MDEV-11520 Extending an InnoDB data file unnecessarily allocates

a large memory buffer on Windows

fil_extend_space_to_desired_size(), os_file_set_size(): Use calloc()
for memory allocation, and handle failures. Properly check the return
status of posix_fallocate(), and pass the correct arguments to
posix_fallocate().

On Windows, instead of extending the file by at most 1 megabyte at a time,
write a zero-filled page at the end of the file.
According to the Microsoft blog post
https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20110922-00/?p=9573
this will physically extend the file by writing zero bytes.
(InnoDB never uses DeviceIoControl() to set the file sparse.)

I tested that the file extension works properly with a multi-file
system tablespace, both with --innodb-use-fallocate and
--skip-innodb-use-fallocate (the default):

./mtr \
--mysqld=--innodb-use-fallocate \
--mysqld=--innodb-autoextend-increment=1 \
--mysqld=--innodb-data-file-path='ibdata1:5M;ibdata2:5M:autoextend' \
--parallel=auto --force --retry=0 --suite=innodb &

ls -lsh mysql-test/var/*/mysqld.1/data/ibdata2
(several samples while running the test)

4 files changed, 153 insertions, 201 deletions

diff --git a/storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc b/storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc
index 9d471f9dbd3..874997cb005 100644
--- a/storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc
+++ b/storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*****************************************************************************
 
 Copyright (c) 1995, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2014, 2017, MariaDB Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
 
 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -4953,15 +4954,12 @@ fil_extend_space_to_desired_size(
 	byte*		buf;
 	ulint		buf_size;
 	ulint		start_page_no;
-	ulint		file_start_page_no;
 	ulint		page_size;
-	ulint		pages_added;
 	ibool		success;
 
 	ut_ad(!srv_read_only_mode);
 
 retry:
-	pages_added = 0;
 	success = TRUE;
 
 	fil_mutex_enter_and_prepare_for_io(space_id);
@@ -5015,29 +5013,29 @@ retry:
 	mutex_exit(&fil_system->mutex);
 
 	start_page_no = space->size;
-	file_start_page_no = space->size - node->size;
-
+	const ulint	file_start_page_no = space->size - node->size;
 #ifdef HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
 	if (srv_use_posix_fallocate) {
-		os_offset_t	start_offset = start_page_no * page_size;
-		os_offset_t	n_pages = (size_after_extend - start_page_no);
-		os_offset_t	len = n_pages * page_size;
-
-		if (posix_fallocate(node->handle, start_offset, len) == -1) {
-			ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "preallocating file "
-				"space for file \'%s\' failed.  Current size "
-				INT64PF ", desired size " INT64PF "\n",
-				node->name, start_offset, len+start_offset);
-			os_file_handle_error_no_exit(node->name, "posix_fallocate", FALSE);
-			success = FALSE;
-		} else {
-			success = TRUE;
+		os_offset_t	start_offset
+			= (start_page_no - file_start_page_no) * page_size;
+		ulint		n_pages = size_after_extend - start_page_no;
+		os_offset_t	len = os_offset_t(n_pages) * page_size;
+
+		int err = posix_fallocate(node->handle, start_offset, len);
+		success = !err;
+		if (!success) {
+			ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "extending file %s"
+				" from " INT64PF " to " INT64PF " bytes"
+				" failed with error %d",
+				node->name, start_offset, len + start_offset,
+				err);
 		}
 
 		DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("ib_os_aio_func_io_failure_28",
-			success = FALSE; errno = 28; os_has_said_disk_full = TRUE;);
+			success = FALSE; os_has_said_disk_full = TRUE;);
 
 		mutex_enter(&fil_system->mutex);
+
 		if (success) {
 			node->size += n_pages;
 			space->size += n_pages;
@@ -5054,14 +5052,24 @@ retry:
 	}
 #endif
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+	/* Write 1 page of zeroes at the desired end. */
+	start_page_no = size_after_extend - 1;
+	buf_size = page_size;
+#else
 	/* Extend at most 64 pages at a time */
 	buf_size = ut_min(64, size_after_extend - start_page_no) * page_size;
-	buf2 = static_cast<byte*>(mem_alloc(buf_size + page_size));
+#endif
+	buf2 = static_cast<byte*>(calloc(1, buf_size + page_size));
+	if (!buf2) {
+		ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Cannot allocate " ULINTPF
+			" bytes to extend file",
+			buf_size + page_size);
+		success = FALSE;
+	}
 	buf = static_cast<byte*>(ut_align(buf2, page_size));
 
-	memset(buf, 0, buf_size);
-
-	while (start_page_no < size_after_extend) {
+	while (success && start_page_no < size_after_extend) {
 		ulint		n_pages
 			= ut_min(buf_size / page_size,
 				 size_after_extend - start_page_no);
@@ -5070,56 +5078,47 @@ retry:
 			= ((os_offset_t) (start_page_no - file_start_page_no))
 			* page_size;
 
-		const char* name = node->name == NULL ? space->name : node->name;
-
 #ifdef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
-		success = os_file_write(name, node->handle, buf,
+		success = os_file_write(node->name, node->handle, buf,
 					offset, page_size * n_pages);
 #else
 		success = os_aio(OS_FILE_WRITE, OS_AIO_SYNC,
-				 name, node->handle, buf,
+				 node->name, node->handle, buf,
 				 offset, page_size * n_pages,
 				 NULL, NULL);
 #endif /* UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
 
-
 		DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("ib_os_aio_func_io_failure_28",
-			success = FALSE; errno = 28; os_has_said_disk_full = TRUE;);
-
-		if (success) {
-			os_has_said_disk_full = FALSE;
-		} else {
-			/* Let us measure the size of the file to determine
-			how much we were able to extend it */
-			os_offset_t	size;
-
-			size = os_file_get_size(node->handle);
-			ut_a(size != (os_offset_t) -1);
+			success = FALSE; os_has_said_disk_full = TRUE;);
 
-			n_pages = ((ulint) (size / page_size))
-				- node->size - pages_added;
+		/* Let us measure the size of the file to determine
+		how much we were able to extend it */
+		os_offset_t	size = os_file_get_size(node->handle);
+		ut_a(size != (os_offset_t) -1);
 
-			pages_added += n_pages;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		start_page_no += n_pages;
-		pages_added += n_pages;
+		start_page_no = (ulint) (size / page_size)
+			+ file_start_page_no;
 	}
 
-	mem_free(buf2);
+	free(buf2);
 
 	mutex_enter(&fil_system->mutex);
 
 	ut_a(node->being_extended);
+	ut_a(start_page_no - file_start_page_no >= node->size);
 
-	space->size += pages_added;
-	node->size += pages_added;
+	if (buf) {
+		ulint file_size = start_page_no - file_start_page_no;
+		space->size += file_size - node->size;
+		node->size = file_size;
+	}
 
 	fil_node_complete_io(node, fil_system, OS_FILE_WRITE);
 
 	/* At this point file has been extended */
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
 file_extended:
+#endif /* HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE */
 
 	node->being_extended = FALSE;
 	*actual_size = space->size;
diff --git a/storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc b/storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc
index 109865e8e30..9fdd52bf736 100644
--- a/storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc
+++ b/storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Copyright (c) 1995, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 Copyright (c) 2009, Percona Inc.
-Copyright (c) 2017, MariaDB Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2012, 2017, MariaDB Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
 
 Portions of this file contain modifications contributed and copyrighted
 by Percona Inc.. Those modifications are
@@ -2123,48 +2123,47 @@ os_file_set_size(
 	os_file_t	file,	/*!< in: handle to a file */
 	os_offset_t	size)	/*!< in: file size */
 {
-	os_offset_t	current_size;
 	ibool		ret;
 	byte*		buf;
 	byte*		buf2;
 	ulint		buf_size;
 
-	current_size = 0;
-
 #ifdef HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
 	if (srv_use_posix_fallocate) {
-
-		if (posix_fallocate(file, current_size, size) == -1) {
-
-			fprintf(stderr, "InnoDB: Error: preallocating file "
-				"space for file \'%s\' failed.  Current size "
-				"%lu, desired size %lu\n",
-				name, (long unsigned) current_size, (long unsigned) size);
-			os_file_handle_error_no_exit(name, "posix_fallocate", FALSE);
-			return(FALSE);
+		int err = posix_fallocate(file, 0, size);
+		if (err) {
+			ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
+				"preallocating " INT64PF " bytes for"
+				"file %s failed with error %d",
+				size, name, err);
 		}
-		return(TRUE);
+		return(!err);
 	}
 #endif
 
-
+#ifdef _WIN32
+	/* Write 1 page of zeroes at the desired end. */
+	buf_size = UNIV_PAGE_SIZE;
+	os_offset_t	current_size = size - buf_size;
+#else
 	/* Write up to 1 megabyte at a time. */
 	buf_size = ut_min(64, (ulint) (size / UNIV_PAGE_SIZE))
 		* UNIV_PAGE_SIZE;
-	buf2 = static_cast<byte*>(ut_malloc(buf_size + UNIV_PAGE_SIZE));
+	os_offset_t	current_size = 0;
+#endif
+	buf2 = static_cast<byte*>(calloc(1, buf_size + UNIV_PAGE_SIZE));
+
+	if (!buf2) {
+		ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
+			"Cannot allocate " ULINTPF " bytes to extend file\n",
+			buf_size + UNIV_PAGE_SIZE);
+		return(FALSE);
+	}
 
 	/* Align the buffer for possible raw i/o */
 	buf = static_cast<byte*>(ut_align(buf2, UNIV_PAGE_SIZE));
 
-	/* Write buffer full of zeros */
-	memset(buf, 0, buf_size);
-
-	if (size >= (os_offset_t) 100 << 20) {
-
-		fprintf(stderr, "InnoDB: Progress in MB:");
-	}
-
-	while (current_size < size) {
+	do {
 		ulint	n_bytes;
 
 		if (size - current_size < (os_offset_t) buf_size) {
@@ -2175,37 +2174,15 @@ os_file_set_size(
 
 		ret = os_file_write(name, file, buf, current_size, n_bytes);
 		if (!ret) {
-			ut_free(buf2);
-			goto error_handling;
-		}
-
-		/* Print about progress for each 100 MB written */
-		if ((current_size + n_bytes) / (100 << 20)
-		    != current_size / (100 << 20)) {
-
-			fprintf(stderr, " %lu00",
-				(ulong) ((current_size + n_bytes)
-					 / (100 << 20)));
+			break;
 		}
 
 		current_size += n_bytes;
-	}
+	} while (current_size < size);
 
-	if (size >= (os_offset_t) 100 << 20) {
-
-		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-	}
+	free(buf2);
 
-	ut_free(buf2);
-
-	ret = os_file_flush(file);
-
-	if (ret) {
-		return(TRUE);
-	}
-
-error_handling:
-	return(FALSE);
+	return(ret && os_file_flush(file));
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************//**
diff --git a/storage/xtradb/fil/fil0fil.cc b/storage/xtradb/fil/fil0fil.cc
index a7b0377d2a4..de6eef8f1d0 100644
--- a/storage/xtradb/fil/fil0fil.cc
+++ b/storage/xtradb/fil/fil0fil.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*****************************************************************************
 
 Copyright (c) 1995, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2014, 2017, MariaDB Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
 
 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -4993,15 +4994,12 @@ fil_extend_space_to_desired_size(
 	byte*		buf;
 	ulint		buf_size;
 	ulint		start_page_no;
-	ulint		file_start_page_no;
 	ulint		page_size;
-	ulint		pages_added;
 	ibool		success;
 
 	ut_ad(!srv_read_only_mode);
 
 retry:
-	pages_added = 0;
 	success = TRUE;
 
 	fil_mutex_enter_and_prepare_for_io(space_id);
@@ -5055,27 +5053,26 @@ retry:
 	mutex_exit(&fil_system->mutex);
 
 	start_page_no = space->size;
-	file_start_page_no = space->size - node->size;
-
+	const ulint	file_start_page_no = space->size - node->size;
 #ifdef HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
 	if (srv_use_posix_fallocate) {
-		os_offset_t	start_offset = start_page_no * page_size;
-		os_offset_t	n_pages = (size_after_extend - start_page_no);
-		os_offset_t	len = n_pages * page_size;
-
-		if (posix_fallocate(node->handle, start_offset, len) == -1) {
-			ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "preallocating file "
-				"space for file \'%s\' failed.  Current size "
-				INT64PF ", desired size " INT64PF,
-				node->name, start_offset, len+start_offset);
-			os_file_handle_error_no_exit(node->name, "posix_fallocate", FALSE);
-			success = FALSE;
-		} else {
-			success = TRUE;
+		os_offset_t	start_offset
+			= (start_page_no - file_start_page_no) * page_size;
+		ulint		n_pages = size_after_extend - start_page_no;
+		os_offset_t	len = os_offset_t(n_pages) * page_size;
+
+		int err = posix_fallocate(node->handle, start_offset, len);
+		success = !err;
+		if (!success) {
+			ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "extending file %s"
+				" from " INT64PF " to " INT64PF " bytes"
+				" failed with error %d",
+				node->name, start_offset, len + start_offset,
+				err);
 		}
 
 		DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("ib_os_aio_func_io_failure_28",
-			success = FALSE; errno = 28;os_has_said_disk_full = TRUE;);
+			success = FALSE; os_has_said_disk_full = TRUE;);
 
 		mutex_enter(&fil_system->mutex);
 
@@ -5095,14 +5092,24 @@ retry:
 	}
 #endif
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+	/* Write 1 page of zeroes at the desired end. */
+	start_page_no = size_after_extend - 1;
+	buf_size = page_size;
+#else
 	/* Extend at most 64 pages at a time */
 	buf_size = ut_min(64, size_after_extend - start_page_no) * page_size;
-	buf2 = static_cast<byte*>(mem_alloc(buf_size + page_size));
+#endif
+	buf2 = static_cast<byte*>(calloc(1, buf_size + page_size));
+	if (!buf2) {
+		ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Cannot allocate " ULINTPF
+			" bytes to extend file",
+			buf_size + page_size);
+		success = FALSE;
+	}
 	buf = static_cast<byte*>(ut_align(buf2, page_size));
 
-	memset(buf, 0, buf_size);
-
-	while (start_page_no < size_after_extend) {
+	while (success && start_page_no < size_after_extend) {
 		ulint		n_pages
 			= ut_min(buf_size / page_size,
 				 size_after_extend - start_page_no);
@@ -5111,55 +5118,47 @@ retry:
 			= ((os_offset_t) (start_page_no - file_start_page_no))
 			* page_size;
 
-		const char* name = node->name == NULL ? space->name : node->name;
-
 #ifdef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
-		success = os_file_write(name, node->handle, buf,
+		success = os_file_write(node->name, node->handle, buf,
 					offset, page_size * n_pages);
 #else
 		success = os_aio(OS_FILE_WRITE, OS_AIO_SYNC,
-				 name, node->handle, buf,
+				 node->name, node->handle, buf,
 				 offset, page_size * n_pages,
 				 NULL, NULL, space_id, NULL);
 #endif /* UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
 
 		DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("ib_os_aio_func_io_failure_28",
-			success = FALSE; errno = 28; os_has_said_disk_full = TRUE;);
+			success = FALSE; os_has_said_disk_full = TRUE;);
 
-		if (success) {
-			os_has_said_disk_full = FALSE;
-		} else {
-			/* Let us measure the size of the file to determine
-			how much we were able to extend it */
-			os_offset_t	size;
-
-			size = os_file_get_size(node->handle);
-			ut_a(size != (os_offset_t) -1);
-
-			n_pages = ((ulint) (size / page_size))
-				- node->size - pages_added;
+		/* Let us measure the size of the file to determine
+		how much we were able to extend it */
+		os_offset_t	size = os_file_get_size(node->handle);
+		ut_a(size != (os_offset_t) -1);
 
-			pages_added += n_pages;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		start_page_no += n_pages;
-		pages_added += n_pages;
+		start_page_no = (ulint) (size / page_size)
+			+ file_start_page_no;
 	}
 
-	mem_free(buf2);
+	free(buf2);
 
 	mutex_enter(&fil_system->mutex);
 
 	ut_a(node->being_extended);
+	ut_a(start_page_no - file_start_page_no >= node->size);
 
-	space->size += pages_added;
-	node->size += pages_added;
+	if (buf) {
+		ulint file_size = start_page_no - file_start_page_no;
+		space->size += file_size - node->size;
+		node->size = file_size;
+	}
 
 	fil_node_complete_io(node, fil_system, OS_FILE_WRITE);
 
 	/* At this point file has been extended */
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
 file_extended:
+#endif /* HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE */
 
 	node->being_extended = FALSE;
 	*actual_size = space->size;
diff --git a/storage/xtradb/os/os0file.cc b/storage/xtradb/os/os0file.cc
index bf957d24ea7..5e7a0251a00 100644
--- a/storage/xtradb/os/os0file.cc
+++ b/storage/xtradb/os/os0file.cc
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Copyright (c) 1995, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 Copyright (c) 2009, Percona Inc.
-Copyright (c) 2017, MariaDB Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2013, 2017, MariaDB Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
 
 Portions of this file contain modifications contributed and copyrighted
 by Percona Inc.. Those modifications are
@@ -2341,48 +2341,47 @@ os_file_set_size(
 	os_file_t	file,	/*!< in: handle to a file */
 	os_offset_t	size)	/*!< in: file size */
 {
-	os_offset_t	current_size;
 	ibool		ret;
 	byte*		buf;
 	byte*		buf2;
 	ulint		buf_size;
 
-	current_size = 0;
-
 #ifdef HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
 	if (srv_use_posix_fallocate) {
-
-		if (posix_fallocate(file, current_size, size) == -1) {
-
-			ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "preallocating file "
-				"space for file \'%s\' failed.  Current size "
-				INT64PF ", desired size " INT64PF,
-				name, current_size, size);
-			os_file_handle_error_no_exit (name, "posix_fallocate",
-						      FALSE);
-			return(FALSE);
+		int err = posix_fallocate(file, 0, size);
+		if (err) {
+			ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
+				"preallocating " INT64PF " bytes for"
+				"file %s failed with error %d",
+				size, name, err);
 		}
-		return(TRUE);
+		return(!err);
 	}
 #endif
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+	/* Write 1 page of zeroes at the desired end. */
+	buf_size = UNIV_PAGE_SIZE;
+	os_offset_t	current_size = size - buf_size;
+#else
 	/* Write up to 1 megabyte at a time. */
 	buf_size = ut_min(64, (ulint) (size / UNIV_PAGE_SIZE))
 		* UNIV_PAGE_SIZE;
-	buf2 = static_cast<byte*>(ut_malloc(buf_size + UNIV_PAGE_SIZE));
+	os_offset_t	current_size = 0;
+#endif
+	buf2 = static_cast<byte*>(calloc(1, buf_size + UNIV_PAGE_SIZE));
+
+	if (!buf2) {
+		ib_logf(IB_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
+			"Cannot allocate " ULINTPF " bytes to extend file\n",
+			buf_size + UNIV_PAGE_SIZE);
+		return(FALSE);
+	}
 
 	/* Align the buffer for possible raw i/o */
 	buf = static_cast<byte*>(ut_align(buf2, UNIV_PAGE_SIZE));
 
-	/* Write buffer full of zeros */
-	memset(buf, 0, buf_size);
-
-	if (size >= (os_offset_t) 100 << 20) {
-
-		fprintf(stderr, "InnoDB: Progress in MB:");
-	}
-
-	while (current_size < size) {
+	do {
 		ulint	n_bytes;
 
 		if (size - current_size < (os_offset_t) buf_size) {
@@ -2393,37 +2392,15 @@ os_file_set_size(
 
 		ret = os_file_write(name, file, buf, current_size, n_bytes);
 		if (!ret) {
-			ut_free(buf2);
-			goto error_handling;
-		}
-
-		/* Print about progress for each 100 MB written */
-		if ((current_size + n_bytes) / (100 << 20)
-		    != current_size / (100 << 20)) {
-
-			fprintf(stderr, " %lu00",
-				(ulong) ((current_size + n_bytes)
-					 / (100 << 20)));
+			break;
 		}
 
 		current_size += n_bytes;
-	}
-
-	if (size >= (os_offset_t) 100 << 20) {
+	} while (current_size < size);
 
-		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-	}
-
-	ut_free(buf2);
-
-	ret = os_file_flush(file);
-
-	if (ret) {
-		return(TRUE);
-	}
+	free(buf2);
 
-error_handling:
-	return(FALSE);
+	return(ret && os_file_flush(file));
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************//**