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Fuzzing the PTI-x86-32 code with trinity showed unhandled
kernel paging request oops-messages that looked a lot like
silent data corruption.
Lot's of debugging and testing lead to the kexec-32bit code,
which is still allocating 4k PGDs when PTI is enabled. But
since it uses native_set_pud() to build the page-table, it
will unevitably call into __pti_set_user_pgtbl(), which
writes beyond the allocated 4k page.
Use PGD_ALLOCATION_ORDER to allocate PGDs in the kexec code
to fix the issue.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tested-by: David H. Gutteridge <dhgutteridge@sympatico.ca>
Cc: "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@aculab.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Eduardo Valentin <eduval@amazon.com>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: aliguori@amazon.com
Cc: daniel.gruss@iaik.tugraz.at
Cc: hughd@google.com
Cc: keescook@google.com
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <llong@redhat.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: joro@8bytes.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1532533683-5988-4-git-send-email-joro@8bytes.org
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>From ff82bedd3e12f0d3353282054ae48c3bd8c72012 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Date: Wed, 9 May 2018 12:12:39 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v3] x86/kexec: avoid double free_page() upon do_kexec_load() failure.
syzbot is reporting crashes after memory allocation failure inside
do_kexec_load() [1]. This is because free_transition_pgtable() is called
by both init_transition_pgtable() and machine_kexec_cleanup() when memory
allocation failed inside init_transition_pgtable().
Regarding 32bit code, machine_kexec_free_page_tables() is called by both
machine_kexec_alloc_page_tables() and machine_kexec_cleanup() when memory
allocation failed inside machine_kexec_alloc_page_tables().
Fix this by leaving the error handling to machine_kexec_cleanup()
(and optionally setting NULL after free_page()).
[1] https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=91e52396168cf2bdd572fe1e1bc0bc645c1c6b40
Fixes: f5deb79679af6eb4 ("x86: kexec: Use one page table in x86_64 machine_kexec")
Fixes: 92be3d6bdf2cb349 ("kexec/i386: allocate page table pages dynamically")
Reported-by: syzbot <syzbot+d96f60296ef613fe1d69@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: thomas.lendacky@amd.com
Cc: prudo@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com
Cc: takahiro.akashi@linaro.org
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: dyoung@redhat.com
Cc: kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/201805091942.DGG12448.tMFVFSJFQOOLHO@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
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No one uses it anymore.
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: joro@8bytes.org
Cc: prarit@redhat.com
Cc: uobergfe@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180214054656.3780-5-bhe@redhat.com
[ Rewrote the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Split following patches disable_IO_APIC() will be broken up into
clear_IO_APIC() and restore_boot_irq_mode().
These two functions will be called separately where they are needed
to fix a regression introduced by:
522e66464467 ("x86/apic: Disable I/O APIC before shutdown of the local APIC").
While the CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP=y code doesn't call lapic_shutdown() before jump
like kexec/kdump, so it's not impacted by commit 522e66464467.
Hence here change clear_IO_APIC() as public, and replace disable_IO_APIC()
with clear_IO_APIC() and restore_boot_irq_mode() to keep CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP=y
code unchanged in essence. No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: joro@8bytes.org
Cc: prarit@redhat.com
Cc: uobergfe@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180214054656.3780-3-bhe@redhat.com
[ Rewrote the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Commit e802a51ede91 ("x86/idt: Consolidate IDT invalidation") cleaned up
and unified the IDT invalidation that existed in a couple of places. It
changed no actual real code.
Despite not changing any actual real code, it _did_ change code generation:
by implementing the common idt_invalidate() function in
archx86/kernel/idt.c, it made the use of the function in
arch/x86/kernel/machine_kexec_32.c be a real function call rather than an
(accidental) inlining of the function.
That, in turn, exposed two issues:
- in load_segments(), we had incorrectly reset all the segment
registers, which then made the stack canary load (which gcc does
using offset of %gs) cause a trap. Instead of %gs pointing to the
stack canary, it will be the normal zero-based kernel segment, and
the stack canary load will take a page fault at address 0x14.
- to make this even harder to debug, we had invalidated the GDT just
before calling idt_invalidate(), which meant that the fault happened
with an invalid GDT, which in turn causes a triple fault and
immediate reboot.
Fix this by
(a) not reloading the special segments in load_segments(). We currently
don't do any percpu accesses (which would require %fs on x86-32) in
this area, but there's no reason to think that we might not want to
do them, and like %gs, it's pointless to break it.
(b) doing idt_invalidate() before invalidating the GDT, to keep things
at least _slightly_ more debuggable for a bit longer. Without a
IDT, traps will not work. Without a GDT, traps also will not work,
but neither will any segment loads etc. So in a very real sense,
the GDT is even more core than the IDT.
Fixes: e802a51ede91 ("x86/idt: Consolidate IDT invalidation")
Reported-and-tested-by: Alexandru Chirvasitu <achirvasub@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LFD.2.21.1712271143180.8572@i7.lan
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kexec and reboot have both code to invalidate IDT. Create a common function
and use it.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170828064958.600953282@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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set_memory_* functions have moved to set_memory.h. Switch to this
explicitly.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1488920133-27229-6-git-send-email-labbott@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Handle additional page table level in the kexec code.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170317185515.8636-2-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Clean up code by moving IOAPIC related declarations from hw_irq.h into
io_apic.h.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Christian Gmeiner <christian.gmeiner@gmail.com>
Cc: Aubrey <aubrey.li@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ryan Desfosses <ryan@desfo.org>
Cc: Quentin Lambert <lambert.quentin@gmail.com>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1414397531-28254-14-git-send-email-jiang.liu@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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cpu_has_pae is only referenced in one place: the X86_32 kexec
code (in a file not even built on 64-bit). It hardly warrants
its own macro, or the trouble we go to ensuring that it can't
be called in X86_64 code.
Axe the macro and replace it with a direct cpu feature check.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140911211511.AD76E774@viggo.jf.intel.com
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
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None of these files are actually using any __init type directives
and hence don't need to include <linux/init.h>. Most are just a
left over from __devinit and __cpuinit removal, or simply due to
code getting copied from one driver to the next.
[ hpa: undid incorrect removal from arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S ]
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1389054026-12947-1-git-send-email-paul.gortmaker@windriver.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
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Disintegrate asm/system.h for X86.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
cc: x86@kernel.org
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (36 commits)
x86, mm: Correct the implementation of is_untracked_pat_range()
x86/pat: Trivial: don't create debugfs for memtype if pat is disabled
x86, mtrr: Fix sorting of mtrr after subtracting
x86: Move find_smp_config() earlier and avoid bootmem usage
x86, platform: Change is_untracked_pat_range() to bool; cleanup init
x86: Change is_ISA_range() into an inline function
x86, mm: is_untracked_pat_range() takes a normal semiclosed range
x86, mm: Call is_untracked_pat_range() rather than is_ISA_range()
x86: UV SGI: Don't track GRU space in PAT
x86: SGI UV: Fix BAU initialization
x86, numa: Use near(er) online node instead of roundrobin for NUMA
x86, numa, bootmem: Only free bootmem on NUMA failure path
x86: Change crash kernel to reserve via reserve_early()
x86: Eliminate redundant/contradicting cache line size config options
x86: When cleaning MTRRs, do not fold WP into UC
x86: remove "extern" from function prototypes in <asm/proto.h>
x86, mm: Report state of NX protections during boot
x86, mm: Clean up and simplify NX enablement
x86, pageattr: Make set_memory_(x|nx) aware of NX support
x86, sleep: Always save the value of EFER
...
Fix up conflicts (added both iommu_shutdown and is_untracked_pat_range)
to 'struct x86_platform_ops') in
arch/x86/include/asm/x86_init.h
arch/x86/kernel/x86_init.c
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Make set_memory_x/set_memory_nx directly aware of if NX is supported
in the system or not, rather than requiring that every caller assesses
that support independently.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tim Starling <tstarling@wikimedia.org>
Cc: Hannes Eder <hannes@hanneseder.net>
LKML-Reference: <1258154897-6770-4-git-send-email-hpa@zytor.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <kees.cook@canonical.com>
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This patch disables Hardware breakpoints before doing a 'kexec' on the machine
so that the cpu doesn't keep debug registers values which would be out of
sync for the new image.
Original-patch-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
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Tim Starling reported that crashdump will panic with kernel compiled
with CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP due to null pointer deference in
machine_kexec_32.c: machine_kexec(), when deferencing
kexec_image. Refering to:
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13265
This patch fixes the BUG via replacing global variable reference:
kexec_image in machine_kexec() with local variable reference: image,
which is more appropriate, and will not be null.
Same BUG is in machine_kexec_64.c too, so fixed too in the same way.
[ Impact: fix crash on kexec ]
Reported-by: Tim Starling <tstarling@wikimedia.org>
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <1241751101.6259.85.camel@yhuang-dev.sh.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
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Impact: Cleanup
Fix some coding style issue for kexec x86.
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
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Fix these sparse warnings:
arch/x86/kernel/machine_kexec_32.c:124:22: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer
arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:950:24: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer
Signed-off-by: Hannes Eder <hannes@hanneseder.net>
Cc: trivial@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Impact: change the kexec bootstrap code implementation from assembly to C
This patch transforms the kexec page tables setup code from assembler
code to C code in machine_kexec_prepare. This improves readability and
reduces code line number.
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Impact: save .text size when kexec is built in but not loaded
This patch adds an architecture specific struct kimage_arch into
struct kimage. The pointers to page table pages used by kexec are
added to struct kimage_arch. The page tables pages are dynamically
allocated in machine_kexec_prepare instead of statically from BSS
segment. This will save up to 20k memory when kexec image is not
loaded.
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Impact: fix kdump crash on 32-bit sparsemem kernels
Since linux-2.6.27, kdump has failed on i386 sparsemem kernel.
1st-kernel gets a panic just before switching to 2nd-kernel.
The cause is that a kernel accesses invalid mem_section by
page_to_pfn(image->swap_page) at machine_kexec().
image->swap_page is allocated if kexec for hibernation, but
it is not allocated if kdump. So if kdump, a kernel should
not access the mem_section corresponding to image->swap_page.
The attached patch fixes this invalid access.
Signed-off-by: Ken'ichi Ohmichi <oomichi@mxs.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: kexec-ml <kexec@lists.infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Ftrace depends on some processor state that we destroyed during kexec and
restored by restore_processor_state(). So save_processor_state() and
restore_processor_state() are moved into machine_kexec() and ftrace is
restored after restore_processor_state().
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Kexec/Kexec-jump require code size in control page is less than
PAGE_SIZE/2. This patch add link-time checking for this.
ASSERT() of ld link script is used as the link-time checking mechanism.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Rename KEXEC_CONTROL_CODE_SIZE to KEXEC_CONTROL_PAGE_SIZE, because control
page is used for not only code on some platform. For example in kexec
jump, it is used for data and stack too.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: unbreak powerpc and arm, finish conversion]
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch implements devices state save/restore before after kexec.
This patch together with features in kexec_jump patch can be used for
following:
- A simple hibernation implementation without ACPI support. You can kexec a
hibernating kernel, save the memory image of original system and shutdown
the system. When resuming, you restore the memory image of original system
via ordinary kexec load then jump back.
- Kernel/system debug through making system snapshot. You can make system
snapshot, jump back, do some thing and make another system snapshot.
- Cooperative multi-kernel/system. With kexec jump, you can switch between
several kernels/systems quickly without boot process except the first time.
This appears like swap a whole kernel/system out/in.
- A general method to call program in physical mode (paging turning
off). This can be used to invoke BIOS code under Linux.
The following user-space tools can be used with kexec jump:
- kexec-tools needs to be patched to support kexec jump. The patches
and the precompiled kexec can be download from the following URL:
source: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/kexec-tools/kexec-tools-src_git_kh10.tar.bz2
patches: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/kexec-tools/kexec-tools-patches_git_kh10.tar.bz2
binary: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/kexec-tools/kexec_git_kh10
- makedumpfile with patches are used as memory image saving tool, it
can exclude free pages from original kernel memory image file. The
patches and the precompiled makedumpfile can be download from the
following URL:
source: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/makedumpfile/makedumpfile-src_cvs_kh10.tar.bz2
patches: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/makedumpfile/makedumpfile-patches_cvs_kh10.tar.bz2
binary: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/makedumpfile/makedumpfile_cvs_kh10
- An initramfs image can be used as the root file system of kexeced
kernel. An initramfs image built with "BuildRoot" can be downloaded
from the following URL:
initramfs image: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/initramfs/rootfs_cvs_kh10.gz
All user space tools above are included in the initramfs image.
Usage example of simple hibernation:
1. Compile and install patched kernel with following options selected:
CONFIG_X86_32=y
CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=y
CONFIG_KEXEC=y
CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP=y
CONFIG_PM=y
CONFIG_HIBERNATION=y
CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP=y
2. Build an initramfs image contains kexec-tool and makedumpfile, or
download the pre-built initramfs image, called rootfs.gz in
following text.
3. Prepare a partition to save memory image of original kernel, called
hibernating partition in following text.
4. Boot kernel compiled in step 1 (kernel A).
5. In the kernel A, load kernel compiled in step 1 (kernel B) with
/sbin/kexec. The shell command line can be as follow:
/sbin/kexec --load-preserve-context /boot/bzImage --mem-min=0x100000
--mem-max=0xffffff --initrd=rootfs.gz
6. Boot the kernel B with following shell command line:
/sbin/kexec -e
7. The kernel B will boot as normal kexec. In kernel B the memory
image of kernel A can be saved into hibernating partition as
follow:
jump_back_entry=`cat /proc/cmdline | tr ' ' '\n' | grep kexec_jump_back_entry | cut -d '='`
echo $jump_back_entry > kexec_jump_back_entry
cp /proc/vmcore dump.elf
Then you can shutdown the machine as normal.
8. Boot kernel compiled in step 1 (kernel C). Use the rootfs.gz as
root file system.
9. In kernel C, load the memory image of kernel A as follow:
/sbin/kexec -l --args-none --entry=`cat kexec_jump_back_entry` dump.elf
10. Jump back to the kernel A as follow:
/sbin/kexec -e
Then, kernel A is resumed.
Implementation point:
To support jumping between two kernels, before jumping to (executing)
the new kernel and jumping back to the original kernel, the devices
are put into quiescent state, and the state of devices and CPU is
saved. After jumping back from kexeced kernel and jumping to the new
kernel, the state of devices and CPU are restored accordingly. The
devices/CPU state save/restore code of software suspend is called to
implement corresponding function.
Known issues:
- Because the segment number supported by sys_kexec_load is limited,
hibernation image with many segments may not be load. This is
planned to be eliminated by adding a new flag to sys_kexec_load to
make a image can be loaded with multiple sys_kexec_load invoking.
Now, only the i386 architecture is supported.
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch provides an enhancement to kexec/kdump. It implements the
following features:
- Backup/restore memory used by the original kernel before/after
kexec.
- Save/restore CPU state before/after kexec.
The features of this patch can be used as a general method to call program in
physical mode (paging turning off). This can be used to call BIOS code under
Linux.
kexec-tools needs to be patched to support kexec jump. The patches and
the precompiled kexec can be download from the following URL:
source: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/kexec-tools/kexec-tools-src_git_kh10.tar.bz2
patches: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/kexec-tools/kexec-tools-patches_git_kh10.tar.bz2
binary: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_v10/kexec-tools/kexec_git_kh10
Usage example of calling some physical mode code and return:
1. Compile and install patched kernel with following options selected:
CONFIG_X86_32=y
CONFIG_KEXEC=y
CONFIG_PM=y
CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP=y
2. Build patched kexec-tool or download the pre-built one.
3. Build some physical mode executable named such as "phy_mode"
4. Boot kernel compiled in step 1.
5. Load physical mode executable with /sbin/kexec. The shell command
line can be as follow:
/sbin/kexec --load-preserve-context --args-none phy_mode
6. Call physical mode executable with following shell command line:
/sbin/kexec -e
Implementation point:
To support jumping without reserving memory. One shadow backup page (source
page) is allocated for each page used by kexeced code image (destination
page). When do kexec_load, the image of kexeced code is loaded into source
pages, and before executing, the destination pages and the source pages are
swapped, so the contents of destination pages are backupped. Before jumping
to the kexeced code image and after jumping back to the original kernel, the
destination pages and the source pages are swapped too.
C ABI (calling convention) is used as communication protocol between
kernel and called code.
A flag named KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT for sys_kexec_load is added to
indicate that the loaded kernel image is used for jumping back.
Now, only the i386 architecture is supported.
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Conflicts:
arch/x86/kernel/entry_32.S
arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c
arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
arch/x86/lib/Makefile
include/asm-x86/irqflags.h
kernel/Makefile
kernel/sched.c
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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disable the tracer while kexec pulls the rug from under the old
kernel.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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I can't see any reason to keep these semicolons.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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This patch fixes the configuration dependencies in the vmcoreinfo data.
i386's "node_data" is defined in arch/x86/mm/discontig_32.c,
and x86_64's one is defined in arch/x86/mm/numa_64.c.
They depend on CONFIG_NUMA:
arch/x86/mm/Makefile_32:7
obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA) += discontig_32.o
arch/x86/mm/Makefile_64:7
obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA) += numa_64.o
ia64's "pgdat_list" is defined in arch/ia64/mm/discontig.c,
and it depends on CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM and CONFIG_SPARSEMEM:
arch/ia64/mm/Makefile:9-10
obj-$(CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM) += discontig.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM) += discontig.o
ia64's "node_memblk" is defined in arch/ia64/mm/numa.c,
and it depends on CONFIG_NUMA:
arch/ia64/mm/Makefile:8
obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA) += numa.o
Signed-off-by: Ken'ichi Ohmichi <oomichi@mxs.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch unifies struct desc_ptr between i386 and x86_64.
They can be expressed in the exact same way in C code, only
having to change the name of one of them. As Xgt_desc_struct
is ugly and big, this is the one that goes away.
There's also a padding field in i386, but it is not really
needed in the C structure definition.
Signed-off-by: Glauber de Oliveira Costa <gcosta@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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This patch removes the crashkernel parsing from
arch/i386/kernel/machine_kexec.c and calls the generic function, introduced in
the last patch, in setup_bootmem_allocator().
This is necessary because the amount of System RAM must be known in this
function now because of the new syntax.
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add a prefix "VMCOREINFO_" to the vmcoreinfo macros. Old vmcoreinfo macros
were defined as generic names SYMBOL/SIZE/OFFSET /LENGTH/CONFIG, and it is
impossible to grep for them. So these names should be changed. This
discussion is the following:
http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0709.1/0415.html
Signed-off-by: Ken'ichi Ohmichi <oomichi@mxs.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch set frees the restriction that makedumpfile users should install a
vmlinux file (including the debugging information) into each system.
makedumpfile command is the dump filtering feature for kdump. It creates a
small dumpfile by filtering unnecessary pages for the analysis. To
distinguish unnecessary pages, it needs a vmlinux file including the debugging
information. These days, the debugging package becomes a huge file, and it is
hard to install it into each system.
To solve the problem, kdump developers discussed it at lkml and kexec-ml. As
the result, we reached the conclusion that necessary information for dump
filtering (called "vmcoreinfo") should be embedded into the first kernel file
and it should be accessed through /proc/vmcore during the second kernel.
(http://www.uwsg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0707.0/1806.html)
Dan Aloni created the patch set for the above implementation.
(http://www.uwsg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0707.1/1053.html)
And I updated it for multi architectures and memory models.
(http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/kexec/2007-August/000479.html)
Signed-off-by: Dan Aloni <da-x@monatomic.org>
Signed-off-by: Ken'ichi Ohmichi <oomichi@mxs.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Since the x86 merge, lots of files that referenced their own filenames
are no longer correct. Rather than keep them up to date, just delete
them, as they add no real value.
Additionally:
- fix up comment formatting in scx200_32.c
- Remove a credit from myself in setup_64.c from a time when we had no SCM
- remove longwinded history from tsc_32.c which can be figured out from
git.
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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