fancontrol - automated software based fan speed regulation


Introduction

fancontrol is a shellscript for use with lm_sensors. It reads its
configuration from a file, then calculates fan speeds from temperatures and
sets the corresponding pwm outputs to the computed values.  It is included in
lm_sensors since version 2.8.0. For easy configuration, there's a script
named pwmconfig which lets you interactively write your configuration file for
fancontrol. Alternatively you can write this file yourself using the
information from the configuration section of this document.

Please be careful when using the fan control features of your mainboard, in
addition to the risk of burning your CPU, at higher temperatures there will be
a higher wearout of your other hardware components, too. So if you plan to use
these components in 50 years, _maybe_ you shouldn't use fancontrol/your
hardware at all.  Also please keep in mind most fans aren't designed to be
powered by a PWMed voltage, for more detailed information on this I recommend
this appnote: http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/707
In practice it doesn't seem to be a major issue, the fans will get slightly
warmer, just be sure to have a temperature alarm and/or shutdown call, in case
some fan fails, because you probably won't hear it anymore ;)

Configuration

Since most of you are going to use the pwmconfig script, the config
file syntax will be discussed last. First I'm going to describe the various
variables available for changing fancontrol's behaviour:

INTERVAL
	This variable defines at which interval in seconds the main loop of
	fancontrol will be executed

FCTEMPS
	Maps pwm outputs to temperature sensors so fancontrol knows which
	temperature sensors should be used for calculation of new values for
	the corresponding pwm outputs.

FCFANS
	FCFANS records the association between a pwm and a fan.
	Then fancontrol can check the fan speed and restart it if it
	stops unexpectedly.

MINTEMP
	The temperature below which the fan gets switched to minimum speed.

MAXTEMP
	The temperature over which the fan gets switched to maximum speed.

MINSTART
	Sets the minimum speed at which the fan begins spinning. You should
	use a safe value to be sure it works, even when the fan gets old.

MINSTOP
	The minimum speed at which the fan still spins. Use a safe value here,
	too.

MINPWM
	The PWM value to use when the temperature is below MINTEMP.
	Typically, this will be either 0 if it is OK for the fan to plain
	stop, or the same value as MINSTOP if you don't want the fan to
	ever stop.
	If this value isn't defined, it defaults to 0 (stopped fan).

MAXPWM
	The PWM value to use when the temperature is over MAXTEMP.
	If this value isn't defined, it defaults to 255 (full speed).

A graph might help you understand how the different values relate
to each other:

    PWM ^
    255 +
        |
        |
        |                             ,-------------- MAXPWM
        |                           ,'.
        |                         ,'  .
        |                       ,'    .
        |                     ,'      .
        |                   ,'        .
        |                 ,'          .
        |       MINSTOP .'            .
        |               |             .
        |               |             .
        |               |             .
 MINPWM |---------------'             .
        |               .             .
        |               .             .
        |               .             .
      0 +---------------+-------------+---------------->
                     MINTEMP       MAXTEMP            t (degree C)

The configuration file format is a bit strange:

VARIABLE=chip/pwmdev=value chip/pwmdev2=value2 [...]
VARIABLE2=[...]

Each variable has its own line. The variable name is followed by an equal sign
and the device=value pairs. These consist of the path to the pwm output for
which the value is valid, equal sign followed by the value and are separated
by a blank. Path can be absolute or relative (from /sys/bus/i2c/devices or
/sys/class/hwmon depending on the kernel version).

Example:

MINTEMP=hwmon0/device/pwm1=40 hwmon0/device/pwm2=54

You have to play with the temperature values a bit to get happy. For initial
setup I recommend using the pwmconfig script. Small changes can be made by
editing the config file directly following the rules above.


The algorithm

fancontrol first reads its configuration, writes it to arrays and loops its
main function.  This function gets the temperatures and fanspeeds from
kernel driver files and calculates new speeds depending on temperature
changes, but only if the temp is between MINTEMP and MAXTEMP. After that, the
new values are written to the pwm outputs.  The pwm value increases
linearly with rising temperature.


Planned features

rc-scripts for some gnu/linux-distributions
smoother regulation (temp interpolation)
gui for configuration

If you have other wishes or want to contribute something, please let me know:
marius.reiner${AT}hdev.de