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-<!--$Id: dbm.so,v 10.18 2000/03/01 21:41:29 bostic Exp $-->
-<!--Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 by Sleepycat Software, Inc.-->
-<!--All rights reserved.-->
-<html>
-<head>
-<title>Berkeley DB: dbm/ndbm</title>
-<meta name="description" content="Berkeley DB: An embedded database programmatic toolkit.">
-<meta name="keywords" content="embedded,database,programmatic,toolkit,b+tree,btree,hash,hashing,transaction,transactions,locking,logging,access method,access methods,java,C,C++">
-</head>
-<body bgcolor=white>
- <a name="2"><!--meow--></a>
-<table><tr valign=top>
-<td>
-<h1>dbm/ndbm</h1>
-</td>
-<td width="1%">
-<a href="../api_c/c_index.html"><img src="../images/api.gif" alt="API"></a><a href="../ref/toc.html"><img src="../images/ref.gif" alt="Ref"></a>
-</td></tr></table>
-<hr size=1 noshade>
-<tt>
-<h3><pre>
-#define DB_DBM_HSEARCH 1
-#include &lt;db.h&gt;
-<p>
-typedef struct {
- char *dptr;
- int dsize;
-} datum;
-<hr size=1 noshade>
-<h3>Dbm Functions</h3>
-int
-dbminit(char *file);
-<p>
-int
-dbmclose();
-<p>
-datum
-fetch(datum key);
-<p>
-int
-store(datum key, datum content);
-<p>
-int
-delete(datum key);
-<p>
-datum
-firstkey(void);
-<p>
-datum
-nextkey(datum key);
-<hr size=1 noshade>
-<h3>Ndbm Functions</h3>
-DBM *
-dbm_open(char *file, int flags, int mode);
-<p>
-void
-dbm_close(DBM *db);
-<p>
-datum
-dbm_fetch(DBM *db, datum key);
-<p>
-int
-dbm_store(DBM *db, datum key, datum content, int flags);
-<p>
-int
-dbm_delete(DBM *db, datum key);
-<p>
-datum
-dbm_firstkey(DBM *db);
-<p>
-datum
-dbm_nextkey(DBM *db);
-<p>
-int
-dbm_error(DBM *db);
-<p>
-int
-dbm_clearerr(DBM *db);
-</pre></h3>
-<h1>Description</h1>
-<p>The dbm interfaces to the Berkeley DB library are intended to provide
-high-performance implementations and source code compatibility for
-applications written to historic interfaces. They are not recommended
-for any other purpose. The historic dbm database format
-<b>is not supported</b>, and databases previously built using the real
-dbm libraries cannot be read by the Berkeley DB functions.
-<p>To compile dbm applications, replace the application's
-<b>#include</b> of the dbm or ndbm include file (e.g.,
-<b>#include &lt;dbm.h&gt;</b> or <b>#include &lt;ndbm.h&gt;</b>)
-with the following two lines:
-<p><blockquote><pre>#define DB_DBM_HSEARCH 1
-#include &lt;db.h&gt;</pre></blockquote>
-<p>and recompile. If the application attempts to load against a dbm library
-(e.g., <b>-ldbm</b>), remove the library from the load line.
-<p><b>Key</b> and <b>content</b> arguments are objects described by the
-<b>datum</b> typedef. A <b>datum</b> specifies a string of
-<b>dsize</b> bytes pointed to by <b>dptr</b>. Arbitrary binary data,
-as well as normal text strings, is allowed.
-<h3>Dbm Functions</h3>
-<p>Before a database can be accessed, it must be opened by dbminit.
-This will open and/or create the database <b>file</b>.db. If created,
-the database file is created read/write by owner only (as described in
-<b>chmod</b>(2) and modified by the process' umask value at the time
-of creation (see <b>umask</b>(2)). The group ownership of created
-files is based on the system and directory defaults, and is not further
-specified by Berkeley DB.
-<p>A database may be closed, and any held resources released, by calling
-dbmclose.
-<p>Once open, the data stored under a key is accessed by fetch and
-data is placed under a key by store. A key (and its associated
-contents) is deleted by delete. A linear pass through all keys
-in a database may be made, in an (apparently) random order, by use of
-firstkey and nextkey. The firstkey function will return
-the first key in the database. The nextkey function will return the next
-key in the database.
-<p>The following code will traverse the data base:
-<p><blockquote><pre>for (key = firstkey();
- key.dptr != NULL; key = nextkey(key)) {
- ...
-}</pre></blockquote>
-<h3>Ndbm Functions</h3>
-<p>Before a database can be accessed, it must be opened by dbm_open.
-This will open and/or create the database file <b>file.db</b> depending
-on the flags parameter (see <b>open</b>(2)). If created, the database
-file is created with mode <b>mode</b> (as described in <b>chmod</b>(2)) and modified by the process' umask value at the time of creation (see
-<b>umask</b>(2)). The group ownership of created files is based on
-the system and directory defaults, and is not further specified by
-Berkeley DB.
-<p>Once open, the data stored under a key is accessed by dbm_fetch
-and data is placed under a key by dbm_store. The <b>flags</b>
-field can be either <b>DBM_INSERT</b> or <b>DBM_REPLACE</b>.
-<b>DBM_INSERT</b> will only insert new entries into the database and will
-not change an existing entry with the same key. <b>DBM_REPLACE</b> will
-replace an existing entry if it has the same key. A key (and its
-associated contents) is deleted by dbm_delete. A linear pass
-through all keys in a database may be made, in an (apparently) random
-order, by use of dbm_firstkey and dbm_nextkey. The
-dbm_firstkey function will return the first key in the database. The
-dbm_nextkey function will return the next key in the database.
-<p>The following code will traverse the data base:
-<p><blockquote><pre>for (key = dbm_firstkey(db);
- key.dptr != NULL; key = dbm_nextkey(db)) {
- ...
-}</pre></blockquote>
-<h3>Compatibility Notes</h3>
-<p>The historic dbm library created two underlying database files,
-traditionally named <b>file.dir</b> and <b>file.pag</b>. The Berkeley DB
-library creates a single database file named <b>file.db</b>.
-Applications that are aware of the underlying database file names may
-require additional source code modifications.
-<p>The historic dbminit interface required that the underlying
-<b>.dir</b> and <b>.pag</b> files already exist (empty databases were
-created by first manually creating zero-length <b>.dir</b> and
-<b>.pag</b> files). Applications that expect to create databases using
-this method may require additional source code modifications.
-<p>The historic dbm_dirfno and dbm_pagfno macros are
-supported, but will return identical file descriptors as there is only a
-single underlying file used by the Berkeley DB hashing access method.
-Applications using both file descriptors for locking may require
-additional source code modifications.
-<p>If applications using the dbm interface exits without first
-closing the database, it may lose updates because the Berkeley DB library
-buffers writes to underlying databases. Such applications will require
-additional source code modifications to work correctly with the Berkeley DB
-library.
-<h3>Dbm Diagnostics</h3>
-<p>The dbminit function returns -1 on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and 0 on success.
-<p>The fetch function sets the <b>dptr</b> field of the returned
-<b>datum</b> to NULL on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and returns a non-NULL <b>dptr</b> on success.
-<p>The store function returns -1 on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and 0 on success.
-<p>The delete function returns -1 on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and 0 on success.
-<p>The firstkey function sets the <b>dptr</b> field of the returned
-<b>datum</b> to NULL on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and returns a non-NULL <b>dptr</b> on success.
-<p>The nextkey function sets the <b>dptr</b> field of the returned
-<b>datum</b> to NULL on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and returns a non-NULL <b>dptr</b> on success.
-<h1>Errors</h1>
-<p>The dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey and nextkey functions may fail
-and return a non-zero error for errors specified for other Berkeley DB and C
-library or system functions.
-<h3>Ndbm Diagnostics</h3>
-<p>The dbm_close function returns non-zero when an error has occurred reading or
-writing the database.
-<p>The dbm_close function resets the error condition on the named database.
-<p>The dbm_open function returns NULL on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and 0 on success.
-<p>The dbm_fetch function sets the <b>dptr</b> field of the returned
-<b>datum</b> to NULL on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and returns a non-NULL <b>dptr</b> on success.
-<p>The dbm_store function returns -1 on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-0 on success, and 1 if DBM_INSERT was set and the specified key already
-existed in the database.
-<p>The dbm_delete function returns -1 on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and 0 on success.
-<p>The dbm_firstkey function sets the <b>dptr</b> field of the returned
-<b>datum</b> to NULL on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and returns a non-NULL <b>dptr</b> on success.
-<p>The dbm_nextkey function sets the <b>dptr</b> field of the returned
-<b>datum</b> to NULL on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and returns a non-NULL <b>dptr</b> on success.
-<p>The dbm_close function returns -1 on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and 0 on success.
-<p>The dbm_close function returns -1 on failure, setting <b>errno</b>,
-and 0 on success.
-<h1>Errors</h1>
-<p>The dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey
-and dbm_nextkey functions may fail and return a non-zero error for errors
-specified for other Berkeley DB and C library or system functions.
-</tt>
-<table><tr><td><br></td><td width="1%">
-<a href="../api_c/c_index.html"><img src="../images/api.gif" alt="API"></a><a href="../ref/toc.html"><img src="../images/ref.gif" alt="Ref"></a>
-</td></tr></table>
-<p><font size=1><a href="http://www.sleepycat.com">Copyright Sleepycat Software</a></font>
-</body>
-</html>