MWL#17: Table-elimination

- Addressing review feedback, generation 4.

include/my_global.h:
  Make ALIGN_PTR's action correspond to that of ALIGN_SIZE
sql/item.cc:
  MWL#17: Table-elimination
  - Review feedback: function renames, better comments
sql/item.h:
  MWL#17: Table-elimination
  - Review feedback: function renames, better comments
sql/item_cmpfunc.cc:
  MWL#17: Table-elimination
  - Review feedback: function renames, better comments
sql/item_subselect.cc:
  MWL#17: Table-elimination
  - Review feedback: function renames, better comments
sql/item_subselect.h:
  MWL#17: Table-elimination
  - Review feedback: function renames, better comments
sql/opt_table_elimination.cc:
  MWL#17: Table-elimination
  - Addressing review feedback, generation 4: abstract everything in case
    we would need to change it for something else in the future.
sql/sql_list.h:
  MWL#17: Table-elimination
  - Introduce exchange_sort(List<T> ...) template function
sql/sql_select.cc:
  MWL#17: Table-elimination
  - Review feedback: function renames, better comments

1 files changed, 1027 insertions, 749 deletions

diff --git a/sql/opt_table_elimination.cc b/sql/opt_table_elimination.cc
index 6c517fa7842..832a6358b65 100644
--- a/sql/opt_table_elimination.cc
+++ b/sql/opt_table_elimination.cc
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@
       
       tblX.columnY= expr 
     
-    where expr is functionally-depdendent.
+    where expr is functionally depdendent. expr is functionally dependent when 
+    all columns that it refers to are functionally dependent.
 
   These relationships are modeled as a bipartite directed graph that has
   dependencies as edges and two kinds of nodes:
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@
   (their expressions are either constant or depend only on tables that are
   outside of the outer join in question) and performns a breadth-first
   traversal. If we reach the outer join nest node, it means outer join is
-  functionally-dependant and can be eliminated. Otherwise it cannot be.
+  functionally dependent and can be eliminated. Otherwise it cannot be.
  
   HANDLING MULTIPLE NESTED OUTER JOINS
   ====================================
@@ -174,33 +175,41 @@
   table t2.
 */
 
-class Value_dep;
-  class Field_value;
-  class Table_value;
+class Dep_value;
+  class Dep_value_field;
+  class Dep_value_table;
  
 
-class Module_dep;
-  class Equality_module;
-  class Outer_join_module;
-  class Key_module;
+class Dep_module;
+  class Dep_module_expr;
+  class Dep_module_goal;
+  class Dep_module_key;
 
-class Func_dep_analyzer;
+class Dep_analysis_context;
 
 
 /*
-  A value, something that can be bound or not bound. Also, values can be linked
-  in a list.
+  A value, something that can be bound or not bound. One can also iterate over 
+  unbound modules that depend on this value
 */
 
-class Value_dep : public Sql_alloc
+class Dep_value : public Sql_alloc
 {
 public:
-  Value_dep(): bound(FALSE), next(NULL) {}
-  virtual void now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Module_dep **bound_modules)=0;
-  virtual ~Value_dep(){} /* purecov: inspected */ /* stop compiler warnings */
-
+  Dep_value(): bound(FALSE) {}
+  virtual ~Dep_value(){} /* purecov: inspected */ /* stop compiler warnings */
+  
+  bool is_bound() { return bound; }
+  void make_bound() { bound= TRUE; }
+
+  /* Iteration over unbound modules that depend on this value */
+  typedef char *Iterator;
+  virtual Iterator init_unbound_modules_iter(char *buf)=0;
+  virtual Dep_module* get_next_unbound_module(Dep_analysis_context *dac,
+                                              Iterator iter) = 0;
+  static const size_t iterator_size;
+protected:
   bool bound;
-  Value_dep *next;
 };
 
 
@@ -209,70 +218,136 @@ public:
   - the field depends on its table and equalities
   - expressions that use the field are its dependencies
 */
-class Field_value : public Value_dep
+
+class Dep_value_field : public Dep_value
 {
 public:
-  Field_value(Table_value *table_arg, Field *field_arg) :
+  Dep_value_field(Dep_value_table *table_arg, Field *field_arg) :
     table(table_arg), field(field_arg)
   {}
 
-  Table_value *table; /* Table this field is from */
-  Field *field;
+  Dep_value_table *table; /* Table this field is from */
+  Field *field; /* Field this object is representing */
+  
+  /* Iteration over unbound modules that are our dependencies */
+  virtual Iterator init_unbound_modules_iter(char *buf);
+  virtual Dep_module* get_next_unbound_module(Dep_analysis_context *dac, Iterator iter);
   
+  void make_unbound_modules_iter_skip_keys(Iterator iter);
+  
+  static const size_t iterator_size;
+private:
   /* 
     Field_deps that belong to one table form a linked list, ordered by
     field_index 
   */
-  Field_value *next_table_field;
+  Dep_value_field *next_table_field;
+
   /*
-    Offset to bits in Func_dep_analyzer::expr_deps
+    Offset to bits in Dep_analysis_context::expr_deps (see comment to that 
+    member for semantics of the bits).
   */
   uint bitmap_offset;
-  
-  void now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Module_dep **bound_modules);
-  void signal_from_field_to_exprs(Func_dep_analyzer* fda, 
-                                  Module_dep **bound_modules);
+
+  class Module_iter
+  {
+  public:
+    /* if not null, return this and advance */
+    Dep_module_key *key_dep;
+    /* Otherwise, this and advance */
+    uint equality_no;
+  };
+  friend class Dep_analysis_context;
+  friend class Field_dependency_recorder; 
+  friend class Dep_value_table;
 };
 
+const size_t Dep_value_field::iterator_size=
+  ALIGN_SIZE(sizeof(Dep_value_field::Module_iter));
+
 
 /*
-  A table value. There is one Table_value object for every table that can
+  A table value. There is one Dep_value_table object for every table that can
   potentially be eliminated.
   Dependencies:
   - table depends on any of its unique keys
   - has its fields and embedding outer join as dependency
 */
-class Table_value : public Value_dep
+
+class Dep_value_table : public Dep_value
 {
 public:
-  Table_value(TABLE *table_arg) : 
+  Dep_value_table(TABLE *table_arg) : 
     table(table_arg), fields(NULL), keys(NULL)
   {}
   TABLE *table;
-  Field_value *fields; /* Ordered list of fields that belong to this table */
-  Key_module *keys; /* Ordered list of Unique keys in this table */
-  void now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Module_dep **bound_modules);
+  Dep_value_field *fields; /* Ordered list of fields that belong to this table */
+  Dep_module_key *keys; /* Ordered list of Unique keys in this table */
+
+  /* Iteration over unbound modules that are our dependencies */
+  Iterator init_unbound_modules_iter(char *buf);
+  Dep_module* get_next_unbound_module(Dep_analysis_context *dac, Iterator iter);
+
+  static const size_t iterator_size;
+private:
+  class Module_iter
+  {
+  public:
+    /* Space for field iterator */
+    char buf[Dep_value_field::iterator_size];
+    /* !NULL <=> iterating over dependenant modules of this field */
+    Dep_value_field *field_dep; 
+    bool returned_goal;
+  };
 };
 
 
+const size_t Dep_value_table::iterator_size=
+  ALIGN_SIZE(sizeof(Dep_value_table::Module_iter));
+
+const size_t Dep_value::iterator_size=
+  max(Dep_value_table::iterator_size, Dep_value_field::iterator_size);
+
+
 /*
   A 'module'. Module has unsatisfied dependencies, number of whose is stored in
-  unknown_args. Modules also can be linked together in a list.
+  unbound_args. Modules also can be linked together in a list.
 */
 
-class Module_dep : public Sql_alloc
+class Dep_module : public Sql_alloc
 {
 public:
-  virtual bool now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Value_dep **bound_modules)=0;
-  virtual ~Module_dep(){}  /* purecov: inspected */ /* stop compiler warnings */
+  virtual ~Dep_module(){}  /* purecov: inspected */ /* stop compiler warnings */
+  
+  /* Mark as bound. Currently is non-virtual and does nothing */
+  void make_bound() {};
+
   /* 
-    Used to make a linked list of elements that became bound and thus can
-    make elements that depend on them bound, too.
+    The final module will return TRUE here. When we see that TRUE was returned,
+    that will mean that functional dependency check succeeded.
   */
-  Module_dep *next; 
-  uint unknown_args;
+  virtual bool is_final () { return FALSE; }
 
-  Module_dep() : next(NULL), unknown_args(0) {}
+  /* 
+    Increment number of bound arguments. this is expected to change
+    is_applicable() from false to true after sufficient set of arguments is
+    bound.
+  */
+  void touch() { unbound_args--; }
+  bool is_applicable() { return !test(unbound_args); }
+  
+  /* Iteration over values that */
+  typedef char *Iterator;
+  virtual Iterator init_unbound_values_iter(char *buf)=0;
+  virtual Dep_value* get_next_unbound_value(Dep_analysis_context *dac, Iterator iter)=0;
+  static const size_t iterator_size;
+protected:
+  uint unbound_args;
+  
+  Dep_module() : unbound_args(0) {}
+  /* to bump unbound_args when constructing depedendencies */
+  friend class Field_dependency_recorder; 
+  friend class Dep_analysis_context;
 };
 
 
@@ -283,92 +358,139 @@ public:
    - tbl1.col1=tbl2.col2=... multi-equality.
 */
 
-class Equality_module : public Module_dep
+class Dep_module_expr : public Dep_module
 {
 public:
-  Field_value *field;
-  Item  *expression;
-  
-  List<Field_value> *mult_equal_fields;
+  Dep_value_field *field;
+  Item  *expr;
   
+  List<Dep_value_field> *mult_equal_fields;
   /* Used during condition analysis only, similar to KEYUSE::level */
   uint level;
-  bool now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Value_dep **bound_values);
+
+  Iterator init_unbound_values_iter(char *buf);
+  Dep_value* get_next_unbound_value(Dep_analysis_context *dac, Iterator iter);
+  static const size_t iterator_size;
+private:
+  class Value_iter
+  {
+  public:
+    Dep_value_field *field;
+    List_iterator<Dep_value_field> it;
+  };
 };
 
+const size_t Dep_module_expr::iterator_size=
+  ALIGN_SIZE(sizeof(Dep_module_expr::Value_iter));
+
 
 /*
-  A Unique key.
+  A Unique key
    - Unique key depends on all of its components
    - Key's table is its dependency
 */
-class Key_module: public Module_dep
+
+class Dep_module_key: public Dep_module
 {
 public:
-  Key_module(Table_value *table_arg, uint keyno_arg, uint n_parts_arg) :
+  Dep_module_key(Dep_value_table *table_arg, uint keyno_arg, uint n_parts_arg) :
     table(table_arg), keyno(keyno_arg), next_table_key(NULL)
   {
-    unknown_args= n_parts_arg;
+    unbound_args= n_parts_arg;
   }
-  Table_value *table; /* Table this key is from */
-  uint keyno;
+  Dep_value_table *table; /* Table this key is from */
+  uint keyno;  /* The index we're representing */
   /* Unique keys form a linked list, ordered by keyno */
-  Key_module *next_table_key;
-  bool now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Value_dep **bound_values);
+  Dep_module_key *next_table_key;
+  
+  Iterator init_unbound_values_iter(char *buf);
+  Dep_value* get_next_unbound_value(Dep_analysis_context *dac, Iterator iter);
+  static const size_t iterator_size;
+private:
+  class Value_iter
+  {
+  public:
+    Dep_value_table *table;
+  };
 };
 
+const size_t Dep_module_key::iterator_size= 
+  ALIGN_SIZE(sizeof(Dep_module_key::Value_iter));
+
+const size_t Dep_module::iterator_size=
+  max(Dep_module_expr::iterator_size, Dep_module_key::iterator_size);
+
 
 /*
-  An outer join nest that is subject to elimination
-  - it depends on all tables inside it
-  - has its parent outer join as dependency
+  A module that represents outer join that we're trying to eliminate. If we 
+  manage to declare this module to be bound, then outer join can be eliminated.
 */
-class Outer_join_module: public Module_dep
+
+class Dep_module_goal: public Dep_module
 {
 public:
-  Outer_join_module(uint n_children)  
+  Dep_module_goal(uint n_children)  
   {
-    unknown_args= n_children;
+    unbound_args= n_children;
+  }
+  bool is_final() { return TRUE; }
+  /* 
+    This is the goal module, so the running wave algorithm should terminate
+    once it sees that this module is applicable and should never try to apply
+    it, hence no use for unbound value iterator implementation.
+  */
+  Iterator init_unbound_values_iter(char *buf)
+  { 
+    DBUG_ASSERT(0); 
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Dep_value* get_next_unbound_value(Dep_analysis_context *dac, Iterator iter)
+  {
+    DBUG_ASSERT(0); 
+    return NULL;
   }
-  bool now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Value_dep **bound_values);
 };
 
 
 /*
   Functional dependency analyzer context
 */
-class Func_dep_analyzer
+class Dep_analysis_context
 {
 public:
-  Func_dep_analyzer(JOIN *join_arg) : join(join_arg)
-  {
-    bzero(table_deps, sizeof(table_deps));
-  }
-
-  JOIN *join; /* Join we're working on */
+  bool setup_equality_modules_deps(List<Dep_module> *bound_modules);
+  bool run_wave(List<Dep_module> *new_bound_modules);
 
   /* Tables that we're looking at eliminating */
   table_map usable_tables;
   
   /* Array of equality dependencies */
-  Equality_module *equality_mods;
+  Dep_module_expr *equality_mods;
   uint n_equality_mods; /* Number of elements in the array */
   uint n_equality_mods_alloced;
 
-  /* tablenr -> Table_value* mapping. */
-  Table_value *table_deps[MAX_KEY];
+  /* tablenr -> Dep_value_table* mapping. */
+  Dep_value_table *table_deps[MAX_KEY];
   
   /* Element for the outer join we're attempting to eliminate */
-  Outer_join_module *outer_join_dep;
+  Dep_module_goal *outer_join_dep;
 
   /* 
-    Bitmap of how expressions depend on bits. Given a Field_value object,
+    Bitmap of how expressions depend on bits. Given a Dep_value_field object,
     one can check bitmap_is_set(expr_deps, field_val->bitmap_offset + expr_no)
     to see if expression equality_mods[expr_no] depends on the given field.
   */
   MY_BITMAP expr_deps;
+  
+  Dep_value_table *create_table_value(TABLE *table);
+  Dep_value_field *get_field_value(Field *field);
+
+#ifndef DBUG_OFF
+  void dbug_print_deps();
+#endif 
 };
 
+
 void eliminate_tables(JOIN *join);
 
 static bool
@@ -383,78 +505,632 @@ bool check_func_dependency(JOIN *join,
                            List_iterator<TABLE_LIST> *it, 
                            TABLE_LIST *oj_tbl,
                            Item* cond);
-
 static 
-void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod, 
-                            uint *and_level, Item *cond);
+void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Dep_analysis_context *dac, 
+                            Dep_module_expr **eq_mod, uint *and_level, 
+                            Item *cond);
 static 
-void add_eq_mod(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod, 
-                uint and_level,
-                Item_func *cond, Item *left, Item *right);
+void check_equality(Dep_analysis_context *dac, Dep_module_expr **eq_mod, 
+                    uint and_level, Item_func *cond, Item *left, Item *right);
 static 
-Equality_module *merge_func_deps(Equality_module *start, 
-                                 Equality_module *new_fields, 
-                                 Equality_module *end, uint and_level);
-
-static Table_value *get_table_value(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, TABLE *table);
-static Field_value *get_field_value(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Field *field);
+Dep_module_expr *merge_eq_mods(Dep_module_expr *start, 
+                                 Dep_module_expr *new_fields, 
+                                 Dep_module_expr *end, uint and_level);
 static void mark_as_eliminated(JOIN *join, TABLE_LIST *tbl);
+static 
+void add_module_expr(Dep_analysis_context *dac, Dep_module_expr **eq_mod,
+                     uint and_level, Dep_value_field *field_val, Item *right,
+                     List<Dep_value_field>* mult_equal_fields);
+
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+  Perform table elimination
 
-static void add_eq_mod2(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
-                        uint and_level, Field_value *field_val, Item *right,
-                        List<Field_value>* mult_equal_fields);
+  SYNOPSIS
+    eliminate_tables()
+      join                   Join to work on
+
+  DESCRIPTION
+    This is the entry point for table elimination. Grep for MODULE INTERFACE
+    section in this file for calling convention.
 
+    The idea behind table elimination is that if we have an outer join:
+   
+      SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN 
+        (t2 JOIN t3) ON t3.primary_key=t1.col AND 
+                        t4.primary_key=t2.col
+    such that
+
+    1. columns of the inner tables are not used anywhere ouside the outer
+       join (not in WHERE, not in GROUP/ORDER BY clause, not in select list 
+       etc etc), and
+    2. inner side of the outer join is guaranteed to produce at most one
+       record combination for each record combination of outer tables.
+    
+    then the inner side of the outer join can be removed from the query.
+    This is because it will always produce one matching record (either a
+    real match or a NULL-complemented record combination), and since there
+    are no references to columns of the inner tables anywhere, it doesn't
+    matter which record combination it was.
+
+    This function primary handles checking #1. It collects a bitmap of
+    tables that are not used in select list/GROUP BY/ORDER BY/HAVING/etc and
+    thus can possibly be eliminated.
+
+     After this, if #1 is met, the function calls eliminate_tables_for_list()
+     that checks #2.
+  
+  SIDE EFFECTS
+    See the OVERVIEW section at the top of this file.
+
+*/
+
+void eliminate_tables(JOIN *join)
+{
+  THD* thd= join->thd;
+  Item *item;
+  table_map used_tables;
+  DBUG_ENTER("eliminate_tables");
+  
+  DBUG_ASSERT(join->eliminated_tables == 0);
+
+  /* If there are no outer joins, we have nothing to eliminate: */
+  if (!join->outer_join)
+    DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
 
 #ifndef DBUG_OFF
-static void dbug_print_deps(Func_dep_analyzer *fda);
-#endif 
+  if (!optimizer_flag(thd, OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_TABLE_ELIMINATION))
+    DBUG_VOID_RETURN; /* purecov: inspected */
+#endif
+
+  /* Find the tables that are referred to from WHERE/HAVING */
+  used_tables= (join->conds?  join->conds->used_tables() : 0) | 
+               (join->having? join->having->used_tables() : 0);
+  
+  /* Add tables referred to from the select list */
+  List_iterator<Item> it(join->fields_list);
+  while ((item= it++))
+    used_tables |= item->used_tables();
+ 
+  /* Add tables referred to from ORDER BY and GROUP BY lists */
+  ORDER *all_lists[]= { join->order, join->group_list};
+  for (int i=0; i < 2; i++)
+  {
+    for (ORDER *cur_list= all_lists[i]; cur_list; cur_list= cur_list->next)
+      used_tables |= (*(cur_list->item))->used_tables();
+  }
+  
+  if (join->select_lex == &thd->lex->select_lex)
+  {
+
+    /* Multi-table UPDATE: don't eliminate tables referred from SET statement */
+    if (thd->lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_UPDATE_MULTI)
+    {
+      /* Multi-table UPDATE and DELETE: don't eliminate the tables we modify: */
+      used_tables |= thd->table_map_for_update;
+      List_iterator<Item> it2(thd->lex->value_list);
+      while ((item= it2++))
+        used_tables |= item->used_tables();
+    }
+
+    if (thd->lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_DELETE_MULTI)
+    {
+      TABLE_LIST *tbl;
+      for (tbl= (TABLE_LIST*)thd->lex->auxiliary_table_list.first;
+           tbl; tbl= tbl->next_local)
+      {
+        used_tables |= tbl->table->map;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  table_map all_tables= join->all_tables_map();
+  if (all_tables & ~used_tables)
+  {
+    /* There are some tables that we probably could eliminate. Try it. */
+    eliminate_tables_for_list(join, join->join_list, all_tables, NULL,
+                              used_tables);
+  }
+  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  Perform table elimination in a given join list
+
+  SYNOPSIS
+    eliminate_tables_for_list()
+      join                    The join we're working on
+      join_list               Join list to eliminate tables from (and if
+                              on_expr !=NULL, then try eliminating join_list
+                              itself)
+      list_tables             Bitmap of tables embedded in the join_list.
+      on_expr                 ON expression, if the join list is the inner side
+                              of an outer join.
+                              NULL means it's not an outer join but rather a
+                              top-level join list.
+      tables_used_elsewhere   Bitmap of tables that are referred to from
+                              somewhere outside of the join list (e.g.
+                              select list, HAVING, other ON expressions, etc).
+
+  DESCRIPTION
+    Perform table elimination in a given join list.
+    
+  RETURN
+    TRUE   The entire join list eliminated
+    FALSE  Join list wasn't eliminated (but some of its child outer joins 
+           possibly were)
+*/
+
+static bool
+eliminate_tables_for_list(JOIN *join, List<TABLE_LIST> *join_list,
+                          table_map list_tables, Item *on_expr,
+                          table_map tables_used_elsewhere)
+{
+  TABLE_LIST *tbl;
+  List_iterator<TABLE_LIST> it(*join_list);
+  table_map tables_used_on_left= 0;
+  bool all_eliminated= TRUE;
+
+  while ((tbl= it++))
+  {
+    if (tbl->on_expr)
+    {
+      table_map outside_used_tables= tables_used_elsewhere | 
+                                     tables_used_on_left;
+      if (tbl->nested_join)
+      {
+        /* This is  "... LEFT JOIN (join_nest) ON cond" */
+        if (eliminate_tables_for_list(join,
+                                      &tbl->nested_join->join_list, 
+                                      tbl->nested_join->used_tables, 
+                                      tbl->on_expr,
+                                      outside_used_tables))
+        {
+          mark_as_eliminated(join, tbl);
+        }
+        else
+          all_eliminated= FALSE;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        /* This is  "... LEFT JOIN tbl ON cond" */
+        if (!(tbl->table->map & outside_used_tables) &&
+            check_func_dependency(join, tbl->table->map, NULL, tbl, 
+                                  tbl->on_expr))
+        {
+          mark_as_eliminated(join, tbl);
+        }
+        else
+          all_eliminated= FALSE;
+      }
+      tables_used_on_left |= tbl->on_expr->used_tables();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      DBUG_ASSERT(!tbl->nested_join);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Try eliminating the nest we're called for */
+  if (all_eliminated && on_expr && !(list_tables & tables_used_elsewhere))
+  {
+    it.rewind();
+    return check_func_dependency(join, list_tables & ~join->eliminated_tables,
+                                 &it, NULL, on_expr);
+  }
+  return FALSE; /* not eliminated */
+}
+
+
+/*
+  Check if given condition makes given set of tables functionally dependent
+
+  SYNOPSIS
+    check_func_dependency()
+      join         Join we're procesing
+      dep_tables   Tables that we check to be functionally dependent (on
+                   everything else)
+      it           Iterator that enumerates these tables, or NULL if we're 
+                   checking one single table and it is specified in oj_tbl
+                   parameter.
+      oj_tbl       NULL, or one single table that we're checking
+      cond         Condition to use to prove functional dependency
+
+  DESCRIPTION
+    Check if we can use given condition to infer that the set of given tables
+    is functionally dependent on everything else.
+
+  RETURN 
+    TRUE  - Yes, functionally dependent
+    FALSE - No, or error
+*/
+
+static
+bool check_func_dependency(JOIN *join,
+                           table_map dep_tables,
+                           List_iterator<TABLE_LIST> *it, 
+                           TABLE_LIST *oj_tbl,
+                           Item* cond)
+{
+  Dep_analysis_context dac;
+  
+  /* 
+    Pre-alloc some Dep_module_expr structures. We don't need this to be
+    guaranteed upper bound.
+  */
+  dac.n_equality_mods_alloced= 
+    join->thd->lex->current_select->max_equal_elems +
+    (join->thd->lex->current_select->cond_count+1)*2 +
+    join->thd->lex->current_select->between_count;
+
+  bzero(dac.table_deps, sizeof(dac.table_deps));
+  if (!(dac.equality_mods= new Dep_module_expr[dac.n_equality_mods_alloced]))
+    return FALSE; /* purecov: inspected */
+
+  Dep_module_expr* last_eq_mod= dac.equality_mods;
+  
+  /* Create Dep_value_table objects for all tables we're trying to eliminate */
+  if (oj_tbl)
+  {
+    if (!dac.create_table_value(oj_tbl->table))
+      return FALSE; /* purecov: inspected */
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    TABLE_LIST *tbl; 
+    while ((tbl= (*it)++))
+    {
+      if (tbl->table && (tbl->table->map & dep_tables))
+      {
+        if (!dac.create_table_value(tbl->table))
+          return FALSE; /* purecov: inspected */
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  dac.usable_tables= dep_tables;
+
+  /*
+    Analyze the the ON expression and create Dep_module_expr objects and
+      Dep_value_field objects for the used fields.
+  */
+  uint and_level=0;
+  build_eq_mods_for_cond(&dac, &last_eq_mod, &and_level, cond);
+  if (!(dac.n_equality_mods= last_eq_mod - dac.equality_mods))
+    return FALSE;  /* No useful conditions */
+
+  List<Dep_module> bound_modules;
+
+  if (!(dac.outer_join_dep= new Dep_module_goal(my_count_bits(dep_tables))) ||
+      dac.setup_equality_modules_deps(&bound_modules))
+  {
+    return FALSE; /* OOM, default to non-dependent */ /* purecov: inspected */
+  }
+  
+  DBUG_EXECUTE("test", dac.dbug_print_deps(); );
+  
+  return dac.run_wave(&bound_modules);
+}
+
+
+/*
+  Running wave functional dependency check algorithm
+
+  SYNOPSIS
+   Dep_analysis_context::run_wave()
+     new_bound_modules  List of bound modules to start the running wave from. 
+                        The list is destroyed during execution
+  
+  DESCRIPTION
+    This function uses running wave algorithm to check if the join nest is
+    functionally-dependent. 
+    We start from provided list of bound modules, and then run the wave across 
+    dependency edges, trying the reach the Dep_module_goal module. If we manage
+    to reach it, then the join nest is functionally-dependent, otherwise it is
+    not.
+
+  RETURN 
+    TRUE   Yes, functionally dependent
+    FALSE  No.
+*/
+
+bool Dep_analysis_context::run_wave(List<Dep_module> *new_bound_modules)
+{
+  List<Dep_value> new_bound_values;
+  
+  Dep_value *value;
+  Dep_module *module;
+
+  while (!new_bound_modules->is_empty())
+  {
+    /*
+      The "wave" is in new_bound_modules list. Iterate over values that can be
+      reached from these modules but are not yet bound, and collect the next
+      wave generation in new_bound_values list.
+    */
+    List_iterator<Dep_module> modules_it(*new_bound_modules);
+    while ((module= modules_it++))
+    {
+      char iter_buf[Dep_module::iterator_size];
+      Dep_module::Iterator iter;
+      iter= module->init_unbound_values_iter(iter_buf);
+      while ((value= module->get_next_unbound_value(this, iter)))
+      {
+        value->make_bound();
+        new_bound_values.push_back(value);
+      }
+    }
+    new_bound_modules->empty();
+    
+    /*
+      Now walk over list of values we've just found to be bound and check which
+      unbound modules can be reached from them. If there are some modules that
+      became bound, collect them in new_bound_modules list.
+    */
+    List_iterator<Dep_value> value_it(new_bound_values);
+    while ((value= value_it++))
+    {
+      char iter_buf[Dep_value::iterator_size];
+      Dep_value::Iterator iter;
+      iter= value->init_unbound_modules_iter(iter_buf);
+      while ((module= value->get_next_unbound_module(this, iter)))
+      {
+        module->touch();
+        if (!module->is_applicable())
+          continue;
+        if (module->is_final())
+          return TRUE; /* Functionally dependent */
+        module->make_bound();
+        new_bound_modules->push_back(module);
+      }
+    }
+    new_bound_values.empty();
+  }
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  This is used to analyze expressions in "tbl.col=expr" dependencies so
+  that we can figure out which fields the expression depends on.
+*/
+
+class Field_dependency_recorder : public Field_enumerator
+{
+public:
+  Field_dependency_recorder(Dep_analysis_context *ctx_arg): ctx(ctx_arg)
+  {}
+  
+  void visit_field(Field *field)
+  {
+    Dep_value_table *tbl_dep;
+    if ((tbl_dep= ctx->table_deps[field->table->tablenr]))
+    {
+      for (Dep_value_field *field_dep= tbl_dep->fields; field_dep; 
+           field_dep= field_dep->next_table_field)
+      {
+        if (field->field_index == field_dep->field->field_index)
+        {
+          uint offs= field_dep->bitmap_offset + expr_offset;
+          if (!bitmap_is_set(&ctx->expr_deps, offs))
+            ctx->equality_mods[expr_offset].unbound_args++;
+          bitmap_set_bit(&ctx->expr_deps, offs);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      /* 
+        We got here if didn't find this field. It's not a part of 
+        a unique key, and/or there is no field=expr element for it.
+        Bump the dependency anyway, this will signal that this dependency
+        cannot be satisfied.
+      */
+      ctx->equality_mods[expr_offset].unbound_args++;
+    }
+    else
+      visited_other_tables= TRUE;
+  }
+
+  Dep_analysis_context *ctx;
+  /* Offset of the expression we're processing in the dependency bitmap */
+  uint expr_offset;
+
+  bool visited_other_tables;
+};
+
+
+
+
+/*
+  Setup inbound dependency relationships for tbl.col=expr equalities
+ 
+  SYNOPSIS
+    setup_equality_modules_deps()
+      bound_deps_list  Put here modules that were found not to depend on 
+                       any non-bound columns.
+
+  DESCRIPTION
+    Setup inbound dependency relationships for tbl.col=expr equalities:
+      - allocate a bitmap where we store such dependencies
+      - for each "tbl.col=expr" equality, analyze the expr part and find out
+        which fields it refers to and set appropriate dependencies.
+    
+  RETURN
+    FALSE  OK
+    TRUE   Out of memory
+*/
+
+bool Dep_analysis_context::setup_equality_modules_deps(List<Dep_module> 
+                                                       *bound_modules)
+{
+  DBUG_ENTER("setup_equality_modules_deps");
+ 
+  /*
+    Count Dep_value_field objects and assign each of them a unique 
+    bitmap_offset value.
+  */
+  uint offset= 0;
+  for (Dep_value_table **tbl_dep= table_deps; 
+       tbl_dep < table_deps + MAX_TABLES;
+       tbl_dep++)
+  {
+    if (*tbl_dep)
+    {
+      for (Dep_value_field *field_dep= (*tbl_dep)->fields;
+           field_dep;
+           field_dep= field_dep->next_table_field)
+      {
+        field_dep->bitmap_offset= offset;
+        offset += n_equality_mods;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+ 
+  void *buf;
+  if (!(buf= current_thd->alloc(bitmap_buffer_size(offset))) ||
+      bitmap_init(&expr_deps, (my_bitmap_map*)buf, offset, FALSE))
+  {
+    DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); /* purecov: inspected */
+  }
+  bitmap_clear_all(&expr_deps);
+
+  /* 
+    Analyze all "field=expr" dependencies, and have expr_deps encode
+    dependencies of expressions from fields.
+
+    Also collect a linked list of equalities that are bound.
+  */
+  Field_dependency_recorder deps_recorder(this);
+  for (Dep_module_expr *eq_mod= equality_mods; 
+       eq_mod < equality_mods + n_equality_mods;
+       eq_mod++)
+  {
+    deps_recorder.expr_offset= eq_mod - equality_mods;
+    deps_recorder.visited_other_tables= FALSE;
+    eq_mod->unbound_args= 0;
+    
+    if (eq_mod->field)
+    {
+      /* Regular tbl.col=expr(tblX1.col1, tblY1.col2, ...) */
+      eq_mod->expr->walk(&Item::enumerate_field_refs_processor, FALSE, 
+                               (uchar*)&deps_recorder);
+    }
+    else 
+    {
+      /* It's a multi-equality */
+      eq_mod->unbound_args= !test(eq_mod->expr);
+      List_iterator<Dep_value_field> it(*eq_mod->mult_equal_fields);
+      Dep_value_field* field_val;
+      while ((field_val= it++))
+      {
+        uint offs= field_val->bitmap_offset + eq_mod - equality_mods;
+        bitmap_set_bit(&expr_deps, offs);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!eq_mod->unbound_args)
+      bound_modules->push_back(eq_mod);
+  }
+
+  DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);
+}
 
-/*******************************************************************************************/
 
 /*
-  Produce Eq_dep elements for given condition.
+  Ordering that we're using whenever we need to maintain a no-duplicates list
+  of field value objects.
+*/
+
+static 
+int compare_field_values(Dep_value_field *a, Dep_value_field *b, void *unused)
+{
+  uint a_ratio= a->field->table->tablenr*MAX_FIELDS +
+                a->field->field_index;
+
+  uint b_ratio= b->field->table->tablenr*MAX_FIELDS +
+                b->field->field_index;
+  return (a_ratio < b_ratio)? -1 : ((a_ratio == b_ratio)? 0 : 1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+  Produce Dep_module_expr elements for given condition.
 
   SYNOPSIS
     build_eq_mods_for_cond()
-      fda                    Table elimination context 
-      eq_mod          INOUT  Put produced equality conditions here
-      and_level      INOUT  AND-level (like in add_key_fields)
-      cond                  Condition to process
+      ctx              Table elimination context
+      eq_mod    INOUT  Put produced equality conditions here
+      and_level INOUT  AND-level (like in add_key_fields)
+      cond             Condition to process
 
   DESCRIPTION
+    Analyze the given condition and produce an array of Dep_module_expr 
+    dependencies from it. The idea of analysis is as follows:
+    There are useful equalities that have form 
+        
+        eliminable_tbl.field = expr      (denote as useful_equality)
+
+    The condition is composed of useful equalities and other conditions that
+    are combined together with AND and OR operators. We process the condition
+    in recursive fashion according to these basic rules:
+
+      useful_equality1 AND useful_equality2 -> make array of two 
+                                               Dep_module_expr objects
+
+      useful_equality AND other_cond -> discard other_cond
+      
+      useful_equality OR other_cond -> discard everything
+      
+      useful_equality1 OR useful_equality2 -> check if both sides of OR are the
+                                              same equality. If yes, that's the
+                                              result, otherwise discard 
+                                              everything.
+
+    The rules are used to map the condition into an array Dep_module_expr
+    elements. The array will specify functional dependencies that logically 
+    follow from the condition.
+
+  SEE ALSO
     This function is modeled after add_key_fields()
 */
 
 static 
-void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod, 
+void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Dep_analysis_context *ctx, 
+                            Dep_module_expr **eq_mod,
                             uint *and_level, Item *cond)
 {
   if (cond->type() == Item_func::COND_ITEM)
   {
     List_iterator_fast<Item> li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list());
-    Equality_module *org_key_fields= *eq_mod;
+    uint orig_offset= *eq_mod - ctx->equality_mods;
     
     /* AND/OR */
     if (((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC)
     {
       Item *item;
       while ((item=li++))
-        build_eq_mods_for_cond(fda, eq_mod, and_level, item);
-      for (; org_key_fields != *eq_mod ; org_key_fields++)
-        org_key_fields->level= *and_level;
+        build_eq_mods_for_cond(ctx, eq_mod, and_level, item);
+
+      for (Dep_module_expr *mod_exp= ctx->equality_mods + orig_offset;
+           mod_exp != *eq_mod ; mod_exp++)
+      {
+        mod_exp->level= *and_level;
+      }
     }
     else
     {
       Item *item;
       (*and_level)++;
-      build_eq_mods_for_cond(fda, eq_mod, and_level, li++);
+      build_eq_mods_for_cond(ctx, eq_mod, and_level, li++);
       while ((item=li++))
       {
-        Equality_module *start_key_fields= *eq_mod;
+        Dep_module_expr *start_key_fields= *eq_mod;
         (*and_level)++;
-        build_eq_mods_for_cond(fda, eq_mod, and_level, item);
-        *eq_mod= merge_func_deps(org_key_fields, start_key_fields, *eq_mod,
-                                ++(*and_level));
+        build_eq_mods_for_cond(ctx, eq_mod, and_level, item);
+        *eq_mod= merge_eq_mods(ctx->equality_mods + orig_offset, 
+                               start_key_fields, *eq_mod,
+                               ++(*and_level));
       }
     }
     return;
@@ -474,23 +1150,23 @@ void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
         (fld= args[0]->real_item())->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM &&
         args[1]->eq(args[2], ((Item_field*)fld)->field->binary()))
     {
-      add_eq_mod(fda, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[0], args[1]);
-      add_eq_mod(fda, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[1], args[0]);
+      check_equality(ctx, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[0], args[1]);
+      check_equality(ctx, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[1], args[0]);
     }
     break;
   }
   case Item_func::EQ_FUNC:
   case Item_func::EQUAL_FUNC:
   {
-    add_eq_mod(fda, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[0], args[1]);
-    add_eq_mod(fda, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[1], args[0]);
+    check_equality(ctx, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[0], args[1]);
+    check_equality(ctx, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[1], args[0]);
     break;
   }
   case Item_func::ISNULL_FUNC:
   {
     Item *tmp=new Item_null;
     if (tmp)
-      add_eq_mod(fda, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[0], tmp);
+      check_equality(ctx, eq_mod, *and_level, cond_func, args[0], tmp);
     break;
   }
   case Item_func::MULT_EQUAL_FUNC:
@@ -501,15 +1177,15 @@ void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
         tbl1.field1 = tbl2.field2 = tbl3.field3 [= const_expr]
 
       multiple-equality. Do two things:
-       - Collect an ordered List<Field_value> of tblX.colY where tblX is one
-         of those that we're trying to eliminate.
-       - rembember if there was a const_expr or tblY.colZ that we can consider
-         bound.
-      Store all collected information in a Equality_module object.
+       - Collect List<Dep_value_field> of tblX.colY where tblX is one of the
+         tables we're trying to eliminate.
+       - rembember if there was a bound value, either const_expr or tblY.colZ
+         swher tblY is not a table that we're trying to eliminate.
+      Store all collected information in a Dep_module_expr object.
     */
     Item_equal *item_equal= (Item_equal*)cond;
-    List<Field_value> *fvl;
-    if (!(fvl= new List<Field_value>))
+    List<Dep_value_field> *fvl;
+    if (!(fvl= new List<Dep_value_field>))
       break; /* purecov: inspected */
 
     Item_equal_iterator it(*item_equal);
@@ -517,31 +1193,11 @@ void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
     Item *bound_item= item_equal->get_const();
     while ((item= it++))
     {
-      if ((item->used_tables() & fda->usable_tables))
+      if ((item->used_tables() & ctx->usable_tables))
       {
-        Field_value *field_val;
-        if ((field_val= get_field_value(fda, item->field)))
-        {
-          List_iterator<Field_value> it2(*fvl);
-          Field_value *other_f;
-          uint field_val_ratio= field_val->field->table->tablenr*MAX_FIELDS +
-                                field_val->field->field_index;
-          bool added= FALSE;
-          while ((other_f= it2++))
-          {
-            uint other_f_ratio= other_f->field->table->tablenr*MAX_FIELDS + 
-                                other_f->field->field_index;
-            if (other_f_ratio > field_val_ratio)
-            {
-              *(it2.ref())= field_val;
-              it2.after(other_f);
-              added= TRUE;
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-          if (!added)
-            fvl->push_back(field_val);
-        }
+        Dep_value_field *field_val;
+        if ((field_val= ctx->get_field_value(item->field)))
+          fvl->push_back(field_val);
       }
       else
       {
@@ -549,7 +1205,8 @@ void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
           bound_item= item;
       }
     }
-    add_eq_mod2(fda, eq_mod, *and_level, NULL, bound_item, fvl);
+    exchange_sort<Dep_value_field>(fvl, compare_field_values, NULL);
+    add_module_expr(ctx, eq_mod, *and_level, NULL, bound_item, fvl);
     break;
   }
   default:
@@ -559,23 +1216,23 @@ void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
 
 
 /*
-  Perform an OR operation on two (adjacent) Equality_module arrays.
+  Perform an OR operation on two (adjacent) Dep_module_expr arrays.
 
   SYNOPSIS
-     merge_func_deps()
+     merge_eq_mods()
        start        Start of left OR-part
        new_fields   Start of right OR-part
        end          End of right OR-part
-       and_level    AND-level.
+       and_level    AND-level (like in add_key_fields)
 
   DESCRIPTION
-  This function is invoked for two adjacent arrays of Equality_module elements:
+  This function is invoked for two adjacent arrays of Dep_module_expr elements:
 
                       $LEFT_PART             $RIGHT_PART
              +-----------------------+-----------------------+
             start                new_fields                 end
          
-  The goal is to produce an array which would correspnd to the combined 
+  The goal is to produce an array which would correspond to the combined 
   
     $LEFT_PART OR $RIGHT_PART
   
@@ -604,19 +1261,20 @@ void build_eq_mods_for_cond(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
 */
 
 static 
-Equality_module *merge_func_deps(Equality_module *start, Equality_module *new_fields, 
-                                 Equality_module *end, uint and_level)
+Dep_module_expr *merge_eq_mods(Dep_module_expr *start, 
+                               Dep_module_expr *new_fields,
+                               Dep_module_expr *end, uint and_level)
 {
   if (start == new_fields)
     return start;  /*  (nothing) OR (...) -> (nothing) */
   if (new_fields == end)
     return start;  /*  (...) OR (nothing) -> (nothing) */
 
-  Equality_module *first_free=new_fields;
+  Dep_module_expr *first_free= new_fields;
 
   for (; new_fields != end ; new_fields++)
   {
-    for (Equality_module *old=start ; old != first_free ; old++)
+    for (Dep_module_expr *old=start ; old != first_free ; old++)
     {
       if (old->field == new_fields->field)
       {
@@ -626,7 +1284,7 @@ Equality_module *merge_func_deps(Equality_module *start, Equality_module *new_fi
             OR-ing two multiple equalities. We must compute an intersection of
             used fields, and check the constants according to these rules:
 
-              a=b=c=d  OR  a=c=e=f  ->  a=c  (compute intersection)
+              a=b=c=d  OR a=c=e=f   ->  a=c  (compute intersection)
               a=const1 OR a=b       ->  (nothing)
               a=const1 OR a=const1  ->  a=const1 
               a=const1 OR a=const2  ->  (nothing)
@@ -639,28 +1297,28 @@ Equality_module *merge_func_deps(Equality_module *start, Equality_module *new_fi
             equalities are guaranteed to be disjoint, so we'll only get one
             hit.
           */
-          if (old->expression && new_fields->expression &&
-              old->expression->eq_by_collation(new_fields->expression, 
-                                               old->mult_equal_fields->head()->field->binary(),
-                                               old->mult_equal_fields->head()->field->charset()))
+          Field *eq_field= old->mult_equal_fields->head()->field;
+          if (old->expr && new_fields->expr &&
+              old->expr->eq_by_collation(new_fields->expr, eq_field->binary(),
+                                         eq_field->charset()))
           {
             /* Ok, keep */
           }
           else
           {
             /* no single constant/bound item. */
-            old->expression= NULL;
+            old->expr= NULL;
           }
            
-          List <Field_value> *fv;
-          if (!(fv= new List<Field_value>))
+          List <Dep_value_field> *fv;
+          if (!(fv= new List<Dep_value_field>))
             break; /* purecov: inspected */
 
-          List_iterator<Field_value> it1(*old->mult_equal_fields);
-          List_iterator<Field_value> it2(*new_fields->mult_equal_fields);
-          Field_value *lfield= it1++;
-          Field_value *rfield= it2++;
-          // Merge
+          List_iterator<Dep_value_field> it1(*old->mult_equal_fields);
+          List_iterator<Dep_value_field> it2(*new_fields->mult_equal_fields);
+          Dep_value_field *lfield= it1++;
+          Dep_value_field *rfield= it2++;
+          /* Intersect two ordered lists */
           while (lfield && rfield)
           {
             if (lfield == rfield)
@@ -671,38 +1329,34 @@ Equality_module *merge_func_deps(Equality_module *start, Equality_module *new_fi
             }
             else
             {
-              uint left_ratio= lfield->field->table->tablenr*MAX_FIELDS +
-                               lfield->field->field_index;
-              uint right_ratio= rfield->field->table->tablenr*MAX_FIELDS +
-                                rfield->field->field_index;
-              if (left_ratio < right_ratio)
-                lfield=it1++;
+              if (compare_field_values(lfield, rfield, NULL) < 0)
+                lfield= it1++;
               else
-                rfield=it2++;
+                rfield= it2++;
             }
           }
 
-          if (fv->elements + test(old->expression) > 1)
+          if (fv->elements + test(old->expr) > 1)
           {
             old->mult_equal_fields= fv;
             old->level= and_level;
           }
         }
-        else if (!new_fields->expression->const_item())
+        else if (!new_fields->expr->const_item())
         {
           /*
             If the value matches, we can use the key reference.
             If not, we keep it until we have examined all new values
           */
-          if (old->expression->eq(new_fields->expression, 
-                                  old->field->field->binary()))
+          if (old->expr->eq(new_fields->expr, 
+                            old->field->field->binary()))
           {
             old->level= and_level;
           }
         }
-        else if (old->expression->eq_by_collation(new_fields->expression, 
-                                                  old->field->field->binary(),
-                                                  old->field->field->charset()))
+        else if (old->expr->eq_by_collation(new_fields->expr,
+                                            old->field->field->binary(),
+                                            old->field->field->charset()))
         {
           old->level= and_level;
         }
@@ -722,7 +1376,7 @@ Equality_module *merge_func_deps(Equality_module *start, Equality_module *new_fi
     Ok, the results are within the [start, first_free) range, and the useful
     elements have level==and_level. Now, remove all unusable elements:
   */
-  for (Equality_module *old=start ; old != first_free ;)
+  for (Dep_module_expr *old=start ; old != first_free ;)
   {
     if (old->level != and_level)
     {                                                // Not used in all levels
@@ -738,34 +1392,34 @@ Equality_module *merge_func_deps(Equality_module *start, Equality_module *new_fi
 
 
 /*
-  Add an Equality_module element for left=right condition
+  Add an Dep_module_expr element for left=right condition
 
   SYNOPSIS
-    add_eq_mod()
+    check_equality()
       fda               Table elimination context
-      eq_mod     INOUT  Store created Equality_module here and increment ptr if
+      eq_mod     INOUT  Store created Dep_module_expr here and increment ptr if
                         you do so
-      and_level         AND-level ()
+      and_level         AND-level (like in add_key_fields)
       cond              Condition we've inferred the left=right equality from.
       left              Left expression
       right             Right expression
-      usable_tables     Create Equality_module only if Left_expression's table 
+      usable_tables     Create Dep_module_expr only if Left_expression's table 
                         belongs to this set.
 
   DESCRIPTION 
-    Check if the passed equality means that 'left' expr is functionally dependent on
-    the 'right', and if yes, create an Equality_module object for it.
-
-  RETURN
-    FALSE OK
-    TRUE  Out of memory
+    Check if the passed left=right equality is such that 
+     - 'left' is an Item_field referring to a field in a table we're checking
+       to be functionally depdendent,
+     - the equality allows to conclude that 'left' expression is functionally 
+       dependent on the 'right',
+    and if so, create an Dep_module_expr object.
 */
 
 static 
-void add_eq_mod(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
-                uint and_level, Item_func *cond, Item *left, Item *right)
+void check_equality(Dep_analysis_context *ctx, Dep_module_expr **eq_mod,
+                    uint and_level, Item_func *cond, Item *left, Item *right)
 {
-  if ((left->used_tables() & fda->usable_tables) &&
+  if ((left->used_tables() & ctx->usable_tables) &&
       !(right->used_tables() & RAND_TABLE_BIT) &&
       left->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM)
   {
@@ -780,7 +1434,7 @@ void add_eq_mod(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
       else
       {
         /*
-          We can't assume there's a functional dependency if the effective 
+          We can't assume there's a functional dependency if the effective
           collation of the operation differ from the field collation.
         */
         if (field->cmp_type() == STRING_RESULT &&
@@ -788,81 +1442,118 @@ void add_eq_mod(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
           return;
       }
     }
-    Field_value *field_val;
-    if ((field_val= get_field_value(fda, field)))
-      add_eq_mod2(fda, eq_mod, and_level, field_val, right, NULL);
+    Dep_value_field *field_val;
+    if ((field_val= ctx->get_field_value(field)))
+      add_module_expr(ctx, eq_mod, and_level, field_val, right, NULL);
   }
 }
 
 
-/* Just add eq_mod w/o any checks */
-static void add_eq_mod2(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Equality_module **eq_mod,
-                        uint and_level, Field_value *field_val, Item *right,
-                        List<Field_value>* mult_equal_fields)
+/* 
+  Add a Dep_module_expr object with the specified parameters. 
+  
+  DESCRIPTION
+    Add a Dep_module_expr object with the specified parameters. Re-allocate
+    the ctx->equality_mods array if it has no space left.
+*/
+
+static 
+void add_module_expr(Dep_analysis_context *ctx, Dep_module_expr **eq_mod,
+                     uint and_level, Dep_value_field *field_val, 
+                     Item *right, List<Dep_value_field>* mult_equal_fields)
 {
-  if (*eq_mod == fda->equality_mods + fda->n_equality_mods_alloced)
+  if (*eq_mod == ctx->equality_mods + ctx->n_equality_mods_alloced)
   {
     /* 
       We've filled the entire equality_mods array. Replace it with a bigger
       one. We do it somewhat inefficiently but it doesn't matter.
     */
     /* purecov: begin inspected */
-    Equality_module *new_arr;
-    if (!(new_arr= new Equality_module[fda->n_equality_mods_alloced *2]))
+    Dep_module_expr *new_arr;
+    if (!(new_arr= new Dep_module_expr[ctx->n_equality_mods_alloced *2]))
       return;
-    fda->n_equality_mods_alloced *= 2;
-    for (int i= 0; i < *eq_mod - fda->equality_mods; i++)
-      new_arr[i]= fda->equality_mods[i];
+    ctx->n_equality_mods_alloced *= 2;
+    for (int i= 0; i < *eq_mod - ctx->equality_mods; i++)
+      new_arr[i]= ctx->equality_mods[i];
 
-    fda->equality_mods= new_arr;
-    *eq_mod= new_arr + (*eq_mod - fda->equality_mods);
+    ctx->equality_mods= new_arr;
+    *eq_mod= new_arr + (*eq_mod - ctx->equality_mods);
     /* purecov: end */
   }
 
   (*eq_mod)->field= field_val;
-  (*eq_mod)->expression= right;
+  (*eq_mod)->expr= right;
   (*eq_mod)->level= and_level;
   (*eq_mod)->mult_equal_fields= mult_equal_fields;
   (*eq_mod)++;
 }
 
+
 /*
-  Get a Table_value object for the given table, creating it if necessary.
+  Create a Dep_value_table object for the given table
+
+  SYNOPSIS
+    Dep_analysis_context::create_table_value()
+      table  Table to create object for
+
+  DESCRIPTION
+    Create a Dep_value_table object for the given table. Also create
+    Dep_module_key objects for all unique keys in the table.
+
+  RETURN
+    Created table value object
+    NULL if out of memory
 */
 
-static Table_value *get_table_value(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, TABLE *table)
+Dep_value_table *Dep_analysis_context::create_table_value(TABLE *table)
 {
-  Table_value *tbl_dep;
-  if (!(tbl_dep= new Table_value(table)))
+  Dep_value_table *tbl_dep;
+  if (!(tbl_dep= new Dep_value_table(table)))
     return NULL; /* purecov: inspected */
 
-  Key_module **key_list= &(tbl_dep->keys);
+  Dep_module_key **key_list= &(tbl_dep->keys);
   /* Add dependencies for unique keys */
   for (uint i=0; i < table->s->keys; i++)
   {
     KEY *key= table->key_info + i; 
     if ((key->flags & (HA_NOSAME | HA_END_SPACE_KEY)) == HA_NOSAME)
     {
-      Key_module *key_dep= new Key_module(tbl_dep, i, key->key_parts);
+      Dep_module_key *key_dep;
+      if (!(key_dep= new Dep_module_key(tbl_dep, i, key->key_parts)))
+        return NULL;
       *key_list= key_dep;
       key_list= &(key_dep->next_table_key);
     }
   }
-  return fda->table_deps[table->tablenr]= tbl_dep;
+  return table_deps[table->tablenr]= tbl_dep;
 }
 
 
 /* 
-  Get a Field_value object for the given field, creating it if necessary
+  Get a Dep_value_field object for the given field, creating it if necessary
+
+  SYNOPSIS
+   Dep_analysis_context::get_field_value()
+      field  Field to create object for
+        
+  DESCRIPTION
+    Get a Dep_value_field object for the given field. First, we search for it 
+    in the list of Dep_value_field objects we have already created. If we don't 
+    find it, we create a new Dep_value_field and put it into the list of field
+    objects we have for the table.
+
+  RETURN
+    Created field value object
+    NULL if out of memory
 */
 
-static Field_value *get_field_value(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Field *field)
+Dep_value_field *Dep_analysis_context::get_field_value(Field *field)
 {
   TABLE *table= field->table;
-  Table_value *tbl_dep= fda->table_deps[table->tablenr];
+  Dep_value_table *tbl_dep= table_deps[table->tablenr];
 
   /* Try finding the field in field list */
-  Field_value **pfield= &(tbl_dep->fields);
+  Dep_value_field **pfield= &(tbl_dep->fields);
   while (*pfield && (*pfield)->field->field_index < field->field_index)
   {
     pfield= &((*pfield)->next_table_field);
@@ -871,7 +1562,7 @@ static Field_value *get_field_value(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Field *field)
     return *pfield;
   
   /* Create the field and insert it in the list */
-  Field_value *new_field= new Field_value(tbl_dep, field);
+  Dep_value_field *new_field= new Dep_value_field(tbl_dep, field);
   new_field->next_table_field= *pfield;
   *pfield= new_field;
 
@@ -879,575 +1570,163 @@ static Field_value *get_field_value(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Field *field)
 }
 
 
-/*
-  This is used to analyze expressions in "tbl.col=expr" dependencies so
-  that we can figure out which fields the expression depends on.
+/* 
+  Iteration over unbound modules that are our dependencies.
+  for those we have:
+    - dependendencies of our fields
+    - outer join we're in 
 */
-
-class Field_dependency_recorder : public Field_enumerator
+char *Dep_value_table::init_unbound_modules_iter(char *buf)
 {
-public:
-  Field_dependency_recorder(Func_dep_analyzer *te_arg): fda(te_arg)
-  {}
-  
-  void see_field(Field *field)
+  Module_iter *iter= ALIGN_PTR(my_ptrdiff_t(buf), Module_iter);
+  iter->field_dep= fields;
+  if (fields)
   {
-    Table_value *tbl_dep;
-    if ((tbl_dep= fda->table_deps[field->table->tablenr]))
-    {
-      for (Field_value *field_dep= tbl_dep->fields; field_dep; 
-           field_dep= field_dep->next_table_field)
-      {
-        if (field->field_index == field_dep->field->field_index)
-        {
-          uint offs= field_dep->bitmap_offset + expr_offset;
-          if (!bitmap_is_set(&fda->expr_deps, offs))
-            fda->equality_mods[expr_offset].unknown_args++;
-          bitmap_set_bit(&fda->expr_deps, offs);
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-      /* 
-        We got here if didn't find this field. It's not a part of 
-        a unique key, and/or there is no field=expr element for it.
-        Bump the dependency anyway, this will signal that this dependency
-        cannot be satisfied.
-      */
-      fda->equality_mods[expr_offset].unknown_args++;
-    }
-    else
-      saw_other_tbl= TRUE;
+    fields->init_unbound_modules_iter(iter->buf);
+    fields->make_unbound_modules_iter_skip_keys(iter->buf);
   }
-
-  Func_dep_analyzer *fda;
-  /* Offset of the expression we're processing in the dependency bitmap */
-  uint expr_offset;
-
-  bool saw_other_tbl;
-};
-
-
-/*
-  Setup inbound dependency relationships for tbl.col=expr equalities
- 
-  SYNOPSIS
-    setup_equality_modules_deps()
-      fda                    Table elimination context
-      bound_deps_list  OUT  Start of linked list of elements that were found to
-                            be bound (caller will use this to see if that
-                            allows to declare further elements bound)
-  DESCRIPTION
-  Setup inbound dependency relationships for tbl.col=expr equalities:
-    - allocate a bitmap where we store such dependencies
-    - for each "tbl.col=expr" equality, analyze the expr part and find out
-      which fields it refers to and set appropriate dependencies.
-    
-  RETURN
-    FALSE  OK
-    TRUE   Out of memory
-*/
-
-static 
-bool setup_equality_modules_deps(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, 
-                                 Module_dep **bound_deps_list)
-{
-  DBUG_ENTER("setup_equality_modules_deps");
-  
-  /*
-    Count Field_value objects and assign each of them a unique bitmap_offset
-    value.
-  */
-  uint offset= 0;
-  for (Table_value **tbl_dep=fda->table_deps; 
-       tbl_dep < fda->table_deps + MAX_TABLES;
-       tbl_dep++)
-  {
-    if (*tbl_dep)
-    {
-      for (Field_value *field_dep= (*tbl_dep)->fields;
-           field_dep;
-           field_dep= field_dep->next_table_field)
-      {
-        field_dep->bitmap_offset= offset;
-        offset += fda->n_equality_mods;
-      }
-    }
-  }
- 
-  void *buf;
-  if (!(buf= current_thd->alloc(bitmap_buffer_size(offset))) ||
-      bitmap_init(&fda->expr_deps, (my_bitmap_map*)buf, offset, FALSE))
-  {
-    DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); /* purecov: inspected */
-  }
-  bitmap_clear_all(&fda->expr_deps);
-
-  /* 
-    Analyze all "field=expr" dependencies, and have fda->expr_deps encode
-    dependencies of expressions from fields.
-
-    Also collect a linked list of equalities that are bound.
-  */
-  Module_dep *bound_dep= NULL;
-  Field_dependency_recorder deps_recorder(fda);
-  for (Equality_module *eq_mod= fda->equality_mods; 
-       eq_mod < fda->equality_mods + fda->n_equality_mods;
-       eq_mod++)
-  {
-    deps_recorder.expr_offset= eq_mod - fda->equality_mods;
-    deps_recorder.saw_other_tbl= FALSE;
-    eq_mod->unknown_args= 0;
-    
-    if (eq_mod->field)
-    {
-    /* Regular tbl.col=expr(tblX1.col1, tblY1.col2, ...) */
-      eq_mod->expression->walk(&Item::check_column_usage_processor, FALSE, 
-                               (uchar*)&deps_recorder);
-    }
-    else 
-    {
-      /* It's a multi-equality */
-      eq_mod->unknown_args= !test(eq_mod->expression);
-      List_iterator<Field_value> it(*eq_mod->mult_equal_fields);
-      Field_value* field_val;
-      while ((field_val= it++))
-      {
-        uint offs= field_val->bitmap_offset + eq_mod - fda->equality_mods;
-        bitmap_set_bit(&fda->expr_deps, offs);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!eq_mod->unknown_args)
-    {
-      eq_mod->next= bound_dep;
-      bound_dep= eq_mod;
-    }
-  }
-  *bound_deps_list= bound_dep;
-
-  DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);
+  iter->returned_goal= FALSE;
+  return (char*)iter;
 }
 
 
-/*
-  Perform table elimination
-
-  SYNOPSIS
-    eliminate_tables()
-      join                   Join to work on
-
-  DESCRIPTION
-    This is the entry point for table elimination. Grep for MODULE INTERFACE
-    section in this file for calling convention.
-
-    The idea behind table elimination is that if we have an outer join:
-   
-      SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN 
-        (t2 JOIN t3) ON t3.primary_key=t1.col AND 
-                        t4.primary_key=t2.col
-    such that
-
-    1. columns of the inner tables are not used anywhere ouside the outer
-       join (not in WHERE, not in GROUP/ORDER BY clause, not in select list 
-       etc etc), and
-    2. inner side of the outer join is guaranteed to produce at most one
-       record combination for each record combination of outer tables.
-    
-    then the inner side of the outer join can be removed from the query.
-    This is because it will always produce one matching record (either a
-    real match or a NULL-complemented record combination), and since there
-    are no references to columns of the inner tables anywhere, it doesn't
-    matter which record combination it was.
-
-    This function primary handles checking #1. It collects a bitmap of
-    tables that are not used in select list/GROUP BY/ORDER BY/HAVING/etc and
-    thus can possibly be eliminated.
-  
-  SIDE EFFECTS
-    See the OVERVIEW section at the top of this file.
-
-*/
-
-void eliminate_tables(JOIN *join)
+Dep_module* 
+Dep_value_table::get_next_unbound_module(Dep_analysis_context *dac,
+                                         char *iter)
 {
-  THD* thd= join->thd;
-  Item *item;
-  table_map used_tables;
-  DBUG_ENTER("eliminate_tables");
-  
-  DBUG_ASSERT(join->eliminated_tables == 0);
-
-  /* If there are no outer joins, we have nothing to eliminate: */
-  if (!join->outer_join)
-    DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
-
-#ifndef DBUG_OFF
-  if (!optimizer_flag(thd, OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_TABLE_ELIMINATION))
-    DBUG_VOID_RETURN; /* purecov: inspected */
-#endif
-
-  /* Find the tables that are referred to from WHERE/HAVING */
-  used_tables= (join->conds?  join->conds->used_tables() : 0) | 
-               (join->having? join->having->used_tables() : 0);
-  
-  /* Add tables referred to from the select list */
-  List_iterator<Item> it(join->fields_list);
-  while ((item= it++))
-    used_tables |= item->used_tables();
- 
-  /* Add tables referred to from ORDER BY and GROUP BY lists */
-  ORDER *all_lists[]= { join->order, join->group_list};
-  for (int i=0; i < 2; i++)
+  Module_iter *di= (Module_iter*)iter;
+  while (di->field_dep)
   {
-    for (ORDER *cur_list= all_lists[i]; cur_list; cur_list= cur_list->next)
-      used_tables |= (*(cur_list->item))->used_tables();
-  }
-  
-  if (join->select_lex == &thd->lex->select_lex)
-  {
-
-    /* Multi-table UPDATE: don't eliminate tables referred from SET statement */
-    if (thd->lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_UPDATE_MULTI)
+    Dep_module *res;
+    if ((res= di->field_dep->get_next_unbound_module(dac, di->buf)))
+      return res;
+    if ((di->field_dep= di->field_dep->next_table_field))
     {
-      /* Multi-table UPDATE and DELETE: don't eliminate the tables we modify: */
-      used_tables |= thd->table_map_for_update;
-      List_iterator<Item> it2(thd->lex->value_list);
-      while ((item= it2++))
-        used_tables |= item->used_tables();
-    }
-
-    if (thd->lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_DELETE_MULTI)
-    {
-      TABLE_LIST *tbl;
-      for (tbl= (TABLE_LIST*)thd->lex->auxiliary_table_list.first;
-           tbl; tbl= tbl->next_local)
-      {
-        used_tables |= tbl->table->map;
-      }
+      char *field_iter= ((Module_iter*)iter)->buf;
+      di->field_dep->init_unbound_modules_iter(field_iter);
+      di->field_dep->make_unbound_modules_iter_skip_keys(field_iter);
     }
   }
   
-  table_map all_tables= join->all_tables_map();
-  if (all_tables & ~used_tables)
+  if (!di->returned_goal)
   {
-    /* There are some tables that we probably could eliminate. Try it. */
-    eliminate_tables_for_list(join, join->join_list, all_tables, NULL,
-                              used_tables);
+    di->returned_goal= TRUE;
+    return dac->outer_join_dep;
   }
-  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 
-/*
-  Perform table elimination in a given join list
-
-  SYNOPSIS
-    eliminate_tables_for_list()
-      fda                      Table elimination context
-      join_list               Join list to work on
-      list_tables             Bitmap of tables embedded in the join_list.
-      on_expr                 ON expression, if the join list is the inner side
-                              of an outer join.
-                              NULL means it's not an outer join but rather a
-                              top-level join list.
-      tables_used_elsewhere   Bitmap of tables that are referred to from
-                              somewhere outside of the join list (e.g.
-                              select list, HAVING, other ON expressions, etc).
-
-  DESCRIPTION
-    Perform table elimination in a given join list.
-    
-  RETURN
-    TRUE  The entire join list eliminated
-    FALSE Join list wasn't eliminated (but some of its possibly were)
-*/
-
-static bool
-eliminate_tables_for_list(JOIN *join, List<TABLE_LIST> *join_list,
-                          table_map list_tables, Item *on_expr,
-                          table_map tables_used_elsewhere)
+char *Dep_module_expr::init_unbound_values_iter(char *buf)
 {
-  TABLE_LIST *tbl;
-  List_iterator<TABLE_LIST> it(*join_list);
-  table_map tables_used_on_left= 0;
-  bool all_eliminated= TRUE;
-
-  while ((tbl= it++))
-  {
-    if (tbl->on_expr)
-    {
-      table_map outside_used_tables= tables_used_elsewhere | 
-                                     tables_used_on_left;
-      if (tbl->nested_join)
-      {
-        /* This is  "... LEFT JOIN (join_nest) ON cond" */
-        if (eliminate_tables_for_list(join,
-                                      &tbl->nested_join->join_list, 
-                                      tbl->nested_join->used_tables, 
-                                      tbl->on_expr,
-                                      outside_used_tables))
-        {
-          mark_as_eliminated(join, tbl);
-        }
-        else
-          all_eliminated= FALSE;
-      }
-      else
-      {
-        /* This is  "... LEFT JOIN tbl ON cond" */
-        if (!(tbl->table->map & outside_used_tables) &&
-            check_func_dependency(join, tbl->table->map, NULL, tbl, 
-                                  tbl->on_expr))
-        {
-          mark_as_eliminated(join, tbl);
-        }
-        else
-          all_eliminated= FALSE;
-      }
-      tables_used_on_left |= tbl->on_expr->used_tables();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-      DBUG_ASSERT(!tbl->nested_join);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Try eliminating the nest we're called for */
-  if (all_eliminated && on_expr && !(list_tables & tables_used_elsewhere))
+  Value_iter *iter= ALIGN_PTR(my_ptrdiff_t(buf), Value_iter);
+  iter->field= field;
+  if (!field)
   {
-    it.rewind();
-    return check_func_dependency(join, list_tables & ~join->eliminated_tables,
-                                 &it, NULL, on_expr);
+    new (&iter->it) List_iterator<Dep_value_field>(*mult_equal_fields);
   }
-  return FALSE; /* not eliminated */
+  return (char*)iter;
 }
 
 
-/*
-  Check if given condition makes given set of tables functionally-dependent
-
-  SYNOPSIS
-    check_func_dependency()
-      fda      Table elimination context
-      tables   Set of tables we want to be functionally dependent 
-      cond     Condition to use
-
-  DESCRIPTION
-    Check if we can use given condition to infer that the set of given tables
-    is functionally-dependent on everything else.
-
-  RETURN 
-    TRUE  - Yes, functionally dependent
-    FALSE - No, or error
-*/
-
-static
-bool check_func_dependency(JOIN *join,
-                           table_map dep_tables,
-                           List_iterator<TABLE_LIST> *it, 
-                           TABLE_LIST *oj_tbl,
-                           Item* cond)
+Dep_value* Dep_module_expr::get_next_unbound_value(Dep_analysis_context *dac,
+                                                   char *buf)
 {
-  Module_dep *bound_modules;
-  
-  Func_dep_analyzer fda(join);
-  
-  /* 
-    Pre-alloc some Equality_module structures. We don't need this to be
-    guaranteed upper bound.
-  */
-  fda.n_equality_mods_alloced= 
-    join->thd->lex->current_select->max_equal_elems +
-    (join->thd->lex->current_select->cond_count+1)*2 +
-    join->thd->lex->current_select->between_count;
-
-  if (!(fda.equality_mods= new Equality_module[fda.n_equality_mods_alloced]))
-    return FALSE; /* purecov: inspected */
-
-  Equality_module* last_eq_mod= fda.equality_mods;
-  
-  /* Create Table_value objects for all tables we're trying to eliminate */
-  if (oj_tbl)
+  Dep_value *res;
+  if (field)
   {
-    if (!get_table_value(&fda, oj_tbl->table))
-      return FALSE; /* purecov: inspected */
+    res= ((Value_iter*)buf)->field;
+    ((Value_iter*)buf)->field= NULL;
+    return (!res || res->is_bound())? NULL : res;
   }
   else
   {
-    TABLE_LIST *tbl; 
-    while ((tbl= (*it)++))
+    while ((res= ((Value_iter*)buf)->it++))
     {
-      if (tbl->table && (tbl->table->map & dep_tables))
-      {
-        if (!get_table_value(&fda, tbl->table))
-          return FALSE; /* purecov: inspected */
-      }
+      if (!res->is_bound())
+        return res;
     }
+    return NULL;
   }
-
-  fda.usable_tables= dep_tables;
-  /*
-    Analyze the the ON expression and create Equality_module objects and
-      Field_value objects for the used fields.
-  */
-  uint and_level=0;
-  build_eq_mods_for_cond(&fda, &last_eq_mod, &and_level, cond);
-  if (!(fda.n_equality_mods= last_eq_mod - fda.equality_mods))
-    return FALSE;  /* No useful conditions */
-
-  if (!(fda.outer_join_dep= new Outer_join_module(my_count_bits(dep_tables))) ||
-      setup_equality_modules_deps(&fda, &bound_modules))
-  {
-    return FALSE; /* OOM, default to non-dependent */ /* purecov: inspected */
-  }
-  
-  DBUG_EXECUTE("test", dbug_print_deps(&fda); );
-
-  /* The forward running wave algorithm: */
-  Value_dep *bound_values= NULL;
-  while (bound_modules)
-  {
-    for (;bound_modules; bound_modules= bound_modules->next)
-    {
-      if (bound_modules->now_bound(&fda, &bound_values))
-        return TRUE; /* Dependent */
-    }
-    for (;bound_values; bound_values=bound_values->next)
-      bound_values->now_bound(&fda, &bound_modules);
-  }
-  return FALSE; /* Not dependent */ 
 }
 
 
-void Table_value::now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, 
-                            Module_dep **bound_modules)
+char *Dep_module_key::init_unbound_values_iter(char *buf)
 {
-  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("table %s is now bound", table->alias));
-  
-  /* Signal to all fields that they are now bound */
-  for (Field_value *field_dep= fields; field_dep;
-       field_dep= field_dep->next_table_field)
-  {
-    if (!field_dep->bound)
-    {
-      /* Mark as bound and add to the list */
-      field_dep->bound= TRUE;
-      field_dep->signal_from_field_to_exprs(fda, bound_modules);
-    }
-  }
-  
-  /* Signal to outer join that one more table is known */
-  if (fda->outer_join_dep->unknown_args && 
-      !--fda->outer_join_dep->unknown_args)
-  {
-    /* Mark as bound and add to the list */
-    fda->outer_join_dep->next= *bound_modules;
-    *bound_modules= fda->outer_join_dep;
-  }
+  Value_iter *iter= ALIGN_PTR(my_ptrdiff_t(buf), Value_iter);
+  iter->table= table;
+  return (char*)iter;
 }
 
 
-void Field_value::now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, 
-                            Module_dep **bound_modules)
+Dep_value* Dep_module_key::get_next_unbound_value(Dep_analysis_context *dac,
+                                                  Dep_module::Iterator iter)
 {
-  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("field %s.%s is now bound", field->table->alias,
-                       field->field_name));
-
-  /* Signal to unique keys and expressions that use this field*/
-  for (Key_module *key_dep= table->keys; key_dep; 
-       key_dep= key_dep->next_table_key)
-  {
-    if (field->part_of_key.is_set(key_dep->keyno) && 
-        key_dep->unknown_args && !--key_dep->unknown_args)
-    {
-      DBUG_PRINT("info", ("key %s.%s is now bound",
-                          key_dep->table->table->alias, 
-                          key_dep->table->table->key_info[key_dep->keyno].name));
-      /* Mark as bound and add to the list */
-      key_dep->next= *bound_modules;
-      *bound_modules= key_dep;
-    }
-  }
-  signal_from_field_to_exprs(fda, bound_modules);
+  Dep_value* res= ((Value_iter*)iter)->table;
+  ((Value_iter*)iter)->table= NULL;
+  return res;
 }
 
 
-/*
-  Walk through expressions that depend on this field and notify them 
-  that this field is now known.
-*/
-void Field_value::signal_from_field_to_exprs(Func_dep_analyzer* fda, 
-                                             Module_dep **bound_modules)
+Dep_value::Iterator Dep_value_field::init_unbound_modules_iter(char *buf)
 {
-  for (uint i=0; i < fda->n_equality_mods; i++)
-  {
-    if (bitmap_is_set(&fda->expr_deps, bitmap_offset + i) &&
-        fda->equality_mods[i].unknown_args &&
-        !--fda->equality_mods[i].unknown_args)
-    {
-      /* Mark as bound and add to the list */
-      Equality_module* eq_mod= &fda->equality_mods[i];
-      eq_mod->next= *bound_modules;
-      *bound_modules= eq_mod;
-    }
-  }
+  Module_iter *iter= ALIGN_PTR(my_ptrdiff_t(buf), Module_iter);
+  iter->key_dep= table->keys;
+  iter->equality_no= 0;
+  return (char*)iter;
 }
 
 
-bool Outer_join_module::now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, 
-                                  Value_dep **bound_values)
+void Dep_value_field::make_unbound_modules_iter_skip_keys(Dep_value::Iterator iter)
 {
-  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Outer join eliminated"));
-  return TRUE; /* Signal out that the search is finished */
+  ((Module_iter*)iter)->key_dep= NULL;
 }
 
 
-bool Equality_module::now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, 
-                                Value_dep **bound_values)
+Dep_module* Dep_value_field::get_next_unbound_module(Dep_analysis_context *dac,
+                                                     Dep_value::Iterator iter)
 {
-  if (mult_equal_fields)
+  Module_iter *di= (Module_iter*)iter;
+  Dep_module_key *key_dep= di->key_dep;
+  
+  /* 
+    First, enumerate all unique keys that are 
+    - not yet applicable
+    - have this field as a part of them
+  */
+  while (key_dep && (key_dep->is_applicable() ||
+         !field->part_of_key.is_set(key_dep->keyno)))
   {
-    /* It's a=b=c=... multiple equality. Mark all equality members as known. */
-    List_iterator<Field_value> it(*mult_equal_fields);
-    Field_value *fv;
-    while ((fv= it++))
-    {
-      if (!fv->bound)
-      {
-        /* Mark as bound and add to the list */
-        fv->bound= TRUE;
-        fv->next= *bound_values;
-        *bound_values= fv;
-      }
-    }
+    key_dep= key_dep->next_table_key;
   }
-  else
+
+  if (key_dep)
   {
-    /* It's a fieldX=exprY equality. Mark exprY as known */
-    if (!field->bound)
-    {
-      /* Mark as bound and add to the list */
-      field->bound= TRUE;
-      field->next= *bound_values;
-      *bound_values= field;
-    }
+    di->key_dep= key_dep->next_table_key;
+    return key_dep;
   }
-  return FALSE;
-}
-
-
-/* Unique key is known means its  table is known */
-
-bool Key_module::now_bound(Func_dep_analyzer *fda, Value_dep **bound_values)
-{
-  if (!table->bound)
+  else 
+    di->key_dep= NULL;
+  
+  /*
+    Then walk through [multi]equalities and find those that
+     - depend on this field
+     - and are not bound yet.
+  */
+  uint eq_no= di->equality_no;
+  while (eq_no < dac->n_equality_mods && 
+         (!bitmap_is_set(&dac->expr_deps, bitmap_offset + eq_no) ||
+         dac->equality_mods[eq_no].is_applicable()))
   {
-    /* Mark as bound and add to the list */
-    table->bound= TRUE;
-    table->next= *bound_values;
-    *bound_values= table;
+    eq_no++;
   }
-  return FALSE;
+  
+  if (eq_no < dac->n_equality_mods)
+  {
+    di->equality_no= eq_no+1;
+    return &dac->equality_mods[eq_no];
+  }
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 
@@ -1490,8 +1769,7 @@ static void mark_as_eliminated(JOIN *join, TABLE_LIST *tbl)
 
 #ifndef DBUG_OFF
 /* purecov: begin inspected */
-static 
-void dbug_print_deps(Func_dep_analyzer *fda)
+void Dep_analysis_context::dbug_print_deps()
 {
   DBUG_ENTER("dbug_print_deps");
   DBUG_LOCK_FILE;
@@ -1499,17 +1777,17 @@ void dbug_print_deps(Func_dep_analyzer *fda)
   fprintf(DBUG_FILE,"deps {\n");
   
   /* Start with printing equalities */
-  for (Equality_module *eq_mod= fda->equality_mods; 
-       eq_mod != fda->equality_mods + fda->n_equality_mods; eq_mod++)
+  for (Dep_module_expr *eq_mod= equality_mods; 
+       eq_mod != equality_mods + n_equality_mods; eq_mod++)
   {
     char buf[128];
     String str(buf, sizeof(buf), &my_charset_bin);
     str.length(0);
-    eq_mod->expression->print(&str, QT_ORDINARY);
+    eq_mod->expr->print(&str, QT_ORDINARY);
     if (eq_mod->field)
     {
       fprintf(DBUG_FILE, "  equality%d: %s -> %s.%s\n", 
-              eq_mod - fda->equality_mods,
+              eq_mod - equality_mods,
               str.c_ptr(),
               eq_mod->field->table->table->alias,
               eq_mod->field->field->field_name);
@@ -1517,7 +1795,7 @@ void dbug_print_deps(Func_dep_analyzer *fda)
     else
     {
       fprintf(DBUG_FILE, "  equality%d: multi-equality", 
-              eq_mod - fda->equality_mods);
+              eq_mod - equality_mods);
     }
   }
   fprintf(DBUG_FILE,"\n");
@@ -1525,21 +1803,21 @@ void dbug_print_deps(Func_dep_analyzer *fda)
   /* Then tables and their fields */
   for (uint i=0; i < MAX_TABLES; i++)
   {
-    Table_value *table_dep;
-    if ((table_dep= fda->table_deps[i]))
+    Dep_value_table *table_dep;
+    if ((table_dep= table_deps[i]))
     {
       /* Print table */
       fprintf(DBUG_FILE, "  table %s\n", table_dep->table->alias);
       /* Print fields */
-      for (Field_value *field_dep= table_dep->fields; field_dep; 
+      for (Dep_value_field *field_dep= table_dep->fields; field_dep; 
            field_dep= field_dep->next_table_field)
       {
         fprintf(DBUG_FILE, "    field %s.%s ->", table_dep->table->alias,
                 field_dep->field->field_name);
         uint ofs= field_dep->bitmap_offset;
-        for (uint bit= ofs; bit < ofs + fda->n_equality_mods; bit++)
+        for (uint bit= ofs; bit < ofs + n_equality_mods; bit++)
         {
-          if (bitmap_is_set(&fda->expr_deps, bit))
+          if (bitmap_is_set(&expr_deps, bit))
             fprintf(DBUG_FILE, " equality%d ", bit - ofs);
         }
         fprintf(DBUG_FILE, "\n");