"Re-factor the code for post-join operations".

The patch mainly contains the code ported from mysql-5.6 and
created for two essential architectural changes:
1. WL#5558: Resolve ORDER BY execution method at the optimization stage
2. WL#6071: Inline tmp tables into the nested loops algorithm

The first task was implemented for mysql-5.6 by Ole John Aske.
It allows to make all decisions on ORDER BY operation at the optimization
stage.

The second task implemented for mysql-5.6 by Evgeny Potemkin adds JOIN_TAB
nodes for post-join operations that require temporary tables. It allows
to execute these operations within the nested loops algorithm that used to
be used before this task only for join queries. Besides these task moves
all planning on the execution of these operations from the execution phase
to the optimization phase.

Some other re-factoring changes of mysql-5.6 were pulled in, mainly because
it was easier to pull them in than roll them back. In particular all
changes concerning Ref_ptr_array were incorporated.

The port required some changes in the MariaDB code that concerned the
functionality of EXPLAIN and ANALYZE. This was done mainly by Sergey
Petrunia.

MDEV-9408 CREATE TABLE SELECT MAX(int_column) creates different columns for table vs view

There were three almost identical pieces of the code:
- Field *Item_func::tmp_table_field();
- Field *Item_sum::create_tmp_field();
- Field *create_tmp_field_from_item();
with a difference in very small details (hence the bugs):
Only Item_func::tmp_table_field() was correct, the other two were not.
Removing the two incorrect pieces of the redundant code.
Joining these three functions/methods into a single virtual method
Item::create_tmp_field().
Additionally, moving Item::make_string_field() and
Item::tmp_table_field_from_field_type() from the public into the
protected section of the class declaration, as they are now not
needed outside of Item.

NOT NULL constraint must be checked *after* the BEFORE triggers.
That is for INSERT and UPDATE statements even NOT NULL fields
must be able to store a NULL temporarily at least while
BEFORE INSERT/UPDATE triggers are running.

* move common code to a new set_bad_null_error() function
* move repeated comparison out of the loop
* remove unused code
  * unused method Table_triggers_list::set_table
  * redundant condition (if (table) after table was dereferenced)
* add an assert

and don't set Create_field->sql_type to MYSQL_TYPE_VIRTUAL
temporarily only to change it again few lines later.