Fixing a few problems with data type and metadata for INT result functions (MDEV-12852, MDEV-12853, MDEV-12869)

This is a joint patch for:
MDEV-12852 Out-of-range errors when CAST(1-2 AS UNSIGNED
MDEV-12853 Out-of-range errors when CAST('-1' AS UNSIGNED
MDEV-12869 Wrong metadata for integer additive and multiplicative operators

1. Fixing all Item_func_numhybrid descendants to set the precise
   data type handler (type_handler_long or type_handler_longlong)
   at fix_fields() time. This fixes MDEV-12869.

2. Fixing Item_func_unsigned_typecast to set the precise data type handler
   at fix_fields() time. This fixes MDEV-12852 and MDEV-12853.
   This is done by:
   - fixing Type_handler::Item_func_unsigned_fix_length_and_dec()
     and Type_handler_string_result::Item_func_unsigned_fix_length_and_dec()
     to properly detect situations when a negative epxression is converted
     to UNSIGNED. In this case, length of the result is now always set to
     MAX_BIGINT_WIDTH without trying to use args[0]->max_length, as very
     short arguments can produce very long result in such conversion:
        CAST(-1 AS UNSIGNED) -> 18446744073709551614
   - adding a new virtual method "longlong Item::val_int_max() const",
     to preserve the old behavior for expressions like this:
        CAST(1 AS UNSIGNED)
     to stay under the INT data type (instead of BIGINT) for small
     positive integer literals. Using Item::unsigned_flag would not help,
     because Item_int does not set unsigned_flag to "true" for positive
     numbers.

3. Adding helper methods:
  * Item::type_handler_long_or_longlong()
  * Type_handler::type_handler_long_or_longlong()
  and reusing them in a few places, to reduce code duplication.

4. Making reorganation in create_tmp_field() and
   create_field_for_create_select() for Item_hybrid_func and descendants,
   to reduce duplicate code. They all now have a similar behavior in
   respect of creating fields. Only Item_func_user_var descendants have
   a different behavior. So moving the default behvior to Item_hybrid_func,
   and overriding behavior on Item_func_user_var level.

1 files changed, 204 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/mysql-test/r/metadata.result b/mysql-test/r/metadata.result
index 7e57fa74663..b4450e6925d 100644
--- a/mysql-test/r/metadata.result
+++ b/mysql-test/r/metadata.result
@@ -568,3 +568,207 @@ def	test	t1	t1	@:=1e0	@:=1e0	5	3	1	N	36865	31	63
 @:=1e0
 1
 DROP TABLE t1;
+#
+# MDEV-12869 Wrong metadata for integer additive and multiplicative operators
+#
+SELECT
+1+1,
+11+1,
+111+1,
+1111+1,
+11111+1,
+111111+1,
+1111111+1,
+11111111+1,
+111111111+1 LIMIT 0;
+Catalog	Database	Table	Table_alias	Column	Column_alias	Type	Length	Max length	Is_null	Flags	Decimals	Charsetnr
+def					1+1	3	3	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					11+1	3	4	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					111+1	3	5	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					1111+1	3	6	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					11111+1	3	7	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					111111+1	3	8	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					1111111+1	3	9	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					11111111+1	8	10	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					111111111+1	8	11	0	N	32897	0	63
+1+1	11+1	111+1	1111+1	11111+1	111111+1	1111111+1	11111111+1	111111111+1
+SELECT
+1-1,
+11-1,
+111-1,
+1111-1,
+11111-1,
+111111-1,
+1111111-1,
+11111111-1,
+111111111-1 LIMIT 0;
+Catalog	Database	Table	Table_alias	Column	Column_alias	Type	Length	Max length	Is_null	Flags	Decimals	Charsetnr
+def					1-1	3	3	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					11-1	3	4	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					111-1	3	5	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					1111-1	3	6	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					11111-1	3	7	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					111111-1	3	8	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					1111111-1	3	9	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					11111111-1	8	10	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					111111111-1	8	11	0	N	32897	0	63
+1-1	11-1	111-1	1111-1	11111-1	111111-1	1111111-1	11111111-1	111111111-1
+SELECT
+1*1,
+11*1,
+111*1,
+1111*1,
+11111*1,
+111111*1,
+1111111*1,
+11111111*1,
+111111111*1 LIMIT 0;
+Catalog	Database	Table	Table_alias	Column	Column_alias	Type	Length	Max length	Is_null	Flags	Decimals	Charsetnr
+def					1*1	3	3	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					11*1	3	4	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					111*1	3	5	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					1111*1	3	6	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					11111*1	3	7	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					111111*1	3	8	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					1111111*1	3	9	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					11111111*1	8	10	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					111111111*1	8	11	0	N	32897	0	63
+1*1	11*1	111*1	1111*1	11111*1	111111*1	1111111*1	11111111*1	111111111*1
+SELECT
+1 MOD 1,
+11 MOD 1,
+111 MOD 1,
+1111 MOD 1,
+11111 MOD 1,
+111111 MOD 1,
+1111111 MOD 1,
+11111111 MOD 1,
+111111111 MOD 1,
+1111111111 MOD 1,
+11111111111 MOD 1 LIMIT 0;
+Catalog	Database	Table	Table_alias	Column	Column_alias	Type	Length	Max length	Is_null	Flags	Decimals	Charsetnr
+def					1 MOD 1	3	1	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					11 MOD 1	3	2	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					111 MOD 1	3	3	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					1111 MOD 1	3	4	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					11111 MOD 1	3	5	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					111111 MOD 1	3	6	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					1111111 MOD 1	3	7	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					11111111 MOD 1	3	8	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					111111111 MOD 1	3	9	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					1111111111 MOD 1	8	10	0	Y	32896	0	63
+def					11111111111 MOD 1	8	11	0	Y	32896	0	63
+1 MOD 1	11 MOD 1	111 MOD 1	1111 MOD 1	11111 MOD 1	111111 MOD 1	1111111 MOD 1	11111111 MOD 1	111111111 MOD 1	1111111111 MOD 1	11111111111 MOD 1
+SELECT
+-(1),
+-(11),
+-(111),
+-(1111),
+-(11111),
+-(111111),
+-(1111111),
+-(11111111),
+-(111111111) LIMIT 0;
+Catalog	Database	Table	Table_alias	Column	Column_alias	Type	Length	Max length	Is_null	Flags	Decimals	Charsetnr
+def					-(1)	3	2	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					-(11)	3	3	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					-(111)	3	4	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					-(1111)	3	5	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					-(11111)	3	6	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					-(111111)	3	7	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					-(1111111)	3	8	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					-(11111111)	3	9	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					-(111111111)	8	10	0	N	32897	0	63
+-(1)	-(11)	-(111)	-(1111)	-(11111)	-(111111)	-(1111111)	-(11111111)	-(111111111)
+SELECT
+ABS(1),
+ABS(11),
+ABS(111),
+ABS(1111),
+ABS(11111),
+ABS(111111),
+ABS(1111111),
+ABS(11111111),
+ABS(111111111),
+ABS(1111111111) LIMIT 0;
+Catalog	Database	Table	Table_alias	Column	Column_alias	Type	Length	Max length	Is_null	Flags	Decimals	Charsetnr
+def					ABS(1)	3	1	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ABS(11)	3	2	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ABS(111)	3	3	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ABS(1111)	3	4	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ABS(11111)	3	5	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ABS(111111)	3	6	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ABS(1111111)	3	7	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ABS(11111111)	3	8	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ABS(111111111)	3	9	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ABS(1111111111)	8	10	0	N	32897	0	63
+ABS(1)	ABS(11)	ABS(111)	ABS(1111)	ABS(11111)	ABS(111111)	ABS(1111111)	ABS(11111111)	ABS(111111111)	ABS(1111111111)
+SELECT
+CEILING(1),
+CEILING(11),
+CEILING(111),
+CEILING(1111),
+CEILING(11111),
+CEILING(111111),
+CEILING(1111111),
+CEILING(11111111),
+CEILING(111111111),
+CEILING(1111111111) LIMIT 0;
+Catalog	Database	Table	Table_alias	Column	Column_alias	Type	Length	Max length	Is_null	Flags	Decimals	Charsetnr
+def					CEILING(1)	3	3	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					CEILING(11)	3	4	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					CEILING(111)	3	5	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					CEILING(1111)	3	6	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					CEILING(11111)	3	7	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					CEILING(111111)	3	8	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					CEILING(1111111)	3	9	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					CEILING(11111111)	8	10	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					CEILING(111111111)	8	11	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					CEILING(1111111111)	8	12	0	N	32897	0	63
+CEILING(1)	CEILING(11)	CEILING(111)	CEILING(1111)	CEILING(11111)	CEILING(111111)	CEILING(1111111)	CEILING(11111111)	CEILING(111111111)	CEILING(1111111111)
+SELECT
+FLOOR(1),
+FLOOR(11),
+FLOOR(111),
+FLOOR(1111),
+FLOOR(11111),
+FLOOR(111111),
+FLOOR(1111111),
+FLOOR(11111111),
+FLOOR(111111111),
+FLOOR(1111111111) LIMIT 0;
+Catalog	Database	Table	Table_alias	Column	Column_alias	Type	Length	Max length	Is_null	Flags	Decimals	Charsetnr
+def					FLOOR(1)	3	3	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					FLOOR(11)	3	4	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					FLOOR(111)	3	5	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					FLOOR(1111)	3	6	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					FLOOR(11111)	3	7	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					FLOOR(111111)	3	8	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					FLOOR(1111111)	3	9	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					FLOOR(11111111)	8	10	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					FLOOR(111111111)	8	11	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					FLOOR(1111111111)	8	12	0	N	32897	0	63
+FLOOR(1)	FLOOR(11)	FLOOR(111)	FLOOR(1111)	FLOOR(11111)	FLOOR(111111)	FLOOR(1111111)	FLOOR(11111111)	FLOOR(111111111)	FLOOR(1111111111)
+SELECT
+ROUND(1),
+ROUND(11),
+ROUND(111),
+ROUND(1111),
+ROUND(11111),
+ROUND(111111),
+ROUND(1111111),
+ROUND(11111111),
+ROUND(111111111),
+ROUND(1111111111) LIMIT 0;
+Catalog	Database	Table	Table_alias	Column	Column_alias	Type	Length	Max length	Is_null	Flags	Decimals	Charsetnr
+def					ROUND(1)	3	1	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ROUND(11)	3	2	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ROUND(111)	3	3	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ROUND(1111)	3	4	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ROUND(11111)	3	5	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ROUND(111111)	3	6	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ROUND(1111111)	3	7	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ROUND(11111111)	3	8	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ROUND(111111111)	3	9	0	N	32897	0	63
+def					ROUND(1111111111)	8	10	0	N	32897	0	63
+ROUND(1)	ROUND(11)	ROUND(111)	ROUND(1111)	ROUND(11111)	ROUND(111111)	ROUND(1111111)	ROUND(11111111)	ROUND(111111111)	ROUND(1111111111)