create table t1(a int not null, b int, c char(10) not null, d varchar(20)) engine = innodb;
insert into t1 values (5,5,'oo','oo'),(4,4,'tr','tr'),(3,4,'ad','ad'),(2,3,'ak','ak');
commit;
alter table t1 add index b (b), add index b (b);
ERROR 42000: Duplicate key name 'b'
alter table t1 add index (b,b);
ERROR 42S21: Duplicate column name 'b'
alter table t1 add index d2 (d);
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) NOT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  KEY `d2` (`d`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
explain select * from t1 force index(d2) order by d;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	d2	23	NULL	4	
select * from t1 force index (d2) order by d;
a	b	c	d
3	4	ad	ad
2	3	ak	ak
5	5	oo	oo
4	4	tr	tr
alter table t1 add unique index (b);
ERROR 23000: Duplicate entry '4' for key 'b'
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) NOT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  KEY `d2` (`d`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
alter table t1 add index (b);
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) NOT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  KEY `d2` (`d`),
  KEY `b` (`b`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
CREATE TABLE `t1#1`(a INT PRIMARY KEY) ENGINE=InnoDB;
call mtr.add_suppression(" table `test`\\.`t1#[12]` already exists in InnoDB internal");
alter table t1 add unique index (c), add index (d);
ERROR HY000: Table 'test.t1#1' already exists
rename table `t1#1` to `t1#2`;
alter table t1 add unique index (c), add index (d);
ERROR HY000: Table 'test.t1#2' already exists
drop table `t1#2`;
alter table t1 add unique index (c), add index (d);
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) NOT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY `c` (`c`),
  KEY `d2` (`d`),
  KEY `b` (`b`),
  KEY `d` (`d`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
explain select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	c	10	NULL	4	
alter table t1 add primary key (a), drop index c;
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) NOT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  KEY `d2` (`d`),
  KEY `b` (`b`),
  KEY `d` (`d`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
alter table t1 add primary key (c);
ERROR 42000: Multiple primary key defined
alter table t1 drop primary key, add primary key (b);
ERROR 23000: Duplicate entry '4' for key 'PRIMARY'
create unique index c on t1 (c);
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) NOT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `c` (`c`),
  KEY `d2` (`d`),
  KEY `b` (`b`),
  KEY `d` (`d`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
explain select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	c	10	NULL	4	
select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
a	b	c	d
3	4	ad	ad
2	3	ak	ak
5	5	oo	oo
4	4	tr	tr
alter table t1 drop index b, add index (b);
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) NOT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `c` (`c`),
  KEY `d2` (`d`),
  KEY `d` (`d`),
  KEY `b` (`b`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
insert into t1 values(6,1,'ggg','ggg');
select * from t1;
a	b	c	d
2	3	ak	ak
3	4	ad	ad
4	4	tr	tr
5	5	oo	oo
6	1	ggg	ggg
select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
a	b	c	d
6	1	ggg	ggg
2	3	ak	ak
3	4	ad	ad
4	4	tr	tr
5	5	oo	oo
select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
a	b	c	d
3	4	ad	ad
2	3	ak	ak
6	1	ggg	ggg
5	5	oo	oo
4	4	tr	tr
select * from t1 force index(d) order by d;
a	b	c	d
3	4	ad	ad
2	3	ak	ak
6	1	ggg	ggg
5	5	oo	oo
4	4	tr	tr
explain select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	b	5	NULL	5	
explain select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	c	10	NULL	5	
explain select * from t1 force index(d) order by d;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	d	23	NULL	5	
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) NOT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `c` (`c`),
  KEY `d2` (`d`),
  KEY `d` (`d`),
  KEY `b` (`b`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null, b int, c char(10), d varchar(20), primary key (a)) engine = innodb;
insert into t1 values (1,1,'ab','ab'),(2,2,'ac','ac'),(3,3,'ad','ad'),(4,4,'afe','afe');
commit;
alter table t1 add index (c(2));
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  KEY `c` (`c`(2))
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
alter table t1 add unique index (d(10));
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `d` (`d`(10)),
  KEY `c` (`c`(2))
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
insert into t1 values(5,1,'ggg','ggg');
select * from t1;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	3	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
5	1	ggg	ggg
select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	3	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
5	1	ggg	ggg
select * from t1 force index(d) order by d;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	3	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
5	1	ggg	ggg
explain select * from t1 order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	5	Using filesort
explain select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	5	Using filesort
explain select * from t1 force index(d) order by d;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	5	Using filesort
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `d` (`d`(10)),
  KEY `c` (`c`(2))
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
alter table t1 drop index d;
insert into t1 values(8,9,'fff','fff');
select * from t1;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	3	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
5	1	ggg	ggg
8	9	fff	fff
select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	3	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
5	1	ggg	ggg
explain select * from t1 order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	6	Using filesort
explain select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	6	Using filesort
explain select * from t1 order by d;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	6	Using filesort
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  KEY `c` (`c`(2))
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null, b int, c char(10), d varchar(20), primary key (a)) engine = innodb;
insert into t1 values (1,1,'ab','ab'),(2,2,'ac','ac'),(3,2,'ad','ad'),(4,4,'afe','afe');
commit;
alter table t1 add unique index (b,c);
insert into t1 values(8,9,'fff','fff');
select * from t1;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
explain select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	b	16	NULL	5	
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `b` (`b`,`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
alter table t1 add index (b,c);
insert into t1 values(11,11,'kkk','kkk');
select * from t1;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
11	11	kkk	kkk
select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
11	11	kkk	kkk
explain select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	b	16	NULL	6	
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `b` (`b`,`c`),
  KEY `b_2` (`b`,`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
alter table t1 add unique index (c,d);
insert into t1 values(13,13,'yyy','aaa');
select * from t1;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
11	11	kkk	kkk
13	13	yyy	aaa
select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
11	11	kkk	kkk
13	13	yyy	aaa
select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
11	11	kkk	kkk
13	13	yyy	aaa
explain select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	b	16	NULL	7	
explain select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	c	34	NULL	7	
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `b` (`b`,`c`),
  UNIQUE KEY `c` (`c`,`d`),
  KEY `b_2` (`b`,`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null, b int not null, c int, primary key (a), key (b)) engine = innodb;
create table t3(a int not null, c int not null, d int, primary key (a), key (c)) engine = innodb;
create table t4(a int not null, d int not null, e int, primary key (a), key (d)) engine = innodb;
create table t2(a int not null, b int not null, c int not null, d int not null, e int,
foreign key (b) references t1(b) on delete cascade,
foreign key (c) references t3(c), foreign key (d) references t4(d))
engine = innodb;
alter table t1 drop index b;
ERROR HY000: Cannot drop index 'b': needed in a foreign key constraint
alter table t3 drop index c;
ERROR HY000: Cannot drop index 'c': needed in a foreign key constraint
alter table t4 drop index d;
ERROR HY000: Cannot drop index 'd': needed in a foreign key constraint
alter table t2 drop index b;
ERROR HY000: Cannot drop index 'b': needed in a foreign key constraint
alter table t2 drop index b, drop index c, drop index d;
ERROR HY000: Cannot drop index 'b': needed in a foreign key constraint
create unique index dc on t2 (d,c);
create index dc on t1 (b,c);
alter table t2 add primary key (a);
insert into t1 values (1,1,1);
insert into t3 values (1,1,1);
insert into t4 values (1,1,1);
insert into t2 values (1,1,1,1,1);
commit;
alter table t4 add constraint dc foreign key (a) references t1(a);
show create table t4;
Table	Create Table
t4	CREATE TABLE `t4` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `d` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `e` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  KEY `d` (`d`),
  CONSTRAINT `dc` FOREIGN KEY (`a`) REFERENCES `t1` (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
alter table t3 add constraint dc foreign key (a) references t1(a);
ERROR HY000: Can't create table '#sql-temporary' (errno: 121)
show create table t3;
Table	Create Table
t3	CREATE TABLE `t3` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `d` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  KEY `c` (`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
alter table t2 drop index b, add index (b);
show create table t2;
Table	Create Table
t2	CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `d` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `e` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `dc` (`d`,`c`),
  KEY `c` (`c`),
  KEY `b` (`b`),
  CONSTRAINT `t2_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`b`) REFERENCES `t1` (`b`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  CONSTRAINT `t2_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`c`) REFERENCES `t3` (`c`),
  CONSTRAINT `t2_ibfk_3` FOREIGN KEY (`d`) REFERENCES `t4` (`d`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
delete from t1;
ERROR 23000: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test`.`t4`, CONSTRAINT `dc` FOREIGN KEY (`a`) REFERENCES `t1` (`a`))
drop index dc on t4;
ERROR 42000: Can't DROP 'dc'; check that column/key exists
alter table t3 drop foreign key dc;
ERROR HY000: Error on rename of './test/t3' to './#sql2-temporary' (errno: 152)
alter table t4 drop foreign key dc;
select * from t2;
a	b	c	d	e
1	1	1	1	1
delete from t1;
select * from t2;
a	b	c	d	e
drop table t2,t4,t3,t1;
create table t1(a int not null, b int, c char(10), d varchar(20), primary key (a)) engine = innodb default charset=utf8;
insert into t1 values (1,1,'ab','ab'),(2,2,'ac','ac'),(3,2,'ad','ad'),(4,4,'afe','afe');
commit;
alter table t1 add unique index (b);
ERROR 23000: Duplicate entry '2' for key 'b'
insert into t1 values(8,9,'fff','fff');
select * from t1;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
alter table t1 add index (b);
insert into t1 values(10,10,'kkk','iii');
select * from t1;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
10	10	kkk	iii
select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
10	10	kkk	iii
explain select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	b	5	NULL	6	
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  KEY `b` (`b`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
alter table t1 add unique index (c), add index (d);
insert into t1 values(11,11,'aaa','mmm');
select * from t1;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
10	10	kkk	iii
11	11	aaa	mmm
select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
10	10	kkk	iii
11	11	aaa	mmm
select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
a	b	c	d
11	11	aaa	mmm
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
10	10	kkk	iii
select * from t1 force index(d) order by d;
a	b	c	d
1	1	ab	ab
2	2	ac	ac
3	2	ad	ad
4	4	afe	afe
8	9	fff	fff
10	10	kkk	iii
11	11	aaa	mmm
explain select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	b	5	NULL	7	
explain select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	c	31	NULL	7	
explain select * from t1 force index(d) order by d;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	d	63	NULL	7	
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `c` (`c`),
  KEY `b` (`b`),
  KEY `d` (`d`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
check table t1;
Table	Op	Msg_type	Msg_text
test.t1	check	status	OK
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null, b int) engine = innodb;
insert into t1 values (1,1),(1,1),(1,1),(1,1);
alter table t1 add unique index (a);
ERROR 23000: Duplicate entry '1' for key 'a'
alter table t1 add unique index (b);
ERROR 23000: Duplicate entry '1' for key 'b'
alter table t1 add unique index (a), add unique index(b);
ERROR 23000: Duplicate entry '1' for key 'a'
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null, c int not null,b int, primary key(a), unique key(c), key(b)) engine = innodb;
alter table t1 drop index c, drop index b;
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null, b int, primary key(a)) engine = innodb;
alter table t1 add index (b);
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  KEY `b` (`b`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null, b int, c char(10), d varchar(20), primary key (a)) engine = innodb;
insert into t1 values (1,1,'ab','ab'),(2,2,'ac','ac'),(3,3,'ac','ac'),(4,4,'afe','afe'),(5,4,'affe','affe');
alter table t1 add unique index (b), add unique index (c), add unique index (d);
ERROR 23000: Duplicate entry 'ac' for key 'c'
alter table t1 add unique index (c), add unique index (b), add index (d);
ERROR 23000: Duplicate entry 'ac' for key 'c'
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `c` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null, b int not null, c int, primary key (a), key(c)) engine=innodb;
insert into t1 values (5,1,5),(4,2,4),(3,3,3),(2,4,2),(1,5,1);
alter table t1 add unique index (b);
insert into t1 values (10,20,20),(11,19,19),(12,18,18),(13,17,17);
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `b` (`b`),
  KEY `c` (`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
check table t1;
Table	Op	Msg_type	Msg_text
test.t1	check	status	OK
explain select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	c	5	NULL	9	
explain select * from t1 order by a;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	PRIMARY	4	NULL	9	
explain select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	b	4	NULL	9	
select * from t1 order by a;
a	b	c
1	5	1
2	4	2
3	3	3
4	2	4
5	1	5
10	20	20
11	19	19
12	18	18
13	17	17
select * from t1 force index(b) order by b;
a	b	c
5	1	5
4	2	4
3	3	3
2	4	2
1	5	1
13	17	17
12	18	18
11	19	19
10	20	20
select * from t1 force index(c) order by c;
a	b	c
1	5	1
2	4	2
3	3	3
4	2	4
5	1	5
13	17	17
12	18	18
11	19	19
10	20	20
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null, b int not null) engine=innodb;
insert into t1 values (1,1);
alter table t1 add primary key(b);
insert into t1 values (2,2);
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`b`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
check table t1;
Table	Op	Msg_type	Msg_text
test.t1	check	status	OK
select * from t1;
a	b
1	1
2	2
explain select * from t1;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	2	
explain select * from t1 order by a;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	2	Using filesort
explain select * from t1 order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	PRIMARY	4	NULL	2	
checksum table t1;
Table	Checksum
test.t1	582702641
drop table t1;
create table t1(a int not null) engine=innodb;
insert into t1 values (1);
alter table t1 add primary key(a);
insert into t1 values (2);
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
check table t1;
Table	Op	Msg_type	Msg_text
test.t1	check	status	OK
commit;
select * from t1;
a
1
2
explain select * from t1;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	PRIMARY	4	NULL	2	Using index
explain select * from t1 order by a;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	PRIMARY	4	NULL	2	Using index
drop table t1;
create table t2(d varchar(17) primary key) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
create table t3(a int primary key) engine=innodb;
insert into t3 values(22),(44),(33),(55),(66);
insert into t2 values ('jejdkrun87'),('adfd72nh9k'),
('adfdpplkeock'),('adfdijnmnb78k'),('adfdijn0loKNHJik');
create table t1(a int, b blob, c text, d text not null)
engine=innodb default charset = utf8;
insert into t1
select a,left(repeat(d,100*a),65535),repeat(d,20*a),d from t2,t3;
drop table t2, t3;
select count(*) from t1 where a=44;
count(*)
5
select a,
length(b),b=left(repeat(d,100*a),65535),length(c),c=repeat(d,20*a),d from t1;
a	length(b)	b=left(repeat(d,100*a),65535)	length(c)	c=repeat(d,20*a)	d
22	22000	1	4400	1	adfd72nh9k
22	35200	1	7040	1	adfdijn0loKNHJik
22	28600	1	5720	1	adfdijnmnb78k
22	26400	1	5280	1	adfdpplkeock
22	22000	1	4400	1	jejdkrun87
33	33000	1	6600	1	adfd72nh9k
33	52800	1	10560	1	adfdijn0loKNHJik
33	42900	1	8580	1	adfdijnmnb78k
33	39600	1	7920	1	adfdpplkeock
33	33000	1	6600	1	jejdkrun87
44	44000	1	8800	1	adfd72nh9k
44	65535	1	14080	1	adfdijn0loKNHJik
44	57200	1	11440	1	adfdijnmnb78k
44	52800	1	10560	1	adfdpplkeock
44	44000	1	8800	1	jejdkrun87
55	55000	1	11000	1	adfd72nh9k
55	65535	1	17600	1	adfdijn0loKNHJik
55	65535	1	14300	1	adfdijnmnb78k
55	65535	1	13200	1	adfdpplkeock
55	55000	1	11000	1	jejdkrun87
66	65535	1	13200	1	adfd72nh9k
66	65535	1	21120	1	adfdijn0loKNHJik
66	65535	1	17160	1	adfdijnmnb78k
66	65535	1	15840	1	adfdpplkeock
66	65535	1	13200	1	jejdkrun87
alter table t1 add primary key (a), add key (b(20));
ERROR 23000: Duplicate entry '22' for key 'PRIMARY'
delete from t1 where a%2;
check table t1;
Table	Op	Msg_type	Msg_text
test.t1	check	status	OK
alter table t1 add primary key (a,b(255),c(255)), add key (b(767));
select count(*) from t1 where a=44;
count(*)
5
select a,
length(b),b=left(repeat(d,100*a),65535),length(c),c=repeat(d,20*a),d from t1;
a	length(b)	b=left(repeat(d,100*a),65535)	length(c)	c=repeat(d,20*a)	d
22	22000	1	4400	1	adfd72nh9k
22	35200	1	7040	1	adfdijn0loKNHJik
22	28600	1	5720	1	adfdijnmnb78k
22	26400	1	5280	1	adfdpplkeock
22	22000	1	4400	1	jejdkrun87
44	44000	1	8800	1	adfd72nh9k
44	65535	1	14080	1	adfdijn0loKNHJik
44	57200	1	11440	1	adfdijnmnb78k
44	52800	1	10560	1	adfdpplkeock
44	44000	1	8800	1	jejdkrun87
66	65535	1	13200	1	adfd72nh9k
66	65535	1	21120	1	adfdijn0loKNHJik
66	65535	1	17160	1	adfdijnmnb78k
66	65535	1	15840	1	adfdpplkeock
66	65535	1	13200	1	jejdkrun87
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `b` blob NOT NULL,
  `c` text NOT NULL,
  `d` text NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`,`b`(255),`c`(255)),
  KEY `b` (`b`(767))
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
check table t1;
Table	Op	Msg_type	Msg_text
test.t1	check	status	OK
explain select * from t1 where b like 'adfd%';
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	b	NULL	NULL	NULL	15	Using where
create table t2(a int, b varchar(255), primary key(a,b)) engine=innodb;
insert into t2 select a,left(b,255) from t1;
drop table t1;
rename table t2 to t1;
set innodb_lock_wait_timeout=1;
begin;
select a from t1 limit 1 for update;
a
22
set innodb_lock_wait_timeout=1;
create index t1ba on t1 (b,a);
ERROR HY000: Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
commit;
begin;
select a from t1 limit 1 lock in share mode;
a
22
create index t1ba on t1 (b,a);
drop index t1ba on t1;
ERROR HY000: Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
commit;
explain select a from t1 order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	t1ba	261	NULL	15	Using index
select a,sleep(2+a/100) from t1 order by b limit 3;
select sleep(1);
sleep(1)
0
drop index t1ba on t1;
a	sleep(2+a/100)
22	0
44	0
66	0
explain select a from t1 order by b;
id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	PRIMARY	261	NULL	15	Using index; Using filesort
select a from t1 order by b limit 3;
a
22
66
44
commit;
drop table t1;
set global innodb_file_per_table=on;
set global innodb_file_format='Barracuda';
create table t1(a blob,b blob,c blob,d blob,e blob,f blob,g blob,h blob,
i blob,j blob,k blob,l blob,m blob,n blob,o blob,p blob,
q blob,r blob,s blob,t blob,u blob)
engine=innodb row_format=dynamic;
create index t1a on t1 (a(1));
create index t1b on t1 (b(1));
create index t1c on t1 (c(1));
create index t1d on t1 (d(1));
create index t1e on t1 (e(1));
create index t1f on t1 (f(1));
create index t1g on t1 (g(1));
create index t1h on t1 (h(1));
create index t1i on t1 (i(1));
create index t1j on t1 (j(1));
create index t1k on t1 (k(1));
create index t1l on t1 (l(1));
create index t1m on t1 (m(1));
create index t1n on t1 (n(1));
create index t1o on t1 (o(1));
create index t1p on t1 (p(1));
create index t1q on t1 (q(1));
create index t1r on t1 (r(1));
create index t1s on t1 (s(1));
create index t1t on t1 (t(1));
create index t1u on t1 (u(1));
ERROR HY000: Too big row
create index t1ut on t1 (u(1), t(1));
ERROR HY000: Too big row
create index t1st on t1 (s(1), t(1));
show create table t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` blob,
  `b` blob,
  `c` blob,
  `d` blob,
  `e` blob,
  `f` blob,
  `g` blob,
  `h` blob,
  `i` blob,
  `j` blob,
  `k` blob,
  `l` blob,
  `m` blob,
  `n` blob,
  `o` blob,
  `p` blob,
  `q` blob,
  `r` blob,
  `s` blob,
  `t` blob,
  `u` blob,
  KEY `t1a` (`a`(1)),
  KEY `t1b` (`b`(1)),
  KEY `t1c` (`c`(1)),
  KEY `t1d` (`d`(1)),
  KEY `t1e` (`e`(1)),
  KEY `t1f` (`f`(1)),
  KEY `t1g` (`g`(1)),
  KEY `t1h` (`h`(1)),
  KEY `t1i` (`i`(1)),
  KEY `t1j` (`j`(1)),
  KEY `t1k` (`k`(1)),
  KEY `t1l` (`l`(1)),
  KEY `t1m` (`m`(1)),
  KEY `t1n` (`n`(1)),
  KEY `t1o` (`o`(1)),
  KEY `t1p` (`p`(1)),
  KEY `t1q` (`q`(1)),
  KEY `t1r` (`r`(1)),
  KEY `t1s` (`s`(1)),
  KEY `t1t` (`t`(1)),
  KEY `t1st` (`s`(1),`t`(1))
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC
create index t1u on t1 (u(1));
ERROR HY000: Too big row
alter table t1 row_format=compact;
create index t1u on t1 (u(1));
drop table t1;
set global innodb_file_per_table=0;
set global innodb_file_format=Antelope;
set global innodb_file_format_check=Antelope;
SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0;
SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
CREATE TABLE t1(
c1	BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (c1)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE t2(
c1	BIGINT(16) NOT NULL,
c2	BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
c3	BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (c1)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
ALTER TABLE t2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_t2_ca
FOREIGN KEY (c3) REFERENCES t1(c1);
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS;
SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS;
SHOW CREATE TABLE t2;
Table	Create Table
t2	CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `c1` bigint(16) NOT NULL,
  `c2` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `c3` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`c1`),
  KEY `fk_t2_ca` (`c3`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
CREATE INDEX i_t2_c3_c2 ON t2(c3, c2);
SHOW CREATE TABLE t2;
Table	Create Table
t2	CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `c1` bigint(16) NOT NULL,
  `c2` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `c3` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`c1`),
  KEY `i_t2_c3_c2` (`c3`,`c2`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS;
SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS;
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(0,0,0);
ERROR 23000: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test`.`t2`, CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c1`))
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(0);
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(0,0,0);
DROP TABLE t2;
CREATE TABLE t2(
c1	BIGINT(16) NOT NULL,
c2	BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
c3	BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (c1,c2,c3)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
ALTER TABLE t2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_t2_ca
FOREIGN KEY (c3) REFERENCES t1(c1);
SHOW CREATE TABLE t2;
Table	Create Table
t2	CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `c1` bigint(16) NOT NULL,
  `c2` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `c3` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`c1`,`c2`,`c3`),
  KEY `fk_t2_ca` (`c3`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
CREATE INDEX i_t2_c3_c2 ON t2(c3, c2);
SHOW CREATE TABLE t2;
Table	Create Table
t2	CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `c1` bigint(16) NOT NULL,
  `c2` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `c3` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`c1`,`c2`,`c3`),
  KEY `i_t2_c3_c2` (`c3`,`c2`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(0,0,1);
ERROR 23000: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test`.`t2`, CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c1`))
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(0,0,0);
DELETE FROM t1;
ERROR 23000: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test`.`t2`, CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c1`))
DELETE FROM t2;
DROP TABLE t2;
DROP TABLE t1;
CREATE TABLE t1(
c1	BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
c2	INT(4) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (c2,c1)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE t2(
c1	BIGINT(16) NOT NULL,
c2	BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
c3	BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (c1)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
ALTER TABLE t2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_t2_ca
FOREIGN KEY (c3,c2) REFERENCES t1(c1,c1);
ERROR HY000: Can't create table '#sql-temporary' (errno: 150)
ALTER TABLE t2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_t2_ca
FOREIGN KEY (c3,c2) REFERENCES t1(c1,c2);
ERROR HY000: Can't create table '#sql-temporary' (errno: 150)
ALTER TABLE t2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_t2_ca
FOREIGN KEY (c3,c2) REFERENCES t1(c2,c1);
ERROR HY000: Can't create table '#sql-temporary' (errno: 150)
ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY COLUMN c2 BIGINT(12) NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE t2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_t2_ca
FOREIGN KEY (c3,c2) REFERENCES t1(c1,c2);
ERROR HY000: Can't create table '#sql-temporary' (errno: 150)
ALTER TABLE t2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_t2_ca
FOREIGN KEY (c3,c2) REFERENCES t1(c2,c1);
SHOW CREATE TABLE t1;
Table	Create Table
t1	CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `c1` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `c2` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`c2`,`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
SHOW CREATE TABLE t2;
Table	Create Table
t2	CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `c1` bigint(16) NOT NULL,
  `c2` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `c3` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`c1`),
  KEY `fk_t2_ca` (`c3`,`c2`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`, `c2`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c2`, `c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
CREATE INDEX i_t2_c2_c1 ON t2(c2, c1);
SHOW CREATE TABLE t2;
Table	Create Table
t2	CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `c1` bigint(16) NOT NULL,
  `c2` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `c3` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`c1`),
  KEY `fk_t2_ca` (`c3`,`c2`),
  KEY `i_t2_c2_c1` (`c2`,`c1`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`, `c2`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c2`, `c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
CREATE INDEX i_t2_c3_c1_c2 ON t2(c3, c1, c2);
SHOW CREATE TABLE t2;
Table	Create Table
t2	CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `c1` bigint(16) NOT NULL,
  `c2` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `c3` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`c1`),
  KEY `fk_t2_ca` (`c3`,`c2`),
  KEY `i_t2_c2_c1` (`c2`,`c1`),
  KEY `i_t2_c3_c1_c2` (`c3`,`c1`,`c2`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`, `c2`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c2`, `c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
CREATE INDEX i_t2_c3_c2 ON t2(c3, c2);
SHOW CREATE TABLE t2;
Table	Create Table
t2	CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `c1` bigint(16) NOT NULL,
  `c2` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `c3` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`c1`),
  KEY `i_t2_c2_c1` (`c2`,`c1`),
  KEY `i_t2_c3_c1_c2` (`c3`,`c1`,`c2`),
  KEY `i_t2_c3_c2` (`c3`,`c2`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_t2_ca` FOREIGN KEY (`c3`, `c2`) REFERENCES `t1` (`c2`, `c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
DROP TABLE t2;
DROP TABLE t1;
call mtr.add_suppression("InnoDB: insufficient history for index");
CREATE TABLE t1 (a INT, b CHAR(1)) ENGINE=InnoDB;
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3,'a'),(3,'b'),(1,'c'),(0,'d'),(1,'e');
BEGIN;
SELECT * FROM t1;
a	b
3	a
3	b
1	c
0	d
1	e
CREATE INDEX t1a ON t1(a);
SELECT * FROM t1;
a	b
3	a
3	b
1	c
0	d
1	e
SELECT * FROM t1 FORCE INDEX(t1a) ORDER BY a;
ERROR HY000: Table definition has changed, please retry transaction
SELECT * FROM t1;
a	b
3	a
3	b
1	c
0	d
1	e
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM t1 FORCE INDEX(t1a) ORDER BY a;
a	b
0	d
1	c
1	e
3	a
3	b
DROP TABLE t1;