Fixed following problems:

--Bug#52157 various crashes and assertions with multi-table update, stored function
--Bug#54475 improper error handling causes cascading crashing failures in innodb/ndb
--Bug#57703 create view cause Assertion failed: 0, file .\item_subselect.cc, line 846
--Bug#57352 valgrind warnings when creating view
--Recently discovered problem when a nested materialized derived table is used
  before being populated and it leads to incorrect result

We have several modes when we should disable subquery evaluation.
The reasons for disabling are different. It could be
uselessness of the evaluation as in case of 'CREATE VIEW'
or 'PREPARE stmt', or we should disable subquery evaluation
if tables are not locked yet as it happens in bug#54475, or
too early evaluation of subqueries can lead to wrong result
as it happened in Bug#19077.
Main problem is that if subquery items are treated as const
they are evaluated in ::fix_fields(), ::fix_length_and_dec()
of the parental items as a lot of these methods have
Item::val_...() calls inside.
We have to make subqueries non-const to prevent unnecessary
subquery evaluation. At the moment we have different methods
for this. Here is a list of these modes:

1. PREPARE stmt;
We use UNCACHEABLE_PREPARE flag.
It is set during parsing in sql_parse.cc, mysql_new_select() for
each SELECT_LEX object and cleared at the end of PREPARE in
sql_prepare.cc, init_stmt_after_parse(). If this flag is set
subquery becomes non-const and evaluation does not happen.

2. CREATE|ALTER VIEW, SHOW CREATE VIEW, I_S tables which
   process FRM files
We use LEX::view_prepare_mode field. We set it before
view preparation and check this flag in
::fix_fields(), ::fix_length_and_dec().
Some bugs are fixed using this approach,
some are not(Bug#57352, Bug#57703). The problem here is
that we have a lot of ::fix_fields(), ::fix_length_and_dec()
where we use Item::val_...() calls for const items.

3. Derived tables with subquery = wrong result(Bug19077)
The reason of this bug is too early subquery evaluation.
It was fixed by adding Item::with_subselect field
The check of this field in appropriate places prevents
const item evaluation if the item have subquery.
The fix for Bug19077 fixes only the problem with
convert_constant_item() function and does not cover
other places(::fix_fields(), ::fix_length_and_dec() again)
where subqueries could be evaluated.

Example:
CREATE TABLE t1 (i INT, j BIGINT);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2);
SELECT * FROM (SELECT MIN(i) FROM t1
WHERE j = SUBSTRING('12', (SELECT * FROM (SELECT MIN(j) FROM t1) t2))) t3;
DROP TABLE t1;

4. Derived tables with subquery where subquery
   is evaluated before table locking(Bug#54475, Bug#52157)

Suggested solution is following:

-Introduce new field LEX::context_analysis_only with the following
 possible flags:
 #define CONTEXT_ANALYSIS_ONLY_PREPARE 1
 #define CONTEXT_ANALYSIS_ONLY_VIEW    2
 #define CONTEXT_ANALYSIS_ONLY_DERIVED 4
-Set/clean these flags when we perform
 context analysis operation
-Item_subselect::const_item() returns
 result depending on LEX::context_analysis_only.
 If context_analysis_only is set then we return
 FALSE that means that subquery is non-const.
 As all subquery types are wrapped by Item_subselect
 it allow as to make subquery non-const when
 it's necessary.

1 files changed, 3 insertions, 15 deletions

diff --git a/sql/sql_prepare.cc b/sql/sql_prepare.cc
index 5ba375f9710..aadfb831087 100644
--- a/sql/sql_prepare.cc
+++ b/sql/sql_prepare.cc
@@ -1688,7 +1688,7 @@ static bool mysql_test_create_view(Prepared_statement *stmt)
   if (open_normal_and_derived_tables(thd, tables, 0))
     goto err;
 
-  lex->view_prepare_mode= 1;
+  lex->context_analysis_only|=  CONTEXT_ANALYSIS_ONLY_VIEW;
   res= select_like_stmt_test(stmt, 0, 0);
 
 err:
@@ -2234,19 +2234,6 @@ end:
 }
 
 
-/** Init PS/SP specific parse tree members.  */
-
-static void init_stmt_after_parse(LEX *lex)
-{
-  SELECT_LEX *sl= lex->all_selects_list;
-  /*
-    Switch off a temporary flag that prevents evaluation of
-    subqueries in statement prepare.
-  */
-  for (; sl; sl= sl->next_select_in_list())
-   sl->uncacheable&= ~UNCACHEABLE_PREPARE;
-}
-
 /**
   SQLCOM_PREPARE implementation.
 
@@ -3080,6 +3067,7 @@ bool Prepared_statement::prepare(const char *packet, uint packet_len)
 
   parser_state.m_lip.stmt_prepare_mode= TRUE;
   lex_start(thd);
+  lex->context_analysis_only|= CONTEXT_ANALYSIS_ONLY_PREPARE;
 
   error= parse_sql(thd, & parser_state, NULL) ||
     thd->is_error() ||
@@ -3132,7 +3120,7 @@ bool Prepared_statement::prepare(const char *packet, uint packet_len)
   if (error == 0)
   {
     setup_set_params();
-    init_stmt_after_parse(lex);
+    lex->context_analysis_only&= ~CONTEXT_ANALYSIS_ONLY_PREPARE;
     state= Query_arena::PREPARED;
     flags&= ~ (uint) IS_IN_USE;
     /*