create table t1 (a int, b int) engine=MyISAM; create table t2 (c int, d int) engine=MyISAM; insert into t1 values (1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(2,2),(4,4),(4,4),(4,4); insert into t2 values (1,1),(1,1),(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(3,3),(5,5); select * from t1 except select * from t2; a b 4 4 select * from t1 except all select * from t2; a b 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 select * from t1 except all select c+1,d+1 from t2; a b 1 1 4 4 (select * from t1) except all (select * from t2); a b 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 select * from ((select * from t1) except all (select * from t2)) a; a b 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 select * from ((select a from t1) except all (select c from t2)) a; a 4 2 4 4 select * from t1 except all select * from t1 union all select * from t1 union all select * from t1 except select * from t2; a b 4 4 select * from t1 except all select * from t1 union all select * from t1 union all select * from t1 except all select * from t2; a b 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 select * from (select * from t1 except all select * from t2) q1 except all select * from (select * from t1 except all select * from t2) q2; a b EXPLAIN select * from t1 except all select * from t2; id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 7 2 EXCEPT t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 7 NULL EXCEPT RESULT ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL EXPLAIN format=json select * from t1 except all select * from t2; EXPLAIN { "query_block": { "union_result": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "query_specifications": [ { "query_block": { "select_id": 1, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t1", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "rows": 7, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "filtered": 100 } } ] } }, { "query_block": { "select_id": 2, "operation": "EXCEPT", "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t2", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "rows": 7, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "filtered": 100 } } ] } } ] } } } EXPLAIN extended (select * from t1) except all (select * from t2); id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 PRIMARY t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 7 100.00 2 EXCEPT t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 7 100.00 NULL EXCEPT RESULT ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL Warnings: Note 1003 (/* select#1 */ select `test`.`t1`.`a` AS `a`,`test`.`t1`.`b` AS `b` from `test`.`t1`) except all (/* select#2 */ select `test`.`t2`.`c` AS `c`,`test`.`t2`.`d` AS `d` from `test`.`t2`) EXPLAIN extended select * from ((select * from t1) except all (select * from t2)) a; id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 PRIMARY ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 7 100.00 2 DERIVED t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 7 100.00 3 EXCEPT t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 7 100.00 NULL EXCEPT RESULT ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL Warnings: Note 1003 /* select#1 */ select `a`.`a` AS `a`,`a`.`b` AS `b` from ((/* select#2 */ select `test`.`t1`.`a` AS `a`,`test`.`t1`.`b` AS `b` from `test`.`t1`) except all (/* select#3 */ select `test`.`t2`.`c` AS `c`,`test`.`t2`.`d` AS `d` from `test`.`t2`)) `a` ANALYZE format=json select * from ((select a,b from t1) except all (select c,d from t2)) a; ANALYZE { "query_optimization": { "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED" }, "query_block": { "select_id": 1, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 7, "r_rows": 4, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100, "materialized": { "query_block": { "union_result": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "r_loops": 1, "r_rows": 4, "query_specifications": [ { "query_block": { "select_id": 2, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t1", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 7, "r_rows": 7, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 } } ] } }, { "query_block": { "select_id": 3, "operation": "EXCEPT", "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t2", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 7, "r_rows": 7, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 } } ] } } ] } } } } } ] } } ANALYZE format=json select * from ((select a from t1) except all (select c from t2)) a; ANALYZE { "query_optimization": { "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED" }, "query_block": { "select_id": 1, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 7, "r_rows": 4, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100, "materialized": { "query_block": { "union_result": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "r_loops": 1, "r_rows": 4, "query_specifications": [ { "query_block": { "select_id": 2, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t1", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 7, "r_rows": 7, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 } } ] } }, { "query_block": { "select_id": 3, "operation": "EXCEPT", "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t2", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 7, "r_rows": 7, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 } } ] } } ] } } } } } ] } } select * from ((select a from t1) except all (select c from t2)) a; a 4 2 4 4 prepare stmt from "(select a,b from t1) except all (select c,d from t2)"; execute stmt; a b 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 execute stmt; a b 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 prepare stmt from "select * from ((select a,b from t1) except all (select c,d from t2)) a"; execute stmt; a b 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 execute stmt; a b 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 drop tables t1,t2; create table t1 (a int, b int) engine=MyISAM; create table t2 (c int, d int) engine=MyISAM; create table t3 (e int, f int) engine=MyISAM; create table t4 (g int, h int) engine=MyISAM; insert into t1 values (1,1),(2,2),(2,2); insert into t2 values (2,2),(3,3); insert into t3 values (4,4),(5,5),(4,4); insert into t4 values (4,4),(7,7),(4,4); (select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4); a b e f 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 5 5 2 2 5 5 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 5 select * from ((select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4)) t; a b e f 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 5 5 2 2 5 5 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 5 (select * from t1,t3) except all (select * from t2,t4); a b e f 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 5 5 2 2 5 5 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 5 (select a,b,e from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g from t2,t4); a b e 1 1 4 2 2 4 1 1 5 2 2 5 1 1 4 2 2 4 2 2 5 EXPLAIN (select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4); id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 1 PRIMARY t3 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join) 2 EXCEPT t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 2 EXCEPT t4 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join) NULL EXCEPT RESULT ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL EXPLAIN select * from ((select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4)) t; id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 9 2 DERIVED t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 2 DERIVED t3 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join) 3 EXCEPT t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 3 EXCEPT t4 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join) NULL EXCEPT RESULT ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL EXPLAIN extended select * from ((select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4)) t; id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 PRIMARY ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 9 100.00 2 DERIVED t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 100.00 2 DERIVED t3 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 100.00 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join) 3 EXCEPT t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 3 EXCEPT t4 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 100.00 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join) NULL EXCEPT RESULT ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL Warnings: Note 1003 /* select#1 */ select `t`.`a` AS `a`,`t`.`b` AS `b`,`t`.`e` AS `e`,`t`.`f` AS `f` from ((/* select#2 */ select `test`.`t1`.`a` AS `a`,`test`.`t1`.`b` AS `b`,`test`.`t3`.`e` AS `e`,`test`.`t3`.`f` AS `f` from `test`.`t1` join `test`.`t3`) except all (/* select#3 */ select `test`.`t2`.`c` AS `c`,`test`.`t2`.`d` AS `d`,`test`.`t4`.`g` AS `g`,`test`.`t4`.`h` AS `h` from `test`.`t2` join `test`.`t4`)) `t` EXPLAIN format=json select * from ((select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4)) t; EXPLAIN { "query_block": { "select_id": 1, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "rows": 9, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "materialized": { "query_block": { "union_result": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "query_specifications": [ { "query_block": { "select_id": 2, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t1", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "rows": 3, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "filtered": 100 } }, { "block-nl-join": { "table": { "table_name": "t3", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 3, "rows": 3, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "filtered": 100 }, "buffer_type": "flat", "buffer_size": "119", "join_type": "BNL" } } ] } }, { "query_block": { "select_id": 3, "operation": "EXCEPT", "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t2", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "rows": 2, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "filtered": 100 } }, { "block-nl-join": { "table": { "table_name": "t4", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 2, "rows": 3, "cost": "COST_REPLACED", "filtered": 100 }, "buffer_type": "flat", "buffer_size": "119", "join_type": "BNL" } } ] } } ] } } } } } ] } } ANALYZE format=json (select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4); ANALYZE { "query_optimization": { "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED" }, "query_block": { "union_result": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "r_loops": 1, "r_rows": 7, "query_specifications": [ { "query_block": { "select_id": 1, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t1", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 3, "r_rows": 3, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 } }, { "block-nl-join": { "table": { "table_name": "t3", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 3, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 3, "r_rows": 3, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 }, "buffer_type": "flat", "buffer_size": "119", "join_type": "BNL", "r_filtered": 100, "r_unpack_time_ms": "REPLACED" } } ] } }, { "query_block": { "select_id": 2, "operation": "EXCEPT", "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t2", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 2, "r_rows": 2, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 } }, { "block-nl-join": { "table": { "table_name": "t4", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 2, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 3, "r_rows": 3, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 }, "buffer_type": "flat", "buffer_size": "119", "join_type": "BNL", "r_filtered": 100, "r_unpack_time_ms": "REPLACED" } } ] } } ] } } } ANALYZE format=json select * from ((select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4)) t; ANALYZE { "query_optimization": { "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED" }, "query_block": { "select_id": 1, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 9, "r_rows": 7, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100, "materialized": { "query_block": { "union_result": { "table_name": "", "access_type": "ALL", "r_loops": 1, "r_rows": 7, "query_specifications": [ { "query_block": { "select_id": 2, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t1", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 3, "r_rows": 3, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 } }, { "block-nl-join": { "table": { "table_name": "t3", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 3, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 3, "r_rows": 3, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 }, "buffer_type": "flat", "buffer_size": "119", "join_type": "BNL", "r_filtered": 100, "r_unpack_time_ms": "REPLACED" } } ] } }, { "query_block": { "select_id": 3, "operation": "EXCEPT", "cost": "REPLACED", "r_loops": 1, "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED", "nested_loop": [ { "table": { "table_name": "t2", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 1, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 2, "r_rows": 2, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 } }, { "block-nl-join": { "table": { "table_name": "t4", "access_type": "ALL", "loops": 2, "r_loops": 1, "rows": 3, "r_rows": 3, "cost": "REPLACED", "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED", "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED", "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 }, "buffer_type": "flat", "buffer_size": "119", "join_type": "BNL", "r_filtered": 100, "r_unpack_time_ms": "REPLACED" } } ] } } ] } } } } } ] } } prepare stmt from "(select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4)"; execute stmt; a b e f 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 5 5 2 2 5 5 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 5 execute stmt; a b e f 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 5 5 2 2 5 5 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 5 prepare stmt from "select * from ((select a,b,e,f from t1,t3) except all (select c,d,g,h from t2,t4)) a"; execute stmt; a b e f 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 5 5 2 2 5 5 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 5 execute stmt; a b e f 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 5 5 2 2 5 5 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 5 drop tables t1,t2,t3,t4; select 1 as a from dual except all select 1 from dual; a (select 1 from dual) except all (select 1 from dual); 1 (select 1 from dual into @v) except all (select 1 from dual); ERROR 42000: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'into @v) except all (select 1 from dual)' at line 1 select 1 from dual ORDER BY 1 except all select 1 from dual; ERROR 42000: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'except all select 1 from dual' at line 1 select 1 as a from dual union all select 1 from dual; a 1 1 create table t1 (a int, b blob, a1 int, b1 blob) engine=MyISAM; create table t2 (c int, d blob, c1 int, d1 blob) engine=MyISAM; insert into t1 values (1,"ddd", 1, "sdfrrwwww"),(2, "fgh", 2, "dffggtt"),(2, "fgh", 2, "dffggtt"); insert into t2 values (2, "fgh", 2, "dffggtt"),(3, "ffggddd", 3, "dfgg"); (select a,b,b1 from t1) except all (select c,d,d1 from t2); a b b1 1 ddd sdfrrwwww 2 fgh dffggtt create table t3 (select a,b,b1 from t1) except all (select c,d,d1 from t2); show create table t3; Table Create Table t3 CREATE TABLE `t3` ( `a` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `b` blob DEFAULT NULL, `b1` blob DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_swedish_ci drop tables t1,t2,t3; CREATE TABLE t (i INT); INSERT INTO t VALUES (1),(2); SELECT * FROM t WHERE i != ANY ( SELECT 3 EXCEPT ALL SELECT 3 ); i drop table t;