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Diffstat (limited to 'pcre/doc/pcredemo.3')
| -rw-r--r-- | pcre/doc/pcredemo.3 | 424 |
1 files changed, 424 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/pcre/doc/pcredemo.3 b/pcre/doc/pcredemo.3 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..194629b1fac --- /dev/null +++ b/pcre/doc/pcredemo.3 @@ -0,0 +1,424 @@ +.\" Start example. +.de EX +. nr mE \\n(.f +. nf +. nh +. ft CW +.. +. +. +.\" End example. +.de EE +. ft \\n(mE +. fi +. hy \\n(HY +.. +. +.EX +/************************************************* +* PCRE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM * +*************************************************/ + +/* This is a demonstration program to illustrate the most straightforward ways +of calling the PCRE regular expression library from a C program. See the +pcresample documentation for a short discussion ("man pcresample" if you have +the PCRE man pages installed). + +In Unix-like environments, if PCRE is installed in your standard system +libraries, you should be able to compile this program using this command: + +gcc -Wall pcredemo.c -lpcre -o pcredemo + +If PCRE is not installed in a standard place, it is likely to be installed with +support for the pkg-config mechanism. If you have pkg-config, you can compile +this program using this command: + +gcc -Wall pcredemo.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs libpcre` -o pcredemo + +If you do not have pkg-config, you may have to use this: + +gcc -Wall pcredemo.c -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib \e + -R/usr/local/lib -lpcre -o pcredemo + +Replace "/usr/local/include" and "/usr/local/lib" with wherever the include and +library files for PCRE are installed on your system. Only some operating +systems (e.g. Solaris) use the -R option. + +Building under Windows: + +If you want to statically link this program against a non-dll .a file, you must +define PCRE_STATIC before including pcre.h, otherwise the pcre_malloc() and +pcre_free() exported functions will be declared __declspec(dllimport), with +unwanted results. So in this environment, uncomment the following line. */ + +/* #define PCRE_STATIC */ + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <pcre.h> + +#define OVECCOUNT 30 /* should be a multiple of 3 */ + + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ +pcre *re; +const char *error; +char *pattern; +char *subject; +unsigned char *name_table; +unsigned int option_bits; +int erroffset; +int find_all; +int crlf_is_newline; +int namecount; +int name_entry_size; +int ovector[OVECCOUNT]; +int subject_length; +int rc, i; +int utf8; + + +/************************************************************************** +* First, sort out the command line. There is only one possible option at * +* the moment, "-g" to request repeated matching to find all occurrences, * +* like Perl's /g option. We set the variable find_all to a non-zero value * +* if the -g option is present. Apart from that, there must be exactly two * +* arguments. * +**************************************************************************/ + +find_all = 0; +for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) + { + if (strcmp(argv[i], "-g") == 0) find_all = 1; + else break; + } + +/* After the options, we require exactly two arguments, which are the pattern, +and the subject string. */ + +if (argc - i != 2) + { + printf("Two arguments required: a regex and a subject string\en"); + return 1; + } + +pattern = argv[i]; +subject = argv[i+1]; +subject_length = (int)strlen(subject); + + +/************************************************************************* +* Now we are going to compile the regular expression pattern, and handle * +* and errors that are detected. * +*************************************************************************/ + +re = pcre_compile( + pattern, /* the pattern */ + 0, /* default options */ + &error, /* for error message */ + &erroffset, /* for error offset */ + NULL); /* use default character tables */ + +/* Compilation failed: print the error message and exit */ + +if (re == NULL) + { + printf("PCRE compilation failed at offset %d: %s\en", erroffset, error); + return 1; + } + + +/************************************************************************* +* If the compilation succeeded, we call PCRE again, in order to do a * +* pattern match against the subject string. This does just ONE match. If * +* further matching is needed, it will be done below. * +*************************************************************************/ + +rc = pcre_exec( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + subject, /* the subject string */ + subject_length, /* the length of the subject */ + 0, /* start at offset 0 in the subject */ + 0, /* default options */ + ovector, /* output vector for substring information */ + OVECCOUNT); /* number of elements in the output vector */ + +/* Matching failed: handle error cases */ + +if (rc < 0) + { + switch(rc) + { + case PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH: printf("No match\en"); break; + /* + Handle other special cases if you like + */ + default: printf("Matching error %d\en", rc); break; + } + pcre_free(re); /* Release memory used for the compiled pattern */ + return 1; + } + +/* Match succeded */ + +printf("\enMatch succeeded at offset %d\en", ovector[0]); + + +/************************************************************************* +* We have found the first match within the subject string. If the output * +* vector wasn't big enough, say so. Then output any substrings that were * +* captured. * +*************************************************************************/ + +/* The output vector wasn't big enough */ + +if (rc == 0) + { + rc = OVECCOUNT/3; + printf("ovector only has room for %d captured substrings\en", rc - 1); + } + +/* Show substrings stored in the output vector by number. Obviously, in a real +application you might want to do things other than print them. */ + +for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) + { + char *substring_start = subject + ovector[2*i]; + int substring_length = ovector[2*i+1] - ovector[2*i]; + printf("%2d: %.*s\en", i, substring_length, substring_start); + } + + +/************************************************************************** +* That concludes the basic part of this demonstration program. We have * +* compiled a pattern, and performed a single match. The code that follows * +* shows first how to access named substrings, and then how to code for * +* repeated matches on the same subject. * +**************************************************************************/ + +/* See if there are any named substrings, and if so, show them by name. First +we have to extract the count of named parentheses from the pattern. */ + +(void)pcre_fullinfo( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + PCRE_INFO_NAMECOUNT, /* number of named substrings */ + &namecount); /* where to put the answer */ + +if (namecount <= 0) printf("No named substrings\en"); else + { + unsigned char *tabptr; + printf("Named substrings\en"); + + /* Before we can access the substrings, we must extract the table for + translating names to numbers, and the size of each entry in the table. */ + + (void)pcre_fullinfo( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + PCRE_INFO_NAMETABLE, /* address of the table */ + &name_table); /* where to put the answer */ + + (void)pcre_fullinfo( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + PCRE_INFO_NAMEENTRYSIZE, /* size of each entry in the table */ + &name_entry_size); /* where to put the answer */ + + /* Now we can scan the table and, for each entry, print the number, the name, + and the substring itself. */ + + tabptr = name_table; + for (i = 0; i < namecount; i++) + { + int n = (tabptr[0] << 8) | tabptr[1]; + printf("(%d) %*s: %.*s\en", n, name_entry_size - 3, tabptr + 2, + ovector[2*n+1] - ovector[2*n], subject + ovector[2*n]); + tabptr += name_entry_size; + } + } + + +/************************************************************************* +* If the "-g" option was given on the command line, we want to continue * +* to search for additional matches in the subject string, in a similar * +* way to the /g option in Perl. This turns out to be trickier than you * +* might think because of the possibility of matching an empty string. * +* What happens is as follows: * +* * +* If the previous match was NOT for an empty string, we can just start * +* the next match at the end of the previous one. * +* * +* If the previous match WAS for an empty string, we can't do that, as it * +* would lead to an infinite loop. Instead, a special call of pcre_exec() * +* is made with the PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART and PCRE_ANCHORED flags set. * +* The first of these tells PCRE that an empty string at the start of the * +* subject is not a valid match; other possibilities must be tried. The * +* second flag restricts PCRE to one match attempt at the initial string * +* position. If this match succeeds, an alternative to the empty string * +* match has been found, and we can print it and proceed round the loop, * +* advancing by the length of whatever was found. If this match does not * +* succeed, we still stay in the loop, advancing by just one character. * +* In UTF-8 mode, which can be set by (*UTF8) in the pattern, this may be * +* more than one byte. * +* * +* However, there is a complication concerned with newlines. When the * +* newline convention is such that CRLF is a valid newline, we must * +* advance by two characters rather than one. The newline convention can * +* be set in the regex by (*CR), etc.; if not, we must find the default. * +*************************************************************************/ + +if (!find_all) /* Check for -g */ + { + pcre_free(re); /* Release the memory used for the compiled pattern */ + return 0; /* Finish unless -g was given */ + } + +/* Before running the loop, check for UTF-8 and whether CRLF is a valid newline +sequence. First, find the options with which the regex was compiled; extract +the UTF-8 state, and mask off all but the newline options. */ + +(void)pcre_fullinfo(re, NULL, PCRE_INFO_OPTIONS, &option_bits); +utf8 = option_bits & PCRE_UTF8; +option_bits &= PCRE_NEWLINE_CR|PCRE_NEWLINE_LF|PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF| + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY|PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF; + +/* If no newline options were set, find the default newline convention from the +build configuration. */ + +if (option_bits == 0) + { + int d; + (void)pcre_config(PCRE_CONFIG_NEWLINE, &d); + /* Note that these values are always the ASCII ones, even in + EBCDIC environments. CR = 13, NL = 10. */ + option_bits = (d == 13)? PCRE_NEWLINE_CR : + (d == 10)? PCRE_NEWLINE_LF : + (d == (13<<8 | 10))? PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF : + (d == -2)? PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF : + (d == -1)? PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY : 0; + } + +/* See if CRLF is a valid newline sequence. */ + +crlf_is_newline = + option_bits == PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY || + option_bits == PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF || + option_bits == PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF; + +/* Loop for second and subsequent matches */ + +for (;;) + { + int options = 0; /* Normally no options */ + int start_offset = ovector[1]; /* Start at end of previous match */ + + /* If the previous match was for an empty string, we are finished if we are + at the end of the subject. Otherwise, arrange to run another match at the + same point to see if a non-empty match can be found. */ + + if (ovector[0] == ovector[1]) + { + if (ovector[0] == subject_length) break; + options = PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART | PCRE_ANCHORED; + } + + /* Run the next matching operation */ + + rc = pcre_exec( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + subject, /* the subject string */ + subject_length, /* the length of the subject */ + start_offset, /* starting offset in the subject */ + options, /* options */ + ovector, /* output vector for substring information */ + OVECCOUNT); /* number of elements in the output vector */ + + /* This time, a result of NOMATCH isn't an error. If the value in "options" + is zero, it just means we have found all possible matches, so the loop ends. + Otherwise, it means we have failed to find a non-empty-string match at a + point where there was a previous empty-string match. In this case, we do what + Perl does: advance the matching position by one character, and continue. We + do this by setting the "end of previous match" offset, because that is picked + up at the top of the loop as the point at which to start again. + + There are two complications: (a) When CRLF is a valid newline sequence, and + the current position is just before it, advance by an extra byte. (b) + Otherwise we must ensure that we skip an entire UTF-8 character if we are in + UTF-8 mode. */ + + if (rc == PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH) + { + if (options == 0) break; /* All matches found */ + ovector[1] = start_offset + 1; /* Advance one byte */ + if (crlf_is_newline && /* If CRLF is newline & */ + start_offset < subject_length - 1 && /* we are at CRLF, */ + subject[start_offset] == '\er' && + subject[start_offset + 1] == '\en') + ovector[1] += 1; /* Advance by one more. */ + else if (utf8) /* Otherwise, ensure we */ + { /* advance a whole UTF-8 */ + while (ovector[1] < subject_length) /* character. */ + { + if ((subject[ovector[1]] & 0xc0) != 0x80) break; + ovector[1] += 1; + } + } + continue; /* Go round the loop again */ + } + + /* Other matching errors are not recoverable. */ + + if (rc < 0) + { + printf("Matching error %d\en", rc); + pcre_free(re); /* Release memory used for the compiled pattern */ + return 1; + } + + /* Match succeded */ + + printf("\enMatch succeeded again at offset %d\en", ovector[0]); + + /* The match succeeded, but the output vector wasn't big enough. */ + + if (rc == 0) + { + rc = OVECCOUNT/3; + printf("ovector only has room for %d captured substrings\en", rc - 1); + } + + /* As before, show substrings stored in the output vector by number, and then + also any named substrings. */ + + for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) + { + char *substring_start = subject + ovector[2*i]; + int substring_length = ovector[2*i+1] - ovector[2*i]; + printf("%2d: %.*s\en", i, substring_length, substring_start); + } + + if (namecount <= 0) printf("No named substrings\en"); else + { + unsigned char *tabptr = name_table; + printf("Named substrings\en"); + for (i = 0; i < namecount; i++) + { + int n = (tabptr[0] << 8) | tabptr[1]; + printf("(%d) %*s: %.*s\en", n, name_entry_size - 3, tabptr + 2, + ovector[2*n+1] - ovector[2*n], subject + ovector[2*n]); + tabptr += name_entry_size; + } + } + } /* End of loop to find second and subsequent matches */ + +printf("\en"); +pcre_free(re); /* Release memory used for the compiled pattern */ +return 0; +} + +/* End of pcredemo.c */ +.EE |