From 9a432736904d386cda28b987b38ba14dae960ecc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Paul E. McKenney" Date: Mon, 30 May 2011 20:38:55 -0700 Subject: rcu: Simplify curing of load woes Make the functions creating the kthreads wake them up. Leverage the fact that the per-node and boost kthreads can run anywhere, thus dispensing with the need to wake them up once the incoming CPU has gone fully online. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman --- kernel/rcutree_plugin.h | 11 +---------- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 10 deletions(-) (limited to 'kernel/rcutree_plugin.h') diff --git a/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h b/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h index c8bff3099a89..ea2e2fb79e81 100644 --- a/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h +++ b/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h @@ -1299,15 +1299,10 @@ static int __cpuinit rcu_spawn_one_boost_kthread(struct rcu_state *rsp, raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rnp->lock, flags); sp.sched_priority = RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO; sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp); + wake_up_process(t); /* get to TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE quickly. */ return 0; } -static void __cpuinit rcu_wake_one_boost_kthread(struct rcu_node *rnp) -{ - if (rnp->boost_kthread_task) - wake_up_process(rnp->boost_kthread_task); -} - #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */ static void rcu_initiate_boost(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags) @@ -1331,10 +1326,6 @@ static int __cpuinit rcu_spawn_one_boost_kthread(struct rcu_state *rsp, return 0; } -static void __cpuinit rcu_wake_one_boost_kthread(struct rcu_node *rnp) -{ -} - #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */ #ifndef CONFIG_SMP -- cgit v1.2.1 From 09223371deac67d08ca0b70bd18787920284c967 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Shaohua Li Date: Tue, 14 Jun 2011 13:26:25 +0800 Subject: rcu: Use softirq to address performance regression Commit a26ac2455ffcf3(rcu: move TREE_RCU from softirq to kthread) introduced performance regression. In an AIM7 test, this commit degraded performance by about 40%. The commit runs rcu callbacks in a kthread instead of softirq. We observed high rate of context switch which is caused by this. Out test system has 64 CPUs and HZ is 1000, so we saw more than 64k context switch per second which is caused by RCU's per-CPU kthread. A trace showed that most of the time the RCU per-CPU kthread doesn't actually handle any callbacks, but instead just does a very small amount of work handling grace periods. This means that RCU's per-CPU kthreads are making the scheduler do quite a bit of work in order to allow a very small amount of RCU-related processing to be done. Alex Shi's analysis determined that this slowdown is due to lock contention within the scheduler. Unfortunately, as Peter Zijlstra points out, the scheduler's real-time semantics require global action, which means that this contention is inherent in real-time scheduling. (Yes, perhaps someone will come up with a workaround -- otherwise, -rt is not going to do well on large SMP systems -- but this patch will work around this issue in the meantime. And "the meantime" might well be forever.) This patch therefore re-introduces softirq processing to RCU, but only for core RCU work. RCU callbacks are still executed in kthread context, so that only a small amount of RCU work runs in softirq context in the common case. This should minimize ksoftirqd execution, allowing us to skip boosting of ksoftirqd for CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y kernels. Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li Tested-by: "Alex,Shi" Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney --- kernel/rcutree_plugin.h | 9 +++++++++ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+) (limited to 'kernel/rcutree_plugin.h') diff --git a/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h b/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h index ea2e2fb79e81..38d09c5f2b41 100644 --- a/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h +++ b/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h @@ -602,6 +602,11 @@ static void rcu_preempt_process_callbacks(void) &__get_cpu_var(rcu_preempt_data)); } +static void rcu_preempt_do_callbacks(void) +{ + rcu_do_batch(&rcu_preempt_state, &__get_cpu_var(rcu_preempt_data)); +} + /* * Queue a preemptible-RCU callback for invocation after a grace period. */ @@ -997,6 +1002,10 @@ static void rcu_preempt_process_callbacks(void) { } +static void rcu_preempt_do_callbacks(void) +{ +} + /* * Wait for an rcu-preempt grace period, but make it happen quickly. * But because preemptible RCU does not exist, map to rcu-sched. -- cgit v1.2.1 From a46e0899eec7a3069bcadd45dfba7bf67c6ed016 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Paul E. McKenney" Date: Wed, 15 Jun 2011 15:47:09 -0700 Subject: rcu: use softirq instead of kthreads except when RCU_BOOST=y This patch #ifdefs RCU kthreads out of the kernel unless RCU_BOOST=y, thus eliminating context-switch overhead if RCU priority boosting has not been configured. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney --- kernel/rcutree_plugin.h | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) (limited to 'kernel/rcutree_plugin.h') diff --git a/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h b/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h index 38d09c5f2b41..2772386c0421 100644 --- a/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h +++ b/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h @@ -602,11 +602,15 @@ static void rcu_preempt_process_callbacks(void) &__get_cpu_var(rcu_preempt_data)); } +#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST + static void rcu_preempt_do_callbacks(void) { rcu_do_batch(&rcu_preempt_state, &__get_cpu_var(rcu_preempt_data)); } +#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */ + /* * Queue a preemptible-RCU callback for invocation after a grace period. */ @@ -1002,10 +1006,6 @@ static void rcu_preempt_process_callbacks(void) { } -static void rcu_preempt_do_callbacks(void) -{ -} - /* * Wait for an rcu-preempt grace period, but make it happen quickly. * But because preemptible RCU does not exist, map to rcu-sched. @@ -1257,6 +1257,23 @@ static void rcu_initiate_boost(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags) } } +/* + * Wake up the per-CPU kthread to invoke RCU callbacks. + */ +static void invoke_rcu_callbacks_kthread(void) +{ + unsigned long flags; + + local_irq_save(flags); + __this_cpu_write(rcu_cpu_has_work, 1); + if (__this_cpu_read(rcu_cpu_kthread_task) == NULL) { + local_irq_restore(flags); + return; + } + wake_up_process(__this_cpu_read(rcu_cpu_kthread_task)); + local_irq_restore(flags); +} + /* * Set the affinity of the boost kthread. The CPU-hotplug locks are * held, so no one should be messing with the existence of the boost @@ -1297,6 +1314,7 @@ static int __cpuinit rcu_spawn_one_boost_kthread(struct rcu_state *rsp, if (&rcu_preempt_state != rsp) return 0; + rsp->boost = 1; if (rnp->boost_kthread_task != NULL) return 0; t = kthread_create(rcu_boost_kthread, (void *)rnp, @@ -1319,22 +1337,15 @@ static void rcu_initiate_boost(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags) raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rnp->lock, flags); } -static void rcu_boost_kthread_setaffinity(struct rcu_node *rnp, - cpumask_var_t cm) +static void invoke_rcu_callbacks_kthread(void) { + WARN_ON_ONCE(1); } static void rcu_preempt_boost_start_gp(struct rcu_node *rnp) { } -static int __cpuinit rcu_spawn_one_boost_kthread(struct rcu_state *rsp, - struct rcu_node *rnp, - int rnp_index) -{ - return 0; -} - #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */ #ifndef CONFIG_SMP @@ -1509,7 +1520,7 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, rcu_dyntick_holdoff); * * Because it is not legal to invoke rcu_process_callbacks() with irqs * disabled, we do one pass of force_quiescent_state(), then do a - * invoke_rcu_cpu_kthread() to cause rcu_process_callbacks() to be invoked + * invoke_rcu_core() to cause rcu_process_callbacks() to be invoked * later. The per-cpu rcu_dyntick_drain variable controls the sequencing. */ int rcu_needs_cpu(int cpu) @@ -1560,7 +1571,7 @@ int rcu_needs_cpu(int cpu) /* If RCU callbacks are still pending, RCU still needs this CPU. */ if (c) - invoke_rcu_cpu_kthread(); + invoke_rcu_core(); return c; } -- cgit v1.2.1 From f8b7fc6b514f34a51875dd48dff70d4d17a54f38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Paul E. McKenney" Date: Thu, 16 Jun 2011 08:26:32 -0700 Subject: rcu: Move RCU_BOOST #ifdefs to header file The commit "use softirq instead of kthreads except when RCU_BOOST=y" just applied #ifdef in place. This commit is a cleanup that moves the newly #ifdef'ed code to the header file kernel/rcutree_plugin.h. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney --- kernel/rcutree_plugin.h | 384 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 384 insertions(+) (limited to 'kernel/rcutree_plugin.h') diff --git a/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h b/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h index 2772386c0421..14dc7dd00902 100644 --- a/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h +++ b/kernel/rcutree_plugin.h @@ -1330,6 +1330,370 @@ static int __cpuinit rcu_spawn_one_boost_kthread(struct rcu_state *rsp, return 0; } +#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU + +/* + * Stop the RCU's per-CPU kthread when its CPU goes offline,. + */ +static void rcu_stop_cpu_kthread(int cpu) +{ + struct task_struct *t; + + /* Stop the CPU's kthread. */ + t = per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_task, cpu); + if (t != NULL) { + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_task, cpu) = NULL; + kthread_stop(t); + } +} + +#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */ + +static void rcu_kthread_do_work(void) +{ + rcu_do_batch(&rcu_sched_state, &__get_cpu_var(rcu_sched_data)); + rcu_do_batch(&rcu_bh_state, &__get_cpu_var(rcu_bh_data)); + rcu_preempt_do_callbacks(); +} + +/* + * Wake up the specified per-rcu_node-structure kthread. + * Because the per-rcu_node kthreads are immortal, we don't need + * to do anything to keep them alive. + */ +static void invoke_rcu_node_kthread(struct rcu_node *rnp) +{ + struct task_struct *t; + + t = rnp->node_kthread_task; + if (t != NULL) + wake_up_process(t); +} + +/* + * Set the specified CPU's kthread to run RT or not, as specified by + * the to_rt argument. The CPU-hotplug locks are held, so the task + * is not going away. + */ +static void rcu_cpu_kthread_setrt(int cpu, int to_rt) +{ + int policy; + struct sched_param sp; + struct task_struct *t; + + t = per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_task, cpu); + if (t == NULL) + return; + if (to_rt) { + policy = SCHED_FIFO; + sp.sched_priority = RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO; + } else { + policy = SCHED_NORMAL; + sp.sched_priority = 0; + } + sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, policy, &sp); +} + +/* + * Timer handler to initiate the waking up of per-CPU kthreads that + * have yielded the CPU due to excess numbers of RCU callbacks. + * We wake up the per-rcu_node kthread, which in turn will wake up + * the booster kthread. + */ +static void rcu_cpu_kthread_timer(unsigned long arg) +{ + struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rcu_state->rda, arg); + struct rcu_node *rnp = rdp->mynode; + + atomic_or(rdp->grpmask, &rnp->wakemask); + invoke_rcu_node_kthread(rnp); +} + +/* + * Drop to non-real-time priority and yield, but only after posting a + * timer that will cause us to regain our real-time priority if we + * remain preempted. Either way, we restore our real-time priority + * before returning. + */ +static void rcu_yield(void (*f)(unsigned long), unsigned long arg) +{ + struct sched_param sp; + struct timer_list yield_timer; + + setup_timer_on_stack(&yield_timer, f, arg); + mod_timer(&yield_timer, jiffies + 2); + sp.sched_priority = 0; + sched_setscheduler_nocheck(current, SCHED_NORMAL, &sp); + set_user_nice(current, 19); + schedule(); + sp.sched_priority = RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO; + sched_setscheduler_nocheck(current, SCHED_FIFO, &sp); + del_timer(&yield_timer); +} + +/* + * Handle cases where the rcu_cpu_kthread() ends up on the wrong CPU. + * This can happen while the corresponding CPU is either coming online + * or going offline. We cannot wait until the CPU is fully online + * before starting the kthread, because the various notifier functions + * can wait for RCU grace periods. So we park rcu_cpu_kthread() until + * the corresponding CPU is online. + * + * Return 1 if the kthread needs to stop, 0 otherwise. + * + * Caller must disable bh. This function can momentarily enable it. + */ +static int rcu_cpu_kthread_should_stop(int cpu) +{ + while (cpu_is_offline(cpu) || + !cpumask_equal(¤t->cpus_allowed, cpumask_of(cpu)) || + smp_processor_id() != cpu) { + if (kthread_should_stop()) + return 1; + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_status, cpu) = RCU_KTHREAD_OFFCPU; + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_cpu, cpu) = raw_smp_processor_id(); + local_bh_enable(); + schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1); + if (!cpumask_equal(¤t->cpus_allowed, cpumask_of(cpu))) + set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(cpu)); + local_bh_disable(); + } + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_cpu, cpu) = cpu; + return 0; +} + +/* + * Per-CPU kernel thread that invokes RCU callbacks. This replaces the + * earlier RCU softirq. + */ +static int rcu_cpu_kthread(void *arg) +{ + int cpu = (int)(long)arg; + unsigned long flags; + int spincnt = 0; + unsigned int *statusp = &per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_status, cpu); + char work; + char *workp = &per_cpu(rcu_cpu_has_work, cpu); + + for (;;) { + *statusp = RCU_KTHREAD_WAITING; + rcu_wait(*workp != 0 || kthread_should_stop()); + local_bh_disable(); + if (rcu_cpu_kthread_should_stop(cpu)) { + local_bh_enable(); + break; + } + *statusp = RCU_KTHREAD_RUNNING; + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_loops, cpu)++; + local_irq_save(flags); + work = *workp; + *workp = 0; + local_irq_restore(flags); + if (work) + rcu_kthread_do_work(); + local_bh_enable(); + if (*workp != 0) + spincnt++; + else + spincnt = 0; + if (spincnt > 10) { + *statusp = RCU_KTHREAD_YIELDING; + rcu_yield(rcu_cpu_kthread_timer, (unsigned long)cpu); + spincnt = 0; + } + } + *statusp = RCU_KTHREAD_STOPPED; + return 0; +} + +/* + * Spawn a per-CPU kthread, setting up affinity and priority. + * Because the CPU hotplug lock is held, no other CPU will be attempting + * to manipulate rcu_cpu_kthread_task. There might be another CPU + * attempting to access it during boot, but the locking in kthread_bind() + * will enforce sufficient ordering. + * + * Please note that we cannot simply refuse to wake up the per-CPU + * kthread because kthreads are created in TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE state, + * which can result in softlockup complaints if the task ends up being + * idle for more than a couple of minutes. + * + * However, please note also that we cannot bind the per-CPU kthread to its + * CPU until that CPU is fully online. We also cannot wait until the + * CPU is fully online before we create its per-CPU kthread, as this would + * deadlock the system when CPU notifiers tried waiting for grace + * periods. So we bind the per-CPU kthread to its CPU only if the CPU + * is online. If its CPU is not yet fully online, then the code in + * rcu_cpu_kthread() will wait until it is fully online, and then do + * the binding. + */ +static int __cpuinit rcu_spawn_one_cpu_kthread(int cpu) +{ + struct sched_param sp; + struct task_struct *t; + + if (!rcu_kthreads_spawnable || + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_task, cpu) != NULL) + return 0; + t = kthread_create(rcu_cpu_kthread, (void *)(long)cpu, "rcuc%d", cpu); + if (IS_ERR(t)) + return PTR_ERR(t); + if (cpu_online(cpu)) + kthread_bind(t, cpu); + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_cpu, cpu) = cpu; + WARN_ON_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_task, cpu) != NULL); + sp.sched_priority = RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO; + sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp); + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_task, cpu) = t; + wake_up_process(t); /* Get to TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE quickly. */ + return 0; +} + +/* + * Per-rcu_node kthread, which is in charge of waking up the per-CPU + * kthreads when needed. We ignore requests to wake up kthreads + * for offline CPUs, which is OK because force_quiescent_state() + * takes care of this case. + */ +static int rcu_node_kthread(void *arg) +{ + int cpu; + unsigned long flags; + unsigned long mask; + struct rcu_node *rnp = (struct rcu_node *)arg; + struct sched_param sp; + struct task_struct *t; + + for (;;) { + rnp->node_kthread_status = RCU_KTHREAD_WAITING; + rcu_wait(atomic_read(&rnp->wakemask) != 0); + rnp->node_kthread_status = RCU_KTHREAD_RUNNING; + raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rnp->lock, flags); + mask = atomic_xchg(&rnp->wakemask, 0); + rcu_initiate_boost(rnp, flags); /* releases rnp->lock. */ + for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++, mask >>= 1) { + if ((mask & 0x1) == 0) + continue; + preempt_disable(); + t = per_cpu(rcu_cpu_kthread_task, cpu); + if (!cpu_online(cpu) || t == NULL) { + preempt_enable(); + continue; + } + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_has_work, cpu) = 1; + sp.sched_priority = RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO; + sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp); + preempt_enable(); + } + } + /* NOTREACHED */ + rnp->node_kthread_status = RCU_KTHREAD_STOPPED; + return 0; +} + +/* + * Set the per-rcu_node kthread's affinity to cover all CPUs that are + * served by the rcu_node in question. The CPU hotplug lock is still + * held, so the value of rnp->qsmaskinit will be stable. + * + * We don't include outgoingcpu in the affinity set, use -1 if there is + * no outgoing CPU. If there are no CPUs left in the affinity set, + * this function allows the kthread to execute on any CPU. + */ +static void rcu_node_kthread_setaffinity(struct rcu_node *rnp, int outgoingcpu) +{ + cpumask_var_t cm; + int cpu; + unsigned long mask = rnp->qsmaskinit; + + if (rnp->node_kthread_task == NULL) + return; + if (!alloc_cpumask_var(&cm, GFP_KERNEL)) + return; + cpumask_clear(cm); + for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++, mask >>= 1) + if ((mask & 0x1) && cpu != outgoingcpu) + cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, cm); + if (cpumask_weight(cm) == 0) { + cpumask_setall(cm); + for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++) + cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, cm); + WARN_ON_ONCE(cpumask_weight(cm) == 0); + } + set_cpus_allowed_ptr(rnp->node_kthread_task, cm); + rcu_boost_kthread_setaffinity(rnp, cm); + free_cpumask_var(cm); +} + +/* + * Spawn a per-rcu_node kthread, setting priority and affinity. + * Called during boot before online/offline can happen, or, if + * during runtime, with the main CPU-hotplug locks held. So only + * one of these can be executing at a time. + */ +static int __cpuinit rcu_spawn_one_node_kthread(struct rcu_state *rsp, + struct rcu_node *rnp) +{ + unsigned long flags; + int rnp_index = rnp - &rsp->node[0]; + struct sched_param sp; + struct task_struct *t; + + if (!rcu_kthreads_spawnable || + rnp->qsmaskinit == 0) + return 0; + if (rnp->node_kthread_task == NULL) { + t = kthread_create(rcu_node_kthread, (void *)rnp, + "rcun%d", rnp_index); + if (IS_ERR(t)) + return PTR_ERR(t); + raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rnp->lock, flags); + rnp->node_kthread_task = t; + raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rnp->lock, flags); + sp.sched_priority = 99; + sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp); + wake_up_process(t); /* get to TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE quickly. */ + } + return rcu_spawn_one_boost_kthread(rsp, rnp, rnp_index); +} + +/* + * Spawn all kthreads -- called as soon as the scheduler is running. + */ +static int __init rcu_spawn_kthreads(void) +{ + int cpu; + struct rcu_node *rnp; + + rcu_kthreads_spawnable = 1; + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { + per_cpu(rcu_cpu_has_work, cpu) = 0; + if (cpu_online(cpu)) + (void)rcu_spawn_one_cpu_kthread(cpu); + } + rnp = rcu_get_root(rcu_state); + (void)rcu_spawn_one_node_kthread(rcu_state, rnp); + if (NUM_RCU_NODES > 1) { + rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rcu_state, rnp) + (void)rcu_spawn_one_node_kthread(rcu_state, rnp); + } + return 0; +} +early_initcall(rcu_spawn_kthreads); + +static void __cpuinit rcu_prepare_kthreads(int cpu) +{ + struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rcu_state->rda, cpu); + struct rcu_node *rnp = rdp->mynode; + + /* Fire up the incoming CPU's kthread and leaf rcu_node kthread. */ + if (rcu_kthreads_spawnable) { + (void)rcu_spawn_one_cpu_kthread(cpu); + if (rnp->node_kthread_task == NULL) + (void)rcu_spawn_one_node_kthread(rcu_state, rnp); + } +} + #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */ static void rcu_initiate_boost(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags) @@ -1346,6 +1710,26 @@ static void rcu_preempt_boost_start_gp(struct rcu_node *rnp) { } +#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU + +static void rcu_stop_cpu_kthread(int cpu) +{ +} + +#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */ + +static void rcu_node_kthread_setaffinity(struct rcu_node *rnp, int outgoingcpu) +{ +} + +static void rcu_cpu_kthread_setrt(int cpu, int to_rt) +{ +} + +static void __cpuinit rcu_prepare_kthreads(int cpu) +{ +} + #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */ #ifndef CONFIG_SMP -- cgit v1.2.1