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+'\" t
+.\" Title: \fBmyisampack\fR
+.\" Author: [FIXME: author] [see http://docbook.sf.net/el/author]
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.75.2 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\" Date: 04/06/2010
+.\" Manual: MySQL Database System
+.\" Source: MySQL 5.1
+.\" Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "\FBMYISAMPACK\FR" "1" "04/06/2010" "MySQL 5\&.1" "MySQL Database System"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" myisampack
+.\" compressed tables
+.\" tables: compressed
+.\" MyISAM: compressed tables
+.SH "NAME"
+myisampack \- generate compressed, read\-only MyISAM tables
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBmyisampack\ [\fR\fB\fIoptions\fR\fR\fB]\ \fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR\fB\ \&.\&.\&.\fR\ 'u
+\fBmyisampack [\fR\fB\fIoptions\fR\fR\fB] \fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR\fB \&.\&.\&.\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+utility compresses
+MyISAM
+tables\&.
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+works by compressing each column in the table separately\&. Usually,
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+packs the data file 40%\(en70%\&.
+.PP
+When the table is used later, the server reads into memory the information needed to decompress columns\&. This results in much better performance when accessing individual rows, because you only have to uncompress exactly one row\&.
+.PP
+MySQL uses
+mmap()
+when possible to perform memory mapping on compressed tables\&. If
+mmap()
+does not work, MySQL falls back to normal read/write file operations\&.
+.PP
+Please note the following:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+If the
+\fBmysqld\fR
+server was invoked with external locking disabled, it is not a good idea to invoke
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+if the table might be updated by the server during the packing process\&. It is safest to compress tables with the server stopped\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+After packing a table, it becomes read only\&. This is generally intended (such as when accessing packed tables on a CD)\&. Allowing writes to a packed table is on our TODO list, but with low priority\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Invoke
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+like this:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+shell> \fBmyisampack [\fR\fB\fIoptions\fR\fR\fB] \fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR\fB \&.\&.\&.\fR
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Each file name argument should be the name of an index (\&.MYI) file\&. If you are not in the database directory, you should specify the path name to the file\&. It is permissible to omit the
+\&.MYI
+extension\&.
+.PP
+After you compress a table with
+\fBmyisampack\fR, you should use
+\fBmyisamchk \-rq\fR
+to rebuild its indexes\&.
+\fBmyisamchk\fR(1)\&.
+.PP
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+supports the following options\&. It also reads option files and supports the options for processing them described at
+Section\ \&4.2.3.3.1, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: help option
+.\" help option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-help\fR,
+\fB\-?\fR
+.sp
+Display a help message and exit\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: backup option
+.\" backup option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-backup\fR,
+\fB\-b\fR
+.sp
+Make a backup of each table\'s data file using the name
+\fItbl_name\fR\&.OLD\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: character-sets-dir option
+.\" character-sets-dir option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-character\-sets\-dir=\fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR
+.sp
+The directory where character sets are installed\&. See
+Section\ \&9.5, \(lqCharacter Set Configuration\(rq\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: debug option
+.\" debug option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-debug[=\fR\fB\fIdebug_options\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
+\fB\-# [\fR\fB\fIdebug_options\fR\fR\fB]\fR
+.sp
+Write a debugging log\&. A typical
+\fIdebug_options\fR
+string is
+\'d:t:o,\fIfile_name\fR\'\&. The default is
+\'d:t:o\'\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: force option
+.\" force option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-force\fR,
+\fB\-f\fR
+.sp
+Produce a packed table even if it becomes larger than the original or if the intermediate file from an earlier invocation of
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+exists\&. (\fBmyisampack\fR
+creates an intermediate file named
+\fItbl_name\fR\&.TMD
+in the database directory while it compresses the table\&. If you kill
+\fBmyisampack\fR, the
+\&.TMD
+file might not be deleted\&.) Normally,
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+exits with an error if it finds that
+\fItbl_name\fR\&.TMD
+exists\&. With
+\fB\-\-force\fR,
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+packs the table anyway\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: join option
+.\" join option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-join=\fR\fB\fIbig_tbl_name\fR\fR,
+\fB\-j \fR\fB\fIbig_tbl_name\fR\fR
+.sp
+Join all tables named on the command line into a single packed table
+\fIbig_tbl_name\fR\&. All tables that are to be combined
+\fImust\fR
+have identical structure (same column names and types, same indexes, and so forth)\&.
+.sp
+\fIbig_tbl_name\fR
+must not exist prior to the join operation\&. All source tables named on the command line to be merged into
+\fIbig_tbl_name\fR
+must exist\&. The source tables are read for the join operation but not modified\&. The join operation does not create a
+\&.frm
+file for
+\fIbig_tbl_name\fR, so after the join operation finishes, copy the
+\&.frm
+file from one of the source tables and name it
+\fIbig_tbl_name\fR\&.frm\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: silent option
+.\" silent option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-silent\fR,
+\fB\-s\fR
+.sp
+Silent mode\&. Write output only when errors occur\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: test option
+.\" test option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-test\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+.sp
+Do not actually pack the table, just test packing it\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: tmpdir option
+.\" tmpdir option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-tmpdir=\fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR,
+\fB\-T \fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR
+.sp
+Use the named directory as the location where
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+creates temporary files\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: verbose option
+.\" verbose option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-verbose\fR,
+\fB\-v\fR
+.sp
+Verbose mode\&. Write information about the progress of the packing operation and its result\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: version option
+.\" version option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-version\fR,
+\fB\-V\fR
+.sp
+Display version information and exit\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+.\" myisampack: wait option
+.\" wait option: myisampack
+\fB\-\-wait\fR,
+\fB\-w\fR
+.sp
+Wait and retry if the table is in use\&. If the
+\fBmysqld\fR
+server was invoked with external locking disabled, it is not a good idea to invoke
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+if the table might be updated by the server during the packing process\&.
+.RE
+.\" examples: compressed tables
+.PP
+The following sequence of commands illustrates a typical table compression session:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+shell> \fBls \-l station\&.*\fR
+\-rw\-rw\-r\-\- 1 monty my 994128 Apr 17 19:00 station\&.MYD
+\-rw\-rw\-r\-\- 1 monty my 53248 Apr 17 19:00 station\&.MYI
+\-rw\-rw\-r\-\- 1 monty my 5767 Apr 17 19:00 station\&.frm
+shell> \fBmyisamchk \-dvv station\fR
+MyISAM file: station
+Isam\-version: 2
+Creation time: 1996\-03\-13 10:08:58
+Recover time: 1997\-02\-02 3:06:43
+Data records: 1192 Deleted blocks: 0
+Datafile parts: 1192 Deleted data: 0
+Datafile pointer (bytes): 2 Keyfile pointer (bytes): 2
+Max datafile length: 54657023 Max keyfile length: 33554431
+Recordlength: 834
+Record format: Fixed length
+table description:
+Key Start Len Index Type Root Blocksize Rec/key
+1 2 4 unique unsigned long 1024 1024 1
+2 32 30 multip\&. text 10240 1024 1
+Field Start Length Type
+1 1 1
+2 2 4
+3 6 4
+4 10 1
+5 11 20
+6 31 1
+7 32 30
+8 62 35
+9 97 35
+10 132 35
+11 167 4
+12 171 16
+13 187 35
+14 222 4
+15 226 16
+16 242 20
+17 262 20
+18 282 20
+19 302 30
+20 332 4
+21 336 4
+22 340 1
+23 341 8
+24 349 8
+25 357 8
+26 365 2
+27 367 2
+28 369 4
+29 373 4
+30 377 1
+31 378 2
+32 380 8
+33 388 4
+34 392 4
+35 396 4
+36 400 4
+37 404 1
+38 405 4
+39 409 4
+40 413 4
+41 417 4
+42 421 4
+43 425 4
+44 429 20
+45 449 30
+46 479 1
+47 480 1
+48 481 79
+49 560 79
+50 639 79
+51 718 79
+52 797 8
+53 805 1
+54 806 1
+55 807 20
+56 827 4
+57 831 4
+shell> \fBmyisampack station\&.MYI\fR
+Compressing station\&.MYI: (1192 records)
+\- Calculating statistics
+normal: 20 empty\-space: 16 empty\-zero: 12 empty\-fill: 11
+pre\-space: 0 end\-space: 12 table\-lookups: 5 zero: 7
+Original trees: 57 After join: 17
+\- Compressing file
+87\&.14%
+Remember to run myisamchk \-rq on compressed tables
+shell> \fBls \-l station\&.*\fR
+\-rw\-rw\-r\-\- 1 monty my 127874 Apr 17 19:00 station\&.MYD
+\-rw\-rw\-r\-\- 1 monty my 55296 Apr 17 19:04 station\&.MYI
+\-rw\-rw\-r\-\- 1 monty my 5767 Apr 17 19:00 station\&.frm
+shell> \fBmyisamchk \-dvv station\fR
+MyISAM file: station
+Isam\-version: 2
+Creation time: 1996\-03\-13 10:08:58
+Recover time: 1997\-04\-17 19:04:26
+Data records: 1192 Deleted blocks: 0
+Datafile parts: 1192 Deleted data: 0
+Datafile pointer (bytes): 3 Keyfile pointer (bytes): 1
+Max datafile length: 16777215 Max keyfile length: 131071
+Recordlength: 834
+Record format: Compressed
+table description:
+Key Start Len Index Type Root Blocksize Rec/key
+1 2 4 unique unsigned long 10240 1024 1
+2 32 30 multip\&. text 54272 1024 1
+Field Start Length Type Huff tree Bits
+1 1 1 constant 1 0
+2 2 4 zerofill(1) 2 9
+3 6 4 no zeros, zerofill(1) 2 9
+4 10 1 3 9
+5 11 20 table\-lookup 4 0
+6 31 1 3 9
+7 32 30 no endspace, not_always 5 9
+8 62 35 no endspace, not_always, no empty 6 9
+9 97 35 no empty 7 9
+10 132 35 no endspace, not_always, no empty 6 9
+11 167 4 zerofill(1) 2 9
+12 171 16 no endspace, not_always, no empty 5 9
+13 187 35 no endspace, not_always, no empty 6 9
+14 222 4 zerofill(1) 2 9
+15 226 16 no endspace, not_always, no empty 5 9
+16 242 20 no endspace, not_always 8 9
+17 262 20 no endspace, no empty 8 9
+18 282 20 no endspace, no empty 5 9
+19 302 30 no endspace, no empty 6 9
+20 332 4 always zero 2 9
+21 336 4 always zero 2 9
+22 340 1 3 9
+23 341 8 table\-lookup 9 0
+24 349 8 table\-lookup 10 0
+25 357 8 always zero 2 9
+26 365 2 2 9
+27 367 2 no zeros, zerofill(1) 2 9
+28 369 4 no zeros, zerofill(1) 2 9
+29 373 4 table\-lookup 11 0
+30 377 1 3 9
+31 378 2 no zeros, zerofill(1) 2 9
+32 380 8 no zeros 2 9
+33 388 4 always zero 2 9
+34 392 4 table\-lookup 12 0
+35 396 4 no zeros, zerofill(1) 13 9
+36 400 4 no zeros, zerofill(1) 2 9
+37 404 1 2 9
+38 405 4 no zeros 2 9
+39 409 4 always zero 2 9
+40 413 4 no zeros 2 9
+41 417 4 always zero 2 9
+42 421 4 no zeros 2 9
+43 425 4 always zero 2 9
+44 429 20 no empty 3 9
+45 449 30 no empty 3 9
+46 479 1 14 4
+47 480 1 14 4
+48 481 79 no endspace, no empty 15 9
+49 560 79 no empty 2 9
+50 639 79 no empty 2 9
+51 718 79 no endspace 16 9
+52 797 8 no empty 2 9
+53 805 1 17 1
+54 806 1 3 9
+55 807 20 no empty 3 9
+56 827 4 no zeros, zerofill(2) 2 9
+57 831 4 no zeros, zerofill(1) 2 9
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+\fBmyisampack\fR
+displays the following kinds of information:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+normal
+.sp
+The number of columns for which no extra packing is used\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+empty\-space
+.sp
+The number of columns containing values that are only spaces\&. These occupy one bit\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+empty\-zero
+.sp
+The number of columns containing values that are only binary zeros\&. These occupy one bit\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+empty\-fill
+.sp
+The number of integer columns that do not occupy the full byte range of their type\&. These are changed to a smaller type\&. For example, a
+BIGINT
+column (eight bytes) can be stored as a
+TINYINT
+column (one byte) if all its values are in the range from
+\-128
+to
+127\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+pre\-space
+.sp
+The number of decimal columns that are stored with leading spaces\&. In this case, each value contains a count for the number of leading spaces\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+end\-space
+.sp
+The number of columns that have a lot of trailing spaces\&. In this case, each value contains a count for the number of trailing spaces\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+table\-lookup
+.sp
+The column had only a small number of different values, which were converted to an
+ENUM
+before Huffman compression\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+zero
+.sp
+The number of columns for which all values are zero\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Original trees
+.sp
+The initial number of Huffman trees\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+After join
+.sp
+The number of distinct Huffman trees left after joining trees to save some header space\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+After a table has been compressed, the
+Field
+lines displayed by
+\fBmyisamchk \-dvv\fR
+include additional information about each column:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Type
+.sp
+The data type\&. The value may contain any of the following descriptors:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+constant
+.sp
+All rows have the same value\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+no endspace
+.sp
+Do not store endspace\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+no endspace, not_always
+.sp
+Do not store endspace and do not do endspace compression for all values\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+no endspace, no empty
+.sp
+Do not store endspace\&. Do not store empty values\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+table\-lookup
+.sp
+The column was converted to an
+ENUM\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+zerofill(\fIN\fR)
+.sp
+The most significant
+\fIN\fR
+bytes in the value are always 0 and are not stored\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+no zeros
+.sp
+Do not store zeros\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+always zero
+.sp
+Zero values are stored using one bit\&.
+.RE
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Huff tree
+.sp
+The number of the Huffman tree associated with the column\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+Bits
+.sp
+The number of bits used in the Huffman tree\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+After you run
+\fBmyisampack\fR, you must run
+\fBmyisamchk\fR
+to re\-create any indexes\&. At this time, you can also sort the index blocks and create statistics needed for the MySQL optimizer to work more efficiently:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+shell> \fBmyisamchk \-rq \-\-sort\-index \-\-analyze \fR\fB\fItbl_name\fR\fR\fB\&.MYI\fR
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+After you have installed the packed table into the MySQL database directory, you should execute
+\fBmysqladmin flush\-tables\fR
+to force
+\fBmysqld\fR
+to start using the new table\&.
+.PP
+To unpack a packed table, use the
+\fB\-\-unpack\fR
+option to
+\fBmyisamchk\fR\&.
+.SH "COPYRIGHT"
+.br
+.PP
+Copyright 2007-2008 MySQL AB, 2008-2010 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+.PP
+This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+.PP
+This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+.PP
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+.sp
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual,
+which may already be installed locally and which is also available
+online at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Sun Microsystems, Inc. (http://www.mysql.com/).
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