/*
 * This file is part of the Nice GLib ICE library.
 *
 * (C) 2008-2009 Collabora Ltd.
 *  Contact: Youness Alaoui
 * (C) 2007-2009 Nokia Corporation. All rights reserved.
 *  Contact: Kai Vehmanen
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
 * 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
 *
 * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
 * for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
 * License.
 *
 * The Original Code is the Nice GLib ICE library.
 *
 * The Initial Developers of the Original Code are Collabora Ltd and Nokia
 * Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Contributors:
 *   Youness Alaoui, Collabora Ltd.
 *   Kai Vehmanen, Nokia
 *
 * Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of the
 * the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 (the "LGPL"), in which
 * case the provisions of LGPL are applicable instead of those above. If you
 * wish to allow use of your version of this file only under the terms of the
 * LGPL and not to allow others to use your version of this file under the
 * MPL, indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and replace
 * them with the notice and other provisions required by the LGPL. If you do
 * not delete the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this
 * file under either the MPL or the LGPL.
 */

/*
 * @file discovery.c
 * @brief ICE candidate discovery functions
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif

#include <glib.h>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include "debug.h"

#include "agent.h"
#include "agent-priv.h"
#include "component.h"
#include "discovery.h"
#include "stun/usages/bind.h"
#include "stun/usages/turn.h"
#include "socket.h"

static inline int priv_timer_expired (GTimeVal *timer, GTimeVal *now)
{
  return (now->tv_sec == timer->tv_sec) ?
    now->tv_usec >= timer->tv_usec :
    now->tv_sec >= timer->tv_sec;
}

/*
 * Frees the CandidateDiscovery structure pointed to
 * by 'user data'. Compatible with g_slist_free_full().
 */
static void discovery_free_item (CandidateDiscovery *cand)
{
  if (cand->turn)
    turn_server_unref (cand->turn);

  g_slice_free (CandidateDiscovery, cand);
}

/*
 * Frees all discovery related resources for the agent.
 */
void discovery_free (NiceAgent *agent)
{
  g_slist_free_full (agent->discovery_list,
      (GDestroyNotify) discovery_free_item);
  agent->discovery_list = NULL;
  agent->discovery_unsched_items = 0;

  if (agent->discovery_timer_source != NULL) {
    g_source_destroy (agent->discovery_timer_source);
    g_source_unref (agent->discovery_timer_source);
    agent->discovery_timer_source = NULL;
  }
}

/*
 * Prunes the list of discovery processes for items related
 * to stream 'stream_id'.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success, FALSE on a fatal error
 */
void discovery_prune_stream (NiceAgent *agent, guint stream_id)
{
  GSList *i;

  for (i = agent->discovery_list; i ; ) {
    CandidateDiscovery *cand = i->data;
    GSList *next = i->next;

    if (cand->stream->id == stream_id) {
      agent->discovery_list = g_slist_remove (agent->discovery_list, cand);
      discovery_free_item (cand);
    }
    i = next;
  }

  if (agent->discovery_list == NULL) {
    /* noone using the timer anymore, clean it up */
    discovery_free (agent);
  }
}

/*
 * Prunes the list of discovery processes for items related
 * to socket @sock.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success, FALSE on a fatal error
 */
void discovery_prune_socket (NiceAgent *agent, NiceSocket *sock)
{
  GSList *i;

  for (i = agent->discovery_list; i ; ) {
    CandidateDiscovery *discovery = i->data;
    GSList *next = i->next;

    if (discovery->nicesock == sock) {
      agent->discovery_list = g_slist_remove (agent->discovery_list, discovery);
      discovery_free_item (discovery);
    }
    i = next;
  }

  if (agent->discovery_list == NULL) {
    /* noone using the timer anymore, clean it up */
    discovery_free (agent);
  }
}


/*
 * Frees the CandidateDiscovery structure pointed to
 * by 'user data'. Compatible with g_slist_free_full().
 */
static void refresh_free_item (CandidateRefresh *cand)
{
  NiceAgent *agent = cand->agent;
  uint8_t *username;
  gsize username_len;
  uint8_t *password;
  gsize password_len;
  size_t buffer_len = 0;
  StunUsageTurnCompatibility turn_compat = agent_to_turn_compatibility (agent);

  if (cand->timer_source != NULL) {
    g_source_destroy (cand->timer_source);
    g_source_unref (cand->timer_source);
    cand->timer_source = NULL;
  }
  if (cand->tick_source != NULL) {
    g_source_destroy (cand->tick_source);
    g_source_unref (cand->tick_source);
    cand->tick_source = NULL;
  }

  username = (uint8_t *)cand->candidate->turn->username;
  username_len = (size_t) strlen (cand->candidate->turn->username);
  password = (uint8_t *)cand->candidate->turn->password;
  password_len = (size_t) strlen (cand->candidate->turn->password);

  if (turn_compat == STUN_USAGE_TURN_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
      turn_compat == STUN_USAGE_TURN_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007) {
    username = g_base64_decode ((gchar *)username, &username_len);
    password = g_base64_decode ((gchar *)password, &password_len);
  }

  buffer_len = stun_usage_turn_create_refresh (&cand->stun_agent,
      &cand->stun_message,  cand->stun_buffer, sizeof(cand->stun_buffer),
      cand->stun_resp_msg.buffer == NULL ? NULL : &cand->stun_resp_msg, 0,
      username, username_len,
      password, password_len,
      agent_to_turn_compatibility (agent));

  if (buffer_len > 0) {
    StunTransactionId id;

    /* forget the transaction since we don't care about the result and
     * we don't implement retransmissions/timeout */
    stun_message_id (&cand->stun_message, id);
    stun_agent_forget_transaction (&cand->stun_agent, id);

    /* send the refresh twice since we won't do retransmissions */
    agent_socket_send (cand->nicesock, &cand->server,
        buffer_len, (gchar *)cand->stun_buffer);
    if (!nice_socket_is_reliable (cand->nicesock)) {
      agent_socket_send (cand->nicesock, &cand->server,
          buffer_len, (gchar *)cand->stun_buffer);
    }

  }

  if (turn_compat == STUN_USAGE_TURN_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
      turn_compat == STUN_USAGE_TURN_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007) {
    g_free (username);
    g_free (password);
  }

  g_slice_free (CandidateRefresh, cand);
}

/*
 * Frees all discovery related resources for the agent.
 */
void refresh_free (NiceAgent *agent)
{
  g_slist_free_full (agent->refresh_list, (GDestroyNotify) refresh_free_item);
  agent->refresh_list = NULL;
}

/*
 * Prunes the list of discovery processes for items related
 * to stream 'stream_id'.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success, FALSE on a fatal error
 */
void refresh_prune_stream (NiceAgent *agent, guint stream_id)
{
  GSList *i;

  for (i = agent->refresh_list; i ;) {
    CandidateRefresh *cand = i->data;
    GSList *next = i->next;

    /* Don't free the candidate refresh to the currently selected local candidate
     * unless the whole pair is being destroyed.
     */
    if (cand->stream->id == stream_id) {
      agent->refresh_list = g_slist_delete_link (agent->refresh_list, i);
      refresh_free_item (cand);
    }

    i = next;
  }

}

void refresh_prune_candidate (NiceAgent *agent, NiceCandidate *candidate)
{
  GSList *i;

  for (i = agent->refresh_list; i;) {
    GSList *next = i->next;
    CandidateRefresh *refresh = i->data;

    if (refresh->candidate == candidate) {
      agent->refresh_list = g_slist_delete_link (agent->refresh_list, i);
      refresh_free_item (refresh);
    }

    i = next;
  }
}

void refresh_prune_socket (NiceAgent *agent, NiceSocket *sock)
{
  GSList *i;

  for (i = agent->refresh_list; i;) {
    GSList *next = i->next;
    CandidateRefresh *refresh = i->data;

    if (refresh->nicesock == sock) {
      agent->refresh_list = g_slist_delete_link (agent->refresh_list, i);
      refresh_free_item (refresh);
    }

    i = next;
  }
}

void refresh_cancel (CandidateRefresh *refresh)
{
  refresh->agent->refresh_list = g_slist_remove (refresh->agent->refresh_list,
      refresh);
  refresh_free_item (refresh);
}


/*
 * Adds a new local candidate. Implements the candidate pruning
 * defined in ICE spec section 4.1.3 "Eliminating Redundant
 * Candidates" (ID-19).
 */
static gboolean priv_add_local_candidate_pruned (NiceAgent *agent, guint stream_id, NiceComponent *component, NiceCandidate *candidate)
{
  GSList *i;

  g_assert (candidate != NULL);

  for (i = component->local_candidates; i ; i = i->next) {
    NiceCandidate *c = i->data;

    if (nice_address_equal (&c->base_addr, &candidate->base_addr) &&
        nice_address_equal (&c->addr, &candidate->addr) &&
        c->transport == candidate->transport) {
      nice_debug ("Candidate %p (component-id %u) redundant, ignoring.", candidate, component->id);
      return FALSE;
    }
  }

  component->local_candidates = g_slist_append (component->local_candidates,
      candidate);
  conn_check_add_for_local_candidate(agent, stream_id, component, candidate);

  return TRUE;
}

static guint priv_highest_remote_foundation (NiceComponent *component)
{
  GSList *i;
  guint highest = 1;
  gchar foundation[NICE_CANDIDATE_MAX_FOUNDATION];

  for (highest = 1;; highest++) {
    gboolean taken = FALSE;

    g_snprintf (foundation, NICE_CANDIDATE_MAX_FOUNDATION, "remote%u",
        highest);
    for (i = component->remote_candidates; i; i = i->next) {
      NiceCandidate *cand = i->data;
      if (strncmp (foundation, cand->foundation,
              NICE_CANDIDATE_MAX_FOUNDATION) == 0) {
        taken = TRUE;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (!taken)
      return highest;
  }

  g_return_val_if_reached (highest);
}

/* From RFC 5245 section 4.1.3:
 *
 *   for reflexive and relayed candidates, the STUN or TURN servers
 *   used to obtain them have the same IP address.
 */
static gboolean
priv_compare_turn_servers (TurnServer *turn1, TurnServer *turn2)
{
  if (turn1 == turn2)
    return TRUE;
  if (turn1 == NULL || turn2 == NULL)
    return FALSE;

  return nice_address_equal_no_port (&turn1->server, &turn2->server);
}

/*
 * Assings a foundation to the candidate.
 *
 * Implements the mechanism described in ICE sect
 * 4.1.1.3 "Computing Foundations" (ID-19).
 */
static void priv_assign_foundation (NiceAgent *agent, NiceCandidate *candidate)
{
  GSList *i, *j, *k;

  for (i = agent->streams; i; i = i->next) {
    NiceStream *stream = i->data;
    for (j = stream->components; j; j = j->next) {
      NiceComponent *component = j->data;
      for (k = component->local_candidates; k; k = k->next) {
	NiceCandidate *n = k->data;

	/* note: candidate must not on the local candidate list */
	g_assert (candidate != n);

	if (candidate->type == n->type &&
            candidate->transport == n->transport &&
	    nice_address_equal_no_port (&candidate->base_addr, &n->base_addr) &&
            (candidate->type != NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_RELAYED ||
                priv_compare_turn_servers (candidate->turn, n->turn)) &&
            !(agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_GOOGLE &&
                n->type == NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_RELAYED)) {
	  /* note: currently only one STUN server per stream at a
	   *       time is supported, so there is no need to check
	   *       for candidates that would otherwise share the
	   *       foundation, but have different STUN servers */
	  g_strlcpy (candidate->foundation, n->foundation,
              NICE_CANDIDATE_MAX_FOUNDATION);
          if (n->username) {
            g_free (candidate->username);
            candidate->username = g_strdup (n->username);
          }
          if (n->password) {
            g_free (candidate->password);
            candidate->password = g_strdup (n->password);
          }
	  return;
	}
      }
    }
  }

  g_snprintf (candidate->foundation, NICE_CANDIDATE_MAX_FOUNDATION,
      "%u", agent->next_candidate_id++);
}

static void priv_assign_remote_foundation (NiceAgent *agent, NiceCandidate *candidate)
{
  GSList *i, *j, *k;
  guint next_remote_id;
  NiceComponent *component = NULL;

  for (i = agent->streams; i; i = i->next) {
    NiceStream *stream = i->data;
    for (j = stream->components; j; j = j->next) {
      NiceComponent *c = j->data;

      if (c->id == candidate->component_id)
        component = c;

      for (k = c->remote_candidates; k; k = k->next) {
	NiceCandidate *n = k->data;

	/* note: candidate must not on the remote candidate list */
	g_assert (candidate != n);

	if (candidate->type == n->type &&
            candidate->transport == n->transport &&
            candidate->stream_id == n->stream_id &&
	    nice_address_equal_no_port (&candidate->addr, &n->addr)) {
	  /* note: No need to check for STUN/TURN servers, as these candidate
           * will always be peer reflexive, never relayed or serve reflexive.
           */
	  g_strlcpy (candidate->foundation, n->foundation,
              NICE_CANDIDATE_MAX_FOUNDATION);
          if (n->username) {
            g_free (candidate->username);
            candidate->username = g_strdup (n->username);
          }
          if (n->password) {
            g_free (candidate->password);
            candidate->password = g_strdup (n->password);
          }
	  return;
	}
      }
    }
  }

  if (component) {
    next_remote_id = priv_highest_remote_foundation (component);
    g_snprintf (candidate->foundation, NICE_CANDIDATE_MAX_FOUNDATION,
        "remote%u", next_remote_id);
  }
}


static
void priv_generate_candidate_credentials (NiceAgent *agent,
    NiceCandidate *candidate)
{

  if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
      agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007) {
    guchar username[32];
    guchar password[16];

    g_free (candidate->username);
    g_free (candidate->password);

    nice_rng_generate_bytes (agent->rng, 32, (gchar *)username);
    nice_rng_generate_bytes (agent->rng, 16, (gchar *)password);

    candidate->username = g_base64_encode (username, 32);
    candidate->password = g_base64_encode (password, 16);

  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_GOOGLE) {
    gchar username[16];

    g_free (candidate->username);
    g_free (candidate->password);
    candidate->password = NULL;

    nice_rng_generate_bytes_print (agent->rng, 16, (gchar *)username);

    candidate->username = g_strndup (username, 16);
  }


}

/*
 * Creates a local host candidate for 'component_id' of stream
 * 'stream_id'.
 *
 * @return pointer to the created candidate, or NULL on error
 */
HostCandidateResult discovery_add_local_host_candidate (
  NiceAgent *agent,
  guint stream_id,
  guint component_id,
  NiceAddress *address,
  NiceCandidateTransport transport,
  NiceCandidate **outcandidate)
{
  NiceCandidate *candidate;
  NiceComponent *component;
  NiceStream *stream;
  NiceSocket *nicesock = NULL;
  HostCandidateResult res = HOST_CANDIDATE_FAILED;

  if (!agent_find_component (agent, stream_id, component_id, &stream, &component))
    return res;

  candidate = nice_candidate_new (NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_HOST);
  candidate->transport = transport;
  candidate->stream_id = stream_id;
  candidate->component_id = component_id;
  candidate->addr = *address;
  candidate->base_addr = *address;
  if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_GOOGLE) {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_jingle_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
             agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007)  {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_msn_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007R2) {
    candidate->priority =  nice_candidate_ms_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, FALSE);
  } else {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, FALSE);
  }

  candidate->priority = ensure_unique_priority (component,
      candidate->priority);
  priv_generate_candidate_credentials (agent, candidate);
  priv_assign_foundation (agent, candidate);

  /* note: candidate username and password are left NULL as stream
     level ufrag/password are used */
  if (transport == NICE_CANDIDATE_TRANSPORT_UDP) {
    nicesock = nice_udp_bsd_socket_new (address);
  } else if (transport == NICE_CANDIDATE_TRANSPORT_TCP_ACTIVE) {
    nicesock = nice_tcp_active_socket_new (agent->main_context, address);
  } else if (transport == NICE_CANDIDATE_TRANSPORT_TCP_PASSIVE) {
    nicesock = nice_tcp_passive_socket_new (agent->main_context, address);
  } else {
    /* TODO: Add TCP-SO */
  }
  if (!nicesock) {
    res = HOST_CANDIDATE_CANT_CREATE_SOCKET;
    goto errors;
  }

  candidate->sockptr = nicesock;
  candidate->addr = nicesock->addr;
  candidate->base_addr = nicesock->addr;

  if (!priv_add_local_candidate_pruned (agent, stream_id, component,
          candidate)) {
    res = HOST_CANDIDATE_REDUNDANT;
    goto errors;
  }

  _priv_set_socket_tos (agent, nicesock, stream->tos);
  nice_component_attach_socket (component, nicesock);

  *outcandidate = candidate;

  return HOST_CANDIDATE_SUCCESS;

errors:
  nice_candidate_free (candidate);
  if (nicesock)
    nice_socket_free (nicesock);
  return res;
}

/*
 * Creates a server reflexive candidate for 'component_id' of stream
 * 'stream_id'.
 *
 * @return pointer to the created candidate, or NULL on error
 */
NiceCandidate*
discovery_add_server_reflexive_candidate (
  NiceAgent *agent,
  guint stream_id,
  guint component_id,
  NiceAddress *address,
  NiceCandidateTransport transport,
  NiceSocket *base_socket,
  gboolean nat_assisted)
{
  NiceCandidate *candidate;
  NiceComponent *component;
  NiceStream *stream;
  gboolean result = FALSE;

  if (!agent_find_component (agent, stream_id, component_id, &stream, &component))
    return NULL;

  candidate = nice_candidate_new (NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_SERVER_REFLEXIVE);
  candidate->transport = transport;
  candidate->stream_id = stream_id;
  candidate->component_id = component_id;
  candidate->addr = *address;

  /* step: link to the base candidate+socket */
  candidate->sockptr = base_socket;
  candidate->base_addr = base_socket->addr;

  if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_GOOGLE) {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_jingle_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
             agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007)  {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_msn_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007R2) {
    candidate->priority =  nice_candidate_ms_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, nat_assisted);
  } else {
    candidate->priority =  nice_candidate_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, nat_assisted);
  }

  candidate->priority = ensure_unique_priority (component,
      candidate->priority);
  priv_generate_candidate_credentials (agent, candidate);
  priv_assign_foundation (agent, candidate);

  result = priv_add_local_candidate_pruned (agent, stream_id, component, candidate);
  if (result) {
    agent_signal_new_candidate (agent, candidate);
  }
  else {
    /* error: duplicate candidate */
    nice_candidate_free (candidate), candidate = NULL;
  }

  return candidate;
}

/*
 * Creates a server reflexive candidate for 'component_id' of stream
 * 'stream_id' for each TCP_PASSIVE and TCP_ACTIVE candidates for each
 * base address.
 *
 * @return pointer to the created candidate, or NULL on error
 */
void
discovery_discover_tcp_server_reflexive_candidates (
  NiceAgent *agent,
  guint stream_id,
  guint component_id,
  NiceAddress *address,
  NiceSocket *base_socket)
{
  NiceComponent *component;
  NiceStream *stream;
  NiceAddress base_addr = base_socket->addr;
  GSList *i;

  if (!agent_find_component (agent, stream_id, component_id, &stream, &component))
    return;

  nice_address_set_port (&base_addr, 0);
  for (i = component->local_candidates; i; i = i ->next) {
    NiceCandidate *c = i->data;
    NiceAddress caddr;

    caddr = c->addr;
    nice_address_set_port (&caddr, 0);
    if (agent->force_relay == FALSE &&
        c->transport != NICE_CANDIDATE_TRANSPORT_UDP &&
        c->type == NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_HOST &&
        nice_address_equal (&base_addr, &caddr)) {
      nice_address_set_port (address, nice_address_get_port (&c->addr));
      discovery_add_server_reflexive_candidate (
          agent,
          stream_id,
          component_id,
          address,
          c->transport,
          c->sockptr,
          FALSE);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * Creates a server reflexive candidate for 'component_id' of stream
 * 'stream_id'.
 *
 * @return pointer to the created candidate, or NULL on error
 */
NiceCandidate*
discovery_add_relay_candidate (
  NiceAgent *agent,
  guint stream_id,
  guint component_id,
  NiceAddress *address,
  NiceCandidateTransport transport,
  NiceSocket *base_socket,
  TurnServer *turn)
{
  NiceCandidate *candidate;
  NiceComponent *component;
  NiceStream *stream;
  NiceSocket *relay_socket = NULL;

  if (!agent_find_component (agent, stream_id, component_id, &stream, &component))
    return NULL;

  candidate = nice_candidate_new (NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_RELAYED);
  candidate->transport = transport;
  candidate->stream_id = stream_id;
  candidate->component_id = component_id;
  candidate->addr = *address;
  candidate->turn = turn_server_ref (turn);

  /* step: link to the base candidate+socket */
  relay_socket = nice_udp_turn_socket_new (agent->main_context, address,
      base_socket, &turn->server,
      turn->username, turn->password,
      agent_to_turn_socket_compatibility (agent));
  if (!relay_socket)
    goto errors;

  candidate->sockptr = relay_socket;
  candidate->base_addr = base_socket->addr;

  if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_GOOGLE) {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_jingle_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
             agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007)  {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_msn_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007R2) {
    candidate->priority =  nice_candidate_ms_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, FALSE);
  } else {
    candidate->priority =  nice_candidate_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, FALSE);
  }

  candidate->priority = ensure_unique_priority (component,
      candidate->priority);
  priv_generate_candidate_credentials (agent, candidate);

  /* Google uses the turn username as the candidate username */
  if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_GOOGLE) {
    g_free (candidate->username);
    candidate->username = g_strdup (turn->username);
  }

  priv_assign_foundation (agent, candidate);

  if (!priv_add_local_candidate_pruned (agent, stream_id, component, candidate))
    goto errors;

  nice_component_attach_socket (component, relay_socket);
  agent_signal_new_candidate (agent, candidate);

  return candidate;

errors:
  nice_candidate_free (candidate);
  if (relay_socket)
    nice_socket_free (relay_socket);
  return NULL;
}

/*
 * Creates a peer reflexive candidate for 'component_id' of stream
 * 'stream_id'.
 *
 * @return pointer to the created candidate, or NULL on error
 */
NiceCandidate*
discovery_add_peer_reflexive_candidate (
  NiceAgent *agent,
  guint stream_id,
  guint component_id,
  NiceAddress *address,
  NiceSocket *base_socket,
  NiceCandidate *local,
  NiceCandidate *remote)
{
  NiceCandidate *candidate;
  NiceComponent *component;
  NiceStream *stream;
  gboolean result;

  if (!agent_find_component (agent, stream_id, component_id, &stream, &component))
    return NULL;

  candidate = nice_candidate_new (NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_PEER_REFLEXIVE);
  if (local)
    candidate->transport = local->transport;
  else if (remote)
    candidate->transport = conn_check_match_transport (remote->transport);
  else {
    if (base_socket->type == NICE_SOCKET_TYPE_UDP_BSD ||
        base_socket->type == NICE_SOCKET_TYPE_UDP_TURN)
      candidate->transport = NICE_CANDIDATE_TRANSPORT_UDP;
    else
      candidate->transport = NICE_CANDIDATE_TRANSPORT_TCP_PASSIVE;
  }
  candidate->stream_id = stream_id;
  candidate->component_id = component_id;
  candidate->addr = *address;
  candidate->sockptr = base_socket;
  candidate->base_addr = base_socket->addr;

  if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_GOOGLE) {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_jingle_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
             agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007)  {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_msn_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007R2) {
    candidate->priority =  nice_candidate_ms_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, FALSE);
  } else {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, FALSE);
  }

  candidate->priority = ensure_unique_priority (component,
      candidate->priority);
  priv_assign_foundation (agent, candidate);

  if ((agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
       agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007) &&
      remote && local) {
    guchar *new_username = NULL;
    guchar *decoded_local = NULL;
    guchar *decoded_remote = NULL;
    gsize local_size;
    gsize remote_size;
    g_free(candidate->username);
    g_free(candidate->password);

    decoded_local = g_base64_decode (local->username, &local_size);
    decoded_remote = g_base64_decode (remote->username, &remote_size);

    new_username = g_new0(guchar, local_size + remote_size);
    memcpy(new_username, decoded_local, local_size);
    memcpy(new_username + local_size, decoded_remote, remote_size);

    candidate->username = g_base64_encode (new_username, local_size + remote_size);
    g_free(new_username);
    g_free(decoded_local);
    g_free(decoded_remote);

    candidate->password = g_strdup(local->password);
  } else if (local) {
    g_free(candidate->username);
    g_free(candidate->password);

    candidate->username = g_strdup(local->username);
    candidate->password = g_strdup(local->password);
  }

  result = priv_add_local_candidate_pruned (agent, stream_id, component, candidate);
  if (result != TRUE) {
    /* error: memory allocation, or duplicate candidate */
    nice_candidate_free (candidate), candidate = NULL;
  }

  return candidate;
}


/*
 * Adds a new peer reflexive candidate to the list of known
 * remote candidates. The candidate is however not paired with
 * existing local candidates.
 *
 * See ICE sect 7.2.1.3 "Learning Peer Reflexive Candidates" (ID-19).
 *
 * @return pointer to the created candidate, or NULL on error
 */
NiceCandidate *discovery_learn_remote_peer_reflexive_candidate (
  NiceAgent *agent,
  NiceStream *stream,
  NiceComponent *component,
  guint32 priority,
  const NiceAddress *remote_address,
  NiceSocket *nicesock,
  NiceCandidate *local,
  NiceCandidate *remote)
{
  NiceCandidate *candidate;

  candidate = nice_candidate_new (NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_PEER_REFLEXIVE);

  candidate->addr = *remote_address;
  candidate->base_addr = *remote_address;
  if (remote)
    candidate->transport = remote->transport;
  else if (local)
    candidate->transport = conn_check_match_transport (local->transport);
  else {
    if (nicesock->type == NICE_SOCKET_TYPE_UDP_BSD ||
        nicesock->type == NICE_SOCKET_TYPE_UDP_TURN)
      candidate->transport = NICE_CANDIDATE_TRANSPORT_UDP;
    else
      candidate->transport = NICE_CANDIDATE_TRANSPORT_TCP_ACTIVE;
  }
  candidate->sockptr = nicesock;
  candidate->stream_id = stream->id;
  candidate->component_id = component->id;

  /* if the check didn't contain the PRIORITY attribute, then the priority will
   * be 0, which is invalid... */
  if (priority != 0) {
    candidate->priority = priority;
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_GOOGLE) {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_jingle_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
             agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007)  {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_msn_priority (candidate);
  } else if (agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007R2) {
    candidate->priority =  nice_candidate_ms_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, FALSE);
  } else {
    candidate->priority = nice_candidate_ice_priority (candidate,
        agent->reliable, FALSE);
  }

  priv_assign_remote_foundation (agent, candidate);

  if ((agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
       agent->compatibility == NICE_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007) &&
      remote && local) {
    guchar *new_username = NULL;
    guchar *decoded_local = NULL;
    guchar *decoded_remote = NULL;
    gsize local_size;
    gsize remote_size;
    g_free(candidate->username);
    g_free (candidate->password);

    decoded_local = g_base64_decode (local->username, &local_size);
    decoded_remote = g_base64_decode (remote->username, &remote_size);

    new_username = g_new0(guchar, local_size + remote_size);
    memcpy(new_username, decoded_remote, remote_size);
    memcpy(new_username + remote_size, decoded_local, local_size);

    candidate->username = g_base64_encode (new_username, local_size + remote_size);
    g_free(new_username);
    g_free(decoded_local);
    g_free(decoded_remote);

    candidate->password = g_strdup(remote->password);
  } else if (remote) {
    g_free (candidate->username);
    g_free (candidate->password);
    candidate->username = g_strdup(remote->username);
    candidate->password = g_strdup(remote->password);
  }

  /* note: candidate username and password are left NULL as stream 
     level ufrag/password are used */

  component->remote_candidates = g_slist_append (component->remote_candidates,
      candidate);

  agent_signal_new_remote_candidate (agent, candidate);

  return candidate;
}

/* 
 * Timer callback that handles scheduling new candidate discovery
 * processes (paced by the Ta timer), and handles running of the 
 * existing discovery processes.
 *
 * This function is designed for the g_timeout_add() interface.
 *
 * @return will return FALSE when no more pending timers.
 */
static gboolean priv_discovery_tick_unlocked (gpointer pointer)
{
  CandidateDiscovery *cand;
  NiceAgent *agent = pointer;
  GSList *i;
  int not_done = 0; /* note: track whether to continue timer */
  size_t buffer_len = 0;

  {
    static int tick_counter = 0;
    if (tick_counter++ % 50 == 0)
      nice_debug ("Agent %p : discovery tick #%d with list %p (1)", agent, tick_counter, agent->discovery_list);
  }

  for (i = agent->discovery_list; i ; i = i->next) {
    cand = i->data;

    if (cand->pending != TRUE) {
      cand->pending = TRUE;

      if (agent->discovery_unsched_items)
	--agent->discovery_unsched_items;

      if (nice_debug_is_enabled ()) {
        gchar tmpbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
        nice_address_to_string (&cand->server, tmpbuf);
        nice_debug ("Agent %p : discovery - scheduling cand type %u addr %s.",
            agent, cand->type, tmpbuf);
      }
      if (nice_address_is_valid (&cand->server) &&
          (cand->type == NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_SERVER_REFLEXIVE ||
              cand->type == NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_RELAYED)) {

        if (cand->component->state == NICE_COMPONENT_STATE_DISCONNECTED ||
            cand->component->state == NICE_COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED)
          agent_signal_component_state_change (agent,
					       cand->stream->id,
					       cand->component->id,
					       NICE_COMPONENT_STATE_GATHERING);

        if (cand->type == NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_SERVER_REFLEXIVE) {
          buffer_len = stun_usage_bind_create (&cand->stun_agent,
              &cand->stun_message, cand->stun_buffer, sizeof(cand->stun_buffer));
        } else if (cand->type == NICE_CANDIDATE_TYPE_RELAYED) {
          uint8_t *username = (uint8_t *)cand->turn->username;
          gsize username_len = strlen (cand->turn->username);
          uint8_t *password = (uint8_t *)cand->turn->password;
          gsize password_len = strlen (cand->turn->password);
          StunUsageTurnCompatibility turn_compat =
              agent_to_turn_compatibility (agent);

          if (turn_compat == STUN_USAGE_TURN_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
              turn_compat == STUN_USAGE_TURN_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007) {
            username = g_base64_decode ((gchar *)username, &username_len);
            password = g_base64_decode ((gchar *)password, &password_len);
          }

          buffer_len = stun_usage_turn_create (&cand->stun_agent,
              &cand->stun_message,  cand->stun_buffer, sizeof(cand->stun_buffer),
              cand->stun_resp_msg.buffer == NULL ? NULL : &cand->stun_resp_msg,
              STUN_USAGE_TURN_REQUEST_PORT_NORMAL,
              -1, -1,
              username, username_len,
              password, password_len,
              turn_compat);

          if (turn_compat == STUN_USAGE_TURN_COMPATIBILITY_MSN ||
              turn_compat == STUN_USAGE_TURN_COMPATIBILITY_OC2007) {
            g_free (username);
            g_free (password);
          }
        }

	if (buffer_len > 0) {
          if (nice_socket_is_reliable (cand->nicesock)) {
            stun_timer_start_reliable (&cand->timer, agent->stun_reliable_timeout);
          } else {
            stun_timer_start (&cand->timer,
                agent->stun_initial_timeout,
                agent->stun_max_retransmissions);
          }

          /* send the conncheck */
          agent_socket_send (cand->nicesock, &cand->server,
              buffer_len, (gchar *)cand->stun_buffer);

	  /* case: success, start waiting for the result */
	  g_get_current_time (&cand->next_tick);

	} else {
	  /* case: error in starting discovery, start the next discovery */
	  cand->done = TRUE;
	  cand->stun_message.buffer = NULL;
	  cand->stun_message.buffer_len = 0;
	  continue;
	}
      }
      else
	/* allocate relayed candidates */
	g_assert_not_reached ();

      ++not_done; /* note: new discovery scheduled */
    }

    if (cand->done != TRUE) {
      GTimeVal now;

      g_get_current_time (&now);

      if (cand->stun_message.buffer == NULL) {
	nice_debug ("Agent %p : STUN discovery was cancelled, marking discovery done.", agent);
	cand->done = TRUE;
      }
      else if (priv_timer_expired (&cand->next_tick, &now)) {
        switch (stun_timer_refresh (&cand->timer)) {
          case STUN_USAGE_TIMER_RETURN_TIMEOUT:
            {
              /* Time out */
              /* case: error, abort processing */
              StunTransactionId id;

              stun_message_id (&cand->stun_message, id);
              stun_agent_forget_transaction (&cand->stun_agent, id);

              cand->done = TRUE;
              cand->stun_message.buffer = NULL;
              cand->stun_message.buffer_len = 0;
              nice_debug ("Agent %p : bind discovery timed out, aborting discovery item.", agent);
              break;
            }
          case STUN_USAGE_TIMER_RETURN_RETRANSMIT:
            {
              /* case: not ready complete, so schedule next timeout */
              unsigned int timeout = stun_timer_remainder (&cand->timer);

              stun_debug ("STUN transaction retransmitted (timeout %dms).",
                  timeout);

              /* retransmit */
              agent_socket_send (cand->nicesock, &cand->server,
                  stun_message_length (&cand->stun_message),
                  (gchar *)cand->stun_buffer);

              /* note: convert from milli to microseconds for g_time_val_add() */
              cand->next_tick = now;
              g_time_val_add (&cand->next_tick, timeout * 1000);

              ++not_done; /* note: retry later */
              break;
            }
          case STUN_USAGE_TIMER_RETURN_SUCCESS:
            {
              unsigned int timeout = stun_timer_remainder (&cand->timer);

              cand->next_tick = now;
              g_time_val_add (&cand->next_tick, timeout * 1000);

              ++not_done; /* note: retry later */
              break;
            }
          default:
            /* Nothing to do. */
            break;
	}

      } else {
	++not_done; /* note: discovery not expired yet */
      }
    }
  }

  if (not_done == 0) {
    nice_debug ("Agent %p : Candidate gathering FINISHED, stopping discovery timer.", agent);

    discovery_free (agent);

    agent_gathering_done (agent);

    /* note: no pending timers, return FALSE to stop timer */
    return FALSE;
  }

  return TRUE;
}

static gboolean priv_discovery_tick (gpointer pointer)
{
  NiceAgent *agent = pointer;
  gboolean ret;

  agent_lock();
  if (g_source_is_destroyed (g_main_current_source ())) {
    nice_debug ("Source was destroyed. "
        "Avoided race condition in priv_discovery_tick");
    agent_unlock ();
    return FALSE;
  }

  ret = priv_discovery_tick_unlocked (pointer);
  if (ret == FALSE) {
    if (agent->discovery_timer_source != NULL) {
      g_source_destroy (agent->discovery_timer_source);
      g_source_unref (agent->discovery_timer_source);
      agent->discovery_timer_source = NULL;
    }
  }
  agent_unlock_and_emit (agent);

  return ret;
}

/*
 * Initiates the candidate discovery process by starting
 * the necessary timers.
 *
 * @pre agent->discovery_list != NULL  // unsched discovery items available
 */
void discovery_schedule (NiceAgent *agent)
{
  g_assert (agent->discovery_list != NULL);

  if (agent->discovery_unsched_items > 0) {

    if (agent->discovery_timer_source == NULL) {
      /* step: run first iteration immediately */
      gboolean res = priv_discovery_tick_unlocked (agent);
      if (res == TRUE) {
        agent_timeout_add_with_context (agent, &agent->discovery_timer_source,
            "Candidate discovery tick", agent->timer_ta,
            priv_discovery_tick, agent);
      }
    }
  }
}