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-<!-- Creator : groff version 1.22.4 -->
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-</style>
-<title>TIFFCROP</title>
-
-</head>
-<body>
-
-<h1 align="center">TIFFCROP</h1>
-
-<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
-<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
-<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
-<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
-<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a><br>
-<a href="#NOTES">NOTES</a><br>
-<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
-
-<hr>
-
-
-<h2>NAME
-<a name="NAME"></a>
-</h2>
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">tiffcrop
-&minus; select, copy, crop, convert, extract, and/or process
-one or more <small>TIFF</small> files.</p>
-
-<h2>SYNOPSIS
-<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
-</h2>
-
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>tiffcrop</b>
-[ <i>options</i> ] <i>src1.tif ... srcN.tif dst.tif</i></p>
-
-<h2>DESCRIPTION
-<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
-</h2>
-
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>Tiffcrop</i>
-processes one or more files created according to the Tag
-Image File Format, Revision 6.0, specification into one or
-more <small>TIFF</small> file(s). <i>Tiffcrop</i> is most
-often used to extract portions of an image for processing
-with bar code recognizer or OCR software when that software
-cannot restrict the region of interest to a specific portion
-of the image or to improve efficiency when the regions of
-interest must be rotated. It can also be used to subdivide
-all or part of a processed image into smaller sections and
-export individual images or sections of images as separate
-files or separate images within one or more files derived
-from the original input image or images.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The available
-functions can be grouped broadly into three classes:</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Those that
-select individual images or sections of images from the
-input files. The options &minus;N for sequences or lists of
-individual images in the input files, &minus;Z for zones,
-&minus;z for regions, &minus;X and &minus;Y for fixed sized
-selections, &minus;m for margins, &minus;U for units, and
-&minus;E for edge reference provide a variety of ways to
-specify portions of the input image.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Those that
-allow the individual images or selections to be exported to
-one or more output files in different groupings and control
-the organization of the data in the output images. The
-options &minus;P for page size grouping, &minus;S for
-subdivision into columns and rows and &minus;e for export
-mode options that produce one or more files from each input
-image. The options &minus;r, &minus;s, &minus;t, &minus;w
-control strip and tile format and sizes while &minus;B
-&minus;L &minus;c &minus;f modify the endian addressing
-scheme, the compression options, and the bit fill sequence
-of images as they are written.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Those that
-perform some action on each image that is selected from the
-input file. The options include &minus;R for rotate,
-&minus;I for inversion of the photometric interpretation
-and/or data values, and &minus;F to flip (mirror) the image
-horizontally or vertically.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Functions are
-applied to the input image(s) in the following order:
-cropping, fixed area extraction, zone and region extraction,
-inversion, mirroring, rotation.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Functions are
-applied to the output image(s) in the following order:
-export mode options for grouping zones, regions, or images
-into one or more files, <i>or</i> row and column divisions
-with output margins, <i>or</i> page size divisions with page
-orientation options.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Finally, strip,
-tile, byte order, output resolution, and compression options
-are applied to all output images.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The output
-file(s) may be organized and compressed using a different
-algorithm from the input files. By default, <i>tiffcrop</i>
-will copy all the understood tags in a <small>TIFF</small>
-directory of an input file to the associated directory in
-the output file. Options can be used to force the resultant
-image to be written as strips or tiles of data,
-respectively.</p>
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>Tiffcrop</i>
-can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of
-data in a file, and to reorganize, extract, rotate, and
-otherwise process the image data as specified at the same
-time whereas tiffcp does not alter the image data within the
-file.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Using the
-options for selecting individual input images and the
-options for exporting images and/or segments defined as
-zones or regions of each input image, <i>tiffcrop</i> can
-perform the functions of tiffcp and tiffsplit in a single
-pass while applying multiple operations to individual
-selections or images.</p>
-
-<h2>OPTIONS
-<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
-</h2>
-
-
-<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
- cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>&minus;h</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p style="margin-top: 1em">Display the syntax summary for
-tiffcrop.</p> </td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;v</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Report the current version and last modification date
-for tiffcrop.</p></td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;N
-odd|even|#,#&minus;#,#|last</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify one or more series or
-range(s) of images within each file to process. The words
-<b>odd</b> or <b>even</b> may be used to specify all odd or
-even numbered images counting from one. Note that
-internally, TIFF images are numbered from zero rather than
-one but since this convention is not obvious to most users,
-tiffcrop used 1 to specify the first image in a multipage
-file. The word <b>last</b> may be used in place of a number
-in the sequence to indicate the final image in the file
-without knowing how many images there are. Ranges of images
-may be specified with a dash and multiple sets can be
-indicated by joining them in a comma&minus;separated list.
-eg. use <b>&minus;N 1,5&minus;7,last</b> to process the 1st,
-5th through 7th, and final image in the file.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;E
-top|bottom|left|right</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify the top, bottom, left,
-or right edge as the reference from which to calculate the
-width and length of crop regions or sequence of positions
-for zones. When used with the &minus;e option for exporting
-zones or regions, the reference edge determines how
-composite images are arranged. Using &minus;E left or right
-causes successive zones or regions to be merged horizontally
-whereas using &minus;E top or bottom causes successive zones
-or regions to be arranged vertically. This option has no
-effect on export layout when multiple zones or regions are
-not being exported to composite images. Edges may be
-abbreviated to the first letter.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;e
-combined|divided|image|multiple|separate</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify the export mode for
-images and selections from input images. The final filename
-on the command line is considered to be the destination file
-or filename stem for automatically generated sequences of
-files. Modes may be abbreviated to the first letter.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">combined All
-images and selections are written to a single file with
-multiple selections from one image combined into a single
-image (default)</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">divided All
-images and selections are written to a single file with each
-selection from one image written to a new image</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">image Each
-input image is written to a new file (numeric filename
-sequence) with multiple selections from the image combined
-into one image</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">multiple Each
-input image is written to a new file (numeric filename
-sequence) with each selection from the image written to a
-new image</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">separate
-Individual selections from each image are written to
-separate files</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;U in|cm|px</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify the type of units to
-apply to dimensions for margins and crop regions for input
-and output images. Inches or centimeters are converted to
-pixels using the resolution unit specified in the TIFF file
-(which defaults to inches if not specified in the IFD).</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;m #,#,#,#</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify margins to be removed
-from the input image. The order must be top, left, bottom,
-right with only commas separating the elements of the list.
-Margins are scaled according to the current units and
-removed before any other extractions are computed..</p>
-
-<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
- cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="6%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;X #</b></p></td>
-<td width="5%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Set the horizontal (X&minus;axis) dimension of a region
-to extract relative to the specified origin reference. If
-the origin is the top or bottom edge, the X axis value will
-be assumed to start at the left edge.</p></td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="6%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;Y #</b></p></td>
-<td width="5%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Set the vertical (Y&minus;axis) dimension of a region to
-extract relative to the specified origin reference. If the
-origin is the left or right edge, the Y axis value will be
-assumed to start at the top.</p></td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;Z #:#,#:#</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify zones of the image
-designated as position X of Y equal sized portions measured
-from the reference edge, eg 1:3 would be first third of the
-image starting from the reference edge minus any margins
-specified for the confining edges. Multiple zones can be
-specified as a comma separated list but they must reference
-the same edge. To extract the top quarter and the bottom
-third of an image you would use <b>&minus;Z 1:4,3:3.</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;z x1,y1,x2,y2: ...
-:xN,yN,xN+1,yN+1</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify a series of coordinates
-to define regions for processing and exporting. The
-coordinates represent the top left and lower right corners
-of each region in the current units, eg inch, cm, or pixels.
-Pixels are counted from one to width or height and inches or
-cm are calculated from image resolution data.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Each colon
-delimited series of four values represents the horizontal
-and vertical offsets from the top and left edges of the
-image, regardless of the edge specified with the &minus;E
-option. The first and third values represent the horizontal
-offsets of the corner points from the left edge while the
-second and fourth values represent the vertical offsets from
-the top edge.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;F horiz|vert</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Flip, ie mirror, the image or
-extracted region horizontally or vertically.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;R 90|180|270</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Rotate the image or extracted
-region 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;I
-[black|white|data|both]</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Invert color space, eg dark to
-light for bilevel and grayscale images. This can be used to
-modify negative images to positive or to correct images that
-have the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATIN tag set incorrectly. If
-the value is black or white, the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION
-tag is set to MinIsBlack or MinIsWhite, without altering the
-image data. If the argument is data or both, the data values
-of the image are modified. Specifying both inverts the data
-and the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag, whereas using data
-inverts the data but not the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag.
-No support for modifying the color space of color images in
-this release.</p>
-
-<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
- cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="6%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;H #</b></p></td>
-<td width="5%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Set the horizontal resolution of output images to #
-expressed in the current units.</p></td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="6%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;V #</b></p></td>
-<td width="5%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Set the vertical resolution of the output images to #
-expressed in the current units.</p></td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="6%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;J #</b></p></td>
-<td width="5%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Set the horizontal margin of an output page size to #
-expressed in the current units when sectioning image into
-columns x rows subimages using the &minus;S cols:rows
-option.</p> </td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="6%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;K #</b></p></td>
-<td width="5%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Set the vertical margin of an output page size to #
-expressed in the current units when sectioning image into
-columns x rows submiages using the &minus;S cols:rows
-option.</p> </td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;O
-portrait|landscape|auto</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Set the output orientation of
-the pages or sections. Auto will use the arrangement that
-requires the fewest pages. This option is only meaningful in
-conjunction with the -P option to format an image to fit on
-a specific paper size.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;P page</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Format the output images to fit
-on page size paper. Use &minus;P list to show the supported
-page sizes and dimensions. You can define a custom page size
-by entering the width and length of the page in the current
-units with the following format #.#x#.#.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;S cols:rows</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Divide each image into cols
-across and rows down equal sections.</p>
-
-<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
- cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;B</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Force output to be written with Big&minus;Endian byte
-order. This option only has an effect when the output file
-is created or overwritten and not when it is appended
-to.</p> </td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;C</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Suppress the use of &lsquo;&lsquo;strip
-chopping&rsquo;&rsquo; when reading images that have a
-single strip/tile of uncompressed data.</p></td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;c</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Specify the compression to use for data written to the
-output file: <b>none</b> for no compression, <b>packbits</b>
-for PackBits compression, <b>lzw</b> for Lempel&minus;Ziv
-&amp; Welch compression, <b>jpeg</b> for baseline JPEG
-compression. <b>zip</b> for Deflate compression, <b>g3</b>
-for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) compression, and <b>g4</b> for CCITT
-Group 4 (T.6) compression. By default <i>tiffcrop</i> will
-compress data according to the value of the
-<i>Compression</i> tag found in the source file.</p></td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">The
-<small>CCITT</small> Group 3 and Group 4 compression
-algorithms can only be used with bilevel data.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Group 3
-compression can be specified together with several
-T.4&minus;specific options: <b>1d</b> for
-1&minus;dimensional encoding, <b>2d</b> for
-2&minus;dimensional encoding, and <b>fill</b> to force each
-encoded scanline to be zero&minus;filled so that the
-terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary. Group
-3&minus;specific options are specified by appending a
-&lsquo;&lsquo;:&rsquo;&rsquo;&minus;separated list to the
-&lsquo;&lsquo;g3&rsquo;&rsquo; option; e.g. <b>&minus;c
-g3:2d:fill</b> to get 2D&minus;encoded data with
-byte&minus;aligned EOL codes.</p>
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><small>LZW</small>
-compression can be specified together with a
-<i>predictor</i> value. A predictor value of 2 causes each
-scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal
-differencing before it is encoded; a value of 1 forces each
-scanline to be encoded without differencing.
-LZW&minus;specific options are specified by appending a
-&lsquo;&lsquo;:&rsquo;&rsquo;&minus;separated list to the
-&lsquo;&lsquo;lzw&rsquo;&rsquo; option; e.g. <b>&minus;c
-lzw:2</b> for <small>LZW</small> compression with horizontal
-differencing.</p>
-
-<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
- cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>&minus;f</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p style="margin-top: 1em">Specify the bit fill order to
-use in writing output data. By default, <i>tiffcrop</i> will
-create a new file with the same fill order as the original.
-Specifying <b>&minus;f lsb2msb</b> will force data to be
-written with the FillOrder tag set to
-<small>LSB2MSB,</small> while <b>&minus;f msb2lsb</b> will
-force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to
-<small>MSB2LSB.</small></p> </td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;i</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Ignore non&minus;fatal read errors and continue
-processing of the input file.</p></td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;k size</b></p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">Set maximum memory allocation
-size (in MiB). The default is 256MiB. Set to 0 to disable
-the limit.</p>
-
-<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
- cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;l</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Specify the length of a tile (in pixels).
-<i>Tiffcrop</i> attempts to set the tile dimensions so that
-no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.</p></td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;L</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Force output to be written with Little&minus;Endian byte
-order. This option only has an effect when the output file
-is created or overwritten and not when it is appended
-to.</p> </td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;M</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Suppress the use of memory&minus;mapped files when
-reading images.</p></td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;p</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image
-data that has more than one sample per pixel. By default,
-<i>tiffcrop</i> will create a new file with the same planar
-configuration as the original. Specifying <b>&minus;p
-contig</b> will force data to be written with
-multi&minus;sample data packed together, while <b>&minus;p
-separate</b> will force samples to be written in separate
-planes.</p> </td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;r</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of
-data written to the output file. By default (or when value
-<b>0</b> is specified), <i>tiffcrop</i> attempts to set the
-rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a
-strip. If you specify the special value <b>&minus;1</b> it
-will results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The
-entire image will be the one strip in that case.</p></td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;s</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Force the output file to be written with data organized
-in strips (rather than tiles).</p></td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;t</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Force the output file to be written with data organized
-in tiles (rather than strips).</p></td></tr>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="3%">
-
-
-<p><b>&minus;w</b></p></td>
-<td width="8%"></td>
-<td width="78%">
-
-
-<p>Specify the width of a tile (in pixels). <i>tiffcrop</i>
-attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8
-kilobytes of data appear in a tile. <i>tiffcrop</i> attempts
-to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes
-of data appear in a tile.</p></td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;">Debug and dump facility</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;"><b>&minus;D
-opt1:value1,opt2:value2,opt3:value3:opt4:value4</b> Display
-program progress and/or dump raw data to non&minus;TIFF
-files. Options include the following and must be joined as a
-comma separated list. The use of this option is generally
-limited to program debugging and development of future
-options. An equal sign may be substituted for the colon in
-option:value pairs.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">debug:N Display
-limited program progress indicators where larger N increase
-the level of detail.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">format:txt|raw
-Format any logged data as ASCII text or raw binary values.
-ASCII text dumps include strings of ones and zeroes
-representing the binary values in the image data plus
-identifying headers.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">level:N Specify
-the level of detail presented in the dump files. This can
-vary from dumps of the entire input or output image data to
-dumps of data processed by specific functions. Current range
-of levels is 1 to 3.</p>
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">input:full&minus;path&minus;to&minus;directory/input&minus;dumpname</p>
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">output:full&minus;path&minus;to&minus;directory/output&minus;dumpname</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">When dump files
-are being written, each image will be written to a separate
-file with the name built by adding a numeric sequence value
-to the dumpname and an extension of .txt for ASCII dumps or
-.bin for binary dumps.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">The four
-debug/dump options are independent, though it makes little
-sense to specify a dump file without specifying a detail
-level.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Note: Tiffcrop
-may be compiled with -DDEVELMODE to enable additional very
-<br>
-low level debug reporting.</p>
-
-<h2>EXAMPLES
-<a name="EXAMPLES"></a>
-</h2>
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The following
-concatenates two files and writes the result using
-<small>LZW</small> encoding:</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">tiffcrop &minus;c lzw a.tif
-b.tif result.tif</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To convert a G3
-1d&minus;encoded <small>TIFF</small> to a single strip of
-G4&minus;encoded data the following might be used:</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">tiffcrop &minus;c g4 &minus;r
-10000 g3.tif g4.tif</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;">(1000 is just a number that is
-larger than the number of rows in the source file.)</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To extract a
-selected set of images from a multi&minus;image TIFF file
-use the &minus;N option described above. Thus, to copy the
-1st and 3rd images of image file &quot;album.tif&quot; to
-&quot;result.tif&quot;:</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">tiffcrop &minus;N 1,3 album.tif
-result.tif</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Invert a
-bilevel image scan of a microfilmed document and crop off
-margins of 0.25 inches on the left and right, 0.5 inch on
-the top, and 0.75 inch on the bottom. From the remaining
-portion of the image, select the second and third quarters,
-ie, one half of the area left from the center to each
-margin.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">tiffcrop &minus;U in &minus;m
-0.5,0.25,0.75,0.25 &minus;E left &minus;Z 2:4,3:4 &minus;I
-both MicrofilmNegative.tif MicrofilmPostiveCenter.tif</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Extract only
-the final image of a large Architectural E sized multipage
-TIFF file and rotate it 90 degrees clockwise while
-reformatting the output to fit on tabloid sized sheets with
-one quarter of an inch on each side:</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">tiffcrop &minus;N last &minus;R
-90 &minus;O auto &minus;P tabloid &minus;U in &minus;J 0.25
-&minus;K 0.25 &minus;H 300 &minus;V 300
-Big&minus;PlatMap.tif BigPlatMap&minus;Tabloid.tif</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;">The output images will have a
-specified resolution of 300 dpi in both directions. The
-orientation of each page will be determined by whichever
-choice requires the fewest pages. To specify a specific
-orientation, use the portrait or landscape option. The paper
-size option does not resample the image. It breaks each
-original image into a series of smaller images that will fit
-on the target paper size at the specified resolution.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Extract two
-regions 2048 pixels wide by 2048 pixels high from each page
-of a multi&minus;page input file and write each region to a
-separate output file.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:22%;">tiffcrop &minus;U px &minus;z
-1,1,2048,2048:1,2049,2048,4097 &minus;e separate
-CheckScans.tiff Check</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%;">The output file names will use
-the stem Check with a numeric suffix which is incremented
-for each region of each image, eg Check&minus;001.tiff,
-Check&minus;002.tiff ... Check&minus;NNN.tiff. To produce a
-unique file for each page of the input image with one new
-image for each region of the input image on that page,
-change the export option to &minus;e multiple.</p>
-
-<h2>NOTES
-<a name="NOTES"></a>
-</h2>
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In general,
-bilevel, grayscale, palette and RGB(A) data with bit depths
-from 1 to 32 bits should work in both interleaved and
-separate plane formats. Unlike tiffcp, tiffcrop can read and
-write tiled images with bits per sample that are not a
-multiple of 8 in both interleaved and separate planar
-format. Floating point data types are supported at bit depts
-of 16, 24, 32 and 64 bits per sample.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Not all images
-can be converted from one compression scheme to another.
-Data with some photometric interpretations and/or bit depths
-are tied to specific compression schemes and vice-versa,
-e.g. Group 3/4 compression is only usable for bilevel data.
-JPEG compression is only usable on 8 bit per sample data (or
-12 bit if <i>LibTIFF</i> was compiled with 12 bit JPEG
-support). Support for OJPEG compressed images is problematic
-at best. Since OJPEG compression is no longer supported for
-writing images with LibTIFF, these images will be updated to
-the newer JPEG compression when they are copied or
-processed. This may cause the image to appear color shifted
-or distorted after conversion. In some cases, it is possible
-to remove the original compression from image data using the
-option -cnone.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Tiffcrop does
-not currently provide options to up or downsample data to
-different bit depths or convert data from one photometric
-interpretation to another, e.g. 16 bits per sample to 8 bits
-per sample or RGB to grayscale.</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Tiffcrop is
-very loosely derived from code in <i>tiffcp</i> with
-extensive modifications and additions to support the
-selection of input images and regions and the exporting of
-them to one or more output files in various groupings. The
-image manipulation routines are entirely new and additional
-ones may be added in the future. It will handle tiled images
-with bit depths that are not a multiple of eight that tiffcp
-may refuse to read.</p>
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>Tiffcrop</i>
-was designed to handle large files containing many moderate
-sized images with memory usage that is independent of the
-number of images in the file. In order to support
-compression modes that are not based on individual
-scanlines, e.g. JPEG, it now reads images by strip or tile
-rather than by individual scanlines. In addition to the
-memory required by the input and output buffers associated
-with <i>LibTIFF</i> one or more buffers at least as large as
-the largest image to be read are required. The design favors
-large volume document processing uses over scientific or
-graphical manipulation of large datasets as might be found
-in research or remote sensing scenarios.</p>
-
-<h2>SEE ALSO
-<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
-</h2>
-
-
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>pal2rgb</b>(1),
-<b>tiffinfo</b>(1), <b>tiffcmp</b>(1), <b>tiffcp</b>(1),
-<b>tiffmedian</b>(1), <b>tiffsplit</b>(1),
-<b>libtiff</b>(3TIFF)</p>
-
-<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Libtiff library
-home page: <b>http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/</b></p>
-<hr>
-</body>
-</html>