/* Copyright (c) 2000, 2013 Oracle and/or its affiliates. Copyright (c) 2009, 2013 Monty Program Ab. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */ /** @file @brief mysql_select and join optimization @defgroup Query_Optimizer Query Optimizer @{ */ #ifdef USE_PRAGMA_IMPLEMENTATION #pragma implementation // gcc: Class implementation #endif #include "sql_priv.h" #include "unireg.h" #include "sql_select.h" #include "sql_cache.h" // query_cache_* #include "sql_table.h" // primary_key_name #include "probes_mysql.h" #include "key.h" // key_copy, key_cmp, key_cmp_if_same #include "lock.h" // mysql_unlock_some_tables, // mysql_unlock_read_tables #include "sql_show.h" // append_identifier #include "sql_base.h" // setup_wild, setup_fields, fill_record #include "sql_parse.h" // check_stack_overrun #include "sql_partition.h" // make_used_partitions_str #include "sql_acl.h" // *_ACL #include "sql_test.h" // print_where, print_keyuse_array, // print_sjm, print_plan, TEST_join #include "records.h" // init_read_record, end_read_record #include "filesort.h" // filesort_free_buffers #include "sql_union.h" // mysql_union #include "opt_subselect.h" #include "log_slow.h" #include "sql_derived.h" #include "debug_sync.h" // DEBUG_SYNC #include #include #include #include const char *join_type_str[]={ "UNKNOWN","system","const","eq_ref","ref", "MAYBE_REF","ALL","range","index","fulltext", "ref_or_null","unique_subquery","index_subquery", "index_merge", "hash_ALL", "hash_range", "hash_index", "hash_index_merge" }; const char *copy_to_tmp_table= "Copying to tmp table"; struct st_sargable_param; static void optimize_keyuse(JOIN *join, DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse_array); static bool make_join_statistics(JOIN *join, List &leaves, COND *conds, DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse); static bool update_ref_and_keys(THD *thd, DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, uint tables, COND *conds, table_map table_map, SELECT_LEX *select_lex, st_sargable_param **sargables); static bool sort_and_filter_keyuse(THD *thd, DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse, bool skip_unprefixed_keyparts); static int sort_keyuse(KEYUSE *a,KEYUSE *b); static bool are_tables_local(JOIN_TAB *jtab, table_map used_tables); static bool create_ref_for_key(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *j, KEYUSE *org_keyuse, bool allow_full_scan, table_map used_tables); void best_access_path(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *s, table_map remaining_tables, uint idx, bool disable_jbuf, double record_count, POSITION *pos, POSITION *loose_scan_pos); static void optimize_straight_join(JOIN *join, table_map join_tables); static bool greedy_search(JOIN *join, table_map remaining_tables, uint depth, uint prune_level); static bool best_extension_by_limited_search(JOIN *join, table_map remaining_tables, uint idx, double record_count, double read_time, uint depth, uint prune_level); static uint determine_search_depth(JOIN* join); C_MODE_START static int join_tab_cmp(const void *dummy, const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2); static int join_tab_cmp_straight(const void *dummy, const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2); static int join_tab_cmp_embedded_first(const void *emb, const void* ptr1, const void *ptr2); C_MODE_END /* TODO: 'find_best' is here only temporarily until 'greedy_search' is tested and approved. */ static bool find_best(JOIN *join,table_map rest_tables,uint index, double record_count,double read_time); static uint cache_record_length(JOIN *join,uint index); bool get_best_combination(JOIN *join); static store_key *get_store_key(THD *thd, KEYUSE *keyuse, table_map used_tables, KEY_PART_INFO *key_part, uchar *key_buff, uint maybe_null); static bool make_outerjoin_info(JOIN *join); static Item* make_cond_after_sjm(Item *root_cond, Item *cond, table_map tables, table_map sjm_tables, bool inside_or_clause); static bool make_join_select(JOIN *join,SQL_SELECT *select,COND *item); static void revise_cache_usage(JOIN_TAB *join_tab); static bool make_join_readinfo(JOIN *join, ulonglong options, uint no_jbuf_after); static bool only_eq_ref_tables(JOIN *join, ORDER *order, table_map tables); static void update_depend_map(JOIN *join); static void update_depend_map_for_order(JOIN *join, ORDER *order); static ORDER *remove_const(JOIN *join,ORDER *first_order,COND *cond, bool change_list, bool *simple_order); static int return_zero_rows(JOIN *join, select_result *res, List &tables, List &fields, bool send_row, ulonglong select_options, const char *info, Item *having, List &all_fields); static COND *build_equal_items(JOIN *join, COND *cond, COND_EQUAL *inherited, List *join_list, bool ignore_on_conds, COND_EQUAL **cond_equal_ref); static COND* substitute_for_best_equal_field(JOIN_TAB *context_tab, COND *cond, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, void *table_join_idx); static COND *simplify_joins(JOIN *join, List *join_list, COND *conds, bool top, bool in_sj); static bool check_interleaving_with_nj(JOIN_TAB *next); static void restore_prev_nj_state(JOIN_TAB *last); static uint reset_nj_counters(JOIN *join, List *join_list); static uint build_bitmap_for_nested_joins(List *join_list, uint first_unused); static COND *optimize_cond(JOIN *join, COND *conds, List *join_list, bool ignore_on_conds, Item::cond_result *cond_value, COND_EQUAL **cond_equal); bool const_expression_in_where(COND *conds,Item *item, Item **comp_item); static bool create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap2(THD *, TABLE *, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF *, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF **, int, bool, handlerton *, const char *); static int do_select(JOIN *join,List *fields,TABLE *tmp_table, Procedure *proc); static enum_nested_loop_state evaluate_join_record(JOIN *, JOIN_TAB *, int); static enum_nested_loop_state evaluate_null_complemented_join_record(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab); static enum_nested_loop_state end_send(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, bool end_of_records); static enum_nested_loop_state end_write(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, bool end_of_records); static enum_nested_loop_state end_update(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, bool end_of_records); static enum_nested_loop_state end_unique_update(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, bool end_of_records); static int test_if_group_changed(List &list); static int join_read_const_table(JOIN_TAB *tab, POSITION *pos); static int join_read_system(JOIN_TAB *tab); static int join_read_const(JOIN_TAB *tab); static int join_read_key(JOIN_TAB *tab); static void join_read_key_unlock_row(st_join_table *tab); static int join_read_always_key(JOIN_TAB *tab); static int join_read_last_key(JOIN_TAB *tab); static int join_no_more_records(READ_RECORD *info); static int join_read_next(READ_RECORD *info); static int join_init_quick_read_record(JOIN_TAB *tab); static int test_if_quick_select(JOIN_TAB *tab); static bool test_if_use_dynamic_range_scan(JOIN_TAB *join_tab); static int join_read_first(JOIN_TAB *tab); static int join_read_next(READ_RECORD *info); static int join_read_next_same(READ_RECORD *info); static int join_read_last(JOIN_TAB *tab); static int join_read_prev_same(READ_RECORD *info); static int join_read_prev(READ_RECORD *info); static int join_ft_read_first(JOIN_TAB *tab); static int join_ft_read_next(READ_RECORD *info); int join_read_always_key_or_null(JOIN_TAB *tab); int join_read_next_same_or_null(READ_RECORD *info); static COND *make_cond_for_table(THD *thd, Item *cond,table_map table, table_map used_table, int join_tab_idx_arg, bool exclude_expensive_cond, bool retain_ref_cond); static COND *make_cond_for_table_from_pred(THD *thd, Item *root_cond, Item *cond, table_map tables, table_map used_table, int join_tab_idx_arg, bool exclude_expensive_cond, bool retain_ref_cond); static Item* part_of_refkey(TABLE *form,Field *field); uint find_shortest_key(TABLE *table, const key_map *usable_keys); static bool test_if_cheaper_ordering(const JOIN_TAB *tab, ORDER *order, TABLE *table, key_map usable_keys, int key, ha_rows select_limit, int *new_key, int *new_key_direction, ha_rows *new_select_limit, uint *new_used_key_parts= NULL, uint *saved_best_key_parts= NULL); static bool test_if_skip_sort_order(JOIN_TAB *tab,ORDER *order, ha_rows select_limit, bool no_changes, const key_map *map); static bool list_contains_unique_index(TABLE *table, bool (*find_func) (Field *, void *), void *data); static bool find_field_in_item_list (Field *field, void *data); static bool find_field_in_order_list (Field *field, void *data); static int create_sort_index(THD *thd, JOIN *join, ORDER *order, ha_rows filesort_limit, ha_rows select_limit, bool is_order_by); static int remove_duplicates(JOIN *join,TABLE *entry,List &fields, Item *having); static int remove_dup_with_compare(THD *thd, TABLE *entry, Field **field, Item *having); static int remove_dup_with_hash_index(THD *thd,TABLE *table, uint field_count, Field **first_field, ulong key_length,Item *having); static bool cmp_buffer_with_ref(THD *thd, TABLE *table, TABLE_REF *tab_ref); static bool setup_new_fields(THD *thd, List &fields, List &all_fields, ORDER *new_order); static ORDER *create_distinct_group(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, ORDER *order, List &fields, List &all_fields, bool *all_order_by_fields_used); static bool test_if_subpart(ORDER *a,ORDER *b); static TABLE *get_sort_by_table(ORDER *a,ORDER *b,List &tables); static void calc_group_buffer(JOIN *join,ORDER *group); static bool make_group_fields(JOIN *main_join, JOIN *curr_join); static bool alloc_group_fields(JOIN *join,ORDER *group); // Create list for using with tempory table static bool change_to_use_tmp_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, List &new_list1, List &new_list2, uint elements, List &items); // Create list for using with tempory table static bool change_refs_to_tmp_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, List &new_list1, List &new_list2, uint elements, List &items); static void init_tmptable_sum_functions(Item_sum **func); static void update_tmptable_sum_func(Item_sum **func,TABLE *tmp_table); static void copy_sum_funcs(Item_sum **func_ptr, Item_sum **end); static bool add_ref_to_table_cond(THD *thd, JOIN_TAB *join_tab); static bool setup_sum_funcs(THD *thd, Item_sum **func_ptr); static bool prepare_sum_aggregators(Item_sum **func_ptr, bool need_distinct); static bool init_sum_functions(Item_sum **func, Item_sum **end); static bool update_sum_func(Item_sum **func); static void select_describe(JOIN *join, bool need_tmp_table,bool need_order, bool distinct, const char *message=NullS); static void add_group_and_distinct_keys(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab); static uint make_join_orderinfo(JOIN *join); static bool generate_derived_keys(DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse_array); Item_equal *find_item_equal(COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, Field *field, bool *inherited_fl); JOIN_TAB *first_depth_first_tab(JOIN* join); JOIN_TAB *next_depth_first_tab(JOIN* join, JOIN_TAB* tab); enum enum_exec_or_opt {WALK_OPTIMIZATION_TABS , WALK_EXECUTION_TABS}; JOIN_TAB *first_breadth_first_tab(JOIN *join, enum enum_exec_or_opt tabs_kind); JOIN_TAB *next_breadth_first_tab(JOIN *join, enum enum_exec_or_opt tabs_kind, JOIN_TAB *tab); /** This handles SELECT with and without UNION. */ bool handle_select(THD *thd, LEX *lex, select_result *result, ulong setup_tables_done_option) { bool res; register SELECT_LEX *select_lex = &lex->select_lex; DBUG_ENTER("handle_select"); MYSQL_SELECT_START(thd->query()); if (select_lex->master_unit()->is_union() || select_lex->master_unit()->fake_select_lex) res= mysql_union(thd, lex, result, &lex->unit, setup_tables_done_option); else { SELECT_LEX_UNIT *unit= &lex->unit; unit->set_limit(unit->global_parameters); /* 'options' of mysql_select will be set in JOIN, as far as JOIN for every PS/SP execution new, we will not need reset this flag if setup_tables_done_option changed for next rexecution */ res= mysql_select(thd, &select_lex->ref_pointer_array, select_lex->table_list.first, select_lex->with_wild, select_lex->item_list, select_lex->where, select_lex->order_list.elements + select_lex->group_list.elements, select_lex->order_list.first, select_lex->group_list.first, select_lex->having, lex->proc_list.first, select_lex->options | thd->variables.option_bits | setup_tables_done_option, result, unit, select_lex); } DBUG_PRINT("info",("res: %d report_error: %d", res, thd->is_error())); res|= thd->is_error(); if (unlikely(res)) result->abort_result_set(); if (thd->killed == ABORT_QUERY) { /* If LIMIT ROWS EXAMINED interrupted query execution, issue a warning, continue with normal processing and produce an incomplete query result. */ push_warning_printf(thd, MYSQL_ERROR::WARN_LEVEL_WARN, ER_QUERY_EXCEEDED_ROWS_EXAMINED_LIMIT, ER(ER_QUERY_EXCEEDED_ROWS_EXAMINED_LIMIT), thd->accessed_rows_and_keys, thd->lex->limit_rows_examined->val_uint()); thd->reset_killed(); } /* Disable LIMIT ROWS EXAMINED after query execution. */ thd->lex->limit_rows_examined_cnt= ULONGLONG_MAX; MYSQL_SELECT_DONE((int) res, (ulong) thd->limit_found_rows); DBUG_RETURN(res); } /** Fix fields referenced from inner selects. @param thd Thread handle @param all_fields List of all fields used in select @param select Current select @param ref_pointer_array Array of references to Items used in current select @param group_list GROUP BY list (is NULL by default) @details The function serves 3 purposes - adds fields referenced from inner query blocks to the current select list - Decides which class to use to reference the items (Item_ref or Item_direct_ref) - fixes references (Item_ref objects) to these fields. If a field isn't already on the select list and the ref_pointer_array is provided then it is added to the all_fields list and the pointer to it is saved in the ref_pointer_array. The class to access the outer field is determined by the following rules: -#. If the outer field isn't used under an aggregate function then the Item_ref class should be used. -#. If the outer field is used under an aggregate function and this function is, in turn, aggregated in the query block where the outer field was resolved or some query nested therein, then the Item_direct_ref class should be used. Also it should be used if we are grouping by a subquery that references this outer field. The resolution is done here and not at the fix_fields() stage as it can be done only after aggregate functions are fixed and pulled up to selects where they are to be aggregated. When the class is chosen it substitutes the original field in the Item_outer_ref object. After this we proceed with fixing references (Item_outer_ref objects) to this field from inner subqueries. @return Status @retval true An error occured. @retval false OK. */ bool fix_inner_refs(THD *thd, List &all_fields, SELECT_LEX *select, Item **ref_pointer_array) { Item_outer_ref *ref; /* Mark the references from the inner_refs_list that are occurred in the group by expressions. Those references will contain direct references to the referred fields. The markers are set in the found_in_group_by field of the references from the list. */ List_iterator_fast ref_it(select->inner_refs_list); for (ORDER *group= select->join->group_list; group; group= group->next) { (*group->item)->walk(&Item::check_inner_refs_processor, TRUE, (uchar *) &ref_it); } while ((ref= ref_it++)) { bool direct_ref= false; Item *item= ref->outer_ref; Item **item_ref= ref->ref; Item_ref *new_ref; /* TODO: this field item already might be present in the select list. In this case instead of adding new field item we could use an existing one. The change will lead to less operations for copying fields, smaller temporary tables and less data passed through filesort. */ if (ref_pointer_array && !ref->found_in_select_list) { int el= all_fields.elements; ref_pointer_array[el]= item; /* Add the field item to the select list of the current select. */ all_fields.push_front(item); /* If it's needed reset each Item_ref item that refers this field with a new reference taken from ref_pointer_array. */ item_ref= ref_pointer_array + el; } if (ref->in_sum_func) { Item_sum *sum_func; if (ref->in_sum_func->nest_level > select->nest_level) direct_ref= TRUE; else { for (sum_func= ref->in_sum_func; sum_func && sum_func->aggr_level >= select->nest_level; sum_func= sum_func->in_sum_func) { if (sum_func->aggr_level == select->nest_level) { direct_ref= TRUE; break; } } } } else if (ref->found_in_group_by) direct_ref= TRUE; new_ref= direct_ref ? new Item_direct_ref(ref->context, item_ref, ref->table_name, ref->field_name, ref->alias_name_used) : new Item_ref(ref->context, item_ref, ref->table_name, ref->field_name, ref->alias_name_used); if (!new_ref) return TRUE; ref->outer_ref= new_ref; ref->ref= &ref->outer_ref; if (!ref->fixed && ref->fix_fields(thd, 0)) return TRUE; thd->lex->used_tables|= item->used_tables(); } return false; } /** The following clauses are redundant for subqueries: DISTINCT GROUP BY if there are no aggregate functions and no HAVING clause Because redundant clauses are removed both from JOIN and select_lex, the removal is permanent. Thus, it only makes sense to call this function for normal queries and on first execution of SP/PS @param subq_select_lex select_lex that is part of a subquery predicate. This object and the associated join is modified. */ static void remove_redundant_subquery_clauses(st_select_lex *subq_select_lex) { Item_subselect *subq_predicate= subq_select_lex->master_unit()->item; /* The removal should happen for IN, ALL, ANY and EXISTS subqueries, which means all but single row subqueries. Example single row subqueries: a) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.a = () b) SELECT a, (substype() == Item_subselect::SINGLEROW_SUBS) return; /* A subquery that is not single row should be one of IN/ALL/ANY/EXISTS. */ DBUG_ASSERT (subq_predicate->substype() == Item_subselect::EXISTS_SUBS || subq_predicate->is_in_predicate()); if (subq_select_lex->options & SELECT_DISTINCT) { subq_select_lex->join->select_distinct= false; subq_select_lex->options&= ~SELECT_DISTINCT; } /* Remove GROUP BY if there are no aggregate functions and no HAVING clause */ if (subq_select_lex->group_list.elements && !subq_select_lex->with_sum_func && !subq_select_lex->join->having) { subq_select_lex->join->group_list= NULL; subq_select_lex->group_list.empty(); } /* TODO: This would prevent processing quries with ORDER BY ... LIMIT therefore we disable this optimization for now. Remove GROUP BY if there are no aggregate functions and no HAVING clause if (subq_select_lex->group_list.elements && !subq_select_lex->with_sum_func && !subq_select_lex->join->having) { subq_select_lex->join->group_list= NULL; subq_select_lex->group_list.empty(); } */ } /** Function to setup clauses without sum functions. */ inline int setup_without_group(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, TABLE_LIST *tables, List &leaves, List &fields, List &all_fields, COND **conds, ORDER *order, ORDER *group, bool *hidden_group_fields) { int res; st_select_lex *const select= thd->lex->current_select; nesting_map save_allow_sum_func= thd->lex->allow_sum_func; /* Need to save the value, so we can turn off only any new non_agg_field_used additions coming from the WHERE */ const bool saved_non_agg_field_used= select->non_agg_field_used(); DBUG_ENTER("setup_without_group"); thd->lex->allow_sum_func&= ~((nesting_map)1 << select->nest_level); res= setup_conds(thd, tables, leaves, conds); /* it's not wrong to have non-aggregated columns in a WHERE */ select->set_non_agg_field_used(saved_non_agg_field_used); thd->lex->allow_sum_func|= (nesting_map)1 << select->nest_level; res= res || setup_order(thd, ref_pointer_array, tables, fields, all_fields, order); thd->lex->allow_sum_func&= ~((nesting_map)1 << select->nest_level); res= res || setup_group(thd, ref_pointer_array, tables, fields, all_fields, group, hidden_group_fields); thd->lex->allow_sum_func= save_allow_sum_func; DBUG_RETURN(res); } /***************************************************************************** Check fields, find best join, do the select and output fields. mysql_select assumes that all tables are already opened *****************************************************************************/ /** Prepare of whole select (including sub queries in future). @todo Add check of calculation of GROUP functions and fields: SELECT COUNT(*)+table.col1 from table1; @retval -1 on error @retval 0 on success */ int JOIN::prepare(Item ***rref_pointer_array, TABLE_LIST *tables_init, uint wild_num, COND *conds_init, uint og_num, ORDER *order_init, ORDER *group_init, Item *having_init, ORDER *proc_param_init, SELECT_LEX *select_lex_arg, SELECT_LEX_UNIT *unit_arg) { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::prepare"); // to prevent double initialization on EXPLAIN if (optimized) DBUG_RETURN(0); conds= conds_init; order= order_init; group_list= group_init; having= having_init; proc_param= proc_param_init; tables_list= tables_init; select_lex= select_lex_arg; select_lex->join= this; join_list= &select_lex->top_join_list; union_part= unit_arg->is_union(); if (select_lex->handle_derived(thd->lex, DT_PREPARE)) DBUG_RETURN(1); thd->lex->current_select->is_item_list_lookup= 1; /* If we have already executed SELECT, then it have not sense to prevent its table from update (see unique_table()) Affects only materialized derived tables. */ /* Check that all tables, fields, conds and order are ok */ if (!(select_options & OPTION_SETUP_TABLES_DONE) && setup_tables_and_check_access(thd, &select_lex->context, join_list, tables_list, select_lex->leaf_tables, FALSE, SELECT_ACL, SELECT_ACL, FALSE)) DBUG_RETURN(-1); /* Permanently remove redundant parts from the query if 1) This is a subquery 2) This is the first time this query is optimized (since the transformation is permanent 3) Not normalizing a view. Removal should take place when a query involving a view is optimized, not when the view is created */ if (select_lex->master_unit()->item && // 1) select_lex->first_cond_optimization && // 2) !thd->lex->is_view_context_analysis()) // 3) { remove_redundant_subquery_clauses(select_lex); } /* TRUE if the SELECT list mixes elements with and without grouping, and there is no GROUP BY clause. Mixing non-aggregated fields with aggregate functions in the SELECT list is a MySQL exptenstion that is allowed only if the ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY sql mode is not set. */ bool mixed_implicit_grouping= false; if ((~thd->variables.sql_mode & MODE_ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY) && select_lex->with_sum_func && !group_list) { List_iterator_fast select_it(fields_list); Item *select_el; /* Element of the SELECT clause, can be an expression. */ bool found_field_elem= false; bool found_sum_func_elem= false; while ((select_el= select_it++)) { if (select_el->with_sum_func) found_sum_func_elem= true; if (select_el->with_field) found_field_elem= true; if (found_sum_func_elem && found_field_elem) { mixed_implicit_grouping= true; break; } } } table_count= select_lex->leaf_tables.elements; TABLE_LIST *tbl; List_iterator_fast li(select_lex->leaf_tables); while ((tbl= li++)) { //table_count++; /* Count the number of tables in the join. */ /* If the query uses implicit grouping where the select list contains both aggregate functions and non-aggregate fields, any non-aggregated field may produce a NULL value. Set all fields of each table as nullable before semantic analysis to take into account this change of nullability. Note: this loop doesn't touch tables inside merged semi-joins, because subquery-to-semijoin conversion has not been done yet. This is intended. */ if (mixed_implicit_grouping) tbl->table->maybe_null= 1; } if ((wild_num && setup_wild(thd, tables_list, fields_list, &all_fields, wild_num)) || select_lex->setup_ref_array(thd, og_num) || setup_fields(thd, (*rref_pointer_array), fields_list, MARK_COLUMNS_READ, &all_fields, 1) || setup_without_group(thd, (*rref_pointer_array), tables_list, select_lex->leaf_tables, fields_list, all_fields, &conds, order, group_list, &hidden_group_fields)) DBUG_RETURN(-1); /* purecov: inspected */ ref_pointer_array= *rref_pointer_array; if (having) { nesting_map save_allow_sum_func= thd->lex->allow_sum_func; thd->where="having clause"; thd->lex->allow_sum_func|= (nesting_map)1 << select_lex_arg->nest_level; select_lex->having_fix_field= 1; /* Wrap alone field in HAVING clause in case it will be outer field of subquery which need persistent pointer on it, but having could be changed by optimizer */ if (having->type() == Item::REF_ITEM && ((Item_ref *)having)->ref_type() == Item_ref::REF) wrap_ident(thd, &having); bool having_fix_rc= (!having->fixed && (having->fix_fields(thd, &having) || having->check_cols(1))); select_lex->having_fix_field= 0; if (having_fix_rc || thd->is_error()) DBUG_RETURN(-1); /* purecov: inspected */ thd->lex->allow_sum_func= save_allow_sum_func; } int res= check_and_do_in_subquery_rewrites(this); select_lex->fix_prepare_information(thd, &conds, &having); if (res) DBUG_RETURN(res); if (order) { bool real_order= FALSE; ORDER *ord; for (ord= order; ord; ord= ord->next) { Item *item= *ord->item; /* Disregard sort order if there's only zero length NOT NULL fields (e.g. {VAR}CHAR(0) NOT NULL") or zero length NOT NULL string functions there. Such tuples don't contain any data to sort. */ if (!real_order && /* Not a zero length NOT NULL field */ ((item->type() != Item::FIELD_ITEM || ((Item_field *) item)->field->maybe_null() || ((Item_field *) item)->field->sort_length()) && /* AND not a zero length NOT NULL string function. */ (item->type() != Item::FUNC_ITEM || item->maybe_null || item->result_type() != STRING_RESULT || item->max_length))) real_order= TRUE; if (item->with_sum_func && item->type() != Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM) item->split_sum_func(thd, ref_pointer_array, all_fields); } if (!real_order) order= NULL; } if (having && having->with_sum_func) having->split_sum_func2(thd, ref_pointer_array, all_fields, &having, TRUE); if (select_lex->inner_sum_func_list) { Item_sum *end=select_lex->inner_sum_func_list; Item_sum *item_sum= end; do { item_sum= item_sum->next; item_sum->split_sum_func2(thd, ref_pointer_array, all_fields, item_sum->ref_by, FALSE); } while (item_sum != end); } if (select_lex->inner_refs_list.elements && fix_inner_refs(thd, all_fields, select_lex, ref_pointer_array)) DBUG_RETURN(-1); if (group_list) { /* Because HEAP tables can't index BIT fields we need to use an additional hidden field for grouping because later it will be converted to a LONG field. Original field will remain of the BIT type and will be returned to a client. */ for (ORDER *ord= group_list; ord; ord= ord->next) { if ((*ord->item)->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && (*ord->item)->field_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BIT) { Item_field *field= new Item_field(thd, *(Item_field**)ord->item); int el= all_fields.elements; ref_pointer_array[el]= field; all_fields.push_front(field); ord->item= ref_pointer_array + el; } } } /* Check if there are references to un-aggregated columns when computing aggregate functions with implicit grouping (there is no GROUP BY). */ if (thd->variables.sql_mode & MODE_ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY && !group_list && !(select_lex->master_unit()->item && select_lex->master_unit()->item->is_in_predicate() && ((Item_in_subselect*)select_lex->master_unit()->item)-> test_set_strategy(SUBS_MAXMIN_INJECTED)) && select_lex->non_agg_field_used() && select_lex->agg_func_used()) { my_message(ER_MIX_OF_GROUP_FUNC_AND_FIELDS, ER(ER_MIX_OF_GROUP_FUNC_AND_FIELDS), MYF(0)); DBUG_RETURN(-1); } { /* Caclulate the number of groups */ send_group_parts= 0; for (ORDER *group_tmp= group_list ; group_tmp ; group_tmp= group_tmp->next) send_group_parts++; } procedure= setup_procedure(thd, proc_param, result, fields_list, &error); if (error) goto err; /* purecov: inspected */ if (procedure) { if (setup_new_fields(thd, fields_list, all_fields, procedure->param_fields)) goto err; /* purecov: inspected */ if (procedure->group) { if (!test_if_subpart(procedure->group,group_list)) { /* purecov: inspected */ my_message(ER_DIFF_GROUPS_PROC, ER(ER_DIFF_GROUPS_PROC), MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ goto err; /* purecov: inspected */ } } if (order && (procedure->flags & PROC_NO_SORT)) { /* purecov: inspected */ my_message(ER_ORDER_WITH_PROC, ER(ER_ORDER_WITH_PROC), MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ goto err; /* purecov: inspected */ } if (thd->lex->derived_tables) { my_error(ER_WRONG_USAGE, MYF(0), "PROCEDURE", thd->lex->derived_tables & DERIVED_VIEW ? "view" : "subquery"); goto err; } if (thd->lex->sql_command != SQLCOM_SELECT) { my_error(ER_WRONG_USAGE, MYF(0), "PROCEDURE", "non-SELECT"); goto err; } } if (!procedure && result && result->prepare(fields_list, unit_arg)) goto err; /* purecov: inspected */ unit= unit_arg; if (prepare_stage2()) goto err; DBUG_RETURN(0); // All OK err: delete procedure; /* purecov: inspected */ procedure= 0; DBUG_RETURN(-1); /* purecov: inspected */ } /** Second phase of prepare where we collect some statistic. @details We made this part separate to be able recalculate some statistic after transforming subquery on optimization phase. */ bool JOIN::prepare_stage2() { bool res= TRUE; DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::prepare_stage2"); /* Init join struct */ count_field_types(select_lex, &tmp_table_param, all_fields, 0); ref_pointer_array_size= all_fields.elements*sizeof(Item*); this->group= group_list != 0; if (tmp_table_param.sum_func_count && !group_list) implicit_grouping= TRUE; #ifdef RESTRICTED_GROUP if (implicit_grouping) { my_message(ER_WRONG_SUM_SELECT,ER(ER_WRONG_SUM_SELECT),MYF(0)); goto err; } #endif if (select_lex->olap == ROLLUP_TYPE && rollup_init()) goto err; if (alloc_func_list()) goto err; res= FALSE; err: DBUG_RETURN(res); /* purecov: inspected */ } /** global select optimisation. @note error code saved in field 'error' @retval 0 success @retval 1 error */ int JOIN::optimize() { ulonglong select_opts_for_readinfo; uint no_jbuf_after; DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::optimize"); do_send_rows = (unit->select_limit_cnt) ? 1 : 0; // to prevent double initialization on EXPLAIN if (optimized) DBUG_RETURN(0); optimized= 1; DEBUG_SYNC(thd, "before_join_optimize"); thd_proc_info(thd, "optimizing"); set_allowed_join_cache_types(); need_distinct= TRUE; /* Run optimize phase for all derived tables/views used in this SELECT. */ if (select_lex->handle_derived(thd->lex, DT_OPTIMIZE)) DBUG_RETURN(1); if (select_lex->first_cond_optimization) { //Do it only for the first execution /* Merge all mergeable derived tables/views in this SELECT. */ if (select_lex->handle_derived(thd->lex, DT_MERGE)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); table_count= select_lex->leaf_tables.elements; select_lex->update_used_tables(); } if (transform_max_min_subquery()) DBUG_RETURN(1); /* purecov: inspected */ if (select_lex->first_cond_optimization) { /* dump_TABLE_LIST_graph(select_lex, select_lex->leaf_tables); */ if (convert_join_subqueries_to_semijoins(this)) DBUG_RETURN(1); /* purecov: inspected */ /* dump_TABLE_LIST_graph(select_lex, select_lex->leaf_tables); */ select_lex->update_used_tables(); } eval_select_list_used_tables(); if (optimize_constant_subqueries()) DBUG_RETURN(1); table_count= select_lex->leaf_tables.elements; if (setup_ftfuncs(select_lex)) /* should be after having->fix_fields */ DBUG_RETURN(-1); row_limit= ((select_distinct || order || group_list) ? HA_POS_ERROR : unit->select_limit_cnt); /* select_limit is used to decide if we are likely to scan the whole table */ select_limit= unit->select_limit_cnt; if (having || (select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS)) select_limit= HA_POS_ERROR; #ifdef HAVE_REF_TO_FIELDS // Not done yet /* Add HAVING to WHERE if possible */ if (having && !group_list && !sum_func_count) { if (!conds) { conds= having; having= 0; } else if ((conds=new Item_cond_and(conds,having))) { /* Item_cond_and can't be fixed after creation, so we do not check conds->fixed */ conds->fix_fields(thd, &conds); conds->change_ref_to_fields(thd, tables_list); conds->top_level_item(); having= 0; } } #endif SELECT_LEX *sel= select_lex; if (sel->first_cond_optimization) { /* The following code will allocate the new items in a permanent MEMROOT for prepared statements and stored procedures. */ Query_arena *arena= thd->stmt_arena, backup; if (arena->is_conventional()) arena= 0; // For easier test else thd->set_n_backup_active_arena(arena, &backup); sel->first_cond_optimization= 0; /* Convert all outer joins to inner joins if possible */ conds= simplify_joins(this, join_list, conds, TRUE, FALSE); if (select_lex->save_leaf_tables(thd)) DBUG_RETURN(1); build_bitmap_for_nested_joins(join_list, 0); sel->prep_where= conds ? conds->copy_andor_structure(thd) : 0; sel->where= conds; if (arena) thd->restore_active_arena(arena, &backup); } if (setup_jtbm_semi_joins(this, join_list, &conds)) DBUG_RETURN(1); conds= optimize_cond(this, conds, join_list, FALSE, &cond_value, &cond_equal); if (thd->is_error()) { error= 1; DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error from optimize_cond")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } { having= optimize_cond(this, having, join_list, TRUE, &having_value, &having_equal); if (thd->is_error()) { error= 1; DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error from optimize_cond")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } if (select_lex->where) { select_lex->cond_value= cond_value; if (sel->where != conds && cond_value == Item::COND_OK) thd->change_item_tree(&sel->where, conds); } if (select_lex->having) { select_lex->having_value= having_value; if (sel->having != having && having_value == Item::COND_OK) thd->change_item_tree(&sel->having, having); } if (cond_value == Item::COND_FALSE || having_value == Item::COND_FALSE || (!unit->select_limit_cnt && !(select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS))) { /* Impossible cond */ DBUG_PRINT("info", (having_value == Item::COND_FALSE ? "Impossible HAVING" : "Impossible WHERE")); zero_result_cause= having_value == Item::COND_FALSE ? "Impossible HAVING" : "Impossible WHERE"; table_count= top_join_tab_count= 0; error= 0; goto setup_subq_exit; } } #ifdef WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE { TABLE_LIST *tbl; List_iterator_fast li(select_lex->leaf_tables); while ((tbl= li++)) { /* If tbl->embedding!=NULL that means that this table is in the inner part of the nested outer join, and we can't do partition pruning (TODO: check if this limitation can be lifted) */ if (!tbl->embedding) { Item *prune_cond= tbl->on_expr? tbl->on_expr : conds; tbl->table->no_partitions_used= prune_partitions(thd, tbl->table, prune_cond); } } } #endif /* Try to optimize count(*), min() and max() to const fields if there is implicit grouping (aggregate functions but no group_list). In this case, the result set shall only contain one row. */ if (tables_list && implicit_grouping) { int res; /* opt_sum_query() returns HA_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND if no rows match to the WHERE conditions, or 1 if all items were resolved (optimized away), or 0, or an error number HA_ERR_... If all items were resolved by opt_sum_query, there is no need to open any tables. */ if ((res=opt_sum_query(thd, select_lex->leaf_tables, all_fields, conds))) { DBUG_ASSERT(res >= 0); if (res == HA_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("No matching min/max row")); zero_result_cause= "No matching min/max row"; table_count= top_join_tab_count= 0; error=0; goto setup_subq_exit; } if (res > 1) { error= res; DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error from opt_sum_query")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } DBUG_PRINT("info",("Select tables optimized away")); zero_result_cause= "Select tables optimized away"; tables_list= 0; // All tables resolved const_tables= top_join_tab_count= table_count; /* Extract all table-independent conditions and replace the WHERE clause with them. All other conditions were computed by opt_sum_query and the MIN/MAX/COUNT function(s) have been replaced by constants, so there is no need to compute the whole WHERE clause again. Notice that make_cond_for_table() will always succeed to remove all computed conditions, because opt_sum_query() is applicable only to conjunctions. Preserve conditions for EXPLAIN. */ if (conds && !(thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED)) { COND *table_independent_conds= make_cond_for_table(thd, conds, PSEUDO_TABLE_BITS, 0, -1, FALSE, FALSE); DBUG_EXECUTE("where", print_where(table_independent_conds, "where after opt_sum_query()", QT_ORDINARY);); conds= table_independent_conds; } } } if (!tables_list) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("No tables")); error= 0; goto setup_subq_exit; } error= -1; // Error is sent to client sort_by_table= get_sort_by_table(order, group_list, select_lex->leaf_tables); /* Calculate how to do the join */ thd_proc_info(thd, "statistics"); if (make_join_statistics(this, select_lex->leaf_tables, conds, &keyuse) || thd->is_fatal_error) { DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error: make_join_statistics() failed")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } if (optimizer_flag(thd, OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_DERIVED_WITH_KEYS)) drop_unused_derived_keys(); if (rollup.state != ROLLUP::STATE_NONE) { if (rollup_process_const_fields()) { DBUG_PRINT("error", ("Error: rollup_process_fields() failed")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } } else { /* Remove distinct if only const tables */ select_distinct= select_distinct && (const_tables != table_count); } thd_proc_info(thd, "preparing"); if (result->initialize_tables(this)) { DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error: initialize_tables() failed")); DBUG_RETURN(1); // error == -1 } if (const_table_map != found_const_table_map && !(select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)) { // There is at least one empty const table zero_result_cause= "no matching row in const table"; DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error: %s", zero_result_cause)); error= 0; goto setup_subq_exit; } if (!(thd->variables.option_bits & OPTION_BIG_SELECTS) && best_read > (double) thd->variables.max_join_size && !(select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)) { /* purecov: inspected */ my_message(ER_TOO_BIG_SELECT, ER(ER_TOO_BIG_SELECT), MYF(0)); error= -1; DBUG_RETURN(1); } if (const_tables && !thd->locked_tables_mode && !(select_options & SELECT_NO_UNLOCK)) mysql_unlock_some_tables(thd, table, const_tables); if (!conds && outer_join) { /* Handle the case where we have an OUTER JOIN without a WHERE */ conds=new Item_int((longlong) 1,1); // Always true } select= make_select(*table, const_table_map, const_table_map, conds, 1, &error); if (error) { /* purecov: inspected */ error= -1; /* purecov: inspected */ DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error: make_select() failed")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } reset_nj_counters(this, join_list); if (make_outerjoin_info(this)) { DBUG_RETURN(1); } /* Among the equal fields belonging to the same multiple equality choose the one that is to be retrieved first and substitute all references to these in where condition for a reference for the selected field. */ if (conds) { conds= substitute_for_best_equal_field(NO_PARTICULAR_TAB, conds, cond_equal, map2table); if (thd->is_error()) { error= 1; DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error from substitute_for_best_equal")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } conds->update_used_tables(); DBUG_EXECUTE("where", print_where(conds, "after substitute_best_equal", QT_ORDINARY);); } /* Perform the optimization on fields evaluation mentioned above for all on expressions. */ for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_linear_tab(this, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(this, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { if (*tab->on_expr_ref) { *tab->on_expr_ref= substitute_for_best_equal_field(NO_PARTICULAR_TAB, *tab->on_expr_ref, tab->cond_equal, map2table); if (thd->is_error()) { error= 1; DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error from substitute_for_best_equal")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } (*tab->on_expr_ref)->update_used_tables(); } } /* Perform the optimization on fields evaliation mentioned above for all used ref items. */ for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_linear_tab(this, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(this, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { uint key_copy_index=0; for (uint i=0; i < tab->ref.key_parts; i++) { Item **ref_item_ptr= tab->ref.items+i; Item *ref_item= *ref_item_ptr; if (!ref_item->used_tables() && !(select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)) continue; COND_EQUAL *equals= cond_equal; JOIN_TAB *first_inner= tab->first_inner; while (equals) { ref_item= substitute_for_best_equal_field(tab, ref_item, equals, map2table); if (first_inner) { equals= first_inner->cond_equal; first_inner= first_inner->first_upper; } else equals= 0; } ref_item->update_used_tables(); if (*ref_item_ptr != ref_item) { *ref_item_ptr= ref_item; Item *item= ref_item->real_item(); store_key *key_copy= tab->ref.key_copy[key_copy_index]; if (key_copy->type() == store_key::FIELD_STORE_KEY) { if (item->basic_const_item()) { /* It is constant propagated here */ tab->ref.key_copy[key_copy_index]= new store_key_const_item(*tab->ref.key_copy[key_copy_index], item); } else { store_key_field *field_copy= ((store_key_field *)key_copy); DBUG_ASSERT(item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM); field_copy->change_source_field((Item_field *) item); } } } key_copy_index++; } } if (conds && const_table_map != found_const_table_map && (select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)) { conds=new Item_int((longlong) 0,1); // Always false } /* Cache constant expressions in WHERE, HAVING, ON clauses. */ cache_const_exprs(); if (make_join_select(this, select, conds)) { zero_result_cause= "Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables"; select_lex->mark_const_derived(zero_result_cause); goto setup_subq_exit; } error= -1; /* if goto err */ /* Optimize distinct away if possible */ { ORDER *org_order= order; order=remove_const(this, order,conds,1, &simple_order); if (thd->is_error()) { error= 1; DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error from remove_const")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } /* If we are using ORDER BY NULL or ORDER BY const_expression, return result in any order (even if we are using a GROUP BY) */ if (!order && org_order) skip_sort_order= 1; } /* Check if we can optimize away GROUP BY/DISTINCT. We can do that if there are no aggregate functions, the fields in DISTINCT clause (if present) and/or columns in GROUP BY (if present) contain direct references to all key parts of an unique index (in whatever order) and if the key parts of the unique index cannot contain NULLs. Note that the unique keys for DISTINCT and GROUP BY should not be the same (as long as they are unique). The FROM clause must contain a single non-constant table. */ if (table_count - const_tables == 1 && (group_list || select_distinct) && !tmp_table_param.sum_func_count && (!join_tab[const_tables].select || !join_tab[const_tables].select->quick || join_tab[const_tables].select->quick->get_type() != QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_GROUP_MIN_MAX)) { if (group_list && rollup.state == ROLLUP::STATE_NONE && list_contains_unique_index(join_tab[const_tables].table, find_field_in_order_list, (void *) group_list)) { /* We have found that grouping can be removed since groups correspond to only one row anyway, but we still have to guarantee correct result order. The line below effectively rewrites the query from GROUP BY to ORDER BY . There are two exceptions: - if skip_sort_order is set (see above), then we can simply skip GROUP BY; - we can only rewrite ORDER BY if the ORDER BY fields are 'compatible' with the GROUP BY ones, i.e. either one is a prefix of another. We only check if the ORDER BY is a prefix of GROUP BY. In this case test_if_subpart() copies the ASC/DESC attributes from the original ORDER BY fields. If GROUP BY is a prefix of ORDER BY, then it is safe to leave 'order' as is. */ if (!order || test_if_subpart(group_list, order)) order= skip_sort_order ? 0 : group_list; /* If we have an IGNORE INDEX FOR GROUP BY(fields) clause, this must be rewritten to IGNORE INDEX FOR ORDER BY(fields). */ join_tab->table->keys_in_use_for_order_by= join_tab->table->keys_in_use_for_group_by; group_list= 0; group= 0; } if (select_distinct && list_contains_unique_index(join_tab[const_tables].table, find_field_in_item_list, (void *) &fields_list)) { select_distinct= 0; } } if (group_list || tmp_table_param.sum_func_count) { if (! hidden_group_fields && rollup.state == ROLLUP::STATE_NONE) select_distinct=0; } else if (select_distinct && table_count - const_tables == 1 && rollup.state == ROLLUP::STATE_NONE) { /* We are only using one table. In this case we change DISTINCT to a GROUP BY query if: - The GROUP BY can be done through indexes (no sort) and the ORDER BY only uses selected fields. (In this case we can later optimize away GROUP BY and ORDER BY) - We are scanning the whole table without LIMIT This can happen if: - We are using CALC_FOUND_ROWS - We are using an ORDER BY that can't be optimized away. We don't want to use this optimization when we are using LIMIT because in this case we can just create a temporary table that holds LIMIT rows and stop when this table is full. */ JOIN_TAB *tab= &join_tab[const_tables]; bool all_order_fields_used; if (order) skip_sort_order= test_if_skip_sort_order(tab, order, select_limit, 1, &tab->table->keys_in_use_for_order_by); if ((group_list=create_distinct_group(thd, select_lex->ref_pointer_array, order, fields_list, all_fields, &all_order_fields_used))) { bool skip_group= (skip_sort_order && test_if_skip_sort_order(tab, group_list, select_limit, 1, &tab->table->keys_in_use_for_group_by) != 0); count_field_types(select_lex, &tmp_table_param, all_fields, 0); if ((skip_group && all_order_fields_used) || select_limit == HA_POS_ERROR || (order && !skip_sort_order)) { /* Change DISTINCT to GROUP BY */ select_distinct= 0; no_order= !order; if (all_order_fields_used) { if (order && skip_sort_order) { /* Force MySQL to read the table in sorted order to get result in ORDER BY order. */ tmp_table_param.quick_group=0; } order=0; } group=1; // For end_write_group } else group_list= 0; } else if (thd->is_fatal_error) // End of memory DBUG_RETURN(1); } simple_group= 0; { ORDER *old_group_list; group_list= remove_const(this, (old_group_list= group_list), conds, rollup.state == ROLLUP::STATE_NONE, &simple_group); if (thd->is_error()) { error= 1; DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error from remove_const")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } if (old_group_list && !group_list) { DBUG_ASSERT(group); select_distinct= 0; } } if (!group_list && group) { order=0; // The output has only one row simple_order=1; select_distinct= 0; // No need in distinct for 1 row group_optimized_away= 1; } calc_group_buffer(this, group_list); send_group_parts= tmp_table_param.group_parts; /* Save org parts */ if (procedure && procedure->group) { group_list= procedure->group= remove_const(this, procedure->group, conds, 1, &simple_group); if (thd->is_error()) { error= 1; DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error from remove_const")); DBUG_RETURN(1); } calc_group_buffer(this, group_list); } if (test_if_subpart(group_list, order) || (!group_list && tmp_table_param.sum_func_count)) { order=0; if (is_indexed_agg_distinct(this, NULL)) sort_and_group= 0; } // Can't use sort on head table if using join buffering if (full_join || hash_join) { TABLE *stable= (sort_by_table == (TABLE *) 1 ? join_tab[const_tables].table : sort_by_table); /* FORCE INDEX FOR ORDER BY can be used to prevent join buffering when sorting on the first table. */ if (!stable || !stable->force_index_order) { if (group_list) simple_group= 0; if (order) simple_order= 0; } } need_tmp= test_if_need_tmp_table(); /* If the hint FORCE INDEX FOR ORDER BY/GROUP BY is used for the table whose columns are required to be returned in a sorted order, then the proper value for no_jbuf_after should be yielded by a call to the make_join_orderinfo function. Yet the current implementation of FORCE INDEX hints does not allow us to do it in a clean manner. */ no_jbuf_after= 1 ? table_count : make_join_orderinfo(this); // Don't use join buffering when we use MATCH select_opts_for_readinfo= (select_options & (SELECT_DESCRIBE | SELECT_NO_JOIN_CACHE)) | (select_lex->ftfunc_list->elements ? SELECT_NO_JOIN_CACHE : 0); if (make_join_readinfo(this, select_opts_for_readinfo, no_jbuf_after)) DBUG_RETURN(1); /* Perform FULLTEXT search before all regular searches */ if (!(select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)) init_ftfuncs(thd, select_lex, test(order)); if (optimize_unflattened_subqueries()) DBUG_RETURN(1); int res; if ((res= rewrite_to_index_subquery_engine(this)) != -1) DBUG_RETURN(res); if (setup_subquery_caches()) DBUG_RETURN(-1); /* Need to tell handlers that to play it safe, it should fetch all columns of the primary key of the tables: this is because MySQL may build row pointers for the rows, and for all columns of the primary key the read set has not necessarily been set by the server code. */ if (need_tmp || select_distinct || group_list || order) { for (uint i= 0; i < table_count; i++) { if (!(table[i]->map & const_table_map)) table[i]->prepare_for_position(); } } DBUG_EXECUTE("info",TEST_join(this);); if (const_tables != table_count) { /* Because filesort always does a full table scan or a quick range scan we must add the removed reference to the select for the table. We only need to do this when we have a simple_order or simple_group as in other cases the join is done before the sort. */ if ((order || group_list) && join_tab[const_tables].type != JT_ALL && join_tab[const_tables].type != JT_FT && join_tab[const_tables].type != JT_REF_OR_NULL && ((order && simple_order) || (group_list && simple_group))) { if (add_ref_to_table_cond(thd,&join_tab[const_tables])) { DBUG_RETURN(1); } } /* Calculate a possible 'limit' of table rows for 'GROUP BY': 'need_tmp' implies that there will be more postprocessing so the specified 'limit' should not be enforced yet in the call to 'test_if_skip_sort_order'. */ const ha_rows limit = need_tmp ? HA_POS_ERROR : unit->select_limit_cnt; if (!(select_options & SELECT_BIG_RESULT) && ((group_list && (!simple_group || !test_if_skip_sort_order(&join_tab[const_tables], group_list, limit, 0, &join_tab[const_tables].table-> keys_in_use_for_group_by))) || select_distinct) && tmp_table_param.quick_group && !procedure) { need_tmp=1; simple_order=simple_group=0; // Force tmp table without sort } if (order) { /* Do we need a temporary table due to the ORDER BY not being equal to the GROUP BY? The call to test_if_skip_sort_order above tests for the GROUP BY clause only and hence is not valid in this case. So the estimated number of rows to be read from the first table is not valid. We clear it here so that it doesn't show up in EXPLAIN. */ if (need_tmp && (select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) != 0) join_tab[const_tables].limit= 0; /* Force using of tmp table if sorting by a SP or UDF function due to their expensive and probably non-deterministic nature. */ for (ORDER *tmp_order= order; tmp_order ; tmp_order=tmp_order->next) { Item *item= *tmp_order->item; if (item->is_expensive()) { /* Force tmp table without sort */ need_tmp=1; simple_order=simple_group=0; break; } } } } tmp_having= having; if (select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) { error= 0; goto derived_exit; } having= 0; /* The loose index scan access method guarantees that all grouping or duplicate row elimination (for distinct) is already performed during data retrieval, and that all MIN/MAX functions are already computed for each group. Thus all MIN/MAX functions should be treated as regular functions, and there is no need to perform grouping in the main execution loop. Notice that currently loose index scan is applicable only for single table queries, thus it is sufficient to test only the first join_tab element of the plan for its access method. */ if (join_tab->is_using_loose_index_scan()) { tmp_table_param.precomputed_group_by= TRUE; if (join_tab->is_using_agg_loose_index_scan()) { need_distinct= FALSE; tmp_table_param.precomputed_group_by= FALSE; } } error= 0; DBUG_RETURN(0); setup_subq_exit: /* Choose an execution strategy for this JOIN. */ if (!tables_list || !table_count) choose_tableless_subquery_plan(); /* Even with zero matching rows, subqueries in the HAVING clause may need to be evaluated if there are aggregate functions in the query. */ if (optimize_unflattened_subqueries()) DBUG_RETURN(1); error= 0; derived_exit: select_lex->mark_const_derived(zero_result_cause); DBUG_RETURN(0); } /** Create and initialize objects neeed for the execution of a query plan. Evaluate constant expressions not evaluated during optimization. */ int JOIN::init_execution() { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::init_execution"); DBUG_ASSERT(optimized); DBUG_ASSERT(!(select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)); initialized= true; /* Enable LIMIT ROWS EXAMINED during query execution if: (1) This JOIN is the outermost query (not a subquery or derived table) This ensures that the limit is enabled when actual execution begins, and not if a subquery is evaluated during optimization of the outer query. (2) This JOIN is not the result of a UNION. In this case do not apply the limit in order to produce the partial query result stored in the UNION temp table. */ if (!select_lex->outer_select() && // (1) select_lex != select_lex->master_unit()->fake_select_lex) // (2) thd->lex->set_limit_rows_examined(); /* Create a tmp table if distinct or if the sort is too complicated */ if (need_tmp) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("Creating tmp table")); thd_proc_info(thd, "Creating tmp table"); init_items_ref_array(); tmp_table_param.hidden_field_count= (all_fields.elements - fields_list.elements); ORDER *tmp_group= ((!simple_group && !procedure && !(test_flags & TEST_NO_KEY_GROUP)) ? group_list : (ORDER*) 0); /* Pushing LIMIT to the temporary table creation is not applicable when there is ORDER BY or GROUP BY or there is no GROUP BY, but there are aggregate functions, because in all these cases we need all result rows. */ ha_rows tmp_rows_limit= ((order == 0 || skip_sort_order) && !tmp_group && !thd->lex->current_select->with_sum_func) ? select_limit : HA_POS_ERROR; if (!(exec_tmp_table1= create_tmp_table(thd, &tmp_table_param, all_fields, tmp_group, group_list ? 0 : select_distinct, group_list && simple_group, select_options, tmp_rows_limit, ""))) DBUG_RETURN(1); /* We don't have to store rows in temp table that doesn't match HAVING if: - we are sorting the table and writing complete group rows to the temp table. - We are using DISTINCT without resolving the distinct as a GROUP BY on all columns. If having is not handled here, it will be checked before the row is sent to the client. */ if (tmp_having && (sort_and_group || (exec_tmp_table1->distinct && !group_list))) having= tmp_having; /* if group or order on first table, sort first */ if (group_list && simple_group) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("Sorting for group")); thd_proc_info(thd, "Sorting for group"); if (create_sort_index(thd, this, group_list, HA_POS_ERROR, HA_POS_ERROR, FALSE) || alloc_group_fields(this, group_list) || make_sum_func_list(all_fields, fields_list, 1) || prepare_sum_aggregators(sum_funcs, need_distinct) || setup_sum_funcs(thd, sum_funcs)) { DBUG_RETURN(1); } group_list=0; } else { if (make_sum_func_list(all_fields, fields_list, 0) || prepare_sum_aggregators(sum_funcs, need_distinct) || setup_sum_funcs(thd, sum_funcs)) { DBUG_RETURN(1); } if (!group_list && ! exec_tmp_table1->distinct && order && simple_order) { thd_proc_info(thd, "Sorting for order"); if (create_sort_index(thd, this, order, HA_POS_ERROR, HA_POS_ERROR, TRUE)) { DBUG_RETURN(1); } order=0; } } /* Optimize distinct when used on some of the tables SELECT DISTINCT t1.a FROM t1,t2 WHERE t1.b=t2.b In this case we can stop scanning t2 when we have found one t1.a */ if (exec_tmp_table1->distinct) { table_map used_tables= select_list_used_tables; JOIN_TAB *last_join_tab= join_tab + top_join_tab_count - 1; do { if (used_tables & last_join_tab->table->map) break; last_join_tab->not_used_in_distinct=1; } while (last_join_tab-- != join_tab); /* Optimize "select distinct b from t1 order by key_part_1 limit #" */ if (order && skip_sort_order) { /* Should always succeed */ if (test_if_skip_sort_order(&join_tab[const_tables], order, unit->select_limit_cnt, 0, &join_tab[const_tables].table-> keys_in_use_for_order_by)) order=0; } } /* If this join belongs to an uncacheable query save the original join */ if (select_lex->uncacheable && init_save_join_tab()) DBUG_RETURN(-1); /* purecov: inspected */ } DBUG_RETURN(0); } /** Setup expression caches for subqueries that need them @details The function wraps correlated subquery expressions that return one value into objects of the class Item_cache_wrapper setting up an expression cache for each of them. The result values of the subqueries are to be cached together with the corresponding sets of the parameters - outer references of the subqueries. @retval FALSE OK @retval TRUE Error */ bool JOIN::setup_subquery_caches() { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::setup_subquery_caches"); /* We have to check all this condition together because items created in one of this clauses can be moved to another one by optimizer */ if (select_lex->expr_cache_may_be_used[IN_WHERE] || select_lex->expr_cache_may_be_used[IN_HAVING] || select_lex->expr_cache_may_be_used[IN_ON] || select_lex->expr_cache_may_be_used[NO_MATTER]) { if (conds) conds= conds->transform(&Item::expr_cache_insert_transformer, (uchar*) thd); for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_linear_tab(this, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(this, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { if (tab->select_cond) tab->select_cond= tab->select_cond->transform(&Item::expr_cache_insert_transformer, (uchar*) thd); if (tab->cache_select && tab->cache_select->cond) tab->cache_select->cond= tab->cache_select-> cond->transform(&Item::expr_cache_insert_transformer, (uchar*) thd); } if (having) having= having->transform(&Item::expr_cache_insert_transformer, (uchar*) thd); if (tmp_having) { DBUG_ASSERT(having == NULL); tmp_having= tmp_having->transform(&Item::expr_cache_insert_transformer, (uchar*) thd); } } if (select_lex->expr_cache_may_be_used[SELECT_LIST] || select_lex->expr_cache_may_be_used[IN_GROUP_BY] || select_lex->expr_cache_may_be_used[NO_MATTER]) { List_iterator li(all_fields); Item *item; while ((item= li++)) { Item *new_item= item->transform(&Item::expr_cache_insert_transformer, (uchar*) thd); if (new_item != item) { thd->change_item_tree(li.ref(), new_item); } } for (ORDER *group= group_list; group ; group= group->next) { *group->item= (*group->item)->transform(&Item::expr_cache_insert_transformer, (uchar*) thd); } } if (select_lex->expr_cache_may_be_used[NO_MATTER]) { for (ORDER *ord= order; ord; ord= ord->next) { *ord->item= (*ord->item)->transform(&Item::expr_cache_insert_transformer, (uchar*) thd); } } DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /** Restore values in temporary join. */ void JOIN::restore_tmp() { DBUG_PRINT("info", ("restore_tmp this %p tmp_join %p", this, tmp_join)); DBUG_ASSERT(tmp_join != this); memcpy(tmp_join, this, (size_t) sizeof(JOIN)); } /* Shrink join buffers used for preceding tables to reduce the occupied space SYNOPSIS shrink_join_buffers() jt table up to which the buffers are to be shrunk curr_space the size of the space used by the buffers for tables 1..jt needed_space the size of the space that has to be used by these buffers DESCRIPTION The function makes an attempt to shrink all join buffers used for the tables starting from the first up to jt to reduce the total size of the space occupied by the buffers used for tables 1,...,jt from curr_space to needed_space. The function assumes that the buffer for the table jt has not been allocated yet. RETURN FALSE if all buffer have been successfully shrunk TRUE otherwise */ bool JOIN::shrink_join_buffers(JOIN_TAB *jt, ulonglong curr_space, ulonglong needed_space) { JOIN_CACHE *cache; for (JOIN_TAB *tab= join_tab+const_tables; tab < jt; tab++) { cache= tab->cache; if (cache) { size_t buff_size; if (needed_space < cache->get_min_join_buffer_size()) return TRUE; if (cache->shrink_join_buffer_in_ratio(curr_space, needed_space)) { revise_cache_usage(tab); return TRUE; } buff_size= cache->get_join_buffer_size(); curr_space-= buff_size; needed_space-= buff_size; } } cache= jt->cache; DBUG_ASSERT(cache); if (needed_space < cache->get_min_join_buffer_size()) return TRUE; cache->set_join_buffer_size((size_t)needed_space); return FALSE; } int JOIN::reinit() { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::reinit"); unit->offset_limit_cnt= (ha_rows)(select_lex->offset_limit ? select_lex->offset_limit->val_uint() : ULL(0)); first_record= 0; cleaned= false; if (exec_tmp_table1) { exec_tmp_table1->file->extra(HA_EXTRA_RESET_STATE); exec_tmp_table1->file->ha_delete_all_rows(); free_io_cache(exec_tmp_table1); filesort_free_buffers(exec_tmp_table1,0); } if (exec_tmp_table2) { exec_tmp_table2->file->extra(HA_EXTRA_RESET_STATE); exec_tmp_table2->file->ha_delete_all_rows(); free_io_cache(exec_tmp_table2); filesort_free_buffers(exec_tmp_table2,0); } clear_sj_tmp_tables(this); if (items0) set_items_ref_array(items0); if (join_tab_save) memcpy(join_tab, join_tab_save, sizeof(JOIN_TAB) * table_count); /* need to reset ref access state (see join_read_key) */ if (join_tab) { for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_linear_tab(this, WITH_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(this, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { tab->ref.key_err= TRUE; } } if (tmp_join) restore_tmp(); /* Reset of sum functions */ if (sum_funcs) { Item_sum *func, **func_ptr= sum_funcs; while ((func= *(func_ptr++))) func->clear(); } if (no_rows_in_result_called) { /* Reset effect of possible no_rows_in_result() */ List_iterator_fast it(fields_list); Item *item; no_rows_in_result_called= 0; while ((item= it++)) item->restore_to_before_no_rows_in_result(); } if (!(select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)) init_ftfuncs(thd, select_lex, test(order)); DBUG_RETURN(0); } /** @brief Save the original join layout @details Saves the original join layout so it can be reused in re-execution and for EXPLAIN. @return Operation status @retval 0 success. @retval 1 error occurred. */ bool JOIN::init_save_join_tab() { if (!(tmp_join= (JOIN*)thd->alloc(sizeof(JOIN)))) return 1; /* purecov: inspected */ error= 0; // Ensure that tmp_join.error= 0 restore_tmp(); return 0; } bool JOIN::save_join_tab() { if (!join_tab_save && select_lex->master_unit()->uncacheable) { if (!(join_tab_save= (JOIN_TAB*)thd->memdup((uchar*) join_tab, sizeof(JOIN_TAB) * table_count))) return 1; } return 0; } /** Exec select. @todo Note, that create_sort_index calls test_if_skip_sort_order and may finally replace sorting with index scan if there is a LIMIT clause in the query. It's never shown in EXPLAIN! @todo When can we have here thd->net.report_error not zero? */ void JOIN::exec() { List *columns_list= &fields_list; int tmp_error; DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::exec"); thd_proc_info(thd, "executing"); error= 0; if (procedure) { procedure_fields_list= fields_list; if (procedure->change_columns(procedure_fields_list) || result->prepare(procedure_fields_list, unit)) { thd->limit_found_rows= thd->examined_row_count= 0; DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } columns_list= &procedure_fields_list; } (void) result->prepare2(); // Currently, this cannot fail. if (!tables_list && (table_count || !select_lex->with_sum_func)) { // Only test of functions if (select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) select_describe(this, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, (zero_result_cause?zero_result_cause:"No tables used")); else { if (result->send_result_set_metadata(*columns_list, Protocol::SEND_NUM_ROWS | Protocol::SEND_EOF)) { DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /* We have to test for 'conds' here as the WHERE may not be constant even if we don't have any tables for prepared statements or if conds uses something like 'rand()'. If the HAVING clause is either impossible or always true, then JOIN::having is set to NULL by optimize_cond. In this case JOIN::exec must check for JOIN::having_value, in the same way it checks for JOIN::cond_value. */ if (cond_value != Item::COND_FALSE && having_value != Item::COND_FALSE && (!conds || conds->val_int()) && (!having || having->val_int())) { if (do_send_rows && (procedure ? (procedure->send_row(procedure_fields_list) || procedure->end_of_records()) : result->send_data(fields_list)> 0)) error= 1; else { error= (int) result->send_eof(); send_records= ((select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS) ? 1 : thd->sent_row_count); } } else { error=(int) result->send_eof(); send_records= 0; } } /* Single select (without union) always returns 0 or 1 row */ thd->limit_found_rows= send_records; thd->examined_row_count= 0; DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /* Don't reset the found rows count if there're no tables as FOUND_ROWS() may be called. Never reset the examined row count here. It must be accumulated from all join iterations of all join parts. */ if (table_count) thd->limit_found_rows= 0; /* Evaluate expensive constant conditions that were not evaluated during optimization. Do not evaluate them for EXPLAIN statements as these condtions may be arbitrarily costly, and because the optimize phase might not have produced a complete executable plan for EXPLAINs. */ if (exec_const_cond && !(select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) && !exec_const_cond->val_int()) zero_result_cause= "Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables"; /* We've called exec_const_cond->val_int(). This may have caused an error. */ if (thd->is_error()) { error= thd->is_error(); DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } if (zero_result_cause) { (void) return_zero_rows(this, result, select_lex->leaf_tables, *columns_list, send_row_on_empty_set(), select_options, zero_result_cause, having ? having : tmp_having, all_fields); DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /* Evaluate all constant expressions with subqueries in the ORDER/GROUP clauses to make sure that all subqueries return a single row. The evaluation itself will trigger an error if that is not the case. */ if (exec_const_order_group_cond.elements && !(select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)) { List_iterator_fast const_item_it(exec_const_order_group_cond); Item *cur_const_item; while ((cur_const_item= const_item_it++)) { cur_const_item->val_str(&cur_const_item->str_value); if (thd->is_error()) { error= thd->is_error(); DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } } } if ((this->select_lex->options & OPTION_SCHEMA_TABLE) && get_schema_tables_result(this, PROCESSED_BY_JOIN_EXEC)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; if (select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) { /* Check if we managed to optimize ORDER BY away and don't use temporary table to resolve ORDER BY: in that case, we only may need to do filesort for GROUP BY. */ if (!order && !no_order && (!skip_sort_order || !need_tmp)) { /* Reset 'order' to 'group_list' and reinit variables describing 'order' */ order= group_list; simple_order= simple_group; skip_sort_order= 0; } if (order && (order != group_list || !(select_options & SELECT_BIG_RESULT)) && (const_tables == table_count || ((simple_order || skip_sort_order) && test_if_skip_sort_order(&join_tab[const_tables], order, select_limit, 0, &join_tab[const_tables].table-> keys_in_use_for_query)))) order=0; having= tmp_having; select_describe(this, need_tmp, order != 0 && !skip_sort_order, select_distinct, !table_count ? "No tables used" : NullS); DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } else { /* it's a const select, materialize it. */ select_lex->mark_const_derived(zero_result_cause); } if (!initialized && init_execution()) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; JOIN *curr_join= this; List *curr_all_fields= &all_fields; List *curr_fields_list= &fields_list; TABLE *curr_tmp_table= 0; /* curr_join->join_free() will call JOIN::cleanup(full=TRUE). It will not be safe to call update_used_tables() after that. */ if (curr_join->tmp_having) curr_join->tmp_having->update_used_tables(); /* Initialize examined rows here because the values from all join parts must be accumulated in examined_row_count. Hence every join iteration must count from zero. */ curr_join->examined_rows= 0; /* Create a tmp table if distinct or if the sort is too complicated */ if (need_tmp) { if (tmp_join) { /* We are in a non cacheable sub query. Get the saved join structure after optimization. (curr_join may have been modified during last exection and we need to reset it) */ curr_join= tmp_join; } curr_tmp_table= exec_tmp_table1; /* Copy data to the temporary table */ thd_proc_info(thd, copy_to_tmp_table); DBUG_PRINT("info", ("%s", thd->proc_info)); if (!curr_join->sort_and_group && curr_join->const_tables != curr_join->table_count) { JOIN_TAB *first_tab= curr_join->join_tab + curr_join->const_tables; first_tab->sorted= test(first_tab->loosescan_match_tab); } Procedure *save_proc= curr_join->procedure; tmp_error= do_select(curr_join, (List *) 0, curr_tmp_table, 0); curr_join->procedure= save_proc; if (tmp_error) { error= tmp_error; DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } curr_tmp_table->file->info(HA_STATUS_VARIABLE); if (curr_join->having) curr_join->having= curr_join->tmp_having= 0; // Allready done /* Change sum_fields reference to calculated fields in tmp_table */ #ifdef HAVE_valgrind if (curr_join != this) #endif curr_join->all_fields= *curr_all_fields; if (!items1) { items1= items0 + all_fields.elements; if (sort_and_group || curr_tmp_table->group || tmp_table_param.precomputed_group_by) { if (change_to_use_tmp_fields(thd, items1, tmp_fields_list1, tmp_all_fields1, fields_list.elements, all_fields)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } else { if (change_refs_to_tmp_fields(thd, items1, tmp_fields_list1, tmp_all_fields1, fields_list.elements, all_fields)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } #ifdef HAVE_valgrind if (curr_join != this) #endif { curr_join->tmp_all_fields1= tmp_all_fields1; curr_join->tmp_fields_list1= tmp_fields_list1; } curr_join->items1= items1; } curr_all_fields= &tmp_all_fields1; curr_fields_list= &tmp_fields_list1; curr_join->set_items_ref_array(items1); if (sort_and_group || curr_tmp_table->group) { curr_join->tmp_table_param.field_count+= curr_join->tmp_table_param.sum_func_count+ curr_join->tmp_table_param.func_count; curr_join->tmp_table_param.sum_func_count= curr_join->tmp_table_param.func_count= 0; } else { curr_join->tmp_table_param.field_count+= curr_join->tmp_table_param.func_count; curr_join->tmp_table_param.func_count= 0; } // procedure can't be used inside subselect => we do nothing special for it if (procedure) procedure->update_refs(); if (curr_tmp_table->group) { // Already grouped if (!curr_join->order && !curr_join->no_order && !skip_sort_order) curr_join->order= curr_join->group_list; /* order by group */ curr_join->group_list= 0; } /* If we have different sort & group then we must sort the data by group and copy it to another tmp table This code is also used if we are using distinct something we haven't been able to store in the temporary table yet like SEC_TO_TIME(SUM(...)). */ if ((curr_join->group_list && (!test_if_subpart(curr_join->group_list, curr_join->order) || curr_join->select_distinct)) || (curr_join->select_distinct && curr_join->tmp_table_param.using_indirect_summary_function)) { /* Must copy to another table */ DBUG_PRINT("info",("Creating group table")); /* Free first data from old join */ curr_join->join_free(); if (curr_join->make_simple_join(this, curr_tmp_table)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; calc_group_buffer(curr_join, group_list); count_field_types(select_lex, &curr_join->tmp_table_param, curr_join->tmp_all_fields1, curr_join->select_distinct && !curr_join->group_list); curr_join->tmp_table_param.hidden_field_count= (curr_join->tmp_all_fields1.elements- curr_join->tmp_fields_list1.elements); if (exec_tmp_table2) curr_tmp_table= exec_tmp_table2; else { /* group data to new table */ /* If the access method is loose index scan then all MIN/MAX functions are precomputed, and should be treated as regular functions. See extended comment in JOIN::exec. */ if (curr_join->join_tab->is_using_loose_index_scan()) curr_join->tmp_table_param.precomputed_group_by= TRUE; if (!(curr_tmp_table= exec_tmp_table2= create_tmp_table(thd, &curr_join->tmp_table_param, *curr_all_fields, (ORDER*) 0, curr_join->select_distinct && !curr_join->group_list, 1, curr_join->select_options, HA_POS_ERROR, ""))) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; curr_join->exec_tmp_table2= exec_tmp_table2; } if (curr_join->group_list) { thd_proc_info(thd, "Creating sort index"); if (curr_join->join_tab == join_tab && save_join_tab()) { DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } if (create_sort_index(thd, curr_join, curr_join->group_list, HA_POS_ERROR, HA_POS_ERROR, FALSE) || make_group_fields(this, curr_join)) { DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } sortorder= curr_join->sortorder; } thd_proc_info(thd, "Copying to group table"); DBUG_PRINT("info", ("%s", thd->proc_info)); if (curr_join != this) { if (sum_funcs2) { curr_join->sum_funcs= sum_funcs2; curr_join->sum_funcs_end= sum_funcs_end2; } else { curr_join->alloc_func_list(); sum_funcs2= curr_join->sum_funcs; sum_funcs_end2= curr_join->sum_funcs_end; } } if (curr_join->make_sum_func_list(*curr_all_fields, *curr_fields_list, 1, TRUE) || prepare_sum_aggregators(curr_join->sum_funcs, !curr_join->join_tab->is_using_agg_loose_index_scan())) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; curr_join->group_list= 0; if (!curr_join->sort_and_group && curr_join->const_tables != curr_join->table_count) { JOIN_TAB *first_tab= curr_join->join_tab + curr_join->const_tables; first_tab->sorted= test(first_tab->loosescan_match_tab); } tmp_error= -1; if (setup_sum_funcs(curr_join->thd, curr_join->sum_funcs) || (tmp_error= do_select(curr_join, (List *) 0, curr_tmp_table, 0))) { error= tmp_error; DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } end_read_record(&curr_join->join_tab->read_record); curr_join->const_tables= curr_join->table_count; // Mark free for cleanup() curr_join->join_tab[0].table= 0; // Table is freed // No sum funcs anymore if (!items2) { items2= items1 + all_fields.elements; if (change_to_use_tmp_fields(thd, items2, tmp_fields_list2, tmp_all_fields2, fields_list.elements, tmp_all_fields1)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; #ifdef HAVE_valgrind /* Some GCCs use memcpy() for struct assignment, even for x=x. GCC bug 19410: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=19410 */ if (curr_join != this) #endif { curr_join->tmp_fields_list2= tmp_fields_list2; curr_join->tmp_all_fields2= tmp_all_fields2; } } curr_fields_list= &curr_join->tmp_fields_list2; curr_all_fields= &curr_join->tmp_all_fields2; curr_join->set_items_ref_array(items2); curr_join->tmp_table_param.field_count+= curr_join->tmp_table_param.sum_func_count; curr_join->tmp_table_param.sum_func_count= 0; } if (curr_tmp_table->distinct) curr_join->select_distinct=0; /* Each row is unique */ curr_join->join_free(); /* Free quick selects */ if (curr_join->select_distinct && ! curr_join->group_list) { thd_proc_info(thd, "Removing duplicates"); if (remove_duplicates(curr_join, curr_tmp_table, *curr_fields_list, curr_join->tmp_having)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; curr_join->tmp_having=0; curr_join->select_distinct=0; } curr_tmp_table->reginfo.lock_type= TL_UNLOCK; if (curr_join->make_simple_join(this, curr_tmp_table)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; calc_group_buffer(curr_join, curr_join->group_list); count_field_types(select_lex, &curr_join->tmp_table_param, *curr_all_fields, 0); } if (procedure) count_field_types(select_lex, &curr_join->tmp_table_param, *curr_all_fields, 0); if (curr_join->group || curr_join->implicit_grouping || curr_join->tmp_table_param.sum_func_count || (procedure && (procedure->flags & PROC_GROUP))) { if (make_group_fields(this, curr_join)) { DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } if (!items3) { if (!items0) init_items_ref_array(); items3= ref_pointer_array + (all_fields.elements*4); setup_copy_fields(thd, &curr_join->tmp_table_param, items3, tmp_fields_list3, tmp_all_fields3, curr_fields_list->elements, *curr_all_fields); tmp_table_param.save_copy_funcs= curr_join->tmp_table_param.copy_funcs; tmp_table_param.save_copy_field= curr_join->tmp_table_param.copy_field; tmp_table_param.save_copy_field_end= curr_join->tmp_table_param.copy_field_end; #ifdef HAVE_valgrind if (curr_join != this) #endif { curr_join->tmp_all_fields3= tmp_all_fields3; curr_join->tmp_fields_list3= tmp_fields_list3; } } else { curr_join->tmp_table_param.copy_funcs= tmp_table_param.save_copy_funcs; curr_join->tmp_table_param.copy_field= tmp_table_param.save_copy_field; curr_join->tmp_table_param.copy_field_end= tmp_table_param.save_copy_field_end; } curr_fields_list= &tmp_fields_list3; curr_all_fields= &tmp_all_fields3; curr_join->set_items_ref_array(items3); if (curr_join->make_sum_func_list(*curr_all_fields, *curr_fields_list, 1, TRUE) || prepare_sum_aggregators(curr_join->sum_funcs, !curr_join->join_tab || !curr_join->join_tab-> is_using_agg_loose_index_scan()) || setup_sum_funcs(curr_join->thd, curr_join->sum_funcs) || thd->is_fatal_error) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } if (curr_join->group_list || curr_join->order) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("Sorting for send_result_set_metadata")); thd_proc_info(thd, "Sorting result"); /* If we have already done the group, add HAVING to sorted table */ if (curr_join->tmp_having && ! curr_join->group_list && ! curr_join->sort_and_group) { JOIN_TAB *curr_table= &curr_join->join_tab[curr_join->const_tables]; table_map used_tables= (curr_join->const_table_map | curr_table->table->map); Item* sort_table_cond= make_cond_for_table(thd, curr_join->tmp_having, used_tables, (table_map)0, -1, FALSE, FALSE); if (sort_table_cond) { if (!curr_table->select) if (!(curr_table->select= new SQL_SELECT)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; if (!curr_table->select->cond) curr_table->select->cond= sort_table_cond; else { if (!(curr_table->select->cond= new Item_cond_and(curr_table->select->cond, sort_table_cond))) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } if (curr_table->pre_idx_push_select_cond) { if (sort_table_cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) sort_table_cond= sort_table_cond->copy_andor_structure(thd); if (!(curr_table->pre_idx_push_select_cond= new Item_cond_and(curr_table->pre_idx_push_select_cond, sort_table_cond))) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } if (curr_table->select->cond && !curr_table->select->cond->fixed) curr_table->select->cond->fix_fields(thd, 0); if (curr_table->pre_idx_push_select_cond && !curr_table->pre_idx_push_select_cond->fixed) curr_table->pre_idx_push_select_cond->fix_fields(thd, 0); curr_table->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond= curr_table->pre_idx_push_select_cond; curr_table->set_select_cond(curr_table->select->cond, __LINE__); curr_table->select_cond->top_level_item(); DBUG_EXECUTE("where",print_where(curr_table->select->cond, "select and having", QT_ORDINARY);); curr_join->tmp_having= make_cond_for_table(thd, curr_join->tmp_having, ~ (table_map) 0, ~used_tables, -1, FALSE, FALSE); DBUG_EXECUTE("where",print_where(curr_join->tmp_having, "having after sort", QT_ORDINARY);); } } { if (group) curr_join->select_limit= HA_POS_ERROR; else { /* We can abort sorting after thd->select_limit rows if we there is no WHERE clause for any tables after the sorted one. */ JOIN_TAB *curr_table= &curr_join->join_tab[curr_join->const_tables+1]; JOIN_TAB *end_table= &curr_join->join_tab[curr_join->top_join_tab_count]; for (; curr_table < end_table ; curr_table++) { /* table->keyuse is set in the case there was an original WHERE clause on the table that was optimized away. */ if (curr_table->select_cond || (curr_table->keyuse && !curr_table->first_inner)) { /* We have to sort all rows */ curr_join->select_limit= HA_POS_ERROR; break; } } } if (curr_join->join_tab == join_tab && save_join_tab()) { DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /* Here we sort rows for ORDER BY/GROUP BY clause, if the optimiser chose FILESORT to be faster than INDEX SCAN or there is no suitable index present. Note, that create_sort_index calls test_if_skip_sort_order and may finally replace sorting with index scan if there is a LIMIT clause in the query. XXX: it's never shown in EXPLAIN! OPTION_FOUND_ROWS supersedes LIMIT and is taken into account. */ if (create_sort_index(thd, curr_join, curr_join->group_list ? curr_join->group_list : curr_join->order, curr_join->select_limit, (select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS ? HA_POS_ERROR : unit->select_limit_cnt), curr_join->group_list ? TRUE : FALSE)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; sortorder= curr_join->sortorder; if (curr_join->const_tables != curr_join->table_count && !curr_join->join_tab[curr_join->const_tables].table->sort.io_cache) { /* If no IO cache exists for the first table then we are using an INDEX SCAN and no filesort. Thus we should not remove the sorted attribute on the INDEX SCAN. */ skip_sort_order= 1; } } } /* XXX: When can we have here thd->is_error() not zero? */ if (thd->is_error()) { error= thd->is_error(); DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } curr_join->having= curr_join->tmp_having; curr_join->fields= curr_fields_list; curr_join->procedure= procedure; thd_proc_info(thd, "Sending data"); DBUG_PRINT("info", ("%s", thd->proc_info)); result->send_result_set_metadata((procedure ? curr_join->procedure_fields_list : *curr_fields_list), Protocol::SEND_NUM_ROWS | Protocol::SEND_EOF); error= do_select(curr_join, curr_fields_list, NULL, procedure); thd->limit_found_rows= curr_join->send_records; /* Accumulate the counts from all join iterations of all join parts. */ thd->examined_row_count+= curr_join->examined_rows; DBUG_PRINT("counts", ("thd->examined_row_count: %lu", (ulong) thd->examined_row_count)); /* With EXPLAIN EXTENDED we have to restore original ref_array for a derived table which is always materialized. We also need to do this when we have temp table(s). Otherwise we would not be able to print the query correctly. */ if (items0 && (thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED) && (select_lex->linkage == DERIVED_TABLE_TYPE || exec_tmp_table1 || exec_tmp_table2)) set_items_ref_array(items0); DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /** Clean up join. @return Return error that hold JOIN. */ int JOIN::destroy() { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::destroy"); select_lex->join= 0; if (tmp_join) { if (join_tab != tmp_join->join_tab) { for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_linear_tab(this, WITH_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(this, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { tab->cleanup(); } } tmp_join->tmp_join= 0; /* We need to clean up tmp_table_param for reusable JOINs (having non-zero and different from self tmp_join) because it's not being cleaned up anywhere else (as we need to keep the join is reusable). */ tmp_table_param.cleanup(); tmp_join->tmp_table_param.copy_field= 0; DBUG_RETURN(tmp_join->destroy()); } cond_equal= 0; having_equal= 0; cleanup(1); /* Cleanup items referencing temporary table columns */ cleanup_item_list(tmp_all_fields1); cleanup_item_list(tmp_all_fields3); if (exec_tmp_table1) free_tmp_table(thd, exec_tmp_table1); if (exec_tmp_table2) free_tmp_table(thd, exec_tmp_table2); delete select; destroy_sj_tmp_tables(this); delete_dynamic(&keyuse); delete procedure; DBUG_RETURN(error); } void JOIN::cleanup_item_list(List &items) const { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::cleanup_item_list"); if (!items.is_empty()) { List_iterator_fast it(items); Item *item; while ((item= it++)) item->cleanup(); } DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /** An entry point to single-unit select (a select without UNION). @param thd thread handler @param rref_pointer_array a reference to ref_pointer_array of the top-level select_lex for this query @param tables list of all tables used in this query. The tables have been pre-opened. @param wild_num number of wildcards used in the top level select of this query. For example statement SELECT *, t1.*, catalog.t2.* FROM t0, t1, t2; has 3 wildcards. @param fields list of items in SELECT list of the top-level select e.g. SELECT a, b, c FROM t1 will have Item_field for a, b and c in this list. @param conds top level item of an expression representing WHERE clause of the top level select @param og_num total number of ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses arguments @param order linked list of ORDER BY agruments @param group linked list of GROUP BY arguments @param having top level item of HAVING expression @param proc_param list of PROCEDUREs @param select_options select options (BIG_RESULT, etc) @param result an instance of result set handling class. This object is responsible for send result set rows to the client or inserting them into a table. @param select_lex the only SELECT_LEX of this query @param unit top-level UNIT of this query UNIT is an artificial object created by the parser for every SELECT clause. e.g. SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a1 IN (SELECT * FROM t2) has 2 unions. @retval FALSE success @retval TRUE an error */ bool mysql_select(THD *thd, Item ***rref_pointer_array, TABLE_LIST *tables, uint wild_num, List &fields, COND *conds, uint og_num, ORDER *order, ORDER *group, Item *having, ORDER *proc_param, ulonglong select_options, select_result *result, SELECT_LEX_UNIT *unit, SELECT_LEX *select_lex) { bool err; bool free_join= 1; DBUG_ENTER("mysql_select"); select_lex->context.resolve_in_select_list= TRUE; JOIN *join; if (select_lex->join != 0) { join= select_lex->join; /* is it single SELECT in derived table, called in derived table creation */ if (select_lex->linkage != DERIVED_TABLE_TYPE || (select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)) { if (select_lex->linkage != GLOBAL_OPTIONS_TYPE) { //here is EXPLAIN of subselect or derived table if (join->change_result(result)) { DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } /* Original join tabs might be overwritten at first subselect execution. So we need to restore them. */ Item_subselect *subselect= select_lex->master_unit()->item; if (subselect && subselect->is_uncacheable() && join->reinit()) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } else { if ((err= join->prepare(rref_pointer_array, tables, wild_num, conds, og_num, order, group, having, proc_param, select_lex, unit))) { goto err; } } } free_join= 0; join->select_options= select_options; } else { /* When in EXPLAIN, delay deleting the joins so that they are still available when we're producing EXPLAIN EXTENDED warning text. */ if (select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) free_join= 0; if (!(join= new JOIN(thd, fields, select_options, result))) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); thd_proc_info(thd, "init"); thd->lex->used_tables=0; if ((err= join->prepare(rref_pointer_array, tables, wild_num, conds, og_num, order, group, having, proc_param, select_lex, unit))) { goto err; } } if ((err= join->optimize())) { goto err; // 1 } if (thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED) { join->conds_history= join->conds; join->having_history= (join->having?join->having:join->tmp_having); } if (thd->is_error()) goto err; join->exec(); if (thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED) { select_lex->where= join->conds_history; select_lex->having= join->having_history; } err: if (free_join) { thd_proc_info(thd, "end"); err|= select_lex->cleanup(); DBUG_RETURN(err || thd->is_error()); } DBUG_RETURN(join->error); } /***************************************************************************** Create JOIN_TABS, make a guess about the table types, Approximate how many records will be used in each table *****************************************************************************/ static ha_rows get_quick_record_count(THD *thd, SQL_SELECT *select, TABLE *table, const key_map *keys,ha_rows limit) { int error; DBUG_ENTER("get_quick_record_count"); uchar buff[STACK_BUFF_ALLOC]; if (check_stack_overrun(thd, STACK_MIN_SIZE, buff)) DBUG_RETURN(0); // Fatal error flag is set if (select) { select->head=table; table->reginfo.impossible_range=0; if ((error= select->test_quick_select(thd, *(key_map *)keys,(table_map) 0, limit, 0, FALSE)) == 1) DBUG_RETURN(select->quick->records); if (error == -1) { table->reginfo.impossible_range=1; DBUG_RETURN(0); } DBUG_PRINT("warning",("Couldn't use record count on const keypart")); } DBUG_RETURN(HA_POS_ERROR); /* This shouldn't happend */ } /* This structure is used to collect info on potentially sargable predicates in order to check whether they become sargable after reading const tables. We form a bitmap of indexes that can be used for sargable predicates. Only such indexes are involved in range analysis. */ typedef struct st_sargable_param { Field *field; /* field against which to check sargability */ Item **arg_value; /* values of potential keys for lookups */ uint num_values; /* number of values in the above array */ } SARGABLE_PARAM; /** Calculate the best possible join and initialize the join structure. @retval 0 ok @retval 1 Fatal error */ static bool make_join_statistics(JOIN *join, List &tables_list, COND *conds, DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse_array) { int error= 0; TABLE *table; uint i,table_count,const_count,key; table_map found_const_table_map, all_table_map, found_ref, refs; key_map const_ref, eq_part; bool has_expensive_keyparts; TABLE **table_vector; JOIN_TAB *stat,*stat_end,*s,**stat_ref, **stat_vector; KEYUSE *keyuse,*start_keyuse; table_map outer_join=0; table_map no_rows_const_tables= 0; SARGABLE_PARAM *sargables= 0; List_iterator ti(tables_list); TABLE_LIST *tables; DBUG_ENTER("make_join_statistics"); LINT_INIT(table); /* inited in all loops */ table_count=join->table_count; stat=(JOIN_TAB*) join->thd->calloc(sizeof(JOIN_TAB)*(table_count)); stat_ref=(JOIN_TAB**) join->thd->alloc(sizeof(JOIN_TAB*)* (MAX_TABLES + table_count + 1)); stat_vector= stat_ref + MAX_TABLES; table_vector=(TABLE**) join->thd->alloc(sizeof(TABLE*)*(table_count*2)); join->positions= new (join->thd->mem_root) POSITION[(table_count+1)]; /* best_positions is ok to allocate with alloc() as we copy things to it with memcpy() */ join->best_positions= (POSITION*) join->thd->alloc(sizeof(POSITION)* (table_count +1)); if (join->thd->is_fatal_error) DBUG_RETURN(1); // Eom /* purecov: inspected */ join->best_ref=stat_vector; stat_end=stat+table_count; found_const_table_map= all_table_map=0; const_count=0; for (s= stat, i= 0; (tables= ti++); s++, i++) { TABLE_LIST *embedding= tables->embedding; stat_vector[i]=s; s->keys.init(); s->const_keys.init(); s->checked_keys.init(); s->needed_reg.init(); table_vector[i]=s->table=table=tables->table; table->pos_in_table_list= tables; error= tables->fetch_number_of_rows(); #ifdef WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE const bool no_partitions_used= table->no_partitions_used; #else const bool no_partitions_used= FALSE; #endif DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("bug11747970_raise_error", { if (!error) { my_error(ER_UNKNOWN_ERROR, MYF(0)); goto error; } }); if (error) { table->file->print_error(error, MYF(0)); goto error; } table->quick_keys.clear_all(); table->intersect_keys.clear_all(); table->reginfo.join_tab=s; table->reginfo.not_exists_optimize=0; bzero((char*) table->const_key_parts, sizeof(key_part_map)*table->s->keys); all_table_map|= table->map; s->preread_init_done= FALSE; s->join=join; s->dependent= tables->dep_tables; if (tables->schema_table) table->file->stats.records= 2; table->quick_condition_rows= table->file->stats.records; s->on_expr_ref= &tables->on_expr; if (*s->on_expr_ref) { /* s is the only inner table of an outer join */ if (!table->is_filled_at_execution() && ((!table->file->stats.records && (table->file->ha_table_flags() & HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT)) || no_partitions_used) && !embedding) { // Empty table s->dependent= 0; // Ignore LEFT JOIN depend. no_rows_const_tables |= table->map; set_position(join,const_count++,s,(KEYUSE*) 0); continue; } outer_join|= table->map; s->embedding_map= 0; for (;embedding; embedding= embedding->embedding) s->embedding_map|= embedding->nested_join->nj_map; continue; } if (embedding) { /* s belongs to a nested join, maybe to several embedded joins */ s->embedding_map= 0; bool inside_an_outer_join= FALSE; do { /* If this is a semi-join nest, skip it, and proceed upwards. Maybe we're in some outer join nest */ if (embedding->sj_on_expr) { embedding= embedding->embedding; continue; } inside_an_outer_join= TRUE; NESTED_JOIN *nested_join= embedding->nested_join; s->embedding_map|=nested_join->nj_map; s->dependent|= embedding->dep_tables; embedding= embedding->embedding; outer_join|= nested_join->used_tables; } while (embedding); if (inside_an_outer_join) continue; } if (!table->is_filled_at_execution() && (table->s->system || (table->file->stats.records <= 1 && (table->file->ha_table_flags() & HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT)) || no_partitions_used) && !s->dependent && !table->fulltext_searched && !join->no_const_tables) { set_position(join,const_count++,s,(KEYUSE*) 0); no_rows_const_tables |= table->map; } /* SJ-Materialization handling: */ if (table->pos_in_table_list->jtbm_subselect && table->pos_in_table_list->jtbm_subselect->is_jtbm_const_tab) { set_position(join,const_count++,s,(KEYUSE*) 0); no_rows_const_tables |= table->map; } } stat_vector[i]=0; join->outer_join=outer_join; if (join->outer_join) { /* Build transitive closure for relation 'to be dependent on'. This will speed up the plan search for many cases with outer joins, as well as allow us to catch illegal cross references/ Warshall's algorithm is used to build the transitive closure. As we use bitmaps to represent the relation the complexity of the algorithm is O((number of tables)^2). The classic form of the Warshall's algorithm would look like: for (i= 0; i < table_count; i++) { for (j= 0; j < table_count; j++) { for (k= 0; k < table_count; k++) { if (bitmap_is_set(stat[j].dependent, i) && bitmap_is_set(stat[i].dependent, k)) bitmap_set_bit(stat[j].dependent, k); } } } */ for (s= stat ; s < stat_end ; s++) { table= s->table; for (JOIN_TAB *t= stat ; t < stat_end ; t++) { if (t->dependent & table->map) t->dependent |= table->reginfo.join_tab->dependent; } if (outer_join & s->table->map) s->table->maybe_null= 1; } /* Catch illegal cross references for outer joins */ for (i= 0, s= stat ; i < table_count ; i++, s++) { if (s->dependent & s->table->map) { join->table_count=0; // Don't use join->table my_message(ER_WRONG_OUTER_JOIN, ER(ER_WRONG_OUTER_JOIN), MYF(0)); goto error; } s->key_dependent= s->dependent; } } if (conds || outer_join) { if (update_ref_and_keys(join->thd, keyuse_array, stat, join->table_count, conds, ~outer_join, join->select_lex, &sargables)) goto error; /* Keyparts without prefixes may be useful if this JOIN is a subquery, and if the subquery may be executed via the IN-EXISTS strategy. */ bool skip_unprefixed_keyparts= !(join->is_in_subquery() && ((Item_in_subselect*)join->unit->item)->test_strategy(SUBS_IN_TO_EXISTS)); if (keyuse_array->elements && sort_and_filter_keyuse(join->thd, keyuse_array, skip_unprefixed_keyparts)) goto error; DBUG_EXECUTE("opt", print_keyuse_array(keyuse_array);); } join->const_table_map= no_rows_const_tables; join->const_tables= const_count; eliminate_tables(join); join->const_table_map &= ~no_rows_const_tables; const_count= join->const_tables; found_const_table_map= join->const_table_map; /* Read tables with 0 or 1 rows (system tables) */ for (POSITION *p_pos=join->positions, *p_end=p_pos+const_count; p_pos < p_end ; p_pos++) { s= p_pos->table; if (! (s->table->map & join->eliminated_tables)) { int tmp; s->type=JT_SYSTEM; join->const_table_map|=s->table->map; if ((tmp=join_read_const_table(s, p_pos))) { if (tmp > 0) goto error; // Fatal error } else { found_const_table_map|= s->table->map; s->table->pos_in_table_list->optimized_away= TRUE; } } } /* loop until no more const tables are found */ int ref_changed; do { more_const_tables_found: ref_changed = 0; found_ref=0; /* We only have to loop from stat_vector + const_count as set_position() will move all const_tables first in stat_vector */ for (JOIN_TAB **pos=stat_vector+const_count ; (s= *pos) ; pos++) { table=s->table; if (table->is_filled_at_execution()) continue; /* If equi-join condition by a key is null rejecting and after a substitution of a const table the key value happens to be null then we can state that there are no matches for this equi-join. */ if ((keyuse= s->keyuse) && *s->on_expr_ref && !s->embedding_map && !(table->map & join->eliminated_tables)) { /* When performing an outer join operation if there are no matching rows for the single row of the outer table all the inner tables are to be null complemented and thus considered as constant tables. Here we apply this consideration to the case of outer join operations with a single inner table only because the case with nested tables would require a more thorough analysis. TODO. Apply single row substitution to null complemented inner tables for nested outer join operations. */ while (keyuse->table == table) { if (!keyuse->is_for_hash_join() && !(keyuse->val->used_tables() & ~join->const_table_map) && keyuse->val->is_null() && keyuse->null_rejecting) { s->type= JT_CONST; mark_as_null_row(table); found_const_table_map|= table->map; join->const_table_map|= table->map; set_position(join,const_count++,s,(KEYUSE*) 0); goto more_const_tables_found; } keyuse++; } } if (s->dependent) // If dependent on some table { // All dep. must be constants if (s->dependent & ~(found_const_table_map)) continue; if (table->file->stats.records <= 1L && (table->file->ha_table_flags() & HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT) && !table->pos_in_table_list->embedding && !((outer_join & table->map) && (*s->on_expr_ref)->is_expensive())) { // system table int tmp= 0; s->type=JT_SYSTEM; join->const_table_map|=table->map; set_position(join,const_count++,s,(KEYUSE*) 0); if ((tmp= join_read_const_table(s, join->positions+const_count-1))) { if (tmp > 0) goto error; // Fatal error } else found_const_table_map|= table->map; continue; } } /* check if table can be read by key or table only uses const refs */ if ((keyuse=s->keyuse)) { s->type= JT_REF; while (keyuse->table == table) { if (keyuse->is_for_hash_join()) { keyuse++; continue; } start_keyuse=keyuse; key=keyuse->key; s->keys.set_bit(key); // TODO: remove this ? refs=0; const_ref.clear_all(); eq_part.clear_all(); has_expensive_keyparts= false; do { if (keyuse->val->type() != Item::NULL_ITEM && !keyuse->optimize) { if (!((~found_const_table_map) & keyuse->used_tables)) { const_ref.set_bit(keyuse->keypart); if (keyuse->val->is_expensive()) has_expensive_keyparts= true; } else refs|=keyuse->used_tables; eq_part.set_bit(keyuse->keypart); } keyuse++; } while (keyuse->table == table && keyuse->key == key); TABLE_LIST *embedding= table->pos_in_table_list->embedding; /* TODO (low priority): currently we ignore the const tables that are within a semi-join nest which is within an outer join nest. The effect of this is that we don't do const substitution for such tables. */ KEY *keyinfo= table->key_info + key; uint key_parts= table->actual_n_key_parts(keyinfo); if (eq_part.is_prefix(key_parts) && !table->fulltext_searched && (!embedding || (embedding->sj_on_expr && !embedding->embedding))) { key_map base_part, base_const_ref, base_eq_part; base_part.set_prefix(keyinfo->key_parts); base_const_ref= const_ref; base_const_ref.intersect(base_part); base_eq_part= eq_part; base_eq_part.intersect(base_part); if (table->actual_key_flags(keyinfo) & HA_NOSAME) { if (base_const_ref == base_eq_part && !has_expensive_keyparts && !((outer_join & table->map) && (*s->on_expr_ref)->is_expensive())) { // Found everything for ref. int tmp; ref_changed = 1; s->type= JT_CONST; join->const_table_map|=table->map; set_position(join,const_count++,s,start_keyuse); if (create_ref_for_key(join, s, start_keyuse, FALSE, found_const_table_map)) goto error; if ((tmp=join_read_const_table(s, join->positions+const_count-1))) { if (tmp > 0) goto error; // Fatal error } else found_const_table_map|= table->map; break; } else found_ref|= refs; // Table is const if all refs are const } else if (base_const_ref == base_eq_part) s->const_keys.set_bit(key); } } } } } while (join->const_table_map & found_ref && ref_changed); /* Update info on indexes that can be used for search lookups as reading const tables may has added new sargable predicates. */ if (const_count && sargables) { for( ; sargables->field ; sargables++) { Field *field= sargables->field; JOIN_TAB *join_tab= field->table->reginfo.join_tab; key_map possible_keys= field->key_start; possible_keys.intersect(field->table->keys_in_use_for_query); bool is_const= 1; for (uint j=0; j < sargables->num_values; j++) is_const&= sargables->arg_value[j]->const_item(); if (is_const) join_tab[0].const_keys.merge(possible_keys); } } /* Calc how many (possible) matched records in each table */ for (s=stat ; s < stat_end ; s++) { s->startup_cost= 0; if (s->type == JT_SYSTEM || s->type == JT_CONST) { /* Only one matching row */ s->found_records= s->records= 1; s->read_time=1.0; s->worst_seeks=1.0; continue; } /* Approximate found rows and time to read them */ if (s->table->is_filled_at_execution()) { get_delayed_table_estimates(s->table, &s->records, &s->read_time, &s->startup_cost); s->found_records= s->records; table->quick_condition_rows=s->records; } else { s->scan_time(); } /* Set a max range of how many seeks we can expect when using keys This is can't be to high as otherwise we are likely to use table scan. */ s->worst_seeks= min((double) s->found_records / 10, (double) s->read_time*3); if (s->worst_seeks < 2.0) // Fix for small tables s->worst_seeks=2.0; /* Add to stat->const_keys those indexes for which all group fields or all select distinct fields participate in one index. */ add_group_and_distinct_keys(join, s); /* Perform range analysis if there are keys it could use (1). Don't do range analysis if we're on the inner side of an outer join (2). Do range analysis if we're on the inner side of a semi-join (3). Don't do range analysis for materialized subqueries (4). Don't do range analysis for materialized derived tables (5) */ if (!s->const_keys.is_clear_all() && // (1) (!s->table->pos_in_table_list->embedding || // (2) (s->table->pos_in_table_list->embedding && // (3) s->table->pos_in_table_list->embedding->sj_on_expr)) && // (3) !s->table->is_filled_at_execution() && // (4) !(s->table->pos_in_table_list->derived && // (5) s->table->pos_in_table_list->is_materialized_derived())) // (5) { ha_rows records; SQL_SELECT *select; select= make_select(s->table, found_const_table_map, found_const_table_map, *s->on_expr_ref ? *s->on_expr_ref : conds, 1, &error); if (!select) goto error; records= get_quick_record_count(join->thd, select, s->table, &s->const_keys, join->row_limit); s->quick=select->quick; s->needed_reg=select->needed_reg; select->quick=0; if (records == 0 && s->table->reginfo.impossible_range) { /* Impossible WHERE or ON expression In case of ON, we mark that the we match one empty NULL row. In case of WHERE, don't set found_const_table_map to get the caller to abort with a zero row result. */ join->const_table_map|= s->table->map; set_position(join,const_count++,s,(KEYUSE*) 0); s->type= JT_CONST; if (*s->on_expr_ref) { /* Generate empty row */ s->info= "Impossible ON condition"; found_const_table_map|= s->table->map; s->type= JT_CONST; mark_as_null_row(s->table); // All fields are NULL } } if (records != HA_POS_ERROR) { s->found_records=records; s->read_time= s->quick ? s->quick->read_time : 0.0; } delete select; } } if (pull_out_semijoin_tables(join)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); join->join_tab=stat; join->top_join_tab_count= table_count; join->map2table=stat_ref; join->table= table_vector; join->const_tables=const_count; join->found_const_table_map=found_const_table_map; if (join->const_tables != join->table_count) optimize_keyuse(join, keyuse_array); if (optimize_semijoin_nests(join, all_table_map)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); /* purecov: inspected */ { ha_rows records= 1; SELECT_LEX_UNIT *unit= join->select_lex->master_unit(); /* Find an optimal join order of the non-constant tables. */ if (join->const_tables != join->table_count) { if (choose_plan(join, all_table_map & ~join->const_table_map)) goto error; } else { memcpy((uchar*) join->best_positions,(uchar*) join->positions, sizeof(POSITION)*join->const_tables); join->record_count= 1.0; join->best_read=1.0; } if (!(join->select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) && unit->derived && unit->derived->is_materialized_derived()) { /* Calculate estimated number of rows for materialized derived table/view. */ for (i= 0; i < join->table_count ; i++) records*= join->best_positions[i].records_read ? (ha_rows)join->best_positions[i].records_read : 1; set_if_smaller(records, unit->select_limit_cnt); join->select_lex->increase_derived_records(records); } } if (join->choose_subquery_plan(all_table_map & ~join->const_table_map)) goto error; DEBUG_SYNC(join->thd, "inside_make_join_statistics"); /* Generate an execution plan from the found optimal join order. */ DBUG_RETURN(join->thd->killed || get_best_combination(join)); error: /* Need to clean up join_tab from TABLEs in case of error. They won't get cleaned up by JOIN::cleanup() because JOIN::join_tab may not be assigned yet by this function (which is building join_tab). Dangling TABLE::reginfo.join_tab may cause part_of_refkey to choke. */ { TABLE_LIST *table; List_iterator ti(tables_list); while ((table= ti++)) table->table->reginfo.join_tab= NULL; } DBUG_RETURN (1); } /***************************************************************************** Check with keys are used and with tables references with tables Updates in stat: keys Bitmap of all used keys const_keys Bitmap of all keys with may be used with quick_select keyuse Pointer to possible keys *****************************************************************************/ /// Used when finding key fields typedef struct key_field_t { Field *field; Item *val; ///< May be empty if diff constant uint level; uint optimize; bool eq_func; /** If true, the condition this struct represents will not be satisfied when val IS NULL. */ bool null_rejecting; bool *cond_guard; /* See KEYUSE::cond_guard */ uint sj_pred_no; /* See KEYUSE::sj_pred_no */ } KEY_FIELD; /** Merge new key definitions to old ones, remove those not used in both. This is called for OR between different levels. That is, the function operates on an array of KEY_FIELD elements which has two parts: $LEFT_PART $RIGHT_PART +-----------------------+-----------------------+ start new_fields end $LEFT_PART and $RIGHT_PART are arrays that have KEY_FIELD elements for two parts of the OR condition. Our task is to produce an array of KEY_FIELD elements that would correspond to "$LEFT_PART OR $RIGHT_PART". The rules for combining elements are as follows: (keyfieldA1 AND keyfieldA2 AND ...) OR (keyfieldB1 AND keyfieldB2 AND ...)= = AND_ij (keyfieldA_i OR keyfieldB_j) We discard all (keyfieldA_i OR keyfieldB_j) that refer to different fields. For those referring to the same field, the logic is as follows: t.keycol=expr1 OR t.keycol=expr2 -> (since expr1 and expr2 are different we can't produce a single equality, so produce nothing) t.keycol=expr1 OR t.keycol=expr1 -> t.keycol=expr1 t.keycol=expr1 OR t.keycol IS NULL -> t.keycol=expr1, and also set KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL flag The last one is for ref_or_null access. We have handling for this special because it's needed for evaluating IN subqueries that are internally transformed into @code EXISTS(SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.key=outer_ref_field or t1.key IS NULL) @endcode See add_key_fields() for discussion of what is and_level. KEY_FIELD::null_rejecting is processed as follows: @n result has null_rejecting=true if it is set for both ORed references. for example: - (t2.key = t1.field OR t2.key = t1.field) -> null_rejecting=true - (t2.key = t1.field OR t2.key <=> t1.field) -> null_rejecting=false @todo The result of this is that we're missing some 'ref' accesses. OptimizerTeam: Fix this */ static KEY_FIELD * merge_key_fields(KEY_FIELD *start,KEY_FIELD *new_fields,KEY_FIELD *end, uint and_level) { if (start == new_fields) return start; // Impossible or if (new_fields == end) return start; // No new fields, skip all KEY_FIELD *first_free=new_fields; /* Mark all found fields in old array */ for (; new_fields != end ; new_fields++) { for (KEY_FIELD *old=start ; old != first_free ; old++) { if (old->field == new_fields->field) { /* NOTE: below const_item() call really works as "!used_tables()", i.e. it can return FALSE where it is feasible to make it return TRUE. The cause is as follows: Some of the tables are already known to be const tables (the detection code is in make_join_statistics(), above the update_ref_and_keys() call), but we didn't propagate information about this: TABLE::const_table is not set to TRUE, and Item::update_used_tables() hasn't been called for each item. The result of this is that we're missing some 'ref' accesses. TODO: OptimizerTeam: Fix this */ if (!new_fields->val->const_item()) { /* If the value matches, we can use the key reference. If not, we keep it until we have examined all new values */ if (old->val->eq(new_fields->val, old->field->binary())) { old->level= and_level; old->optimize= ((old->optimize & new_fields->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_EXISTS) | ((old->optimize | new_fields->optimize) & KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL)); old->null_rejecting= (old->null_rejecting && new_fields->null_rejecting); } } else if (old->eq_func && new_fields->eq_func && old->val->eq_by_collation(new_fields->val, old->field->binary(), old->field->charset())) { old->level= and_level; old->optimize= ((old->optimize & new_fields->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_EXISTS) | ((old->optimize | new_fields->optimize) & KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL)); old->null_rejecting= (old->null_rejecting && new_fields->null_rejecting); } else if (old->eq_func && new_fields->eq_func && ((old->val->const_item() && !old->val->is_expensive() && old->val->is_null()) || (!new_fields->val->is_expensive() && new_fields->val->is_null()))) { /* field = expression OR field IS NULL */ old->level= and_level; if (old->field->maybe_null()) { old->optimize= KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL; /* The referred expression can be NULL: */ old->null_rejecting= 0; } /* Remember the NOT NULL value unless the value does not depend on other tables. */ if (!old->val->used_tables() && !old->val->is_expensive() && old->val->is_null()) old->val= new_fields->val; } else { /* We are comparing two different const. In this case we can't use a key-lookup on this so it's better to remove the value and let the range optimzier handle it */ if (old == --first_free) // If last item break; *old= *first_free; // Remove old value old--; // Retry this value } } } } /* Remove all not used items */ for (KEY_FIELD *old=start ; old != first_free ;) { if (old->level != and_level) { // Not used in all levels if (old == --first_free) break; *old= *first_free; // Remove old value continue; } old++; } return first_free; } /* Given a field, return its index in semi-join's select list, or UINT_MAX DESCRIPTION Given a field, we find its table; then see if the table is within a semi-join nest and if the field was in select list of the subselect. If it was, we return field's index in the select list. The value is used by LooseScan strategy. */ static uint get_semi_join_select_list_index(Field *field) { uint res= UINT_MAX; TABLE_LIST *emb_sj_nest; if ((emb_sj_nest= field->table->pos_in_table_list->embedding) && emb_sj_nest->sj_on_expr) { Item_in_subselect *subq_pred= emb_sj_nest->sj_subq_pred; st_select_lex *subq_lex= subq_pred->unit->first_select(); if (subq_pred->left_expr->cols() == 1) { Item *sel_item= subq_lex->ref_pointer_array[0]; if (sel_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && ((Item_field*)sel_item)->field->eq(field)) { res= 0; } } else { for (uint i= 0; i < subq_pred->left_expr->cols(); i++) { Item *sel_item= subq_lex->ref_pointer_array[i]; if (sel_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && ((Item_field*)sel_item)->field->eq(field)) { res= i; break; } } } } return res; } /** Add a possible key to array of possible keys if it's usable as a key @param key_fields Pointer to add key, if usable @param and_level And level, to be stored in KEY_FIELD @param cond Condition predicate @param field Field used in comparision @param eq_func True if we used =, <=> or IS NULL @param value Value used for comparison with field @param num_values Number of values[] that we are comparing against @param usable_tables Tables which can be used for key optimization @param sargables IN/OUT Array of found sargable candidates @note If we are doing a NOT NULL comparison on a NOT NULL field in a outer join table, we store this to be able to do not exists optimization later. @returns *key_fields is incremented if we stored a key in the array */ static void add_key_field(JOIN *join, KEY_FIELD **key_fields,uint and_level, Item_func *cond, Field *field, bool eq_func, Item **value, uint num_values, table_map usable_tables, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables) { uint optimize= 0; if (eq_func && ((join->is_allowed_hash_join_access() && field->hash_join_is_possible() && !(field->table->pos_in_table_list->is_materialized_derived() && field->table->created)) || (field->table->pos_in_table_list->is_materialized_derived() && !field->table->created && !(field->flags & BLOB_FLAG)))) { optimize= KEY_OPTIMIZE_EQ; } else if (!(field->flags & PART_KEY_FLAG)) { // Don't remove column IS NULL on a LEFT JOIN table if (!eq_func || (*value)->type() != Item::NULL_ITEM || !field->table->maybe_null || field->null_ptr) return; // Not a key. Skip it optimize= KEY_OPTIMIZE_EXISTS; DBUG_ASSERT(num_values == 1); } if (optimize != KEY_OPTIMIZE_EXISTS) { table_map used_tables=0; bool optimizable=0; for (uint i=0; iused_tables(); if (!((value[i])->used_tables() & (field->table->map | RAND_TABLE_BIT))) optimizable=1; } if (!optimizable) return; if (!(usable_tables & field->table->map)) { if (!eq_func || (*value)->type() != Item::NULL_ITEM || !field->table->maybe_null || field->null_ptr) return; // Can't use left join optimize optimize= KEY_OPTIMIZE_EXISTS; } else { JOIN_TAB *stat=field->table->reginfo.join_tab; key_map possible_keys=field->get_possible_keys(); possible_keys.intersect(field->table->keys_in_use_for_query); stat[0].keys.merge(possible_keys); // Add possible keys /* Save the following cases: Field op constant Field LIKE constant where constant doesn't start with a wildcard Field = field2 where field2 is in a different table Field op formula Field IS NULL Field IS NOT NULL Field BETWEEN ... Field IN ... */ if (field->flags & PART_KEY_FLAG) stat[0].key_dependent|=used_tables; bool is_const=1; for (uint i=0; iconst_item())) break; } if (is_const) stat[0].const_keys.merge(possible_keys); else if (!eq_func) { /* Save info to be able check whether this predicate can be considered as sargable for range analisis after reading const tables. We do not save info about equalities as update_const_equal_items will take care of updating info on keys from sargable equalities. */ (*sargables)--; (*sargables)->field= field; (*sargables)->arg_value= value; (*sargables)->num_values= num_values; } if (!eq_func) // eq_func is NEVER true when num_values > 1 return; /* We can't use indexes when comparing a string index to a number or two strings if the effective collation of the operation differ from the field collation. */ if (field->cmp_type() == STRING_RESULT) { if ((*value)->cmp_type() != STRING_RESULT) return; if (((Field_str*)field)->charset() != cond->compare_collation()) return; } } } /* For the moment eq_func is always true. This slot is reserved for future extensions where we want to remembers other things than just eq comparisons */ DBUG_ASSERT(eq_func); /* Store possible eq field */ (*key_fields)->field= field; (*key_fields)->eq_func= eq_func; (*key_fields)->val= *value; (*key_fields)->level= and_level; (*key_fields)->optimize= optimize; /* If the condition has form "tbl.keypart = othertbl.field" and othertbl.field can be NULL, there will be no matches if othertbl.field has NULL value. We use null_rejecting in add_not_null_conds() to add 'othertbl.field IS NOT NULL' to tab->select_cond. */ { Item *real= (*value)->real_item(); if (((cond->functype() == Item_func::EQ_FUNC) || (cond->functype() == Item_func::MULT_EQUAL_FUNC)) && (real->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) && ((Item_field*)real)->field->maybe_null()) (*key_fields)->null_rejecting= true; else (*key_fields)->null_rejecting= false; } (*key_fields)->cond_guard= NULL; (*key_fields)->sj_pred_no= get_semi_join_select_list_index(field); (*key_fields)++; } /** Add possible keys to array of possible keys originated from a simple predicate. @param key_fields Pointer to add key, if usable @param and_level And level, to be stored in KEY_FIELD @param cond Condition predicate @param field Field used in comparision @param eq_func True if we used =, <=> or IS NULL @param value Value used for comparison with field Is NULL for BETWEEN and IN @param usable_tables Tables which can be used for key optimization @param sargables IN/OUT Array of found sargable candidates @note If field items f1 and f2 belong to the same multiple equality and a key is added for f1, the the same key is added for f2. @returns *key_fields is incremented if we stored a key in the array */ static void add_key_equal_fields(JOIN *join, KEY_FIELD **key_fields, uint and_level, Item_func *cond, Item *field_item, bool eq_func, Item **val, uint num_values, table_map usable_tables, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables) { Field *field= ((Item_field *) (field_item->real_item()))->field; add_key_field(join, key_fields, and_level, cond, field, eq_func, val, num_values, usable_tables, sargables); Item_equal *item_equal= field_item->get_item_equal(); if (item_equal) { /* Add to the set of possible key values every substitution of the field for an equal field included into item_equal */ Item_equal_fields_iterator it(*item_equal); while (it++) { Field *equal_field= it.get_curr_field(); if (!field->eq(equal_field)) { add_key_field(join, key_fields, and_level, cond, equal_field, eq_func, val, num_values, usable_tables, sargables); } } } } /** Check if an expression is a non-outer field. Checks if an expression is a field and belongs to the current select. @param field Item expression to check @return boolean @retval TRUE the expression is a local field @retval FALSE it's something else */ static bool is_local_field (Item *field) { return field->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && !(field->used_tables() & OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT) && !((Item_field *)field->real_item())->get_depended_from(); } /* In this and other functions, and_level is a number that is ever-growing and is different for the contents of every AND or OR clause. For example, when processing clause (a AND b AND c) OR (x AND y) we'll have * KEY_FIELD elements for (a AND b AND c) are assigned and_level=1 * KEY_FIELD elements for (x AND y) are assigned and_level=2 * OR operation is performed, and whatever elements are left after it are assigned and_level=3. The primary reason for having and_level attribute is the OR operation which uses and_level to mark KEY_FIELDs that should get into the result of the OR operation */ static void add_key_fields(JOIN *join, KEY_FIELD **key_fields, uint *and_level, COND *cond, table_map usable_tables, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables) { if (cond->type() == Item_func::COND_ITEM) { List_iterator_fast li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); KEY_FIELD *org_key_fields= *key_fields; if (((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC) { Item *item; while ((item=li++)) add_key_fields(join, key_fields, and_level, item, usable_tables, sargables); for (; org_key_fields != *key_fields ; org_key_fields++) org_key_fields->level= *and_level; } else { (*and_level)++; add_key_fields(join, key_fields, and_level, li++, usable_tables, sargables); Item *item; while ((item=li++)) { KEY_FIELD *start_key_fields= *key_fields; (*and_level)++; add_key_fields(join, key_fields, and_level, item, usable_tables, sargables); *key_fields=merge_key_fields(org_key_fields,start_key_fields, *key_fields,++(*and_level)); } } return; } /* Subquery optimization: Conditions that are pushed down into subqueries are wrapped into Item_func_trig_cond. We process the wrapped condition but need to set cond_guard for KEYUSE elements generated from it. */ { if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_func*)cond)->functype() == Item_func::TRIG_COND_FUNC) { Item *cond_arg= ((Item_func*)cond)->arguments()[0]; if (!join->group_list && !join->order && join->unit->item && join->unit->item->substype() == Item_subselect::IN_SUBS && !join->unit->is_union()) { KEY_FIELD *save= *key_fields; add_key_fields(join, key_fields, and_level, cond_arg, usable_tables, sargables); // Indicate that this ref access candidate is for subquery lookup: for (; save != *key_fields; save++) save->cond_guard= ((Item_func_trig_cond*)cond)->get_trig_var(); } return; } } /* If item is of type 'field op field/constant' add it to key_fields */ if (cond->type() != Item::FUNC_ITEM) return; Item_func *cond_func= (Item_func*) cond; switch (cond_func->select_optimize()) { case Item_func::OPTIMIZE_NONE: break; case Item_func::OPTIMIZE_KEY: { Item **values; /* Build list of possible keys for 'a BETWEEN low AND high'. It is handled similar to the equivalent condition 'a >= low AND a <= high': */ if (cond_func->functype() == Item_func::BETWEEN) { Item_field *field_item; bool equal_func= FALSE; uint num_values= 2; values= cond_func->arguments(); bool binary_cmp= (values[0]->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) ? ((Item_field*)values[0]->real_item())->field->binary() : TRUE; /* Additional optimization: If 'low = high': Handle as if the condition was "t.key = low". */ if (!((Item_func_between*)cond_func)->negated && values[1]->eq(values[2], binary_cmp)) { equal_func= TRUE; num_values= 1; } /* Append keys for 'field value[]' if the condition is of the form:: ' BETWEEN value[1] AND value[2]' */ if (is_local_field(values[0])) { field_item= (Item_field *) (values[0]->real_item()); add_key_equal_fields(join, key_fields, *and_level, cond_func, field_item, equal_func, &values[1], num_values, usable_tables, sargables); } /* Append keys for 'value[0] field' if the condition is of the form: 'value[0] BETWEEN field1 AND field2' */ for (uint i= 1; i <= num_values; i++) { if (is_local_field(values[i])) { field_item= (Item_field *) (values[i]->real_item()); add_key_equal_fields(join, key_fields, *and_level, cond_func, field_item, equal_func, values, 1, usable_tables, sargables); } } } // if ( ... Item_func::BETWEEN) // IN, NE else if (is_local_field (cond_func->key_item()) && !(cond_func->used_tables() & OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT)) { values= cond_func->arguments()+1; if (cond_func->functype() == Item_func::NE_FUNC && is_local_field (cond_func->arguments()[1])) values--; DBUG_ASSERT(cond_func->functype() != Item_func::IN_FUNC || cond_func->argument_count() != 2); add_key_equal_fields(join, key_fields, *and_level, cond_func, (Item_field*) (cond_func->key_item()->real_item()), 0, values, cond_func->argument_count()-1, usable_tables, sargables); } break; } case Item_func::OPTIMIZE_OP: { bool equal_func=(cond_func->functype() == Item_func::EQ_FUNC || cond_func->functype() == Item_func::EQUAL_FUNC); if (is_local_field (cond_func->arguments()[0])) { add_key_equal_fields(join, key_fields, *and_level, cond_func, (Item_field*) (cond_func->arguments()[0])-> real_item(), equal_func, cond_func->arguments()+1, 1, usable_tables, sargables); } if (is_local_field (cond_func->arguments()[1]) && cond_func->functype() != Item_func::LIKE_FUNC) { add_key_equal_fields(join, key_fields, *and_level, cond_func, (Item_field*) (cond_func->arguments()[1])-> real_item(), equal_func, cond_func->arguments(),1,usable_tables, sargables); } break; } case Item_func::OPTIMIZE_NULL: /* column_name IS [NOT] NULL */ if (is_local_field (cond_func->arguments()[0]) && !(cond_func->used_tables() & OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT)) { Item *tmp=new Item_null; if (unlikely(!tmp)) // Should never be true return; add_key_equal_fields(join, key_fields, *and_level, cond_func, (Item_field*) (cond_func->arguments()[0])-> real_item(), cond_func->functype() == Item_func::ISNULL_FUNC, &tmp, 1, usable_tables, sargables); } break; case Item_func::OPTIMIZE_EQUAL: Item_equal *item_equal= (Item_equal *) cond; Item *const_item= item_equal->get_const(); Item_equal_fields_iterator it(*item_equal); if (const_item) { /* For each field field1 from item_equal consider the equality field1=const_item as a condition allowing an index access of the table with field1 by the keys value of field1. */ while (it++) { Field *equal_field= it.get_curr_field(); add_key_field(join, key_fields, *and_level, cond_func, equal_field, TRUE, &const_item, 1, usable_tables, sargables); } } else { /* Consider all pairs of different fields included into item_equal. For each of them (field1, field1) consider the equality field1=field2 as a condition allowing an index access of the table with field1 by the keys value of field2. */ Item_equal_fields_iterator fi(*item_equal); while (fi++) { Field *field= fi.get_curr_field(); Item *item; while ((item= it++)) { Field *equal_field= it.get_curr_field(); if (!field->eq(equal_field)) { add_key_field(join, key_fields, *and_level, cond_func, field, TRUE, &item, 1, usable_tables, sargables); } } it.rewind(); } } break; } } static uint max_part_bit(key_part_map bits) { uint found; for (found=0; bits & 1 ; found++,bits>>=1) ; return found; } /** Add a new keuse to the specified array of KEYUSE objects @param[in,out] keyuse_array array of keyuses to be extended @param[in] key_field info on the key use occurrence @param[in] key key number for the keyse to be added @param[in] part key part for the keyuse to be added @note The function builds a new KEYUSE object for a key use utilizing the info on the left and right parts of the given key use extracted from the structure key_field, the key number and key part for this key use. The built object is added to the dynamic array keyuse_array. @retval 0 the built object is succesfully added @retval 1 otherwise */ static bool add_keyuse(DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse_array, KEY_FIELD *key_field, uint key, uint part) { KEYUSE keyuse; Field *field= key_field->field; keyuse.table= field->table; keyuse.val= key_field->val; keyuse.key= key; if (!is_hash_join_key_no(key)) { keyuse.keypart=part; keyuse.keypart_map= (key_part_map) 1 << part; } else { keyuse.keypart= field->field_index; keyuse.keypart_map= (key_part_map) 0; } keyuse.used_tables= key_field->val->used_tables(); keyuse.optimize= key_field->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL; keyuse.ref_table_rows= 0; keyuse.null_rejecting= key_field->null_rejecting; keyuse.cond_guard= key_field->cond_guard; keyuse.sj_pred_no= key_field->sj_pred_no; return (insert_dynamic(keyuse_array,(uchar*) &keyuse)); } /* Add all keys with uses 'field' for some keypart If field->and_level != and_level then only mark key_part as const_part RETURN 0 - OK 1 - Out of memory. */ static bool add_key_part(DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse_array, KEY_FIELD *key_field) { Field *field=key_field->field; TABLE *form= field->table; if (key_field->eq_func && !(key_field->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_EXISTS)) { for (uint key=0 ; key < form->s->keys ; key++) { if (!(form->keys_in_use_for_query.is_set(key))) continue; if (form->key_info[key].flags & (HA_FULLTEXT | HA_SPATIAL)) continue; // ToDo: ft-keys in non-ft queries. SerG KEY *keyinfo= form->key_info+key; uint key_parts= form->actual_n_key_parts(keyinfo); for (uint part=0 ; part < key_parts ; part++) { if (field->eq(form->key_info[key].key_part[part].field)) { if (add_keyuse(keyuse_array, key_field, key, part)) return TRUE; } } } if (field->hash_join_is_possible() && (key_field->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_EQ) && key_field->val->used_tables()) { /* If a key use is extracted from an equi-join predicate then it is added not only as a key use for every index whose component can be evalusted utilizing this key use, but also as a key use for hash join. Such key uses are marked with a special key number. */ if (add_keyuse(keyuse_array, key_field, get_hash_join_key_no(), 0)) return TRUE; } } return FALSE; } #define FT_KEYPART (MAX_REF_PARTS+10) static bool add_ft_keys(DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse_array, JOIN_TAB *stat,COND *cond,table_map usable_tables) { Item_func_match *cond_func=NULL; if (!cond) return FALSE; if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM) { Item_func *func=(Item_func *)cond; Item_func::Functype functype= func->functype(); if (functype == Item_func::FT_FUNC) cond_func=(Item_func_match *)cond; else if (func->arg_count == 2) { Item *arg0=(Item *)(func->arguments()[0]), *arg1=(Item *)(func->arguments()[1]); if (arg1->const_item() && arg1->cols() == 1 && arg0->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_func *) arg0)->functype() == Item_func::FT_FUNC && ((functype == Item_func::GE_FUNC && arg1->val_real() > 0) || (functype == Item_func::GT_FUNC && arg1->val_real() >=0))) cond_func= (Item_func_match *) arg0; else if (arg0->const_item() && arg0->cols() == 1 && arg1->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_func *) arg1)->functype() == Item_func::FT_FUNC && ((functype == Item_func::LE_FUNC && arg0->val_real() > 0) || (functype == Item_func::LT_FUNC && arg0->val_real() >=0))) cond_func= (Item_func_match *) arg1; } } else if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { List_iterator_fast li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); if (((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC) { Item *item; while ((item=li++)) { if (add_ft_keys(keyuse_array,stat,item,usable_tables)) return TRUE; } } } if (!cond_func || cond_func->key == NO_SUCH_KEY || !(usable_tables & cond_func->table->map)) return FALSE; KEYUSE keyuse; keyuse.table= cond_func->table; keyuse.val = cond_func; keyuse.key = cond_func->key; keyuse.keypart= FT_KEYPART; keyuse.used_tables=cond_func->key_item()->used_tables(); keyuse.optimize= 0; keyuse.keypart_map= 0; keyuse.sj_pred_no= UINT_MAX; return insert_dynamic(keyuse_array,(uchar*) &keyuse); } static int sort_keyuse(KEYUSE *a,KEYUSE *b) { int res; if (a->table->tablenr != b->table->tablenr) return (int) (a->table->tablenr - b->table->tablenr); if (a->key != b->key) return (int) (a->key - b->key); if (a->key == MAX_KEY && b->key == MAX_KEY && a->used_tables != b->used_tables) return (int) ((ulong) a->used_tables - (ulong) b->used_tables); if (a->keypart != b->keypart) return (int) (a->keypart - b->keypart); // Place const values before other ones if ((res= test((a->used_tables & ~OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT)) - test((b->used_tables & ~OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT)))) return res; /* Place rows that are not 'OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL' first */ return (int) ((a->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL) - (b->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL)); } /* Add to KEY_FIELD array all 'ref' access candidates within nested join. This function populates KEY_FIELD array with entries generated from the ON condition of the given nested join, and does the same for nested joins contained within this nested join. @param[in] nested_join_table Nested join pseudo-table to process @param[in,out] end End of the key field array @param[in,out] and_level And-level @param[in,out] sargables Array of found sargable candidates @note We can add accesses to the tables that are direct children of this nested join (1), and are not inner tables w.r.t their neighbours (2). Example for #1 (outer brackets pair denotes nested join this function is invoked for): @code ... LEFT JOIN (t1 LEFT JOIN (t2 ... ) ) ON cond @endcode Example for #2: @code ... LEFT JOIN (t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ) ON cond @endcode In examples 1-2 for condition cond, we can add 'ref' access candidates to t1 only. Example #3: @code ... LEFT JOIN (t1, t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON inner_cond) ON cond @endcode Here we can add 'ref' access candidates for t1 and t2, but not for t3. */ static void add_key_fields_for_nj(JOIN *join, TABLE_LIST *nested_join_table, KEY_FIELD **end, uint *and_level, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables) { List_iterator li(nested_join_table->nested_join->join_list); List_iterator li2(nested_join_table->nested_join->join_list); bool have_another = FALSE; table_map tables= 0; TABLE_LIST *table; DBUG_ASSERT(nested_join_table->nested_join); while ((table= li++) || (have_another && (li=li2, have_another=FALSE, (table= li++)))) { if (table->nested_join) { if (!table->on_expr) { /* It's a semi-join nest. Walk into it as if it wasn't a nest */ have_another= TRUE; li2= li; li= List_iterator(table->nested_join->join_list); } else add_key_fields_for_nj(join, table, end, and_level, sargables); } else if (!table->on_expr) tables |= table->table->map; } if (nested_join_table->on_expr) add_key_fields(join, end, and_level, nested_join_table->on_expr, tables, sargables); } /** Update keyuse array with all possible keys we can use to fetch rows. @param thd @param[out] keyuse Put here ordered array of KEYUSE structures @param join_tab Array in tablenr_order @param tables Number of tables in join @param cond WHERE condition (note that the function analyzes join_tab[i]->on_expr too) @param normal_tables Tables not inner w.r.t some outer join (ones for which we can make ref access based the WHERE clause) @param select_lex current SELECT @param[out] sargables Array of found sargable candidates @retval 0 OK @retval 1 Out of memory. */ static bool update_ref_and_keys(THD *thd, DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse,JOIN_TAB *join_tab, uint tables, COND *cond, table_map normal_tables, SELECT_LEX *select_lex, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables) { uint and_level,i; KEY_FIELD *key_fields, *end, *field; uint sz; uint m= max(select_lex->max_equal_elems,1); /* We use the same piece of memory to store both KEY_FIELD and SARGABLE_PARAM structure. KEY_FIELD values are placed at the beginning this memory while SARGABLE_PARAM values are put at the end. All predicates that are used to fill arrays of KEY_FIELD and SARGABLE_PARAM structures have at most 2 arguments except BETWEEN predicates that have 3 arguments and IN predicates. This any predicate if it's not BETWEEN/IN can be used directly to fill at most 2 array elements, either of KEY_FIELD or SARGABLE_PARAM type. For a BETWEEN predicate 3 elements can be filled as this predicate is considered as saragable with respect to each of its argument. An IN predicate can require at most 1 element as currently it is considered as sargable only for its first argument. Multiple equality can add elements that are filled after substitution of field arguments by equal fields. There can be not more than select_lex->max_equal_elems such substitutions. */ sz= max(sizeof(KEY_FIELD),sizeof(SARGABLE_PARAM))* (((thd->lex->current_select->cond_count+1)*2 + thd->lex->current_select->between_count)*m+1); if (!(key_fields=(KEY_FIELD*) thd->alloc(sz))) return TRUE; /* purecov: inspected */ and_level= 0; field= end= key_fields; *sargables= (SARGABLE_PARAM *) key_fields + (sz - sizeof((*sargables)[0].field))/sizeof(SARGABLE_PARAM); /* set a barrier for the array of SARGABLE_PARAM */ (*sargables)[0].field= 0; if (my_init_dynamic_array(keyuse,sizeof(KEYUSE),20,64)) return TRUE; if (cond) { KEY_FIELD *saved_field= field; add_key_fields(join_tab->join, &end, &and_level, cond, normal_tables, sargables); for (; field != end ; field++) { /* Mark that we can optimize LEFT JOIN */ if (field->val->type() == Item::NULL_ITEM && !field->field->real_maybe_null()) field->field->table->reginfo.not_exists_optimize=1; } field= saved_field; } for (i=0 ; i < tables ; i++) { /* Block the creation of keys for inner tables of outer joins. Here only the outer joins that can not be converted to inner joins are left and all nests that can be eliminated are flattened. In the future when we introduce conditional accesses for inner tables in outer joins these keys will be taken into account as well. */ if (*join_tab[i].on_expr_ref) add_key_fields(join_tab->join, &end, &and_level, *join_tab[i].on_expr_ref, join_tab[i].table->map, sargables); } /* Process ON conditions for the nested joins */ { List_iterator li(*join_tab->join->join_list); TABLE_LIST *table; while ((table= li++)) { if (table->nested_join) add_key_fields_for_nj(join_tab->join, table, &end, &and_level, sargables); } } /* fill keyuse with found key parts */ for ( ; field != end ; field++) { if (add_key_part(keyuse,field)) return TRUE; } if (select_lex->ftfunc_list->elements) { if (add_ft_keys(keyuse,join_tab,cond,normal_tables)) return TRUE; } return FALSE; } /** Sort the array of possible keys and remove the following key parts: - ref if there is a keypart which is a ref and a const. (e.g. if there is a key(a,b) and the clause is a=3 and b=7 and b=t2.d, then we skip the key part corresponding to b=t2.d) - keyparts without previous keyparts (e.g. if there is a key(a,b,c) but only b < 5 (or a=2 and c < 3) is used in the query, we drop the partial key parts from consideration). Special treatment for ft-keys. */ static bool sort_and_filter_keyuse(THD *thd, DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse, bool skip_unprefixed_keyparts) { KEYUSE key_end, *prev, *save_pos, *use; uint found_eq_constant, i; DBUG_ASSERT(keyuse->elements); my_qsort(keyuse->buffer, keyuse->elements, sizeof(KEYUSE), (qsort_cmp) sort_keyuse); bzero((char*) &key_end, sizeof(key_end)); /* Add for easy testing */ if (insert_dynamic(keyuse, (uchar*) &key_end)) return TRUE; if (optimizer_flag(thd, OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_DERIVED_WITH_KEYS)) generate_derived_keys(keyuse); use= save_pos= dynamic_element(keyuse,0,KEYUSE*); prev= &key_end; found_eq_constant= 0; for (i=0 ; i < keyuse->elements-1 ; i++,use++) { if (!use->is_for_hash_join()) { if (!use->used_tables && use->optimize != KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL) use->table->const_key_parts[use->key]|= use->keypart_map; if (use->keypart != FT_KEYPART) { if (use->key == prev->key && use->table == prev->table) { if ((prev->keypart+1 < use->keypart && skip_unprefixed_keyparts) || (prev->keypart == use->keypart && found_eq_constant)) continue; /* remove */ } else if (use->keypart != 0 && skip_unprefixed_keyparts) continue; /* remove - first found must be 0 */ } prev= use; found_eq_constant= !use->used_tables; use->table->reginfo.join_tab->checked_keys.set_bit(use->key); } /* Old gcc used a memcpy(), which is undefined if save_pos==use: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=19410 http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=39480 This also disables a valgrind warning, so better to have the test. */ if (save_pos != use) *save_pos= *use; /* Save ptr to first use */ if (!use->table->reginfo.join_tab->keyuse) use->table->reginfo.join_tab->keyuse= save_pos; save_pos++; } i= (uint) (save_pos-(KEYUSE*) keyuse->buffer); (void) set_dynamic(keyuse,(uchar*) &key_end,i); keyuse->elements= i; return FALSE; } /** Update some values in keyuse for faster choose_plan() loop. */ static void optimize_keyuse(JOIN *join, DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse_array) { KEYUSE *end,*keyuse= dynamic_element(keyuse_array, 0, KEYUSE*); for (end= keyuse+ keyuse_array->elements ; keyuse < end ; keyuse++) { table_map map; /* If we find a ref, assume this table matches a proportional part of this table. For example 100 records matching a table with 5000 records gives 5000/100 = 50 records per key Constant tables are ignored. To avoid bad matches, we don't make ref_table_rows less than 100. */ keyuse->ref_table_rows= ~(ha_rows) 0; // If no ref if (keyuse->used_tables & (map= (keyuse->used_tables & ~join->const_table_map & ~OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT))) { uint n_tables= my_count_bits(map); if (n_tables == 1) // Only one table { Table_map_iterator it(map); int tablenr= it.next_bit(); DBUG_ASSERT(tablenr != Table_map_iterator::BITMAP_END); TABLE *tmp_table=join->table[tablenr]; if (tmp_table) // already created keyuse->ref_table_rows= max(tmp_table->file->stats.records, 100); } } /* Outer reference (external field) is constant for single executing of subquery */ if (keyuse->used_tables == OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT) keyuse->ref_table_rows= 1; } } /** Check for the presence of AGGFN(DISTINCT a) queries that may be subject to loose index scan. Check if the query is a subject to AGGFN(DISTINCT) using loose index scan (QUICK_GROUP_MIN_MAX_SELECT). Optionally (if out_args is supplied) will push the arguments of AGGFN(DISTINCT) to the list @param join the join to check @param[out] out_args list of aggregate function arguments @return does the query qualify for indexed AGGFN(DISTINCT) @retval true it does @retval false AGGFN(DISTINCT) must apply distinct in it. */ bool is_indexed_agg_distinct(JOIN *join, List *out_args) { Item_sum **sum_item_ptr; bool result= false; if (join->table_count != 1 || /* reference more than 1 table */ join->select_distinct || /* or a DISTINCT */ join->select_lex->olap == ROLLUP_TYPE) /* Check (B3) for ROLLUP */ return false; if (join->make_sum_func_list(join->all_fields, join->fields_list, true)) return false; for (sum_item_ptr= join->sum_funcs; *sum_item_ptr; sum_item_ptr++) { Item_sum *sum_item= *sum_item_ptr; Item *expr; /* aggregate is not AGGFN(DISTINCT) or more than 1 argument to it */ switch (sum_item->sum_func()) { case Item_sum::MIN_FUNC: case Item_sum::MAX_FUNC: continue; case Item_sum::COUNT_DISTINCT_FUNC: break; case Item_sum::AVG_DISTINCT_FUNC: case Item_sum::SUM_DISTINCT_FUNC: if (sum_item->get_arg_count() == 1) break; /* fall through */ default: return false; } /* We arrive here for every COUNT(DISTINCT),AVG(DISTINCT) or SUM(DISTINCT). Collect the arguments of the aggregate functions to a list. We don't worry about duplicates as these will be sorted out later in get_best_group_min_max */ for (uint i= 0; i < sum_item->get_arg_count(); i++) { expr= sum_item->get_arg(i); /* The AGGFN(DISTINCT) arg is not an attribute? */ if (expr->real_item()->type() != Item::FIELD_ITEM) return false; /* If we came to this point the AGGFN(DISTINCT) loose index scan optimization is applicable */ if (out_args) out_args->push_back((Item_field *) expr->real_item()); result= true; } } return result; } /** Discover the indexes that can be used for GROUP BY or DISTINCT queries. If the query has a GROUP BY clause, find all indexes that contain all GROUP BY fields, and add those indexes to join->const_keys. If the query has a DISTINCT clause, find all indexes that contain all SELECT fields, and add those indexes to join->const_keys. This allows later on such queries to be processed by a QUICK_GROUP_MIN_MAX_SELECT. @param join @param join_tab @return None */ static void add_group_and_distinct_keys(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab) { List indexed_fields; List_iterator indexed_fields_it(indexed_fields); ORDER *cur_group; Item_field *cur_item; key_map possible_keys(0); if (join->group_list) { /* Collect all query fields referenced in the GROUP clause. */ for (cur_group= join->group_list; cur_group; cur_group= cur_group->next) (*cur_group->item)->walk(&Item::collect_item_field_processor, 0, (uchar*) &indexed_fields); } else if (join->select_distinct) { /* Collect all query fields referenced in the SELECT clause. */ List &select_items= join->fields_list; List_iterator select_items_it(select_items); Item *item; while ((item= select_items_it++)) item->walk(&Item::collect_item_field_processor, 0, (uchar*) &indexed_fields); } else if (is_indexed_agg_distinct(join, &indexed_fields)) { join->sort_and_group= 1; } else return; if (indexed_fields.elements == 0) return; /* Intersect the keys of all group fields. */ cur_item= indexed_fields_it++; possible_keys.merge(cur_item->field->part_of_key); while ((cur_item= indexed_fields_it++)) { possible_keys.intersect(cur_item->field->part_of_key); } if (!possible_keys.is_clear_all()) join_tab->const_keys.merge(possible_keys); } /***************************************************************************** Go through all combinations of not marked tables and find the one which uses least records *****************************************************************************/ /** Save const tables first as used tables. */ void set_position(JOIN *join,uint idx,JOIN_TAB *table,KEYUSE *key) { join->positions[idx].table= table; join->positions[idx].key=key; join->positions[idx].records_read=1.0; /* This is a const table */ join->positions[idx].ref_depend_map= 0; // join->positions[idx].loosescan_key= MAX_KEY; /* Not a LooseScan */ join->positions[idx].sj_strategy= SJ_OPT_NONE; join->positions[idx].use_join_buffer= FALSE; /* Move the const table as down as possible in best_ref */ JOIN_TAB **pos=join->best_ref+idx+1; JOIN_TAB *next=join->best_ref[idx]; for (;next != table ; pos++) { JOIN_TAB *tmp=pos[0]; pos[0]=next; next=tmp; } join->best_ref[idx]=table; } /* Estimate of the number matching candidates in the joined table */ inline ha_rows matching_candidates_in_table(JOIN_TAB *s, bool with_found_constraint) { ha_rows records= s->found_records; /* If there is a filtering condition on the table (i.e. ref analyzer found at least one "table.keyXpartY= exprZ", where exprZ refers only to tables preceding this table in the join order we're now considering), then assume that 25% of the rows will be filtered out by this condition. This heuristic is supposed to force tables used in exprZ to be before this table in join order. */ if (with_found_constraint) records-= records/4; /* If applicable, get a more accurate estimate. Don't use the two heuristics at once. */ if (s->table->quick_condition_rows != s->found_records) records= s->table->quick_condition_rows; return records; } /** Find the best access path for an extension of a partial execution plan and add this path to the plan. The function finds the best access path to table 's' from the passed partial plan where an access path is the general term for any means to access the data in 's'. An access path may use either an index or a scan, whichever is cheaper. The input partial plan is passed via the array 'join->positions' of length 'idx'. The chosen access method for 's' and its cost are stored in 'join->positions[idx]'. @param join pointer to the structure providing all context info for the query @param s the table to be joined by the function @param thd thread for the connection that submitted the query @param remaining_tables set of tables not included into the partial plan yet @param idx the length of the partial plan @param disable_jbuf TRUE<=> Don't use join buffering @param record_count estimate for the number of records returned by the partial plan @param pos OUT Table access plan @param loose_scan_pos OUT Table plan that uses loosescan, or set cost to DBL_MAX if not possible. @return None */ void best_access_path(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *s, table_map remaining_tables, uint idx, bool disable_jbuf, double record_count, POSITION *pos, POSITION *loose_scan_pos) { THD *thd= join->thd; KEYUSE *best_key= 0; uint best_max_key_part= 0; my_bool found_constraint= 0; double best= DBL_MAX; double best_time= DBL_MAX; double records= DBL_MAX; table_map best_ref_depends_map= 0; double tmp; ha_rows rec; bool best_uses_jbuf= FALSE; MY_BITMAP *eq_join_set= &s->table->eq_join_set; KEYUSE *hj_start_key= 0; disable_jbuf= disable_jbuf || idx == join->const_tables; Loose_scan_opt loose_scan_opt; DBUG_ENTER("best_access_path"); bitmap_clear_all(eq_join_set); loose_scan_opt.init(join, s, remaining_tables); if (s->keyuse) { /* Use key if possible */ KEYUSE *keyuse; KEYUSE *start_key=0; TABLE *table= s->table; double best_records= DBL_MAX; uint max_key_part=0; /* Test how we can use keys */ rec= s->records/MATCHING_ROWS_IN_OTHER_TABLE; // Assumed records/key for (keyuse=s->keyuse ; keyuse->table == table ;) { KEY *keyinfo; ulong key_flags; uint key_parts; key_part_map found_part= 0; table_map found_ref= 0; uint key= keyuse->key; bool ft_key= (keyuse->keypart == FT_KEYPART); /* Bitmap of keyparts where the ref access is over 'keypart=const': */ key_part_map const_part= 0; /* The or-null keypart in ref-or-null access: */ key_part_map ref_or_null_part= 0; if (is_hash_join_key_no(key)) { /* Hash join as any join employing join buffer can be used to join only those tables that are joined after the first non const table */ if (!(remaining_tables & keyuse->used_tables) && idx > join->const_tables) { if (!hj_start_key) hj_start_key= keyuse; bitmap_set_bit(eq_join_set, keyuse->keypart); } keyuse++; continue; } keyinfo= table->key_info+key; key_parts= table->actual_n_key_parts(keyinfo); key_flags= table->actual_key_flags(keyinfo); /* Calculate how many key segments of the current key we can use */ start_key= keyuse; loose_scan_opt.next_ref_key(); DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Considering ref access on key %s", keyuse->table->key_info[keyuse->key].name)); do /* For each keypart */ { uint keypart= keyuse->keypart; table_map best_part_found_ref= 0; double best_prev_record_reads= DBL_MAX; do /* For each way to access the keypart */ { /* if 1. expression doesn't refer to forward tables 2. we won't get two ref-or-null's */ if (!(remaining_tables & keyuse->used_tables) && s->access_from_tables_is_allowed(keyuse->used_tables, join->sjm_lookup_tables) && !(ref_or_null_part && (keyuse->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL))) { found_part|= keyuse->keypart_map; if (!(keyuse->used_tables & ~join->const_table_map)) const_part|= keyuse->keypart_map; double tmp2= prev_record_reads(join->positions, idx, (found_ref | keyuse->used_tables)); if (tmp2 < best_prev_record_reads) { best_part_found_ref= keyuse->used_tables & ~join->const_table_map; best_prev_record_reads= tmp2; } if (rec > keyuse->ref_table_rows) rec= keyuse->ref_table_rows; /* If there is one 'key_column IS NULL' expression, we can use this ref_or_null optimisation of this field */ if (keyuse->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL) ref_or_null_part |= keyuse->keypart_map; } loose_scan_opt.add_keyuse(remaining_tables, keyuse); keyuse++; } while (keyuse->table == table && keyuse->key == key && keyuse->keypart == keypart); found_ref|= best_part_found_ref; } while (keyuse->table == table && keyuse->key == key); /* Assume that that each key matches a proportional part of table. */ if (!found_part && !ft_key && !loose_scan_opt.have_a_case()) continue; // Nothing usable found if (rec < MATCHING_ROWS_IN_OTHER_TABLE) rec= MATCHING_ROWS_IN_OTHER_TABLE; // Fix for small tables /* ft-keys require special treatment */ if (ft_key) { /* Really, there should be records=0.0 (yes!) but 1.0 would be probably safer */ tmp= prev_record_reads(join->positions, idx, found_ref); records= 1.0; } else { found_constraint= test(found_part); loose_scan_opt.check_ref_access_part1(s, key, start_key, found_part); /* Check if we found full key */ if (found_part == PREV_BITS(uint, key_parts) && !ref_or_null_part) { /* use eq key */ max_key_part= (uint) ~0; if ((key_flags & (HA_NOSAME | HA_NULL_PART_KEY)) == HA_NOSAME || test(key_flags & HA_EXT_NOSAME)) { tmp = prev_record_reads(join->positions, idx, found_ref); records=1.0; } else { if (!found_ref) { /* We found a const key */ /* ReuseRangeEstimateForRef-1: We get here if we've found a ref(const) (c_i are constants): "(keypart1=c1) AND ... AND (keypartN=cN)" [ref_const_cond] If range optimizer was able to construct a "range" access on this index, then its condition "quick_cond" was eqivalent to ref_const_cond (*), and we can re-use E(#rows) from the range optimizer. Proof of (*): By properties of range and ref optimizers quick_cond will be equal or tighther than ref_const_cond. ref_const_cond already covers "smallest" possible interval - a singlepoint interval over all keyparts. Therefore, quick_cond is equivalent to ref_const_cond (if it was an empty interval we wouldn't have got here). */ if (table->quick_keys.is_set(key)) records= (double) table->quick_rows[key]; else { /* quick_range couldn't use key! */ records= (double) s->records/rec; } } else { uint key_parts= table->actual_n_key_parts(keyinfo); if (!(records=keyinfo->rec_per_key[key_parts-1])) { /* Prefer longer keys */ records= ((double) s->records / (double) rec * (1.0 + ((double) (table->s->max_key_length-keyinfo->key_length) / (double) table->s->max_key_length))); if (records < 2.0) records=2.0; /* Can't be as good as a unique */ } /* ReuseRangeEstimateForRef-2: We get here if we could not reuse E(#rows) from range optimizer. Make another try: If range optimizer produced E(#rows) for a prefix of the ref access we're considering, and that E(#rows) is lower then our current estimate, make an adjustment. The criteria of when we can make an adjustment is a special case of the criteria used in ReuseRangeEstimateForRef-3. */ if (table->quick_keys.is_set(key) && (const_part & (((key_part_map)1 << table->quick_key_parts[key])-1)) == (((key_part_map)1 << table->quick_key_parts[key])-1) && table->quick_n_ranges[key] == 1 && records > (double) table->quick_rows[key]) { records= (double) table->quick_rows[key]; } } /* Limit the number of matched rows */ tmp= records; set_if_smaller(tmp, (double) thd->variables.max_seeks_for_key); if (table->covering_keys.is_set(key)) tmp= table->file->keyread_time(key, 1, (ha_rows) tmp); else tmp= table->file->read_time(key, 1, (ha_rows) min(tmp,s->worst_seeks)); tmp*= record_count; } } else { /* Use as much key-parts as possible and a uniq key is better than a not unique key Set tmp to (previous record count) * (records / combination) */ if ((found_part & 1) && (!(table->file->index_flags(key, 0, 0) & HA_ONLY_WHOLE_INDEX) || found_part == PREV_BITS(uint,keyinfo->key_parts))) { max_key_part= max_part_bit(found_part); /* ReuseRangeEstimateForRef-3: We're now considering a ref[or_null] access via (t.keypart1=e1 AND ... AND t.keypartK=eK) [ OR (same-as-above but with one cond replaced with "t.keypart_i IS NULL")] (**) Try re-using E(#rows) from "range" optimizer: We can do so if "range" optimizer used the same intervals as in (**). The intervals used by range optimizer may be not available at this point (as "range" access might have choosen to create quick select over another index), so we can't compare them to (**). We'll make indirect judgements instead. The sufficient conditions for re-use are: (C1) All e_i in (**) are constants, i.e. found_ref==FALSE. (if this is not satisfied we have no way to know which ranges will be actually scanned by 'ref' until we execute the join) (C2) max #key parts in 'range' access == K == max_key_part (this is apparently a necessary requirement) We also have a property that "range optimizer produces equal or tighter set of scan intervals than ref(const) optimizer". Each of the intervals in (**) are "tightest possible" intervals when one limits itself to using keyparts 1..K (which we do in #2). From here it follows that range access used either one, or both of the (I1) and (I2) intervals: (t.keypart1=c1 AND ... AND t.keypartK=eK) (I1) (same-as-above but with one cond replaced with "t.keypart_i IS NULL") (I2) The remaining part is to exclude the situation where range optimizer used one interval while we're considering ref-or-null and looking for estimate for two intervals. This is done by last limitation: (C3) "range optimizer used (have ref_or_null?2:1) intervals" */ if (table->quick_keys.is_set(key) && !found_ref && //(C1) table->quick_key_parts[key] == max_key_part && //(C2) table->quick_n_ranges[key] == 1+test(ref_or_null_part)) //(C3) { tmp= records= (double) table->quick_rows[key]; } else { /* Check if we have statistic about the distribution */ if ((records= keyinfo->rec_per_key[max_key_part-1])) { /* Fix for the case where the index statistics is too optimistic: If (1) We're considering ref(const) and there is quick select on the same index, (2) and that quick select uses more keyparts (i.e. it will scan equal/smaller interval then this ref(const)) (3) and E(#rows) for quick select is higher then our estimate, Then We'll use E(#rows) from quick select. Q: Why do we choose to use 'ref'? Won't quick select be cheaper in some cases ? TODO: figure this out and adjust the plan choice if needed. */ if (!found_ref && table->quick_keys.is_set(key) && // (1) table->quick_key_parts[key] > max_key_part && // (2) records < (double)table->quick_rows[key]) // (3) records= (double)table->quick_rows[key]; tmp= records; } else { /* Assume that the first key part matches 1% of the file and that the whole key matches 10 (duplicates) or 1 (unique) records. Assume also that more key matches proportionally more records This gives the formula: records = (x * (b-a) + a*c-b)/(c-1) b = records matched by whole key a = records matched by first key part (1% of all records?) c = number of key parts in key x = used key parts (1 <= x <= c) */ double rec_per_key; if (!(rec_per_key=(double) keyinfo->rec_per_key[keyinfo->key_parts-1])) rec_per_key=(double) s->records/rec+1; if (!s->records) tmp = 0; else if (rec_per_key/(double) s->records >= 0.01) tmp = rec_per_key; else { double a=s->records*0.01; if (keyinfo->key_parts > 1) tmp= (max_key_part * (rec_per_key - a) + a*keyinfo->key_parts - rec_per_key)/ (keyinfo->key_parts-1); else tmp= a; set_if_bigger(tmp,1.0); } records = (ulong) tmp; } if (ref_or_null_part) { /* We need to do two key searches to find key */ tmp *= 2.0; records *= 2.0; } /* ReuseRangeEstimateForRef-4: We get here if we could not reuse E(#rows) from range optimizer. Make another try: If range optimizer produced E(#rows) for a prefix of the ref access we're considering, and that E(#rows) is lower then our current estimate, make the adjustment. The decision whether we can re-use the estimate from the range optimizer is the same as in ReuseRangeEstimateForRef-3, applied to first table->quick_key_parts[key] key parts. */ if (table->quick_keys.is_set(key) && table->quick_key_parts[key] <= max_key_part && const_part & ((key_part_map)1 << table->quick_key_parts[key]) && table->quick_n_ranges[key] == 1 + test(ref_or_null_part & const_part) && records > (double) table->quick_rows[key]) { tmp= records= (double) table->quick_rows[key]; } } /* Limit the number of matched rows */ set_if_smaller(tmp, (double) thd->variables.max_seeks_for_key); if (table->covering_keys.is_set(key)) tmp= table->file->keyread_time(key, 1, (ha_rows) tmp); else tmp= table->file->read_time(key, 1, (ha_rows) min(tmp,s->worst_seeks)); tmp*= record_count; } else tmp= best_time; // Do nothing } tmp += s->startup_cost; loose_scan_opt.check_ref_access_part2(key, start_key, records, tmp); } /* not ft_key */ if (tmp + 0.0001 < best_time - records/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE) { best_time= tmp + records/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE; best= tmp; best_records= records; best_key= start_key; best_max_key_part= max_key_part; best_ref_depends_map= found_ref; } } /* for each key */ records= best_records; } /* If there is no key to access the table, but there is an equi-join predicate connecting the table with the privious tables then we consider the possibility of using hash join. We need also to check that: (1) s is inner table of semi-join -> join cache is allowed for semijoins (2) s is inner table of outer join -> join cache is allowed for outer joins */ if (idx > join->const_tables && best_key == 0 && (join->allowed_join_cache_types & JOIN_CACHE_HASHED_BIT) && join->max_allowed_join_cache_level > 2 && !bitmap_is_clear_all(eq_join_set) && !disable_jbuf && (!s->emb_sj_nest || join->allowed_semijoin_with_cache) && // (1) (!(s->table->map & join->outer_join) || join->allowed_outer_join_with_cache)) // (2) { double join_sel= 0.1; /* Estimate the cost of the hash join access to the table */ ha_rows rnd_records= matching_candidates_in_table(s, found_constraint); tmp= s->quick ? s->quick->read_time : s->scan_time(); tmp+= (s->records - rnd_records)/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE; /* We read the table as many times as join buffer becomes full. */ tmp*= (1.0 + floor((double) cache_record_length(join,idx) * record_count / (double) thd->variables.join_buff_size)); best_time= tmp + (record_count*join_sel) / TIME_FOR_COMPARE * rnd_records; best= tmp; records= rows2double(rnd_records); best_key= hj_start_key; best_ref_depends_map= 0; best_uses_jbuf= TRUE; } /* Don't test table scan if it can't be better. Prefer key lookup if we would use the same key for scanning. Don't do a table scan on InnoDB tables, if we can read the used parts of the row from any of the used index. This is because table scans uses index and we would not win anything by using a table scan. A word for word translation of the below if-statement in sergefp's understanding: we check if we should use table scan if: (1) The found 'ref' access produces more records than a table scan (or index scan, or quick select), or 'ref' is more expensive than any of them. (2) This doesn't hold: the best way to perform table scan is to to perform 'range' access using index IDX, and the best way to perform 'ref' access is to use the same index IDX, with the same or more key parts. (note: it is not clear how this rule is/should be extended to index_merge quick selects) (3) See above note about InnoDB. (4) NOT ("FORCE INDEX(...)" is used for table and there is 'ref' access path, but there is no quick select) If the condition in the above brackets holds, then the only possible "table scan" access method is ALL/index (there is no quick select). Since we have a 'ref' access path, and FORCE INDEX instructs us to choose it over ALL/index, there is no need to consider a full table scan. (5) Non-flattenable semi-joins: don't consider doing a scan of temporary table if we had an option to make lookups into it. In real-world cases, lookups are cheaper than full scans, but when the table is small, they can be [considered to be] more expensive, which causes lookups not to be used for cases with small datasets, which is annoying. */ if ((records >= s->found_records || best > s->read_time) && // (1) !(s->quick && best_key && s->quick->index == best_key->key && // (2) best_max_key_part >= s->table->quick_key_parts[best_key->key]) &&// (2) !((s->table->file->ha_table_flags() & HA_TABLE_SCAN_ON_INDEX) && // (3) ! s->table->covering_keys.is_clear_all() && best_key && !s->quick) &&// (3) !(s->table->force_index && best_key && !s->quick) && // (4) !(best_key && s->table->pos_in_table_list->jtbm_subselect)) // (5) { // Check full join ha_rows rnd_records= matching_candidates_in_table(s, found_constraint); /* Range optimizer never proposes a RANGE if it isn't better than FULL: so if RANGE is present, it's always preferred to FULL. Here we estimate its cost. */ if (s->quick) { /* For each record we: - read record range through 'quick' - skip rows which does not satisfy WHERE constraints TODO: We take into account possible use of join cache for ALL/index access (see first else-branch below), but we don't take it into account here for range/index_merge access. Find out why this is so. */ tmp= record_count * (s->quick->read_time + (s->found_records - rnd_records)/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE); loose_scan_opt.check_range_access(join, idx, s->quick); } else { /* Estimate cost of reading table. */ tmp= s->scan_time(); if ((s->table->map & join->outer_join) || disable_jbuf) // Can't use join cache { /* For each record we have to: - read the whole table record - skip rows which does not satisfy join condition */ tmp= record_count * (tmp + (s->records - rnd_records)/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE); } else { /* We read the table as many times as join buffer becomes full. */ tmp*= (1.0 + floor((double) cache_record_length(join,idx) * record_count / (double) thd->variables.join_buff_size)); /* We don't make full cartesian product between rows in the scanned table and existing records because we skip all rows from the scanned table, which does not satisfy join condition when we read the table (see flush_cached_records for details). Here we take into account cost to read and skip these records. */ tmp+= (s->records - rnd_records)/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE; } } tmp += s->startup_cost; /* We estimate the cost of evaluating WHERE clause for found records as record_count * rnd_records / TIME_FOR_COMPARE. This cost plus tmp give us total cost of using TABLE SCAN */ if (best == DBL_MAX || (tmp + record_count/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE*rnd_records < (best_key->is_for_hash_join() ? best_time : best + record_count/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE*records))) { /* If the table has a range (s->quick is set) make_join_select() will ensure that this will be used */ best= tmp; records= rows2double(rnd_records); best_key= 0; /* range/index_merge/ALL/index access method are "independent", so: */ best_ref_depends_map= 0; best_uses_jbuf= test(!disable_jbuf && !((s->table->map & join->outer_join))); } } /* Update the cost information for the current partial plan */ pos->records_read= records; pos->read_time= best; pos->key= best_key; pos->table= s; pos->ref_depend_map= best_ref_depends_map; pos->loosescan_picker.loosescan_key= MAX_KEY; pos->use_join_buffer= best_uses_jbuf; loose_scan_opt.save_to_position(s, loose_scan_pos); if (!best_key && idx == join->const_tables && s->table == join->sort_by_table && join->unit->select_limit_cnt >= records) join->sort_by_table= (TABLE*) 1; // Must use temporary table DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /* Find JOIN_TAB's embedding (i.e, parent) subquery. - For merged semi-joins, tables inside the semi-join nest have their semi-join nest as parent. We intentionally ignore results of table pullout action here. - For non-merged semi-joins (JTBM tabs), the embedding subquery is the JTBM join tab itself. */ static TABLE_LIST* get_emb_subq(JOIN_TAB *tab) { TABLE_LIST *tlist= tab->table->pos_in_table_list; if (tlist->jtbm_subselect) return tlist; TABLE_LIST *embedding= tlist->embedding; if (!embedding || !embedding->sj_subq_pred) return NULL; return embedding; } /* Choose initial table order that "helps" semi-join optimizations. The idea is that we should start with the order that is the same as the one we would have had if we had semijoin=off: - Top-level tables go first - subquery tables are grouped together by the subquery they are in, - subquery tables are attached where the subquery predicate would have been attached if we had semi-join off. This function relies on join_tab_cmp()/join_tab_cmp_straight() to produce certain pre-liminary ordering, see compare_embedding_subqueries() for its description. */ static void choose_initial_table_order(JOIN *join) { TABLE_LIST *emb_subq; JOIN_TAB **tab= join->best_ref + join->const_tables; JOIN_TAB **tabs_end= tab + join->table_count - join->const_tables; /* Find where the top-level JOIN_TABs end and subquery JOIN_TABs start */ for (; tab != tabs_end; tab++) { if ((emb_subq= get_emb_subq(*tab))) break; } uint n_subquery_tabs= tabs_end - tab; if (!n_subquery_tabs) return; /* Copy the subquery JOIN_TABs to a separate array */ JOIN_TAB *subquery_tabs[MAX_TABLES]; memcpy(subquery_tabs, tab, sizeof(JOIN_TAB*) * n_subquery_tabs); JOIN_TAB **last_top_level_tab= tab; JOIN_TAB **subq_tab= subquery_tabs; JOIN_TAB **subq_tabs_end= subquery_tabs + n_subquery_tabs; TABLE_LIST *cur_subq_nest= NULL; for (; subq_tab < subq_tabs_end; subq_tab++) { if (get_emb_subq(*subq_tab)!= cur_subq_nest) { /* Reached the part of subquery_tabs that covers tables in some subquery. */ cur_subq_nest= get_emb_subq(*subq_tab); /* Determine how many tables the subquery has */ JOIN_TAB **last_tab_for_subq; for (last_tab_for_subq= subq_tab; last_tab_for_subq < subq_tabs_end && get_emb_subq(*last_tab_for_subq) == cur_subq_nest; last_tab_for_subq++) {} uint n_subquery_tables= last_tab_for_subq - subq_tab; /* Walk the original array and find where this subquery would have been attached to */ table_map need_tables= cur_subq_nest->original_subq_pred_used_tables; need_tables &= ~(join->const_table_map | PSEUDO_TABLE_BITS); for (JOIN_TAB **top_level_tab= join->best_ref + join->const_tables; top_level_tab < last_top_level_tab; //top_level_tab < join->best_ref + join->table_count; top_level_tab++) { need_tables &= ~(*top_level_tab)->table->map; /* Check if this is the place where subquery should be attached */ if (!need_tables) { /* Move away the top-level tables that are after top_level_tab */ uint top_tail_len= last_top_level_tab - top_level_tab - 1; memmove(top_level_tab + 1 + n_subquery_tables, top_level_tab + 1, sizeof(JOIN_TAB*)*top_tail_len); last_top_level_tab += n_subquery_tables; memcpy(top_level_tab + 1, subq_tab, sizeof(JOIN_TAB*)*n_subquery_tables); break; } } DBUG_ASSERT(!need_tables); subq_tab += n_subquery_tables - 1; } } } /** Selects and invokes a search strategy for an optimal query plan. The function checks user-configurable parameters that control the search strategy for an optimal plan, selects the search method and then invokes it. Each specific optimization procedure stores the final optimal plan in the array 'join->best_positions', and the cost of the plan in 'join->best_read'. @param join pointer to the structure providing all context info for the query @param join_tables set of the tables in the query @todo 'MAX_TABLES+2' denotes the old implementation of find_best before the greedy version. Will be removed when greedy_search is approved. @retval FALSE ok @retval TRUE Fatal error */ bool choose_plan(JOIN *join, table_map join_tables) { uint search_depth= join->thd->variables.optimizer_search_depth; uint prune_level= join->thd->variables.optimizer_prune_level; bool straight_join= test(join->select_options & SELECT_STRAIGHT_JOIN); DBUG_ENTER("choose_plan"); join->cur_embedding_map= 0; join->cur_dups_producing_tables= 0; reset_nj_counters(join, join->join_list); qsort2_cmp jtab_sort_func; if (join->emb_sjm_nest) { /* We're optimizing semi-join materialization nest, so put the tables from this semi-join as first */ jtab_sort_func= join_tab_cmp_embedded_first; } else { /* if (SELECT_STRAIGHT_JOIN option is set) reorder tables so dependent tables come after tables they depend on, otherwise keep tables in the order they were specified in the query else Apply heuristic: pre-sort all access plans with respect to the number of records accessed. */ jtab_sort_func= straight_join ? join_tab_cmp_straight : join_tab_cmp; } /* psergey-todo: if we're not optimizing an SJM nest, - sort that outer tables are first, and each sjm nest follows - then, put each [sjm_table1, ... sjm_tableN] sub-array right where WHERE clause pushdown would have put it. */ my_qsort2(join->best_ref + join->const_tables, join->table_count - join->const_tables, sizeof(JOIN_TAB*), jtab_sort_func, (void*)join->emb_sjm_nest); if (!join->emb_sjm_nest) { choose_initial_table_order(join); } join->cur_sj_inner_tables= 0; if (straight_join) { optimize_straight_join(join, join_tables); } else { if (search_depth == MAX_TABLES+2) { /* TODO: 'MAX_TABLES+2' denotes the old implementation of find_best before the greedy version. Will be removed when greedy_search is approved. */ join->best_read= DBL_MAX; if (find_best(join, join_tables, join->const_tables, 1.0, 0.0)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } else { if (search_depth == 0) /* Automatically determine a reasonable value for 'search_depth' */ search_depth= determine_search_depth(join); if (greedy_search(join, join_tables, search_depth, prune_level)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } } /* Store the cost of this query into a user variable Don't update last_query_cost for statements that are not "flat joins" : i.e. they have subqueries, unions or call stored procedures. TODO: calculate a correct cost for a query with subqueries and UNIONs. */ if (join->thd->lex->is_single_level_stmt()) join->thd->status_var.last_query_cost= join->best_read; DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /* Compare two join tabs based on the subqueries they are from. - top-level join tabs go first - then subqueries are ordered by their select_id (we're using this criteria because we need a cross-platform, deterministic ordering) @return 0 - equal -1 - jt1 < jt2 1 - jt1 > jt2 */ static int compare_embedding_subqueries(JOIN_TAB *jt1, JOIN_TAB *jt2) { /* Determine if the first table is originally from a subquery */ TABLE_LIST *tbl1= jt1->table->pos_in_table_list; uint tbl1_select_no; if (tbl1->jtbm_subselect) { tbl1_select_no= tbl1->jtbm_subselect->unit->first_select()->select_number; } else if (tbl1->embedding && tbl1->embedding->sj_subq_pred) { tbl1_select_no= tbl1->embedding->sj_subq_pred->unit->first_select()->select_number; } else tbl1_select_no= 1; /* Top-level */ /* Same for the second table */ TABLE_LIST *tbl2= jt2->table->pos_in_table_list; uint tbl2_select_no; if (tbl2->jtbm_subselect) { tbl2_select_no= tbl2->jtbm_subselect->unit->first_select()->select_number; } else if (tbl2->embedding && tbl2->embedding->sj_subq_pred) { tbl2_select_no= tbl2->embedding->sj_subq_pred->unit->first_select()->select_number; } else tbl2_select_no= 1; /* Top-level */ /* Put top-level tables in front. Tables from within subqueries must follow, grouped by their owner subquery. We don't care about the order that subquery groups are in, because choose_initial_table_order() will re-order the groups. */ if (tbl1_select_no != tbl2_select_no) return tbl1_select_no > tbl2_select_no ? 1 : -1; return 0; } /** Compare two JOIN_TAB objects based on the number of accessed records. @param ptr1 pointer to first JOIN_TAB object @param ptr2 pointer to second JOIN_TAB object NOTES The order relation implemented by join_tab_cmp() is not transitive, i.e. it is possible to choose such a, b and c that (a < b) && (b < c) but (c < a). This implies that result of a sort using the relation implemented by join_tab_cmp() depends on the order in which elements are compared, i.e. the result is implementation-specific. Example: a: dependent = 0x0 table->map = 0x1 found_records = 3 ptr = 0x907e6b0 b: dependent = 0x0 table->map = 0x2 found_records = 3 ptr = 0x907e838 c: dependent = 0x6 table->map = 0x10 found_records = 2 ptr = 0x907ecd0 As for subuqueries, this function must produce order that can be fed to choose_initial_table_order(). @retval 1 if first is bigger @retval -1 if second is bigger @retval 0 if equal */ static int join_tab_cmp(const void *dummy, const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2) { JOIN_TAB *jt1= *(JOIN_TAB**) ptr1; JOIN_TAB *jt2= *(JOIN_TAB**) ptr2; int cmp; if ((cmp= compare_embedding_subqueries(jt1, jt2)) != 0) return cmp; /* After that, take care about ordering imposed by LEFT JOIN constraints, possible [eq]ref accesses, and numbers of matching records in the table. */ if (jt1->dependent & jt2->table->map) return 1; if (jt2->dependent & jt1->table->map) return -1; if (jt1->found_records > jt2->found_records) return 1; if (jt1->found_records < jt2->found_records) return -1; return jt1 > jt2 ? 1 : (jt1 < jt2 ? -1 : 0); } /** Same as join_tab_cmp, but for use with SELECT_STRAIGHT_JOIN. */ static int join_tab_cmp_straight(const void *dummy, const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2) { JOIN_TAB *jt1= *(JOIN_TAB**) ptr1; JOIN_TAB *jt2= *(JOIN_TAB**) ptr2; /* We don't do subquery flattening if the parent or child select has STRAIGHT_JOIN modifier. It is complicated to implement and the semantics is hardly useful. */ DBUG_ASSERT(!jt1->emb_sj_nest); DBUG_ASSERT(!jt2->emb_sj_nest); int cmp; if ((cmp= compare_embedding_subqueries(jt1, jt2)) != 0) return cmp; if (jt1->dependent & jt2->table->map) return 1; if (jt2->dependent & jt1->table->map) return -1; return jt1 > jt2 ? 1 : (jt1 < jt2 ? -1 : 0); } /* Same as join_tab_cmp but tables from within the given semi-join nest go first. Used when the optimizing semi-join materialization nests. */ static int join_tab_cmp_embedded_first(const void *emb, const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2) { const TABLE_LIST *emb_nest= (TABLE_LIST*) emb; JOIN_TAB *jt1= *(JOIN_TAB**) ptr1; JOIN_TAB *jt2= *(JOIN_TAB**) ptr2; if (jt1->emb_sj_nest == emb_nest && jt2->emb_sj_nest != emb_nest) return -1; if (jt1->emb_sj_nest != emb_nest && jt2->emb_sj_nest == emb_nest) return 1; if (jt1->dependent & jt2->table->map) return 1; if (jt2->dependent & jt1->table->map) return -1; if (jt1->found_records > jt2->found_records) return 1; if (jt1->found_records < jt2->found_records) return -1; return jt1 > jt2 ? 1 : (jt1 < jt2 ? -1 : 0); } /** Heuristic procedure to automatically guess a reasonable degree of exhaustiveness for the greedy search procedure. The procedure estimates the optimization time and selects a search depth big enough to result in a near-optimal QEP, that doesn't take too long to find. If the number of tables in the query exceeds some constant, then search_depth is set to this constant. @param join pointer to the structure providing all context info for the query @note This is an extremely simplistic implementation that serves as a stub for a more advanced analysis of the join. Ideally the search depth should be determined by learning from previous query optimizations, because it will depend on the CPU power (and other factors). @todo this value should be determined dynamically, based on statistics: uint max_tables_for_exhaustive_opt= 7; @todo this value could be determined by some mapping of the form: depth : table_count -> [max_tables_for_exhaustive_opt..MAX_EXHAUSTIVE] @return A positive integer that specifies the search depth (and thus the exhaustiveness) of the depth-first search algorithm used by 'greedy_search'. */ static uint determine_search_depth(JOIN *join) { uint table_count= join->table_count - join->const_tables; uint search_depth; /* TODO: this value should be determined dynamically, based on statistics: */ uint max_tables_for_exhaustive_opt= 7; if (table_count <= max_tables_for_exhaustive_opt) search_depth= table_count+1; // use exhaustive for small number of tables else /* TODO: this value could be determined by some mapping of the form: depth : table_count -> [max_tables_for_exhaustive_opt..MAX_EXHAUSTIVE] */ search_depth= max_tables_for_exhaustive_opt; // use greedy search return search_depth; } /** Select the best ways to access the tables in a query without reordering them. Find the best access paths for each query table and compute their costs according to their order in the array 'join->best_ref' (thus without reordering the join tables). The function calls sequentially 'best_access_path' for each table in the query to select the best table access method. The final optimal plan is stored in the array 'join->best_positions', and the corresponding cost in 'join->best_read'. @param join pointer to the structure providing all context info for the query @param join_tables set of the tables in the query @note This function can be applied to: - queries with STRAIGHT_JOIN - internally to compute the cost of an arbitrary QEP @par Thus 'optimize_straight_join' can be used at any stage of the query optimization process to finalize a QEP as it is. */ static void optimize_straight_join(JOIN *join, table_map join_tables) { JOIN_TAB *s; uint idx= join->const_tables; bool disable_jbuf= join->thd->variables.join_cache_level == 0; double record_count= 1.0; double read_time= 0.0; POSITION loose_scan_pos; for (JOIN_TAB **pos= join->best_ref + idx ; (s= *pos) ; pos++) { /* Find the best access method from 's' to the current partial plan */ best_access_path(join, s, join_tables, idx, disable_jbuf, record_count, join->positions + idx, &loose_scan_pos); /* compute the cost of the new plan extended with 's' */ record_count*= join->positions[idx].records_read; read_time+= join->positions[idx].read_time + record_count / (double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE; advance_sj_state(join, join_tables, idx, &record_count, &read_time, &loose_scan_pos); join_tables&= ~(s->table->map); ++idx; } if (join->sort_by_table && join->sort_by_table != join->positions[join->const_tables].table->table) read_time+= record_count; // We have to make a temp table memcpy((uchar*) join->best_positions, (uchar*) join->positions, sizeof(POSITION)*idx); join->record_count= record_count; join->best_read= read_time - 0.001; } /** Find a good, possibly optimal, query execution plan (QEP) by a greedy search. The search procedure uses a hybrid greedy/exhaustive search with controlled exhaustiveness. The search is performed in N = card(remaining_tables) steps. Each step evaluates how promising is each of the unoptimized tables, selects the most promising table, and extends the current partial QEP with that table. Currenly the most 'promising' table is the one with least expensive extension.\ There are two extreme cases: -# When (card(remaining_tables) < search_depth), the estimate finds the best complete continuation of the partial QEP. This continuation can be used directly as a result of the search. -# When (search_depth == 1) the 'best_extension_by_limited_search' consideres the extension of the current QEP with each of the remaining unoptimized tables. All other cases are in-between these two extremes. Thus the parameter 'search_depth' controlls the exhaustiveness of the search. The higher the value, the longer the optimization time and possibly the better the resulting plan. The lower the value, the fewer alternative plans are estimated, but the more likely to get a bad QEP. All intermediate and final results of the procedure are stored in 'join': - join->positions : modified for every partial QEP that is explored - join->best_positions: modified for the current best complete QEP - join->best_read : modified for the current best complete QEP - join->best_ref : might be partially reordered The final optimal plan is stored in 'join->best_positions', and its corresponding cost in 'join->best_read'. @note The following pseudocode describes the algorithm of 'greedy_search': @code procedure greedy_search input: remaining_tables output: pplan; { pplan = <>; do { (t, a) = best_extension(pplan, remaining_tables); pplan = concat(pplan, (t, a)); remaining_tables = remaining_tables - t; } while (remaining_tables != {}) return pplan; } @endcode where 'best_extension' is a placeholder for a procedure that selects the most "promising" of all tables in 'remaining_tables'. Currently this estimate is performed by calling 'best_extension_by_limited_search' to evaluate all extensions of the current QEP of size 'search_depth', thus the complexity of 'greedy_search' mainly depends on that of 'best_extension_by_limited_search'. @par If 'best_extension()' == 'best_extension_by_limited_search()', then the worst-case complexity of this algorithm is <= O(N*N^search_depth/search_depth). When serch_depth >= N, then the complexity of greedy_search is O(N!). @par In the future, 'greedy_search' might be extended to support other implementations of 'best_extension', e.g. some simpler quadratic procedure. @param join pointer to the structure providing all context info for the query @param remaining_tables set of tables not included into the partial plan yet @param search_depth controlls the exhaustiveness of the search @param prune_level the pruning heuristics that should be applied during search @retval FALSE ok @retval TRUE Fatal error */ static bool greedy_search(JOIN *join, table_map remaining_tables, uint search_depth, uint prune_level) { double record_count= 1.0; double read_time= 0.0; uint idx= join->const_tables; // index into 'join->best_ref' uint best_idx; uint size_remain; // cardinality of remaining_tables POSITION best_pos; JOIN_TAB *best_table; // the next plan node to be added to the curr QEP // ==join->tables or # tables in the sj-mat nest we're optimizing uint n_tables __attribute__((unused)); DBUG_ENTER("greedy_search"); /* number of tables that remain to be optimized */ n_tables= size_remain= my_count_bits(remaining_tables & (join->emb_sjm_nest? (join->emb_sjm_nest->sj_inner_tables & ~join->const_table_map) : ~(table_map)0)); do { /* Find the extension of the current QEP with the lowest cost */ join->best_read= DBL_MAX; if (best_extension_by_limited_search(join, remaining_tables, idx, record_count, read_time, search_depth, prune_level)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); /* 'best_read < DBL_MAX' means that optimizer managed to find some plan and updated 'best_positions' array accordingly. */ DBUG_ASSERT(join->best_read < DBL_MAX); if (size_remain <= search_depth) { /* 'join->best_positions' contains a complete optimal extension of the current partial QEP. */ DBUG_EXECUTE("opt", print_plan(join, n_tables, record_count, read_time, read_time, "optimal");); DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /* select the first table in the optimal extension as most promising */ best_pos= join->best_positions[idx]; best_table= best_pos.table; /* Each subsequent loop of 'best_extension_by_limited_search' uses 'join->positions' for cost estimates, therefore we have to update its value. */ join->positions[idx]= best_pos; /* Update the interleaving state after extending the current partial plan with a new table. We are doing this here because best_extension_by_limited_search reverts the interleaving state to the one of the non-extended partial plan on exit. */ bool is_interleave_error __attribute__((unused))= check_interleaving_with_nj (best_table); /* This has been already checked by best_extension_by_limited_search */ DBUG_ASSERT(!is_interleave_error); /* find the position of 'best_table' in 'join->best_ref' */ best_idx= idx; JOIN_TAB *pos= join->best_ref[best_idx]; while (pos && best_table != pos) pos= join->best_ref[++best_idx]; DBUG_ASSERT((pos != NULL)); // should always find 'best_table' /* move 'best_table' at the first free position in the array of joins */ swap_variables(JOIN_TAB*, join->best_ref[idx], join->best_ref[best_idx]); /* compute the cost of the new plan extended with 'best_table' */ record_count*= join->positions[idx].records_read; read_time+= join->positions[idx].read_time + record_count / (double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE; remaining_tables&= ~(best_table->table->map); --size_remain; ++idx; DBUG_EXECUTE("opt", print_plan(join, idx, record_count, read_time, read_time, "extended");); } while (TRUE); } /** Get cost of execution and fanout produced by selected tables in the join prefix (where prefix is defined as prefix in depth-first traversal) @param end_tab_idx The number of last tab to be taken into account (in depth-first traversal prefix) @param filter_map Bitmap of tables whose cost/fanout are to be taken into account. @param read_time_arg [out] store read time here @param record_count_arg [out] store record count here @note @returns read_time_arg and record_count_arg contain the computed cost and fanout */ void JOIN::get_partial_cost_and_fanout(int end_tab_idx, table_map filter_map, double *read_time_arg, double *record_count_arg) { double record_count= 1; double read_time= 0.0; double sj_inner_fanout= 1.0; JOIN_TAB *end_tab= NULL; JOIN_TAB *tab; int i; int last_sj_table= MAX_TABLES; /* Handle a special case where the join is degenerate, and produces no records */ if (table_count == const_tables) { *read_time_arg= 0.0; /* We return 1, because - it is the pessimistic estimate (there might be grouping) - it's safer, as we're less likely to hit the edge cases in calculations. */ *record_count_arg=1.0; return; } for (tab= first_depth_first_tab(this), i= const_tables; tab; tab= next_depth_first_tab(this, tab), i++) { end_tab= tab; if (i == end_tab_idx) break; } for (tab= first_depth_first_tab(this), i= const_tables; ; tab= next_depth_first_tab(this, tab), i++) { if (end_tab->bush_root_tab && end_tab->bush_root_tab == tab) { /* We've entered the SJM nest that contains the end_tab. The caller is - interested in fanout inside the nest (because that's how many times we'll invoke the attached WHERE conditions) - not interested in cost */ record_count= 1.0; read_time= 0.0; } /* Ignore fanout (but not cost) from sj-inner tables, as long as the range that processes them finishes before the end_tab */ if (tab->sj_strategy != SJ_OPT_NONE) { sj_inner_fanout= 1.0; last_sj_table= i + tab->n_sj_tables; } table_map cur_table_map; if (tab->table) cur_table_map= tab->table->map; else { /* This is a SJ-Materialization nest. Check all of its tables */ TABLE *first_child= tab->bush_children->start->table; TABLE_LIST *sjm_nest= first_child->pos_in_table_list->embedding; cur_table_map= sjm_nest->nested_join->used_tables; } if (tab->records_read && (cur_table_map & filter_map)) { record_count *= tab->records_read; read_time += tab->read_time + record_count / (double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE; if (tab->emb_sj_nest) sj_inner_fanout *= tab->records_read; } if (i == last_sj_table) { record_count /= sj_inner_fanout; sj_inner_fanout= 1.0; last_sj_table= MAX_TABLES; } if (tab == end_tab) break; } *read_time_arg= read_time;// + record_count / TIME_FOR_COMPARE; *record_count_arg= record_count; } /* Get prefix cost and fanout. This function is different from get_partial_cost_and_fanout: - it operates on a JOIN that haven't yet finished its optimization phase (in particular, fix_semijoin_strategies_for_picked_join_order() and get_best_combination() haven't been called) - it assumes the the join prefix doesn't have any semi-join plans These assumptions are met by the caller of the function. */ void JOIN::get_prefix_cost_and_fanout(uint n_tables, double *read_time_arg, double *record_count_arg) { double record_count= 1; double read_time= 0.0; for (uint i= const_tables; i < n_tables + const_tables ; i++) { if (best_positions[i].records_read) { record_count *= best_positions[i].records_read; read_time += best_positions[i].read_time; } } *read_time_arg= read_time;// + record_count / TIME_FOR_COMPARE; *record_count_arg= record_count; } /** Estimate the number of rows that query execution will read. @todo This is a very pessimistic upper bound. Use join selectivity when available to produce a more realistic number. */ double JOIN::get_examined_rows() { ha_rows examined_rows; double prev_fanout= 1; JOIN_TAB *tab= first_breadth_first_tab(this, WALK_OPTIMIZATION_TABS); JOIN_TAB *prev_tab= tab; examined_rows= tab->get_examined_rows(); while ((tab= next_breadth_first_tab(this, WALK_OPTIMIZATION_TABS, tab))) { prev_fanout *= prev_tab->records_read; examined_rows+= (ha_rows) (tab->get_examined_rows() * prev_fanout); prev_tab= tab; } return examined_rows; } /** Find a good, possibly optimal, query execution plan (QEP) by a possibly exhaustive search. The procedure searches for the optimal ordering of the query tables in set 'remaining_tables' of size N, and the corresponding optimal access paths to each table. The choice of a table order and an access path for each table constitutes a query execution plan (QEP) that fully specifies how to execute the query. The maximal size of the found plan is controlled by the parameter 'search_depth'. When search_depth == N, the resulting plan is complete and can be used directly as a QEP. If search_depth < N, the found plan consists of only some of the query tables. Such "partial" optimal plans are useful only as input to query optimization procedures, and cannot be used directly to execute a query. The algorithm begins with an empty partial plan stored in 'join->positions' and a set of N tables - 'remaining_tables'. Each step of the algorithm evaluates the cost of the partial plan extended by all access plans for each of the relations in 'remaining_tables', expands the current partial plan with the access plan that results in lowest cost of the expanded partial plan, and removes the corresponding relation from 'remaining_tables'. The algorithm continues until it either constructs a complete optimal plan, or constructs an optimal plartial plan with size = search_depth. The final optimal plan is stored in 'join->best_positions'. The corresponding cost of the optimal plan is in 'join->best_read'. @note The procedure uses a recursive depth-first search where the depth of the recursion (and thus the exhaustiveness of the search) is controlled by the parameter 'search_depth'. @note The pseudocode below describes the algorithm of 'best_extension_by_limited_search'. The worst-case complexity of this algorithm is O(N*N^search_depth/search_depth). When serch_depth >= N, then the complexity of greedy_search is O(N!). @code procedure best_extension_by_limited_search( pplan in, // in, partial plan of tables-joined-so-far pplan_cost, // in, cost of pplan remaining_tables, // in, set of tables not referenced in pplan best_plan_so_far, // in/out, best plan found so far best_plan_so_far_cost,// in/out, cost of best_plan_so_far search_depth) // in, maximum size of the plans being considered { for each table T from remaining_tables { // Calculate the cost of using table T as above cost = complex-series-of-calculations; // Add the cost to the cost so far. pplan_cost+= cost; if (pplan_cost >= best_plan_so_far_cost) // pplan_cost already too great, stop search continue; pplan= expand pplan by best_access_method; remaining_tables= remaining_tables - table T; if (remaining_tables is not an empty set and search_depth > 1) { best_extension_by_limited_search(pplan, pplan_cost, remaining_tables, best_plan_so_far, best_plan_so_far_cost, search_depth - 1); } else { best_plan_so_far_cost= pplan_cost; best_plan_so_far= pplan; } } } @endcode @note When 'best_extension_by_limited_search' is called for the first time, 'join->best_read' must be set to the largest possible value (e.g. DBL_MAX). The actual implementation provides a way to optionally use pruning heuristic (controlled by the parameter 'prune_level') to reduce the search space by skipping some partial plans. @note The parameter 'search_depth' provides control over the recursion depth, and thus the size of the resulting optimal plan. @param join pointer to the structure providing all context info for the query @param remaining_tables set of tables not included into the partial plan yet @param idx length of the partial QEP in 'join->positions'; since a depth-first search is used, also corresponds to the current depth of the search tree; also an index in the array 'join->best_ref'; @param record_count estimate for the number of records returned by the best partial plan @param read_time the cost of the best partial plan @param search_depth maximum depth of the recursion and thus size of the found optimal plan (0 < search_depth <= join->tables+1). @param prune_level pruning heuristics that should be applied during optimization (values: 0 = EXHAUSTIVE, 1 = PRUNE_BY_TIME_OR_ROWS) @retval FALSE ok @retval TRUE Fatal error */ static bool best_extension_by_limited_search(JOIN *join, table_map remaining_tables, uint idx, double record_count, double read_time, uint search_depth, uint prune_level) { DBUG_ENTER("best_extension_by_limited_search"); THD *thd= join->thd; if (thd->killed) // Abort DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); DBUG_EXECUTE("opt", print_plan(join, idx, read_time, record_count, idx, "SOFAR:");); /* 'join' is a partial plan with lower cost than the best plan so far, so continue expanding it further with the tables in 'remaining_tables'. */ JOIN_TAB *s; double best_record_count= DBL_MAX; double best_read_time= DBL_MAX; bool disable_jbuf= join->thd->variables.join_cache_level == 0; DBUG_EXECUTE("opt", print_plan(join, idx, record_count, read_time, read_time, "part_plan");); /* If we are searching for the execution plan of a materialized semi-join nest then allowed_tables contains bits only for the tables from this nest. */ table_map allowed_tables= ~(table_map)0; if (join->emb_sjm_nest) allowed_tables= join->emb_sjm_nest->sj_inner_tables & ~join->const_table_map; for (JOIN_TAB **pos= join->best_ref + idx ; (s= *pos) ; pos++) { table_map real_table_bit= s->table->map; if ((remaining_tables & real_table_bit) && (allowed_tables & real_table_bit) && !(remaining_tables & s->dependent) && (!idx || !check_interleaving_with_nj(s))) { double current_record_count, current_read_time; POSITION *position= join->positions + idx; /* Find the best access method from 's' to the current partial plan */ POSITION loose_scan_pos; best_access_path(join, s, remaining_tables, idx, disable_jbuf, record_count, join->positions + idx, &loose_scan_pos); /* Compute the cost of extending the plan with 's' */ current_record_count= record_count * position->records_read; current_read_time=read_time + position->read_time + current_record_count / (double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE; advance_sj_state(join, remaining_tables, idx, ¤t_record_count, ¤t_read_time, &loose_scan_pos); /* Expand only partial plans with lower cost than the best QEP so far */ if (current_read_time >= join->best_read) { DBUG_EXECUTE("opt", print_plan(join, idx+1, current_record_count, read_time, current_read_time, "prune_by_cost");); restore_prev_nj_state(s); restore_prev_sj_state(remaining_tables, s, idx); continue; } /* Prune some less promising partial plans. This heuristic may miss the optimal QEPs, thus it results in a non-exhaustive search. */ if (prune_level == 1) { if (best_record_count > current_record_count || best_read_time > current_read_time || (idx == join->const_tables && // 's' is the first table in the QEP s->table == join->sort_by_table)) { if (best_record_count >= current_record_count && best_read_time >= current_read_time && /* TODO: What is the reasoning behind this condition? */ (!(s->key_dependent & allowed_tables & remaining_tables) || join->positions[idx].records_read < 2.0)) { best_record_count= current_record_count; best_read_time= current_read_time; } } else { DBUG_EXECUTE("opt", print_plan(join, idx+1, current_record_count, read_time, current_read_time, "pruned_by_heuristic");); restore_prev_nj_state(s); restore_prev_sj_state(remaining_tables, s, idx); continue; } } if ( (search_depth > 1) && (remaining_tables & ~real_table_bit) & allowed_tables ) { /* Recursively expand the current partial plan */ swap_variables(JOIN_TAB*, join->best_ref[idx], *pos); if (best_extension_by_limited_search(join, remaining_tables & ~real_table_bit, idx + 1, current_record_count, current_read_time, search_depth - 1, prune_level)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); swap_variables(JOIN_TAB*, join->best_ref[idx], *pos); } else { /* 'join' is either the best partial QEP with 'search_depth' relations, or the best complete QEP so far, whichever is smaller. */ if (join->sort_by_table && join->sort_by_table != join->positions[join->const_tables].table->table) /* We have to make a temp table */ current_read_time+= current_record_count; if (current_read_time < join->best_read) { memcpy((uchar*) join->best_positions, (uchar*) join->positions, sizeof(POSITION) * (idx + 1)); join->record_count= current_record_count; join->best_read= current_read_time - 0.001; } DBUG_EXECUTE("opt", print_plan(join, idx+1, current_record_count, read_time, current_read_time, "full_plan");); } restore_prev_nj_state(s); restore_prev_sj_state(remaining_tables, s, idx); } } DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /** @todo - TODO: this function is here only temporarily until 'greedy_search' is tested and accepted. RETURN VALUES FALSE ok TRUE Fatal error */ static bool find_best(JOIN *join,table_map rest_tables,uint idx,double record_count, double read_time) { DBUG_ENTER("find_best"); THD *thd= join->thd; if (thd->killed) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); if (!rest_tables) { DBUG_PRINT("best",("read_time: %g record_count: %g",read_time, record_count)); read_time+=record_count/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE; if (join->sort_by_table && join->sort_by_table != join->positions[join->const_tables].table->table) read_time+=record_count; // We have to make a temp table if (read_time < join->best_read) { memcpy((uchar*) join->best_positions,(uchar*) join->positions, sizeof(POSITION)*idx); join->best_read= read_time - 0.001; } DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } if (read_time+record_count/(double) TIME_FOR_COMPARE >= join->best_read) DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); /* Found better before */ JOIN_TAB *s; double best_record_count=DBL_MAX,best_read_time=DBL_MAX; bool disable_jbuf= join->thd->variables.join_cache_level == 0; for (JOIN_TAB **pos=join->best_ref+idx ; (s=*pos) ; pos++) { table_map real_table_bit=s->table->map; if ((rest_tables & real_table_bit) && !(rest_tables & s->dependent) && (!idx|| !check_interleaving_with_nj(s))) { double records, best; POSITION loose_scan_pos; best_access_path(join, s, rest_tables, idx, disable_jbuf, record_count, join->positions + idx, &loose_scan_pos); records= join->positions[idx].records_read; best= join->positions[idx].read_time; /* Go to the next level only if there hasn't been a better key on this level! This will cut down the search for a lot simple cases! */ double current_record_count=record_count*records; double current_read_time=read_time+best; advance_sj_state(join, rest_tables, idx, ¤t_record_count, ¤t_read_time, &loose_scan_pos); if (best_record_count > current_record_count || best_read_time > current_read_time || (idx == join->const_tables && s->table == join->sort_by_table)) { if (best_record_count >= current_record_count && best_read_time >= current_read_time && (!(s->key_dependent & rest_tables) || records < 2.0)) { best_record_count=current_record_count; best_read_time=current_read_time; } swap_variables(JOIN_TAB*, join->best_ref[idx], *pos); if (find_best(join,rest_tables & ~real_table_bit,idx+1, current_record_count,current_read_time)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); swap_variables(JOIN_TAB*, join->best_ref[idx], *pos); } restore_prev_nj_state(s); restore_prev_sj_state(rest_tables, s, idx); if (join->select_options & SELECT_STRAIGHT_JOIN) break; // Don't test all combinations } } DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /** Find how much space the prevous read not const tables takes in cache. */ void JOIN_TAB::calc_used_field_length(bool max_fl) { uint null_fields,blobs,fields; ulong rec_length; Field **f_ptr,*field; uint uneven_bit_fields; MY_BITMAP *read_set= table->read_set; uneven_bit_fields= null_fields= blobs= fields= rec_length=0; for (f_ptr=table->field ; (field= *f_ptr) ; f_ptr++) { if (bitmap_is_set(read_set, field->field_index)) { uint flags=field->flags; fields++; rec_length+=field->pack_length(); if (flags & BLOB_FLAG) blobs++; if (!(flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)) null_fields++; if (field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BIT && ((Field_bit*)field)->bit_len) uneven_bit_fields++; } } if (null_fields || uneven_bit_fields) rec_length+=(table->s->null_fields+7)/8; if (table->maybe_null) rec_length+=sizeof(my_bool); /* Take into account that DuplicateElimination may need to store rowid */ uint rowid_add_size= 0; if (keep_current_rowid) { rowid_add_size= table->file->ref_length; rec_length += rowid_add_size; fields++; } if (max_fl) { // TODO: to improve this estimate for max expected length if (blobs) { ulong blob_length= table->file->stats.mean_rec_length; if (ULONG_MAX - rec_length > blob_length) rec_length+= blob_length; else rec_length= ULONG_MAX; } max_used_fieldlength= rec_length; } else if (table->file->stats.mean_rec_length) set_if_smaller(rec_length, table->file->stats.mean_rec_length + rowid_add_size); used_fields=fields; used_fieldlength=rec_length; used_blobs=blobs; used_null_fields= null_fields; used_uneven_bit_fields= uneven_bit_fields; } /* @brief Extract pushdown conditions for a table scan @details This functions extracts pushdown conditions usable when this table is scanned. The conditions are extracted either from WHERE or from ON expressions. The conditions are attached to the field cache_select of this table. @note Currently the extracted conditions are used only by BNL and BNLH join. algorithms. @retval 0 on success 1 otherwise */ int JOIN_TAB::make_scan_filter() { COND *tmp; DBUG_ENTER("make_scan_filter"); Item *cond= is_inner_table_of_outer_join() ? *get_first_inner_table()->on_expr_ref : join->conds; if (cond && (tmp= make_cond_for_table(join->thd, cond, join->const_table_map | table->map, table->map, -1, FALSE, TRUE))) { DBUG_EXECUTE("where",print_where(tmp,"cache", QT_ORDINARY);); if (!(cache_select= (SQL_SELECT*) join->thd->memdup((uchar*) select, sizeof(SQL_SELECT)))) DBUG_RETURN(1); cache_select->cond= tmp; cache_select->read_tables=join->const_table_map; } DBUG_RETURN(0); } /** @brief Check whether hash join algorithm can be used to join this table @details This function finds out whether the ref items that have been chosen by the planner to access this table can be used for hash join algorithms. The answer depends on a certain property of the the fields of the joined tables on which the hash join key is built. @note At present the function is supposed to be called only after the function get_best_combination has been called. @retval TRUE it's possible to use hash join to join this table @retval FALSE otherwise */ bool JOIN_TAB::hash_join_is_possible() { if (type != JT_REF && type != JT_EQ_REF) return FALSE; if (!is_ref_for_hash_join()) { KEY *keyinfo= table->key_info + ref.key; return keyinfo->key_part[0].field->hash_join_is_possible(); } return TRUE; } static uint cache_record_length(JOIN *join,uint idx) { uint length=0; JOIN_TAB **pos,**end; for (pos=join->best_ref+join->const_tables,end=join->best_ref+idx ; pos != end ; pos++) { JOIN_TAB *join_tab= *pos; length+= join_tab->get_used_fieldlength(); } return length; } /* Get the number of different row combinations for subset of partial join SYNOPSIS prev_record_reads() join The join structure idx Number of tables in the partial join order (i.e. the partial join order is in join->positions[0..idx-1]) found_ref Bitmap of tables for which we need to find # of distinct row combinations. DESCRIPTION Given a partial join order (in join->positions[0..idx-1]) and a subset of tables within that join order (specified in found_ref), find out how many distinct row combinations of subset tables will be in the result of the partial join order. This is used as follows: Suppose we have a table accessed with a ref-based method. The ref access depends on current rows of tables in found_ref. We want to count # of different ref accesses. We assume two ref accesses will be different if at least one of access parameters is different. Example: consider a query SELECT * FROM t1, t2, t3 WHERE t1.key=c1 AND t2.key=c2 AND t3.key=t1.field and a join order: t1, ref access on t1.key=c1 t2, ref access on t2.key=c2 t3, ref access on t3.key=t1.field For t1: n_ref_scans = 1, n_distinct_ref_scans = 1 For t2: n_ref_scans = records_read(t1), n_distinct_ref_scans=1 For t3: n_ref_scans = records_read(t1)*records_read(t2) n_distinct_ref_scans = #records_read(t1) The reason for having this function (at least the latest version of it) is that we need to account for buffering in join execution. An edge-case example: if we have a non-first table in join accessed via ref(const) or ref(param) where there is a small number of different values of param, then the access will likely hit the disk cache and will not require any disk seeks. The proper solution would be to assume an LRU disk cache of some size, calculate probability of cache hits, etc. For now we just count identical ref accesses as one. RETURN Expected number of row combinations */ double prev_record_reads(POSITION *positions, uint idx, table_map found_ref) { double found=1.0; POSITION *pos_end= positions - 1; for (POSITION *pos= positions + idx - 1; pos != pos_end; pos--) { if (pos->table->table->map & found_ref) { found_ref|= pos->ref_depend_map; /* For the case of "t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON ..." where t2 is a const table with no matching row we will get position[t2].records_read==0. Actually the size of output is one null-complemented row, therefore we will use value of 1 whenever we get records_read==0. Note - the above case can't occur if inner part of outer join has more than one table: table with no matches will not be marked as const. - Ideally we should add 1 to records_read for every possible null- complemented row. We're not doing it because: 1. it will require non-trivial code and add overhead. 2. The value of records_read is an inprecise estimate and adding 1 (or, in the worst case, #max_nested_outer_joins=64-1) will not make it any more precise. */ if (pos->records_read) found*= pos->records_read; } } return found; } /* Enumerate join tabs in breadth-first fashion, including const tables. */ JOIN_TAB *first_breadth_first_tab(JOIN *join, enum enum_exec_or_opt tabs_kind) { /* There's always one (i.e. first) table */ return (tabs_kind == WALK_EXECUTION_TABS)? join->join_tab: join->table_access_tabs; } JOIN_TAB *next_breadth_first_tab(JOIN *join, enum enum_exec_or_opt tabs_kind, JOIN_TAB *tab) { JOIN_TAB* const first_top_tab= first_breadth_first_tab(join, tabs_kind); const uint n_top_tabs_count= (tabs_kind == WALK_EXECUTION_TABS)? join->top_join_tab_count: join->top_table_access_tabs_count; if (!tab->bush_root_tab) { /* We're at top level. Get the next top-level tab */ tab++; if (tab < first_top_tab + n_top_tabs_count) return tab; /* No more top-level tabs. Switch to enumerating SJM nest children */ tab= first_top_tab; } else { /* We're inside of an SJM nest */ if (!tab->last_leaf_in_bush) { /* There's one more table in the nest, return it. */ return ++tab; } else { /* There are no more tables in this nest. Get out of it and then we'll proceed to the next nest. */ tab= tab->bush_root_tab + 1; } } /* Ok, "tab" points to a top-level table, and we need to find the next SJM nest and enter it. */ for (; tab < first_top_tab + n_top_tabs_count; tab++) { if (tab->bush_children) return tab->bush_children->start; } return NULL; } JOIN_TAB *first_top_level_tab(JOIN *join, enum enum_with_const_tables const_tbls) { JOIN_TAB *tab= join->join_tab; if (const_tbls == WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES) { if (join->const_tables == join->table_count) return NULL; tab += join->const_tables; } return tab; } JOIN_TAB *next_top_level_tab(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *tab) { tab= next_breadth_first_tab(join, WALK_EXECUTION_TABS, tab); if (tab && tab->bush_root_tab) tab= NULL; return tab; } JOIN_TAB *first_linear_tab(JOIN *join, enum enum_with_const_tables const_tbls) { JOIN_TAB *first= join->join_tab; if (const_tbls == WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES) first+= join->const_tables; if (first < join->join_tab + join->top_join_tab_count) return first; return NULL; /* All tables were const tables */ } /* A helper function to loop over all join's join_tab in sequential fashion DESCRIPTION Depending on include_bush_roots parameter, JOIN_TABs that represent SJM-scan/lookups are either returned or omitted. SJM-Bush children are returned right after (or in place of) their container join tab (TODO: does anybody depend on this? A: make_join_readinfo() seems to) For example, if we have this structure: ot1--ot2--sjm1----------------ot3-... | +--it1--it2--it3 calls to next_linear_tab( include_bush_roots=TRUE) will return: ot1 ot2 sjm1 it1 it2 it3 ot3 ... while calls to next_linear_tab( include_bush_roots=FALSE) will return: ot1 ot2 it1 it2 it3 ot3 ... (note that sjm1 won't be returned). */ JOIN_TAB *next_linear_tab(JOIN* join, JOIN_TAB* tab, enum enum_with_bush_roots include_bush_roots) { if (include_bush_roots == WITH_BUSH_ROOTS && tab->bush_children) { /* This JOIN_TAB is a SJM nest; Start from first table in nest */ return tab->bush_children->start; } DBUG_ASSERT(!tab->last_leaf_in_bush || tab->bush_root_tab); if (tab->bush_root_tab) /* Are we inside an SJM nest */ { /* Inside SJM nest */ if (!tab->last_leaf_in_bush) return tab+1; /* Return next in nest */ /* Continue from the sjm on the top level */ tab= tab->bush_root_tab; } /* If no more JOIN_TAB's on the top level */ if (++tab == join->join_tab + join->top_join_tab_count) return NULL; if (include_bush_roots == WITHOUT_BUSH_ROOTS && tab->bush_children) { /* This JOIN_TAB is a SJM nest; Start from first table in nest */ tab= tab->bush_children->start; } return tab; } /* Start to iterate over all join tables in bush-children-first order, excluding the const tables (see next_depth_first_tab() comment for details) */ JOIN_TAB *first_depth_first_tab(JOIN* join) { JOIN_TAB* tab; /* This means we're starting the enumeration */ if (join->const_tables == join->top_join_tab_count) return NULL; tab= join->join_tab + join->const_tables; return (tab->bush_children) ? tab->bush_children->start : tab; } /* A helper function to iterate over all join tables in bush-children-first order DESCRIPTION For example, for this join plan ot1--ot2--sjm1------------ot3-... | | it1--it2--it3 call to first_depth_first_tab() will return ot1, and subsequent calls to next_depth_first_tab() will return: ot2 it1 it2 it3 sjm ot3 ... */ JOIN_TAB *next_depth_first_tab(JOIN* join, JOIN_TAB* tab) { /* If we're inside SJM nest and have reached its end, get out */ if (tab->last_leaf_in_bush) return tab->bush_root_tab; /* Move to next tab in the array we're traversing */ tab++; if (tab == join->join_tab +join->top_join_tab_count) return NULL; /* Outside SJM nest and reached EOF */ if (tab->bush_children) return tab->bush_children->start; return tab; } static Item * const null_ptr= NULL; /* Set up join struct according to the picked join order in SYNOPSIS get_best_combination() join The join to process (the picked join order is mainly in join->best_positions) DESCRIPTION Setup join structures according the picked join order - finalize semi-join strategy choices (see fix_semijoin_strategies_for_picked_join_order) - create join->join_tab array and put there the JOIN_TABs in the join order - create data structures describing ref access methods. NOTE In this function we switch from pre-join-optimization JOIN_TABs to post-join-optimization JOIN_TABs. This is achieved by copying the entire JOIN_TAB objects. RETURN FALSE OK TRUE Out of memory */ bool get_best_combination(JOIN *join) { uint tablenr; table_map used_tables; JOIN_TAB *join_tab,*j; KEYUSE *keyuse; uint table_count; THD *thd=join->thd; DBUG_ENTER("get_best_combination"); table_count=join->table_count; if (!(join->join_tab=join_tab= (JOIN_TAB*) thd->alloc(sizeof(JOIN_TAB)*table_count))) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); join->full_join=0; join->hash_join= FALSE; used_tables= OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT; // Outer row is already read fix_semijoin_strategies_for_picked_join_order(join); JOIN_TAB_RANGE *root_range; if (!(root_range= new JOIN_TAB_RANGE)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); root_range->start= join->join_tab; /* root_range->end will be set later */ join->join_tab_ranges.empty(); if (join->join_tab_ranges.push_back(root_range)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); JOIN_TAB *sjm_nest_end= NULL; JOIN_TAB *sjm_nest_root= NULL; for (j=join_tab, tablenr=0 ; tablenr < table_count ; tablenr++,j++) { TABLE *form; POSITION *cur_pos= &join->best_positions[tablenr]; if (cur_pos->sj_strategy == SJ_OPT_MATERIALIZE || cur_pos->sj_strategy == SJ_OPT_MATERIALIZE_SCAN) { /* Ok, we've entered an SJ-Materialization semi-join (note that this can't be done recursively, semi-joins are not allowed to be nested). 1. Put into main join order a JOIN_TAB that represents a lookup or scan in the temptable. */ bzero(j, sizeof(JOIN_TAB)); j->join= join; j->table= NULL; //temporary way to tell SJM tables from others. j->ref.key = -1; j->on_expr_ref= (Item**) &null_ptr; j->keys= key_map(1); /* The unique index is always in 'possible keys' in EXPLAIN */ /* 2. Proceed with processing SJM nest's join tabs, putting them into the sub-order */ SJ_MATERIALIZATION_INFO *sjm= cur_pos->table->emb_sj_nest->sj_mat_info; j->records= j->records_read= (ha_rows)(sjm->is_sj_scan? sjm->rows : 1); JOIN_TAB *jt; JOIN_TAB_RANGE *jt_range; if (!(jt= (JOIN_TAB*)join->thd->alloc(sizeof(JOIN_TAB)*sjm->tables)) || !(jt_range= new JOIN_TAB_RANGE)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); jt_range->start= jt; jt_range->end= jt + sjm->tables; join->join_tab_ranges.push_back(jt_range); j->bush_children= jt_range; sjm_nest_end= jt + sjm->tables; sjm_nest_root= j; j= jt; } *j= *join->best_positions[tablenr].table; j->bush_root_tab= sjm_nest_root; form=join->table[tablenr]=j->table; used_tables|= form->map; form->reginfo.join_tab=j; if (!*j->on_expr_ref) form->reginfo.not_exists_optimize=0; // Only with LEFT JOIN DBUG_PRINT("info",("type: %d", j->type)); if (j->type == JT_CONST) goto loop_end; // Handled in make_join_stat.. j->loosescan_match_tab= NULL; //non-nulls will be set later j->inside_loosescan_range= FALSE; j->ref.key = -1; j->ref.key_parts=0; if (j->type == JT_SYSTEM) goto loop_end; if ( !(keyuse= join->best_positions[tablenr].key)) { j->type=JT_ALL; if (join->best_positions[tablenr].use_join_buffer && tablenr != join->const_tables) join->full_join= 1; } /*if (join->best_positions[tablenr].sj_strategy == SJ_OPT_LOOSE_SCAN) { DBUG_ASSERT(!keyuse || keyuse->key == join->best_positions[tablenr].loosescan_picker.loosescan_key); j->index= join->best_positions[tablenr].loosescan_picker.loosescan_key; }*/ if (keyuse && create_ref_for_key(join, j, keyuse, TRUE, used_tables)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); // Something went wrong if ((j->type == JT_REF || j->type == JT_EQ_REF) && is_hash_join_key_no(j->ref.key)) join->hash_join= TRUE; loop_end: /* Save records_read in JOIN_TAB so that select_describe()/etc don't have to access join->best_positions[]. */ j->records_read= (ha_rows)join->best_positions[tablenr].records_read; join->map2table[j->table->tablenr]= j; /* If we've reached the end of sjm nest, switch back to main sequence */ if (j + 1 == sjm_nest_end) { j->last_leaf_in_bush= TRUE; j= sjm_nest_root; sjm_nest_root= NULL; sjm_nest_end= NULL; } } root_range->end= j; join->top_join_tab_count= join->join_tab_ranges.head()->end - join->join_tab_ranges.head()->start; /* Save pointers to select join tabs for SHOW EXPLAIN */ join->table_access_tabs= join->join_tab; join->top_table_access_tabs_count= join->top_join_tab_count; update_depend_map(join); DBUG_RETURN(0); } /** Create a descriptor of hash join key to access a given join table @param join join which the join table belongs to @param join_tab the join table to access @param org_keyuse beginning of the key uses to join this table @param used_tables bitmap of the previous tables @details This function first finds key uses that can be utilized by the hash join algorithm to join join_tab to the previous tables marked in the bitmap used_tables. The tested key uses are taken from the array of all key uses for 'join' starting from the position org_keyuse. After all interesting key uses have been found the function builds a descriptor of the corresponding key that is used by the hash join algorithm would it be chosen to join the table join_tab. @retval FALSE the descriptor for a hash join key is successfully created @retval TRUE otherwise */ static bool create_hj_key_for_table(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, KEYUSE *org_keyuse, table_map used_tables) { KEY *keyinfo; KEY_PART_INFO *key_part_info; KEYUSE *keyuse= org_keyuse; uint key_parts= 0; THD *thd= join->thd; TABLE *table= join_tab->table; bool first_keyuse= TRUE; DBUG_ENTER("create_hj_key_for_table"); do { if (!(~used_tables & keyuse->used_tables) && are_tables_local(join_tab, keyuse->used_tables)) { if (first_keyuse) { key_parts++; first_keyuse= FALSE; } else { KEYUSE *curr= org_keyuse; for( ; curr < keyuse; curr++) { if (curr->keypart == keyuse->keypart && !(~used_tables & curr->used_tables) && are_tables_local(join_tab, curr->used_tables)) break; } if (curr == keyuse) key_parts++; } } keyuse++; } while (keyuse->table == table && keyuse->is_for_hash_join()); if (!key_parts) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); /* This memory is allocated only once for the joined table join_tab */ if (!(keyinfo= (KEY *) thd->alloc(sizeof(KEY))) || !(key_part_info = (KEY_PART_INFO *) thd->alloc(sizeof(KEY_PART_INFO)* key_parts))) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); keyinfo->usable_key_parts= keyinfo->key_parts = key_parts; keyinfo->ext_key_parts= keyinfo->key_parts; keyinfo->key_part= key_part_info; keyinfo->key_length=0; keyinfo->algorithm= HA_KEY_ALG_UNDEF; keyinfo->flags= HA_GENERATED_KEY; keyinfo->name= (char *) "$hj"; keyinfo->rec_per_key= (ulong*) thd->calloc(sizeof(ulong)*key_parts); if (!keyinfo->rec_per_key) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); keyinfo->key_part= key_part_info; first_keyuse= TRUE; keyuse= org_keyuse; do { if (!(~used_tables & keyuse->used_tables) && are_tables_local(join_tab, keyuse->used_tables)) { bool add_key_part= TRUE; if (!first_keyuse) { for(KEYUSE *curr= org_keyuse; curr < keyuse; curr++) { if (curr->keypart == keyuse->keypart && !(~used_tables & curr->used_tables) && are_tables_local(join_tab, curr->used_tables)) { keyuse->keypart= NO_KEYPART; add_key_part= FALSE; break; } } } if (add_key_part) { Field *field= table->field[keyuse->keypart]; uint fieldnr= keyuse->keypart+1; table->create_key_part_by_field(keyinfo, key_part_info, field, fieldnr); key_part_info++; } } first_keyuse= FALSE; keyuse++; } while (keyuse->table == table && keyuse->is_for_hash_join()); keyinfo->ext_key_parts= keyinfo->key_parts; keyinfo->ext_key_flags= keyinfo->flags; keyinfo->ext_key_part_map= 0; join_tab->hj_key= keyinfo; DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /* Check if a set of tables specified by used_tables can be accessed when we're doing scan on join_tab jtab. */ static bool are_tables_local(JOIN_TAB *jtab, table_map used_tables) { if (jtab->bush_root_tab) { /* jtab is inside execution join nest. We may not refer to outside tables, except the const tables. */ table_map local_tables= jtab->emb_sj_nest->nested_join->used_tables | jtab->join->const_table_map | OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT; return !test(used_tables & ~local_tables); } /* If we got here then jtab is at top level. - all other tables at top level are accessible, - tables in join nests are accessible too, because all their columns that are needed at top level will be unpacked when scanning the materialization table. */ return TRUE; } static bool create_ref_for_key(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *j, KEYUSE *org_keyuse, bool allow_full_scan, table_map used_tables) { uint keyparts, length, key; TABLE *table; KEY *keyinfo; KEYUSE *keyuse= org_keyuse; bool ftkey= (keyuse->keypart == FT_KEYPART); THD *thd= join->thd; DBUG_ENTER("create_ref_for_key"); /* Use best key from find_best */ table= j->table; key= keyuse->key; if (!is_hash_join_key_no(key)) keyinfo= table->key_info+key; else { if (create_hj_key_for_table(join, j, org_keyuse, used_tables)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); keyinfo= j->hj_key; } if (ftkey) { Item_func_match *ifm=(Item_func_match *)keyuse->val; length=0; keyparts=1; ifm->join_key=1; } else { keyparts=length=0; uint found_part_ref_or_null= 0; /* Calculate length for the used key Stop if there is a missing key part or when we find second key_part with KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL */ do { if (!(~used_tables & keyuse->used_tables) && j->access_from_tables_is_allowed(keyuse->used_tables, join->sjm_lookup_tables)) { if (are_tables_local(j, keyuse->val->used_tables())) { if ((is_hash_join_key_no(key) && keyuse->keypart != NO_KEYPART) || (!is_hash_join_key_no(key) && keyparts == keyuse->keypart && !(found_part_ref_or_null & keyuse->optimize))) { length+= keyinfo->key_part[keyparts].store_length; keyparts++; found_part_ref_or_null|= keyuse->optimize & ~KEY_OPTIMIZE_EQ; } } } keyuse++; } while (keyuse->table == table && keyuse->key == key); if (!keyparts && allow_full_scan) { /* It's a LooseIndexScan strategy scanning whole index */ j->type= JT_ALL; j->index= key; DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } DBUG_ASSERT(length > 0); DBUG_ASSERT(keyparts != 0); } /* not ftkey */ /* set up fieldref */ j->ref.key_parts= keyparts; j->ref.key_length= length; j->ref.key= (int) key; if (!(j->ref.key_buff= (uchar*) thd->calloc(ALIGN_SIZE(length)*2)) || !(j->ref.key_copy= (store_key**) thd->alloc((sizeof(store_key*) * (keyparts+1)))) || !(j->ref.items=(Item**) thd->alloc(sizeof(Item*)*keyparts)) || !(j->ref.cond_guards= (bool**) thd->alloc(sizeof(uint*)*keyparts))) { DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } j->ref.key_buff2=j->ref.key_buff+ALIGN_SIZE(length); j->ref.key_err=1; j->ref.has_record= FALSE; j->ref.null_rejecting= 0; j->ref.disable_cache= FALSE; j->ref.null_ref_part= NO_REF_PART; keyuse=org_keyuse; store_key **ref_key= j->ref.key_copy; uchar *key_buff=j->ref.key_buff, *null_ref_key= 0; uint null_ref_part= NO_REF_PART; bool keyuse_uses_no_tables= TRUE; if (ftkey) { j->ref.items[0]=((Item_func*)(keyuse->val))->key_item(); /* Predicates pushed down into subquery can't be used FT access */ j->ref.cond_guards[0]= NULL; if (keyuse->used_tables) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); // not supported yet. SerG j->type=JT_FT; } else { uint i; for (i=0 ; i < keyparts ; keyuse++,i++) { while (((~used_tables) & keyuse->used_tables) || !j->access_from_tables_is_allowed(keyuse->used_tables, join->sjm_lookup_tables) || keyuse->keypart == NO_KEYPART || (keyuse->keypart != (is_hash_join_key_no(key) ? keyinfo->key_part[i].field->field_index : i)) || !are_tables_local(j, keyuse->val->used_tables())) keyuse++; /* Skip other parts */ uint maybe_null= test(keyinfo->key_part[i].null_bit); j->ref.items[i]=keyuse->val; // Save for cond removal j->ref.cond_guards[i]= keyuse->cond_guard; if (keyuse->null_rejecting) j->ref.null_rejecting|= (key_part_map)1 << i; keyuse_uses_no_tables= keyuse_uses_no_tables && !keyuse->used_tables; if (!keyuse->val->used_tables() && !thd->lex->describe) { // Compare against constant store_key_item tmp(thd, keyinfo->key_part[i].field, key_buff + maybe_null, maybe_null ? key_buff : 0, keyinfo->key_part[i].length, keyuse->val, FALSE); if (thd->is_fatal_error) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); tmp.copy(); } else *ref_key++= get_store_key(thd, keyuse,join->const_table_map, &keyinfo->key_part[i], key_buff, maybe_null); /* Remember if we are going to use REF_OR_NULL But only if field _really_ can be null i.e. we force JT_REF instead of JT_REF_OR_NULL in case if field can't be null */ if ((keyuse->optimize & KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL) && maybe_null) { null_ref_key= key_buff; null_ref_part= i; } key_buff+= keyinfo->key_part[i].store_length; } } /* not ftkey */ *ref_key=0; // end_marker if (j->type == JT_FT) DBUG_RETURN(0); ulong key_flags= j->table->actual_key_flags(keyinfo); if (j->type == JT_CONST) j->table->const_table= 1; else if (!((keyparts == keyinfo->key_parts && ((key_flags & (HA_NOSAME | HA_NULL_PART_KEY)) == HA_NOSAME)) || (keyparts > keyinfo->key_parts && // true only for extended keys test(key_flags & HA_EXT_NOSAME) && keyparts == keyinfo->ext_key_parts)) || null_ref_key) { /* Must read with repeat */ j->type= null_ref_key ? JT_REF_OR_NULL : JT_REF; j->ref.null_ref_key= null_ref_key; j->ref.null_ref_part= null_ref_part; } else if (keyuse_uses_no_tables) { /* This happen if we are using a constant expression in the ON part of an LEFT JOIN. SELECT * FROM a LEFT JOIN b ON b.key=30 Here we should not mark the table as a 'const' as a field may have a 'normal' value or a NULL value. */ j->type=JT_CONST; } else j->type=JT_EQ_REF; DBUG_RETURN(0); } static store_key * get_store_key(THD *thd, KEYUSE *keyuse, table_map used_tables, KEY_PART_INFO *key_part, uchar *key_buff, uint maybe_null) { if (!((~used_tables) & keyuse->used_tables)) // if const item { return new store_key_const_item(thd, key_part->field, key_buff + maybe_null, maybe_null ? key_buff : 0, key_part->length, keyuse->val); } else if (keyuse->val->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM || (keyuse->val->type() == Item::REF_ITEM && ((((Item_ref*)keyuse->val)->ref_type() == Item_ref::OUTER_REF && (*(Item_ref**)((Item_ref*)keyuse->val)->ref)->ref_type() == Item_ref::DIRECT_REF) || ((Item_ref*)keyuse->val)->ref_type() == Item_ref::VIEW_REF) && keyuse->val->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM)) return new store_key_field(thd, key_part->field, key_buff + maybe_null, maybe_null ? key_buff : 0, key_part->length, ((Item_field*) keyuse->val->real_item())->field, keyuse->val->real_item()->full_name()); return new store_key_item(thd, key_part->field, key_buff + maybe_null, maybe_null ? key_buff : 0, key_part->length, keyuse->val, FALSE); } /** @details Initialize a JOIN as a query execution plan that accesses a single table via a table scan. @param parent contains JOIN_TAB and TABLE object buffers for this join @param tmp_table temporary table @retval FALSE success @retval TRUE error occurred */ bool JOIN::make_simple_join(JOIN *parent, TABLE *temp_table) { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::make_simple_join"); /* Reuse TABLE * and JOIN_TAB if already allocated by a previous call to this function through JOIN::exec (may happen for sub-queries). */ if (!parent->join_tab_reexec && !(parent->join_tab_reexec= (JOIN_TAB*) thd->alloc(sizeof(JOIN_TAB)))) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); /* purecov: inspected */ join_tab= parent->join_tab_reexec; table= &parent->table_reexec[0]; parent->table_reexec[0]= temp_table; table_count= top_join_tab_count= 1; const_tables= 0; const_table_map= 0; eliminated_tables= 0; tmp_table_param.field_count= tmp_table_param.sum_func_count= tmp_table_param.func_count= 0; /* We need to destruct the copy_field (allocated in create_tmp_table()) before setting it to 0 if the join is not "reusable". */ if (!tmp_join || tmp_join != this) tmp_table_param.cleanup(); tmp_table_param.copy_field= tmp_table_param.copy_field_end=0; first_record= sort_and_group=0; send_records= (ha_rows) 0; if (group_optimized_away && !tmp_table_param.precomputed_group_by) { /* If grouping has been optimized away, a temporary table is normally not needed unless we're explicitly requested to create one (e.g. due to a SQL_BUFFER_RESULT hint or INSERT ... SELECT). In this case (grouping was optimized away), temp_table was created without a grouping expression and JOIN::exec() will not perform the necessary grouping (by the use of end_send_group() or end_write_group()) if JOIN::group is set to false. There is one exception: if the loose index scan access method is used to read into the temporary table, grouping and aggregate functions are handled. */ // the temporary table was explicitly requested DBUG_ASSERT(test(select_options & OPTION_BUFFER_RESULT)); // the temporary table does not have a grouping expression DBUG_ASSERT(!temp_table->group); } else group= false; row_limit= unit->select_limit_cnt; do_send_rows= row_limit ? 1 : 0; bzero(join_tab, sizeof(JOIN_TAB)); join_tab->table=temp_table; join_tab->set_select_cond(NULL, __LINE__); join_tab->type= JT_ALL; /* Map through all records */ join_tab->keys.init(); join_tab->keys.set_all(); /* test everything in quick */ join_tab->ref.key = -1; join_tab->read_first_record= join_init_read_record; join_tab->join= this; bzero((char*) &join_tab->read_record,sizeof(join_tab->read_record)); temp_table->status=0; temp_table->null_row=0; DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } inline void add_cond_and_fix(THD *thd, Item **e1, Item *e2) { if (*e1) { if (!e2) return; Item *res; if ((res= new Item_cond_and(*e1, e2))) { res->fix_fields(thd, 0); res->update_used_tables(); *e1= res; } } else *e1= e2; } /** Add to join_tab->select_cond[i] "table.field IS NOT NULL" conditions we've inferred from ref/eq_ref access performed. This function is a part of "Early NULL-values filtering for ref access" optimization. Example of this optimization: For query SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE t2.key=t1.field @n and plan " any-access(t1), ref(t2.key=t1.field) " @n add "t1.field IS NOT NULL" to t1's table condition. @n Description of the optimization: We look through equalities choosen to perform ref/eq_ref access, pick equalities that have form "tbl.part_of_key = othertbl.field" (where othertbl is a non-const table and othertbl.field may be NULL) and add them to conditions on correspoding tables (othertbl in this example). Exception from that is the case when referred_tab->join != join. I.e. don't add NOT NULL constraints from any embedded subquery. Consider this query: @code SELECT A.f2 FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 A ON A.f2 = f1 WHERE A.f3=(SELECT MIN(f3) FROM t2 C WHERE A.f4 = C.f4) OR A.f3 IS NULL; @endocde Here condition A.f3 IS NOT NULL is going to be added to the WHERE condition of the embedding query. Another example: SELECT * FROM t10, t11 WHERE (t10.a < 10 OR t10.a IS NULL) AND t11.b <=> t10.b AND (t11.a = (SELECT MAX(a) FROM t12 WHERE t12.b = t10.a )); Here condition t10.a IS NOT NULL is going to be added. In both cases addition of NOT NULL condition will erroneously reject some rows of the result set. referred_tab->join != join constraint would disallow such additions. This optimization doesn't affect the choices that ref, range, or join optimizer make. This was intentional because this was added after 4.1 was GA. Implementation overview 1. update_ref_and_keys() accumulates info about null-rejecting predicates in in KEY_FIELD::null_rejecting 1.1 add_key_part saves these to KEYUSE. 2. create_ref_for_key copies them to TABLE_REF. 3. add_not_null_conds adds "x IS NOT NULL" to join_tab->select_cond of appropiate JOIN_TAB members. */ static void add_not_null_conds(JOIN *join) { DBUG_ENTER("add_not_null_conds"); for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_linear_tab(join, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(join, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { if (tab->type == JT_REF || tab->type == JT_EQ_REF || tab->type == JT_REF_OR_NULL) { for (uint keypart= 0; keypart < tab->ref.key_parts; keypart++) { if (tab->ref.null_rejecting & ((key_part_map)1 << keypart)) { Item *item= tab->ref.items[keypart]; Item *notnull; Item *real= item->real_item(); if (real->basic_const_item()) { /* It could be constant instead of field after constant propagation. */ DBUG_ASSERT(real->is_expensive() || // prevent early expensive eval !real->is_null()); // NULLs are not propagated continue; } DBUG_ASSERT(real->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM); Item_field *not_null_item= (Item_field*)real; JOIN_TAB *referred_tab= not_null_item->field->table->reginfo.join_tab; /* For UPDATE queries such as: UPDATE t1 SET t1.f2=(SELECT MAX(t2.f4) FROM t2 WHERE t2.f3=t1.f1); not_null_item is the t1.f1, but it's referred_tab is 0. */ if (!referred_tab) continue; if (!(notnull= new Item_func_isnotnull(not_null_item))) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; /* We need to do full fix_fields() call here in order to have correct notnull->const_item(). This is needed e.g. by test_quick_select when it is called from make_join_select after this function is called. */ if (notnull->fix_fields(join->thd, ¬null)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; DBUG_EXECUTE("where",print_where(notnull, referred_tab->table->alias.c_ptr(), QT_ORDINARY);); if (!tab->first_inner) { COND *new_cond= referred_tab->join == join ? referred_tab->select_cond : join->outer_ref_cond; add_cond_and_fix(join->thd, &new_cond, notnull); if (referred_tab->join == join) referred_tab->set_select_cond(new_cond, __LINE__); else join->outer_ref_cond= new_cond; } else add_cond_and_fix(join->thd, tab->first_inner->on_expr_ref, notnull); } } } } DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /** Build a predicate guarded by match variables for embedding outer joins. The function recursively adds guards for predicate cond assending from tab to the first inner table next embedding nested outer join and so on until it reaches root_tab (root_tab can be 0). In other words: add_found_match_trig_cond(tab->first_inner_tab, y, 0) is the way one should wrap parts of WHERE. The idea is that the part of WHERE should be only evaluated after we've finished figuring out whether outer joins. ^^^ is the above correct? @param tab the first inner table for most nested outer join @param cond the predicate to be guarded (must be set) @param root_tab the first inner table to stop @return - pointer to the guarded predicate, if success - 0, otherwise */ static COND* add_found_match_trig_cond(JOIN_TAB *tab, COND *cond, JOIN_TAB *root_tab) { COND *tmp; DBUG_ASSERT(cond != 0); if (tab == root_tab) return cond; if ((tmp= add_found_match_trig_cond(tab->first_upper, cond, root_tab))) tmp= new Item_func_trig_cond(tmp, &tab->found); if (tmp) { tmp->quick_fix_field(); tmp->update_used_tables(); } return tmp; } bool TABLE_LIST::is_active_sjm() { return sj_mat_info && sj_mat_info->is_used; } /** Fill in outer join related info for the execution plan structure. For each outer join operation left after simplification of the original query the function set up the following pointers in the linear structure join->join_tab representing the selected execution plan. The first inner table t0 for the operation is set to refer to the last inner table tk through the field t0->last_inner. Any inner table ti for the operation are set to refer to the first inner table ti->first_inner. The first inner table t0 for the operation is set to refer to the first inner table of the embedding outer join operation, if there is any, through the field t0->first_upper. The on expression for the outer join operation is attached to the corresponding first inner table through the field t0->on_expr_ref. Here ti are structures of the JOIN_TAB type. In other words, for each join tab, set - first_inner - last_inner - first_upper - on_expr_ref, cond_equal EXAMPLE. For the query: @code SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (t2, t3 LEFT JOIN t4 ON t3.a=t4.a) ON (t1.a=t2.a AND t1.b=t3.b) WHERE t1.c > 5, @endcode given the execution plan with the table order t1,t2,t3,t4 is selected, the following references will be set; t4->last_inner=[t4], t4->first_inner=[t4], t4->first_upper=[t2] t2->last_inner=[t4], t2->first_inner=t3->first_inner=[t2], on expression (t1.a=t2.a AND t1.b=t3.b) will be attached to *t2->on_expr_ref, while t3.a=t4.a will be attached to *t4->on_expr_ref. @param join reference to the info fully describing the query @note The function assumes that the simplification procedure has been already applied to the join query (see simplify_joins). This function can be called only after the execution plan has been chosen. */ static bool make_outerjoin_info(JOIN *join) { DBUG_ENTER("make_outerjoin_info"); /* Create temp. tables for merged SJ-Materialization nests. We need to do this now, because further code relies on tab->table and tab->table->pos_in_table_list being set. */ JOIN_TAB *tab; for (tab= first_linear_tab(join, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(join, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { if (tab->bush_children) { if (setup_sj_materialization_part1(tab)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); tab->table->reginfo.join_tab= tab; } } for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_linear_tab(join, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(join, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { TABLE *table= tab->table; TABLE_LIST *tbl= table->pos_in_table_list; TABLE_LIST *embedding= tbl->embedding; if (tbl->outer_join) { /* Table tab is the only one inner table for outer join. (Like table t4 for the table reference t3 LEFT JOIN t4 ON t3.a=t4.a is in the query above.) */ tab->last_inner= tab->first_inner= tab; tab->on_expr_ref= &tbl->on_expr; tab->cond_equal= tbl->cond_equal; if (embedding && !embedding->is_active_sjm()) tab->first_upper= embedding->nested_join->first_nested; } for ( ; embedding ; embedding= embedding->embedding) { if (embedding->is_active_sjm()) { /* We're trying to walk out of an SJ-Materialization nest. Don't do this. */ break; } /* Ignore sj-nests: */ if (!(embedding->on_expr && embedding->outer_join)) continue; NESTED_JOIN *nested_join= embedding->nested_join; if (!nested_join->counter) { /* Table tab is the first inner table for nested_join. Save reference to it in the nested join structure. */ nested_join->first_nested= tab; tab->on_expr_ref= &embedding->on_expr; tab->cond_equal= tbl->cond_equal; if (embedding->embedding) tab->first_upper= embedding->embedding->nested_join->first_nested; } if (!tab->first_inner) tab->first_inner= nested_join->first_nested; if (tab->table->reginfo.not_exists_optimize) tab->first_inner->table->reginfo.not_exists_optimize= 1; if (++nested_join->counter < nested_join->n_tables) break; /* Table tab is the last inner table for nested join. */ nested_join->first_nested->last_inner= tab; if (tab->first_inner->table->reginfo.not_exists_optimize) { for (JOIN_TAB *join_tab= tab->first_inner; join_tab <= tab; join_tab++) join_tab->table->reginfo.not_exists_optimize= 1; } } } DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } static bool make_join_select(JOIN *join,SQL_SELECT *select,COND *cond) { THD *thd= join->thd; DBUG_ENTER("make_join_select"); if (select) { add_not_null_conds(join); table_map used_tables; /* Step #1: Extract constant condition - Extract and check the constant part of the WHERE - Extract constant parts of ON expressions from outer joins and attach them appropriately. */ if (cond) /* Because of QUICK_GROUP_MIN_MAX_SELECT */ { /* there may be a select without a cond. */ if (join->table_count > 1) cond->update_used_tables(); // Tablenr may have changed if (join->const_tables == join->table_count && thd->lex->current_select->master_unit() == &thd->lex->unit) // not upper level SELECT join->const_table_map|=RAND_TABLE_BIT; /* Extract expressions that depend on constant tables 1. Const part of the join's WHERE clause can be checked immediately and if it is not satisfied then the join has empty result 2. Constant parts of outer joins' ON expressions must be attached there inside the triggers. */ { // Check const tables join->exec_const_cond= make_cond_for_table(thd, cond, join->const_table_map, (table_map) 0, -1, FALSE, FALSE); /* Add conditions added by add_not_null_conds(). */ for (uint i= 0 ; i < join->const_tables ; i++) add_cond_and_fix(thd, &join->exec_const_cond, join->join_tab[i].select_cond); DBUG_EXECUTE("where",print_where(join->exec_const_cond,"constants", QT_ORDINARY);); if (join->exec_const_cond && !join->exec_const_cond->is_expensive() && !join->exec_const_cond->val_int()) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("Found impossible WHERE condition")); join->exec_const_cond= NULL; DBUG_RETURN(1); // Impossible const condition } if (join->table_count != join->const_tables) { COND *outer_ref_cond= make_cond_for_table(thd, cond, join->const_table_map | OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT, OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT, -1, FALSE, FALSE); if (outer_ref_cond) { add_cond_and_fix(thd, &outer_ref_cond, join->outer_ref_cond); join->outer_ref_cond= outer_ref_cond; } } else { COND *pseudo_bits_cond= make_cond_for_table(thd, cond, join->const_table_map | PSEUDO_TABLE_BITS, PSEUDO_TABLE_BITS, -1, FALSE, FALSE); if (pseudo_bits_cond) { add_cond_and_fix(thd, &pseudo_bits_cond, join->pseudo_bits_cond); join->pseudo_bits_cond= pseudo_bits_cond; } } } } /* Step #2: Extract WHERE/ON parts */ table_map save_used_tables= 0; used_tables=((select->const_tables=join->const_table_map) | OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT | RAND_TABLE_BIT); JOIN_TAB *tab; table_map current_map; uint i= join->const_tables; for (tab= first_depth_first_tab(join); tab; tab= next_depth_first_tab(join, tab), i++) { bool is_hj; /* first_inner is the X in queries like: SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN (t2 JOIN t3) ON X */ JOIN_TAB *first_inner_tab= tab->first_inner; if (!tab->bush_children) current_map= tab->table->map; else current_map= tab->bush_children->start->emb_sj_nest->sj_inner_tables; bool use_quick_range=0; COND *tmp; /* Tables that are within SJ-Materialization nests cannot have their conditions referring to preceding non-const tables. - If we're looking at the first SJM table, reset used_tables to refer to only allowed tables */ if (tab->emb_sj_nest && tab->emb_sj_nest->sj_mat_info && tab->emb_sj_nest->sj_mat_info->is_used && !(used_tables & tab->emb_sj_nest->sj_inner_tables)) { save_used_tables= used_tables; used_tables= join->const_table_map | OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT | RAND_TABLE_BIT; } /* Following force including random expression in last table condition. It solve problem with select like SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE rand() > 0.5 */ if (tab == join->join_tab + join->top_join_tab_count - 1) current_map|= OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT | RAND_TABLE_BIT; used_tables|=current_map; if (tab->type == JT_REF && tab->quick && (((uint) tab->ref.key == tab->quick->index && tab->ref.key_length < tab->quick->max_used_key_length) || tab->table->intersect_keys.is_set(tab->ref.key))) { /* Range uses longer key; Use this instead of ref on key */ tab->type=JT_ALL; use_quick_range=1; tab->use_quick=1; tab->ref.key= -1; tab->ref.key_parts=0; // Don't use ref key. join->best_positions[i].records_read= rows2double(tab->quick->records); /* We will use join cache here : prevent sorting of the first table only and sort at the end. */ if (i != join->const_tables && join->table_count > join->const_tables + 1 && join->best_positions[i].use_join_buffer) join->full_join= 1; } tmp= NULL; if (cond) { if (tab->bush_children) { // Reached the materialization tab tmp= make_cond_after_sjm(cond, cond, save_used_tables, used_tables, /*inside_or_clause=*/FALSE); used_tables= save_used_tables | used_tables; save_used_tables= 0; } else { tmp= make_cond_for_table(thd, cond, used_tables, current_map, i, FALSE, FALSE); } /* Add conditions added by add_not_null_conds(). */ if (tab->select_cond) add_cond_and_fix(thd, &tmp, tab->select_cond); } is_hj= (tab->type == JT_REF || tab->type == JT_EQ_REF) && (join->allowed_join_cache_types & JOIN_CACHE_HASHED_BIT) && ((join->max_allowed_join_cache_level+1)/2 == 2 || ((join->max_allowed_join_cache_level+1)/2 > 2 && is_hash_join_key_no(tab->ref.key))) && (!tab->emb_sj_nest || join->allowed_semijoin_with_cache) && (!(tab->table->map & join->outer_join) || join->allowed_outer_join_with_cache); if (cond && !tmp && tab->quick) { // Outer join if (tab->type != JT_ALL && !is_hj) { /* Don't use the quick method We come here in the case where we have 'key=constant' and the test is removed by make_cond_for_table() */ delete tab->quick; tab->quick= 0; } else { /* Hack to handle the case where we only refer to a table in the ON part of an OUTER JOIN. In this case we want the code below to check if we should use 'quick' instead. */ DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Item_int")); tmp= new Item_int((longlong) 1,1); // Always true } } if (tmp || !cond || tab->type == JT_REF || tab->type == JT_REF_OR_NULL || tab->type == JT_EQ_REF || first_inner_tab) { DBUG_EXECUTE("where",print_where(tmp, tab->table? tab->table->alias.c_ptr() :"sjm-nest", QT_ORDINARY);); SQL_SELECT *sel= tab->select= ((SQL_SELECT*) thd->memdup((uchar*) select, sizeof(*select))); if (!sel) DBUG_RETURN(1); // End of memory /* If tab is an inner table of an outer join operation, add a match guard to the pushed down predicate. The guard will turn the predicate on only after the first match for outer tables is encountered. */ if (cond && tmp) { /* Because of QUICK_GROUP_MIN_MAX_SELECT there may be a select without a cond, so neutralize the hack above. */ if (!(tmp= add_found_match_trig_cond(first_inner_tab, tmp, 0))) DBUG_RETURN(1); sel->cond= tmp; tab->set_select_cond(tmp, __LINE__); /* Push condition to storage engine if this is enabled and the condition is not guarded */ if (tab->table) { tab->table->file->pushed_cond= NULL; if (((thd->variables.optimizer_switch & OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_ENGINE_CONDITION_PUSHDOWN) || (tab->table->file->ha_table_flags() & HA_MUST_USE_TABLE_CONDITION_PUSHDOWN)) && !first_inner_tab) { COND *push_cond= make_cond_for_table(thd, tmp, current_map, current_map, -1, FALSE, FALSE); if (push_cond) { /* Push condition to handler */ if (!tab->table->file->cond_push(push_cond)) tab->table->file->pushed_cond= push_cond; } } } } else { sel->cond= NULL; tab->set_select_cond(NULL, __LINE__); } sel->head=tab->table; DBUG_EXECUTE("where", print_where(tmp, tab->table ? tab->table->alias.c_ptr() : "(sjm-nest)", QT_ORDINARY);); if (tab->quick) { /* Use quick key read if it's a constant and it's not used with key reading */ if ((tab->needed_reg.is_clear_all() && tab->type != JT_EQ_REF && tab->type != JT_FT && ((tab->type != JT_CONST && tab->type != JT_REF) || (uint) tab->ref.key == tab->quick->index)) || is_hj) { DBUG_ASSERT(tab->quick->is_valid()); sel->quick=tab->quick; // Use value from get_quick_... sel->quick_keys.clear_all(); sel->needed_reg.clear_all(); } else { delete tab->quick; } tab->quick=0; } uint ref_key= sel->head? (uint) sel->head->reginfo.join_tab->ref.key+1 : 0; if (i == join->const_tables && ref_key) { if (!tab->const_keys.is_clear_all() && tab->table->reginfo.impossible_range) DBUG_RETURN(1); } else if (tab->type == JT_ALL && ! use_quick_range) { if (!tab->const_keys.is_clear_all() && tab->table->reginfo.impossible_range) DBUG_RETURN(1); // Impossible range /* We plan to scan all rows. Check again if we should use an index. We could have used an column from a previous table in the index if we are using limit and this is the first table */ if (!tab->table->is_filled_at_execution() && ((cond && (!tab->keys.is_subset(tab->const_keys) && i > 0)) || (!tab->const_keys.is_clear_all() && i == join->const_tables && join->unit->select_limit_cnt < join->best_positions[i].records_read && !(join->select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS)))) { /* Join with outer join condition */ COND *orig_cond=sel->cond; sel->cond= and_conds(sel->cond, *tab->on_expr_ref); /* We can't call sel->cond->fix_fields, as it will break tab->on_expr if it's AND condition (fix_fields currently removes extra AND/OR levels). Yet attributes of the just built condition are not needed. Thus we call sel->cond->quick_fix_field for safety. */ if (sel->cond && !sel->cond->fixed) sel->cond->quick_fix_field(); if (sel->test_quick_select(thd, tab->keys, ((used_tables & ~ current_map) | OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT), (join->select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS ? HA_POS_ERROR : join->unit->select_limit_cnt), 0, FALSE) < 0) { /* Before reporting "Impossible WHERE" for the whole query we have to check isn't it only "impossible ON" instead */ sel->cond=orig_cond; if (!*tab->on_expr_ref || sel->test_quick_select(thd, tab->keys, used_tables & ~ current_map, (join->select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS ? HA_POS_ERROR : join->unit->select_limit_cnt),0, FALSE) < 0) DBUG_RETURN(1); // Impossible WHERE } else sel->cond=orig_cond; /* Fix for EXPLAIN */ if (sel->quick) join->best_positions[i].records_read= (double)sel->quick->records; } else { sel->needed_reg=tab->needed_reg; sel->quick_keys.clear_all(); } if (!sel->quick_keys.is_subset(tab->checked_keys) || !sel->needed_reg.is_subset(tab->checked_keys)) { tab->keys=sel->quick_keys; tab->keys.merge(sel->needed_reg); tab->use_quick= (!sel->needed_reg.is_clear_all() && (select->quick_keys.is_clear_all() || (select->quick && (select->quick->records >= 100L)))) ? 2 : 1; sel->read_tables= used_tables & ~current_map; } if (i != join->const_tables && tab->use_quick != 2 && !tab->first_inner) { /* Read with cache */ if (tab->make_scan_filter()) DBUG_RETURN(1); } } } /* Push down conditions from all ON expressions. Each of these conditions are guarded by a variable that turns if off just before null complemented row for outer joins is formed. Thus, the condition from an 'on expression' are guaranteed not to be checked for the null complemented row. */ /* First push down constant conditions from ON expressions. - Each pushed-down condition is wrapped into trigger which is enabled only for non-NULL-complemented record - The condition is attached to the first_inner_table. With regards to join nests: - if we start at top level, don't walk into nests - if we start inside a nest, stay within that nest. */ JOIN_TAB *start_from= tab->bush_root_tab? tab->bush_root_tab->bush_children->start : join->join_tab + join->const_tables; JOIN_TAB *end_with= tab->bush_root_tab? tab->bush_root_tab->bush_children->end : join->join_tab + join->top_join_tab_count; for (JOIN_TAB *join_tab= start_from; join_tab != end_with; join_tab++) { if (*join_tab->on_expr_ref) { JOIN_TAB *cond_tab= join_tab->first_inner; COND *tmp= make_cond_for_table(thd, *join_tab->on_expr_ref, join->const_table_map, (table_map) 0, -1, FALSE, FALSE); if (!tmp) continue; tmp= new Item_func_trig_cond(tmp, &cond_tab->not_null_compl); if (!tmp) DBUG_RETURN(1); tmp->quick_fix_field(); cond_tab->select_cond= !cond_tab->select_cond ? tmp : new Item_cond_and(cond_tab->select_cond,tmp); if (!cond_tab->select_cond) DBUG_RETURN(1); cond_tab->select_cond->quick_fix_field(); cond_tab->select_cond->update_used_tables(); if (cond_tab->select) cond_tab->select->cond= cond_tab->select_cond; } } /* Push down non-constant conditions from ON expressions */ JOIN_TAB *last_tab= tab; /* while we're inside of an outer join and last_tab is the last of its tables ... */ while (first_inner_tab && first_inner_tab->last_inner == last_tab) { /* Table tab is the last inner table of an outer join. An on expression is always attached to it. */ COND *on_expr= *first_inner_tab->on_expr_ref; table_map used_tables2= (join->const_table_map | OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT | RAND_TABLE_BIT); start_from= tab->bush_root_tab? tab->bush_root_tab->bush_children->start : join->join_tab + join->const_tables; for (JOIN_TAB *tab= start_from; tab <= last_tab; tab++) { DBUG_ASSERT(tab->table); current_map= tab->table->map; used_tables2|= current_map; /* psergey: have put the -1 below. It's bad, will need to fix it. */ COND *tmp_cond= make_cond_for_table(thd, on_expr, used_tables2, current_map, /*(tab - first_tab)*/ -1, FALSE, FALSE); bool is_sjm_lookup_tab= FALSE; if (tab->bush_children) { /* 'tab' is an SJ-Materialization tab, i.e. we have a join order like this: ot1 sjm_tab LEFT JOIN ot2 ot3 ^ ^ 'tab'-+ +--- left join we're adding triggers for LEFT JOIN's ON expression may not have references to subquery columns. The subquery was in the WHERE clause, so IN-equality is in the WHERE clause, also. However, equality propagation code may have propagated the IN-equality into ON expression, and we may get things like subquery_inner_table=const in the ON expression. We must not check such conditions during SJM-lookup, because 1) subquery_inner_table has no valid current row (materialization temp.table has it instead), and 2) they would be true anyway. */ SJ_MATERIALIZATION_INFO *sjm= tab->bush_children->start->emb_sj_nest->sj_mat_info; if (sjm->is_used && !sjm->is_sj_scan) is_sjm_lookup_tab= TRUE; } if (tab == first_inner_tab && tab->on_precond && !is_sjm_lookup_tab) add_cond_and_fix(thd, &tmp_cond, tab->on_precond); if (tmp_cond && !is_sjm_lookup_tab) { JOIN_TAB *cond_tab= tab < first_inner_tab ? first_inner_tab : tab; Item **sel_cond_ref= tab < first_inner_tab ? &first_inner_tab->on_precond : &tab->select_cond; /* First add the guards for match variables of all embedding outer join operations. */ if (!(tmp_cond= add_found_match_trig_cond(cond_tab->first_inner, tmp_cond, first_inner_tab))) DBUG_RETURN(1); /* Now add the guard turning the predicate off for the null complemented row. */ DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Item_func_trig_cond")); tmp_cond= new Item_func_trig_cond(tmp_cond, &first_inner_tab-> not_null_compl); DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Item_func_trig_cond 0x%lx", (ulong) tmp_cond)); if (tmp_cond) tmp_cond->quick_fix_field(); /* Add the predicate to other pushed down predicates */ DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Item_cond_and")); *sel_cond_ref= !(*sel_cond_ref) ? tmp_cond : new Item_cond_and(*sel_cond_ref, tmp_cond); DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Item_cond_and 0x%lx", (ulong)(*sel_cond_ref))); if (!(*sel_cond_ref)) DBUG_RETURN(1); (*sel_cond_ref)->quick_fix_field(); (*sel_cond_ref)->update_used_tables(); if (cond_tab->select) cond_tab->select->cond= cond_tab->select_cond; } } first_inner_tab= first_inner_tab->first_upper; } } } DBUG_RETURN(0); } static uint get_next_field_for_derived_key(uchar *arg) { KEYUSE *keyuse= *(KEYUSE **) arg; if (!keyuse) return (uint) (-1); TABLE *table= keyuse->table; uint key= keyuse->key; uint fldno= keyuse->keypart; uint keypart= keyuse->keypart_map == (key_part_map) 1 ? 0 : (keyuse-1)->keypart+1; for ( ; keyuse->table == table && keyuse->key == key && keyuse->keypart == fldno; keyuse++) keyuse->keypart= keypart; if (keyuse->key != key) keyuse= 0; *((KEYUSE **) arg)= keyuse; return fldno; } static bool generate_derived_keys_for_table(KEYUSE *keyuse, uint count, uint keys) { TABLE *table= keyuse->table; if (table->alloc_keys(keys)) return TRUE; uint key_count= 0; KEYUSE *first_keyuse= keyuse; uint prev_part= keyuse->keypart; uint parts= 0; uint i= 0; for ( ; i < count && key_count < keys; ) { do { keyuse->key= table->s->keys; keyuse->keypart_map= (key_part_map) (1 << parts); keyuse++; i++; } while (i < count && keyuse->used_tables == first_keyuse->used_tables && keyuse->keypart == prev_part); parts++; if (i < count && keyuse->used_tables == first_keyuse->used_tables) { prev_part= keyuse->keypart; } else { if (table->add_tmp_key(table->s->keys, parts, get_next_field_for_derived_key, (uchar *) &first_keyuse, FALSE)) return TRUE; table->reginfo.join_tab->keys.set_bit(table->s->keys); first_keyuse= keyuse; key_count++; parts= 0; prev_part= keyuse->keypart; } } return FALSE; } static bool generate_derived_keys(DYNAMIC_ARRAY *keyuse_array) { KEYUSE *keyuse= dynamic_element(keyuse_array, 0, KEYUSE*); uint elements= keyuse_array->elements; TABLE *prev_table= 0; for (uint i= 0; i < elements; i++, keyuse++) { if (!keyuse->table) break; KEYUSE *first_table_keyuse= NULL; table_map last_used_tables= 0; uint count= 0; uint keys= 0; TABLE_LIST *derived= NULL; if (keyuse->table != prev_table) derived= keyuse->table->pos_in_table_list; while (derived && derived->is_materialized_derived()) { if (keyuse->table != prev_table) { prev_table= keyuse->table; while (keyuse->table == prev_table && keyuse->key != MAX_KEY) { keyuse++; i++; } if (keyuse->table != prev_table) { keyuse--; i--; derived= NULL; continue; } first_table_keyuse= keyuse; last_used_tables= keyuse->used_tables; count= 0; keys= 0; } else if (keyuse->used_tables != last_used_tables) { keys++; last_used_tables= keyuse->used_tables; } count++; keyuse++; i++; if (keyuse->table != prev_table) { if (generate_derived_keys_for_table(first_table_keyuse, count, ++keys)) return TRUE; keyuse--; i--; derived= NULL; } } } return FALSE; } /* @brief Drops unused keys for each materialized derived table/view @details For materialized derived tables only ref access can be used, it employs only one index, thus we don't need the rest. For each materialized derived table/view call TABLE::use_index to save one index chosen by the optimizer and free others. No key is chosen then all keys will be dropped. */ void JOIN::drop_unused_derived_keys() { JOIN_TAB *tab; for (tab= first_linear_tab(this, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(this, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { TABLE *table=tab->table; if (!table) continue; if (!table->pos_in_table_list->is_materialized_derived()) continue; if (table->max_keys > 1) table->use_index(tab->ref.key); if (table->s->keys) { if (tab->ref.key >= 0) tab->ref.key= 0; else table->s->keys= 0; } tab->keys= (key_map) (table->s->keys ? 1 : 0); } } /* Evaluate the bitmap of used tables for items from the select list */ inline void JOIN::eval_select_list_used_tables() { select_list_used_tables= 0; Item *item; List_iterator_fast it(fields_list); while ((item= it++)) { select_list_used_tables|= item->used_tables(); } Item_outer_ref *ref; List_iterator_fast ref_it(select_lex->inner_refs_list); while ((ref= ref_it++)) { item= ref->outer_ref; select_list_used_tables|= item->used_tables(); } } /* Determine {after which table we'll produce ordered set} SYNOPSIS make_join_orderinfo() join DESCRIPTION Determine if the set is already ordered for ORDER BY, so it can disable join cache because it will change the ordering of the results. Code handles sort table that is at any location (not only first after the const tables) despite the fact that it's currently prohibited. We must disable join cache if the first non-const table alone is ordered. If there is a temp table the ordering is done as a last operation and doesn't prevent join cache usage. RETURN Number of table after which the set will be ordered join->tables if we don't need an ordered set */ static uint make_join_orderinfo(JOIN *join) { /* This function needs to be fixed to take into account that we now have SJM nests. */ DBUG_ASSERT(0); JOIN_TAB *tab; if (join->need_tmp) return join->table_count; tab= join->get_sort_by_join_tab(); return tab ? tab-join->join_tab : join->table_count; } /* Deny usage of join buffer for the specified table SYNOPSIS set_join_cache_denial() tab join table for which join buffer usage is to be denied DESCRIPTION The function denies usage of join buffer when joining the table 'tab'. The table is marked as not employing any join buffer. If a join cache object has been already allocated for the table this object is destroyed. RETURN none */ static void set_join_cache_denial(JOIN_TAB *join_tab) { if (join_tab->cache) { /* If there is a previous cache linked to this cache through the next_cache pointer: remove the link. */ if (join_tab->cache->prev_cache) join_tab->cache->prev_cache->next_cache= 0; /* No need to do the same for next_cache since cache denial is done backwards starting from the latest cache in the linked list (see revise_cache_usage()). */ DBUG_ASSERT(!join_tab->cache->next_cache); join_tab->cache->free(); join_tab->cache= 0; } if (join_tab->use_join_cache) { join_tab->use_join_cache= FALSE; join_tab->used_join_cache_level= 0; /* It could be only sub_select(). It could not be sub_seject_sjm because we don't do join buffering for the first table in sjm nest. */ join_tab[-1].next_select= sub_select; if (join_tab->type == JT_REF && join_tab->is_ref_for_hash_join()) { join_tab->type= JT_ALL; join_tab->ref.key_parts= 0; } join_tab->join->return_tab= join_tab; } } /** The default implementation of unlock-row method of READ_RECORD, used in all access methods. */ void rr_unlock_row(st_join_table *tab) { READ_RECORD *info= &tab->read_record; info->table->file->unlock_row(); } /** Pick the appropriate access method functions Sets the functions for the selected table access method @param tab Table reference to put access method */ static void pick_table_access_method(JOIN_TAB *tab) { switch (tab->type) { case JT_REF: tab->read_first_record= join_read_always_key; tab->read_record.read_record= join_read_next_same; break; case JT_REF_OR_NULL: tab->read_first_record= join_read_always_key_or_null; tab->read_record.read_record= join_read_next_same_or_null; break; case JT_CONST: tab->read_first_record= join_read_const; tab->read_record.read_record= join_no_more_records; break; case JT_EQ_REF: tab->read_first_record= join_read_key; tab->read_record.read_record= join_no_more_records; break; case JT_FT: tab->read_first_record= join_ft_read_first; tab->read_record.read_record= join_ft_read_next; break; case JT_SYSTEM: tab->read_first_record= join_read_system; tab->read_record.read_record= join_no_more_records; break; /* keep gcc happy */ default: break; } } /* Revise usage of join buffer for the specified table and the whole nest SYNOPSIS revise_cache_usage() tab join table for which join buffer usage is to be revised DESCRIPTION The function revise the decision to use a join buffer for the table 'tab'. If this table happened to be among the inner tables of a nested outer join/ semi-join the functions denies usage of join buffers for all of them RETURN none */ static void revise_cache_usage(JOIN_TAB *join_tab) { JOIN_TAB *tab; JOIN_TAB *first_inner; if (join_tab->first_inner) { JOIN_TAB *end_tab= join_tab; for (first_inner= join_tab->first_inner; first_inner; first_inner= first_inner->first_upper) { for (tab= end_tab; tab >= first_inner; tab--) set_join_cache_denial(tab); end_tab= first_inner; } } else if (join_tab->first_sj_inner_tab) { first_inner= join_tab->first_sj_inner_tab; for (tab= join_tab; tab >= first_inner; tab--) { set_join_cache_denial(tab); } } else set_join_cache_denial(join_tab); } /* end_select-compatible function that writes the record into a sjm temptable SYNOPSIS end_sj_materialize() join The join join_tab Points to right after the last join_tab in materialization bush end_of_records FALSE <=> This call is made to pass another record combination TRUE <=> EOF (no action) DESCRIPTION This function is used by semi-join materialization to capture suquery's resultset and write it into the temptable (that is, materialize it). NOTE This function is used only for semi-join materialization. Non-semijoin materialization uses different mechanism. RETURN NESTED_LOOP_OK NESTED_LOOP_ERROR */ enum_nested_loop_state end_sj_materialize(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, bool end_of_records) { int error; THD *thd= join->thd; SJ_MATERIALIZATION_INFO *sjm= join_tab[-1].emb_sj_nest->sj_mat_info; DBUG_ENTER("end_sj_materialize"); if (!end_of_records) { TABLE *table= sjm->table; List_iterator it(sjm->sjm_table_cols); Item *item; while ((item= it++)) { if (item->is_null()) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } fill_record(thd, table->field, sjm->sjm_table_cols, TRUE, FALSE); if (thd->is_error()) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ if ((error= table->file->ha_write_tmp_row(table->record[0]))) { /* create_myisam_from_heap will generate error if needed */ if (table->file->is_fatal_error(error, HA_CHECK_DUP) && create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap(thd, table, sjm->sjm_table_param.start_recinfo, &sjm->sjm_table_param.recinfo, error, 1)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ } } DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } /* Check whether a join buffer can be used to join the specified table SYNOPSIS check_join_cache_usage() tab joined table to check join buffer usage for options options of the join no_jbuf_after don't use join buffering after table with this number prev_tab previous join table DESCRIPTION The function finds out whether the table 'tab' can be joined using a join buffer. This check is performed after the best execution plan for 'join' has been chosen. If the function decides that a join buffer can be employed then it selects the most appropriate join cache object that contains this join buffer. The result of the check and the type of the the join buffer to be used depend on: - the access method to access rows of the joined table - whether the join table is an inner table of an outer join or semi-join - whether the optimizer switches outer_join_with_cache, semijoin_with_cache, join_cache_incremental, join_cache_hashed, join_cache_bka, are set on or off - the join cache level set for the query - the join 'options'. In any case join buffer is not used if the number of the joined table is greater than 'no_jbuf_after'. It's also never used if the value of join_cache_level is equal to 0. If the optimizer switch outer_join_with_cache is off no join buffer is used for outer join operations. If the optimizer switch semijoin_with_cache is off no join buffer is used for semi-join operations. If the optimizer switch join_cache_incremental is off no incremental join buffers are used. If the optimizer switch join_cache_hashed is off then the optimizer uses neither BNLH algorithm, nor BKAH algorithm to perform join operations. If the optimizer switch join_cache_bka is off then the optimizer uses neither BKA algorithm, nor BKAH algorithm to perform join operation. The valid settings for join_cache_level lay in the interval 0..8. If it set to 0 no join buffers are used to perform join operations. Currently we differentiate between join caches of 8 levels: 1 : non-incremental join cache used for BNL join algorithm 2 : incremental join cache used for BNL join algorithm 3 : non-incremental join cache used for BNLH join algorithm 4 : incremental join cache used for BNLH join algorithm 5 : non-incremental join cache used for BKA join algorithm 6 : incremental join cache used for BKA join algorithm 7 : non-incremental join cache used for BKAH join algorithm 8 : incremental join cache used for BKAH join algorithm If the value of join_cache_level is set to n then no join caches of levels higher than n can be employed. If the optimizer switches outer_join_with_cache, semijoin_with_cache, join_cache_incremental, join_cache_hashed, join_cache_bka are all on the following rules are applied. If join_cache_level==1|2 then join buffer is used for inner joins, outer joins and semi-joins with 'JT_ALL' access method. In this case a JOIN_CACHE_BNL object is employed. If join_cache_level==3|4 and then join buffer is used for a join operation (inner join, outer join, semi-join) with 'JT_REF'/'JT_EQREF' access method then a JOIN_CACHE_BNLH object is employed. If an index is used to access rows of the joined table and the value of join_cache_level==5|6 then a JOIN_CACHE_BKA object is employed. If an index is used to access rows of the joined table and the value of join_cache_level==7|8 then a JOIN_CACHE_BKAH object is employed. If the value of join_cache_level is odd then creation of a non-linked join cache is forced. Currently for any join operation a join cache of the level of the highest allowed and applicable level is used. For example, if join_cache_level is set to 6 and the optimizer switch join_cache_bka is off, while the optimizer switch join_cache_hashed is on then for any inner join operation with JT_REF/JT_EQREF access method to the joined table the BNLH join algorithm will be used, while for the table accessed by the JT_ALL methods the BNL algorithm will be used. If the function decides that a join buffer can be used to join the table 'tab' then it sets the value of tab->use_join_buffer to TRUE and assigns the selected join cache object to the field 'cache' of the previous join table. If the function creates a join cache object it tries to initialize it. The failure to do this results in an invocation of the function that destructs the created object. If the function decides that but some reasons no join buffer can be used for a table it calls the function revise_cache_usage that checks whether join cache should be denied for some previous tables. In this case a pointer to the first table for which join cache usage has been denied is passed in join->return_val (see the function set_join_cache_denial). The functions changes the value the fields tab->icp_other_tables_ok and tab->idx_cond_fact_out to FALSE if the chosen join cache algorithm requires it. NOTES An inner table of a nested outer join or a nested semi-join can be currently joined only when a linked cache object is employed. In these cases setting join_cache_incremental to 'off' results in denial of usage of any join buffer when joining the table. For a nested outer join/semi-join, currently, we either use join buffers for all inner tables or for none of them. Some engines (e.g. Falcon) currently allow to use only a join cache of the type JOIN_CACHE_BKAH when the joined table is accessed through an index. For these engines setting the value of join_cache_level to 5 or 6 results in that no join buffer is used to join the table. RETURN VALUE cache level if cache is used, otherwise returns 0 TODO Support BKA inside SJ-Materialization nests. When doing this, we'll need to only store sj-inner tables in the join buffer. #if 0 JOIN_TAB *first_tab= join->join_tab+join->const_tables; uint n_tables= i-join->const_tables; / * We normally put all preceding tables into the join buffer, except for the constant tables. If we're inside a semi-join materialization nest, e.g. outer_tbl1 outer_tbl2 ( inner_tbl1, inner_tbl2 ) ... ^-- we're here then we need to put into the join buffer only the tables from within the nest. * / if (i >= first_sjm_table && i < last_sjm_table) { n_tables= i - first_sjm_table; // will be >0 if we got here first_tab= join->join_tab + first_sjm_table; } #endif */ static uint check_join_cache_usage(JOIN_TAB *tab, ulonglong options, uint no_jbuf_after, uint table_index, JOIN_TAB *prev_tab) { COST_VECT cost; uint flags= 0; ha_rows rows= 0; uint bufsz= 4096; JOIN_CACHE *prev_cache=0; JOIN *join= tab->join; uint cache_level= tab->used_join_cache_level; bool force_unlinked_cache= !(join->allowed_join_cache_types & JOIN_CACHE_INCREMENTAL_BIT); bool no_hashed_cache= !(join->allowed_join_cache_types & JOIN_CACHE_HASHED_BIT); bool no_bka_cache= !(join->allowed_join_cache_types & JOIN_CACHE_BKA_BIT); join->return_tab= 0; /* Don't use join cache if @@join_cache_level==0 or this table is the first one join suborder (either at top level or inside a bush) */ if (cache_level == 0 || !prev_tab) return 0; if (force_unlinked_cache && (cache_level%2 == 0)) cache_level--; if (options & SELECT_NO_JOIN_CACHE) goto no_join_cache; if (tab->use_quick == 2) goto no_join_cache; if (tab->table->map & join->complex_firstmatch_tables) goto no_join_cache; /* Don't use join cache if we're inside a join tab range covered by LooseScan strategy (TODO: LooseScan is very similar to FirstMatch so theoretically it should be possible to use join buffering in the same way we're using it for multi-table firstmatch ranges). */ if (tab->inside_loosescan_range) goto no_join_cache; if (tab->is_inner_table_of_semijoin() && !join->allowed_semijoin_with_cache) goto no_join_cache; if (tab->is_inner_table_of_outer_join() && !join->allowed_outer_join_with_cache) goto no_join_cache; /* Non-linked join buffers can't guarantee one match */ if (tab->is_nested_inner()) { if (force_unlinked_cache || cache_level == 1) goto no_join_cache; if (cache_level & 1) cache_level--; } /* Don't use join buffering if we're dictated not to by no_jbuf_after (This is not meaningfully used currently) */ if (table_index > no_jbuf_after) goto no_join_cache; /* TODO: BNL join buffer should be perfectly ok with tab->bush_children. */ if (tab->loosescan_match_tab || tab->bush_children) goto no_join_cache; for (JOIN_TAB *first_inner= tab->first_inner; first_inner; first_inner= first_inner->first_upper) { if (first_inner != tab && (!first_inner->use_join_cache || !(tab-1)->use_join_cache)) goto no_join_cache; } if (tab->first_sj_inner_tab && tab->first_sj_inner_tab != tab && (!tab->first_sj_inner_tab->use_join_cache || !(tab-1)->use_join_cache)) goto no_join_cache; if (!prev_tab->use_join_cache) { /* Check whether table tab and the previous one belong to the same nest of inner tables and if so do not use join buffer when joining table tab. */ if (tab->first_inner && tab != tab->first_inner) { for (JOIN_TAB *first_inner= tab[-1].first_inner; first_inner; first_inner= first_inner->first_upper) { if (first_inner == tab->first_inner) goto no_join_cache; } } else if (tab->first_sj_inner_tab && tab != tab->first_sj_inner_tab && tab->first_sj_inner_tab == tab[-1].first_sj_inner_tab) goto no_join_cache; } prev_cache= prev_tab->cache; switch (tab->type) { case JT_ALL: if (cache_level == 1) prev_cache= 0; if ((tab->cache= new JOIN_CACHE_BNL(join, tab, prev_cache)) && ((options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) || !tab->cache->init())) { tab->icp_other_tables_ok= FALSE; return (2-test(!prev_cache)); } goto no_join_cache; case JT_SYSTEM: case JT_CONST: case JT_REF: case JT_EQ_REF: if (cache_level <=2 || (no_hashed_cache && no_bka_cache)) goto no_join_cache; if (tab->ref.is_access_triggered()) goto no_join_cache; if (!tab->is_ref_for_hash_join()) { flags= HA_MRR_NO_NULL_ENDPOINTS | HA_MRR_SINGLE_POINT; if (tab->table->covering_keys.is_set(tab->ref.key)) flags|= HA_MRR_INDEX_ONLY; rows= tab->table->file->multi_range_read_info(tab->ref.key, 10, 20, tab->ref.key_parts, &bufsz, &flags, &cost); } if ((cache_level <=4 && !no_hashed_cache) || no_bka_cache || tab->is_ref_for_hash_join() || ((flags & HA_MRR_NO_ASSOCIATION) && cache_level <=6)) { if (!tab->hash_join_is_possible() || tab->make_scan_filter()) goto no_join_cache; if (cache_level == 3) prev_cache= 0; if ((tab->cache= new JOIN_CACHE_BNLH(join, tab, prev_cache)) && ((options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) || !tab->cache->init())) { tab->icp_other_tables_ok= FALSE; return (4-test(!prev_cache)); } goto no_join_cache; } if (cache_level > 4 && no_bka_cache) goto no_join_cache; if ((flags & HA_MRR_NO_ASSOCIATION) && (cache_level <= 6 || no_hashed_cache)) goto no_join_cache; if ((rows != HA_POS_ERROR) && !(flags & HA_MRR_USE_DEFAULT_IMPL)) { if (cache_level <= 6 || no_hashed_cache) { if (cache_level == 5) prev_cache= 0; if ((tab->cache= new JOIN_CACHE_BKA(join, tab, flags, prev_cache)) && ((options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) || !tab->cache->init())) return (6-test(!prev_cache)); goto no_join_cache; } else { if (cache_level == 7) prev_cache= 0; if ((tab->cache= new JOIN_CACHE_BKAH(join, tab, flags, prev_cache)) && ((options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) || !tab->cache->init())) { tab->idx_cond_fact_out= FALSE; return (8-test(!prev_cache)); } goto no_join_cache; } } goto no_join_cache; default : ; } no_join_cache: if (tab->type != JT_ALL && tab->is_ref_for_hash_join()) { tab->type= JT_ALL; tab->ref.key_parts= 0; } revise_cache_usage(tab); return 0; } /* Check whether join buffers can be used to join tables of a join SYNOPSIS check_join_cache_usage() join join whose tables are to be checked options options of the join no_jbuf_after don't use join buffering after table with this number (The tables are assumed to be numbered in first_linear_tab(join, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES), next_linear_tab(join, WITH_CONST_TABLES) order). DESCRIPTION For each table after the first non-constant table the function checks whether the table can be joined using a join buffer. If the function decides that a join buffer can be employed then it selects the most appropriate join cache object that contains this join buffer whose level is not greater than join_cache_level set for the join. To make this check the function calls the function check_join_cache_usage for every non-constant table. NOTES In some situations (e.g. for nested outer joins, for nested semi-joins) only incremental buffers can be used. If it turns out that for some inner table no join buffer can be used then any inner table of an outer/semi-join nest cannot use join buffer. In the case when already chosen buffer must be denied for a table the function recalls check_join_cache_usage() starting from this table. The pointer to the table from which the check has to be restarted is returned in join->return_val (see the description of check_join_cache_usage). */ void check_join_cache_usage_for_tables(JOIN *join, ulonglong options, uint no_jbuf_after) { JOIN_TAB *tab; JOIN_TAB *prev_tab; for (tab= first_linear_tab(join, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(join, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { tab->used_join_cache_level= join->max_allowed_join_cache_level; } uint idx= join->const_tables; for (tab= first_linear_tab(join, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(join, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { restart: tab->icp_other_tables_ok= TRUE; tab->idx_cond_fact_out= TRUE; /* Check if we have a preceding join_tab, as something that will feed us records that we could buffer. We don't have it, if - this is the first non-const table in the join order, - this is the first table inside an SJM nest. */ prev_tab= tab - 1; if (tab == join->join_tab + join->const_tables || (tab->bush_root_tab && tab->bush_root_tab->bush_children->start == tab)) prev_tab= NULL; switch (tab->type) { case JT_SYSTEM: case JT_CONST: case JT_EQ_REF: case JT_REF: case JT_REF_OR_NULL: case JT_ALL: tab->used_join_cache_level= check_join_cache_usage(tab, options, no_jbuf_after, idx, prev_tab); tab->use_join_cache= test(tab->used_join_cache_level); /* psergey-merge: todo: raise the question that this is really stupid that we can first allocate a join buffer, then decide not to use it and free it. */ if (join->return_tab) { tab= join->return_tab; goto restart; } break; default: tab->used_join_cache_level= 0; } if (!tab->bush_children) idx++; } } /* Plan refinement stage: do various setup things for the executor SYNOPSIS make_join_readinfo() join Join being processed options Join's options (checking for SELECT_DESCRIBE, SELECT_NO_JOIN_CACHE) no_jbuf_after Don't use join buffering after table with this number. DESCRIPTION Plan refinement stage: do various set ups for the executioner - set up use of join buffering - push index conditions - increment relevant counters - etc RETURN FALSE - OK TRUE - Out of memory */ static bool make_join_readinfo(JOIN *join, ulonglong options, uint no_jbuf_after) { JOIN_TAB *tab; uint i; DBUG_ENTER("make_join_readinfo"); bool statistics= test(!(join->select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE)); bool sorted= 1; join->complex_firstmatch_tables= table_map(0); if (!join->select_lex->sj_nests.is_empty() && setup_semijoin_dups_elimination(join, options, no_jbuf_after)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); /* purecov: inspected */ /* For const tables, set partial_join_cardinality to 1. */ for (tab= join->join_tab; tab != join->join_tab + join->const_tables; tab++) tab->partial_join_cardinality= 1; JOIN_TAB *prev_tab= NULL; for (tab= first_linear_tab(join, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES), i= join->const_tables; tab; prev_tab=tab, tab= next_linear_tab(join, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { /* The approximation below for partial join cardinality is not good because - it does not take into account some pushdown predicates - it does not differentiate between inner joins, outer joins and semi-joins. Later it should be improved. */ if (tab->bush_root_tab && tab->bush_root_tab->bush_children->start == tab) prev_tab= NULL; DBUG_ASSERT(tab->bush_children || tab->table == join->best_positions[i].table->table); tab->partial_join_cardinality= join->best_positions[i].records_read * (prev_tab? prev_tab->partial_join_cardinality : 1); if (!tab->bush_children) i++; } check_join_cache_usage_for_tables(join, options, no_jbuf_after); JOIN_TAB *first_tab; for (tab= first_tab= first_linear_tab(join, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(join, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { if (tab->bush_children) { if (setup_sj_materialization_part2(tab)) return TRUE; } TABLE *table=tab->table; uint jcl= tab->used_join_cache_level; tab->read_record.table= table; tab->read_record.unlock_row= rr_unlock_row; tab->sorted= sorted; sorted= 0; // only first must be sorted /* We should not set tab->next_select for the last table in the SMJ-nest, as setup_sj_materialization() has already set it to end_sj_materialize. */ if (!(tab->bush_root_tab && tab->bush_root_tab->bush_children->end == tab + 1)) { tab->next_select=sub_select; /* normal select */ } if (tab->loosescan_match_tab) { if (!(tab->loosescan_buf= (uchar*)join->thd->alloc(tab-> loosescan_key_len))) return TRUE; /* purecov: inspected */ tab->sorted= TRUE; } table->status=STATUS_NO_RECORD; pick_table_access_method (tab); if (jcl) tab[-1].next_select=sub_select_cache; if (tab->cache && tab->cache->get_join_alg() == JOIN_CACHE::BNLH_JOIN_ALG) tab->type= JT_HASH; switch (tab->type) { case JT_SYSTEM: // Only happens with left join case JT_CONST: // Only happens with left join /* Only happens with outer joins */ tab->read_first_record= tab->type == JT_SYSTEM ? join_read_system :join_read_const; if (table->covering_keys.is_set(tab->ref.key) && !table->no_keyread) { table->key_read=1; table->file->extra(HA_EXTRA_KEYREAD); } else if ((!jcl || jcl > 4) && !tab->ref.is_access_triggered()) push_index_cond(tab, tab->ref.key); break; case JT_EQ_REF: tab->read_record.unlock_row= join_read_key_unlock_row; /* fall through */ if (table->covering_keys.is_set(tab->ref.key) && !table->no_keyread) { table->key_read=1; table->file->extra(HA_EXTRA_KEYREAD); } else if ((!jcl || jcl > 4) && !tab->ref.is_access_triggered()) push_index_cond(tab, tab->ref.key); break; case JT_REF_OR_NULL: case JT_REF: if (tab->select) { delete tab->select->quick; tab->select->quick=0; } delete tab->quick; tab->quick=0; if (table->covering_keys.is_set(tab->ref.key) && !table->no_keyread) table->enable_keyread(); else if ((!jcl || jcl > 4) && !tab->ref.is_access_triggered()) push_index_cond(tab, tab->ref.key); break; case JT_ALL: case JT_HASH: /* If previous table use cache If the incoming data set is already sorted don't use cache. Also don't use cache if this is the first table in semi-join materialization nest. */ /* These init changes read_record */ if (tab->use_quick == 2) { join->thd->server_status|=SERVER_QUERY_NO_GOOD_INDEX_USED; tab->read_first_record= join_init_quick_read_record; if (statistics) status_var_increment(join->thd->status_var.select_range_check_count); } else { if (!tab->bush_children) tab->read_first_record= join_init_read_record; if (tab == first_tab) { if (tab->select && tab->select->quick) { if (statistics) status_var_increment(join->thd->status_var.select_range_count); } else { join->thd->server_status|=SERVER_QUERY_NO_INDEX_USED; if (statistics) { status_var_increment(join->thd->status_var.select_scan_count); join->thd->query_plan_flags|= QPLAN_FULL_SCAN; } } } else { if (tab->select && tab->select->quick) { if (statistics) status_var_increment(join->thd->status_var. select_full_range_join_count); } else { join->thd->server_status|=SERVER_QUERY_NO_INDEX_USED; if (statistics) { status_var_increment(join->thd->status_var. select_full_join_count); join->thd->query_plan_flags|= QPLAN_FULL_JOIN; } } } if (!table->no_keyread) { if (tab->select && tab->select->quick && tab->select->quick->index != MAX_KEY && //not index_merge table->covering_keys.is_set(tab->select->quick->index)) table->enable_keyread(); else if (!table->covering_keys.is_clear_all() && !(tab->select && tab->select->quick)) { // Only read index tree #ifdef BAD_OPTIMIZATION /* It has turned out that the below change, while speeding things up for disk-bound loads, slows them down for cases when the data is in disk cache (see BUG#35850): See bug #26447: "Using the clustered index for a table scan is always faster than using a secondary index". */ if (table->s->primary_key != MAX_KEY && table->file->primary_key_is_clustered()) tab->index= table->s->primary_key; else #endif tab->index=find_shortest_key(table, & table->covering_keys); tab->read_first_record= join_read_first; /* Read with index_first / index_next */ tab->type= tab->type == JT_ALL ? JT_NEXT : JT_HASH_NEXT; } } if (tab->select && tab->select->quick && tab->select->quick->index != MAX_KEY && ! tab->table->key_read) push_index_cond(tab, tab->select->quick->index); } break; case JT_FT: break; /* purecov: begin deadcode */ default: DBUG_PRINT("error",("Table type %d found",tab->type)); break; case JT_UNKNOWN: case JT_MAYBE_REF: abort(); /* purecov: end */ } } uint n_top_tables= join->join_tab_ranges.head()->end - join->join_tab_ranges.head()->start; join->join_tab[n_top_tables - 1].next_select=0; /* Set by do_select */ /* If a join buffer is used to join a table the ordering by an index for the first non-constant table cannot be employed anymore. */ for (tab= join->join_tab + join->const_tables ; tab != join->join_tab + n_top_tables ; tab++) { if (tab->use_join_cache) { JOIN_TAB *sort_by_tab= join->group && join->simple_group && join->group_list ? join->join_tab+join->const_tables : join->get_sort_by_join_tab(); if (sort_by_tab) { join->need_tmp= 1; join->simple_order= join->simple_group= 0; if (sort_by_tab->type == JT_NEXT && !sort_by_tab->table->covering_keys.is_set(sort_by_tab->index)) { sort_by_tab->type= JT_ALL; sort_by_tab->read_first_record= join_init_read_record; } else if (sort_by_tab->type == JT_HASH_NEXT && !sort_by_tab->table->covering_keys.is_set(sort_by_tab->index)) { sort_by_tab->type= JT_HASH; sort_by_tab->read_first_record= join_init_read_record; } } break; } } DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /** Give error if we some tables are done with a full join. This is used by multi_table_update and multi_table_delete when running in safe mode. @param join Join condition @retval 0 ok @retval 1 Error (full join used) */ bool error_if_full_join(JOIN *join) { for (JOIN_TAB *tab=first_top_level_tab(join, WITH_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_top_level_tab(join, tab)) { if (tab->type == JT_ALL && (!tab->select || !tab->select->quick)) { my_message(ER_UPDATE_WITHOUT_KEY_IN_SAFE_MODE, ER(ER_UPDATE_WITHOUT_KEY_IN_SAFE_MODE), MYF(0)); return(1); } } return(0); } /** cleanup JOIN_TAB. DESCRIPTION This is invoked when we've finished all join executions. */ void JOIN_TAB::cleanup() { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN_TAB::cleanup"); DBUG_PRINT("enter", ("table %s.%s", (table ? table->s->db.str : "?"), (table ? table->s->table_name.str : "?"))); delete select; select= 0; delete quick; quick= 0; if (cache) { cache->free(); cache= 0; } limit= 0; if (table) { table->disable_keyread(); table->file->ha_index_or_rnd_end(); preread_init_done= FALSE; if (table->pos_in_table_list && table->pos_in_table_list->jtbm_subselect) { if (table->pos_in_table_list->jtbm_subselect->is_jtbm_const_tab) { free_tmp_table(join->thd, table); table= NULL; } else { end_read_record(&read_record); table->pos_in_table_list->jtbm_subselect->cleanup(); /* The above call freed the materializedd temptable. Set it to NULL so that we don't attempt to touch it if JOIN_TAB::cleanup() is invoked multiple times (it may be) */ table=NULL; } DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /* We need to reset this for next select (Tested in part_of_refkey) */ table->reginfo.join_tab= 0; } end_read_record(&read_record); DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /** Estimate the time to get rows of the joined table */ double JOIN_TAB::scan_time() { double res; if (table->created) { if (table->is_filled_at_execution()) { get_delayed_table_estimates(table, &records, &read_time, &startup_cost); found_records= records; table->quick_condition_rows= records; } else { found_records= records= table->file->stats.records; read_time= table->file->scan_time(); /* table->quick_condition_rows has already been set to table->file->stats.records */ } res= read_time; } else { found_records= records=table->file->stats.records; read_time= found_records ? (double)found_records: 10.0;// TODO:fix this stub res= read_time; } return res; } /** Estimate the number of rows that a an access method will read from a table. @todo: why not use JOIN_TAB::found_records */ ha_rows JOIN_TAB::get_examined_rows() { ha_rows examined_rows; if (select && select->quick) examined_rows= select->quick->records; else if (type == JT_NEXT || type == JT_ALL || type == JT_HASH || type ==JT_HASH_NEXT) { if (limit) { /* @todo This estimate is wrong, a LIMIT query may examine much more rows than the LIMIT itself. */ examined_rows= limit; } else { if (table->is_filled_at_execution()) examined_rows= records; else { /* handler->info(HA_STATUS_VARIABLE) has been called in make_join_statistics() */ examined_rows= table->file->stats.records; } } } else examined_rows= (ha_rows) records_read; return examined_rows; } /** Initialize the join_tab before reading. Currently only derived table/view materialization is done here. TODO: consider moving this together with join_tab_execution_startup */ bool JOIN_TAB::preread_init() { TABLE_LIST *derived= table->pos_in_table_list; if (!derived || !derived->is_materialized_derived()) { preread_init_done= TRUE; return FALSE; } /* Materialize derived table/view. */ if (!derived->get_unit()->executed && mysql_handle_single_derived(join->thd->lex, derived, DT_CREATE | DT_FILL)) return TRUE; preread_init_done= TRUE; if (select && select->quick) select->quick->replace_handler(table->file); /* init ftfuns for just initialized derived table */ if (table->fulltext_searched) init_ftfuncs(join->thd, join->select_lex, test(join->order)); return FALSE; } /** Build a TABLE_REF structure for index lookup in the temporary table @param thd Thread handle @param tmp_key The temporary table key @param it The iterator of items for lookup in the key @param skip Number of fields from the beginning to skip @details Build TABLE_REF object for lookup in the key 'tmp_key' using items accessible via item iterator 'it'. @retval TRUE Error @retval FALSE OK */ bool TABLE_REF::tmp_table_index_lookup_init(THD *thd, KEY *tmp_key, Item_iterator &it, bool value, uint skip) { uint tmp_key_parts= tmp_key->key_parts; uint i; DBUG_ENTER("TABLE_REF::tmp_table_index_lookup_init"); key= 0; /* The only temp table index. */ key_length= tmp_key->key_length; if (!(key_buff= (uchar*) thd->calloc(ALIGN_SIZE(tmp_key->key_length) * 2)) || !(key_copy= (store_key**) thd->alloc((sizeof(store_key*) * (tmp_key_parts + 1)))) || !(items= (Item**) thd->alloc(sizeof(Item*) * tmp_key_parts))) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); key_buff2= key_buff + ALIGN_SIZE(tmp_key->key_length); KEY_PART_INFO *cur_key_part= tmp_key->key_part; store_key **ref_key= key_copy; uchar *cur_ref_buff= key_buff; it.open(); for (i= 0; i < skip; i++) it.next(); for (i= 0; i < tmp_key_parts; i++, cur_key_part++, ref_key++) { Item *item= it.next(); DBUG_ASSERT(item); items[i]= item; int null_count= test(cur_key_part->field->real_maybe_null()); *ref_key= new store_key_item(thd, cur_key_part->field, /* TIMOUR: the NULL byte is taken into account in cur_key_part->store_length, so instead of cur_ref_buff + test(maybe_null), we could use that information instead. */ cur_ref_buff + null_count, null_count ? cur_ref_buff : 0, cur_key_part->length, items[i], value); cur_ref_buff+= cur_key_part->store_length; } *ref_key= NULL; /* End marker. */ key_err= 1; key_parts= tmp_key_parts; DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /* Check if ref access uses "Full scan on NULL key" (i.e. it actually alternates between ref access and full table scan) */ bool TABLE_REF::is_access_triggered() { for (uint i = 0; i < key_parts; i++) { if (cond_guards[i]) return TRUE; } return FALSE; } /** Partially cleanup JOIN after it has executed: close index or rnd read (table cursors), free quick selects. This function is called in the end of execution of a JOIN, before the used tables are unlocked and closed. For a join that is resolved using a temporary table, the first sweep is performed against actual tables and an intermediate result is inserted into the temprorary table. The last sweep is performed against the temporary table. Therefore, the base tables and associated buffers used to fill the temporary table are no longer needed, and this function is called to free them. For a join that is performed without a temporary table, this function is called after all rows are sent, but before EOF packet is sent. For a simple SELECT with no subqueries this function performs a full cleanup of the JOIN and calls mysql_unlock_read_tables to free used base tables. If a JOIN is executed for a subquery or if it has a subquery, we can't do the full cleanup and need to do a partial cleanup only. - If a JOIN is not the top level join, we must not unlock the tables because the outer select may not have been evaluated yet, and we can't unlock only selected tables of a query. - Additionally, if this JOIN corresponds to a correlated subquery, we should not free quick selects and join buffers because they will be needed for the next execution of the correlated subquery. - However, if this is a JOIN for a [sub]select, which is not a correlated subquery itself, but has subqueries, we can free it fully and also free JOINs of all its subqueries. The exception is a subquery in SELECT list, e.g: @n SELECT a, (select max(b) from t1) group by c @n This subquery will not be evaluated at first sweep and its value will not be inserted into the temporary table. Instead, it's evaluated when selecting from the temporary table. Therefore, it can't be freed here even though it's not correlated. @todo Unlock tables even if the join isn't top level select in the tree */ void JOIN::join_free() { SELECT_LEX_UNIT *tmp_unit; SELECT_LEX *sl; /* Optimization: if not EXPLAIN and we are done with the JOIN, free all tables. */ bool full= !(select_lex->uncacheable) && !(thd->lex->describe); bool can_unlock= full; DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::join_free"); cleanup(full); for (tmp_unit= select_lex->first_inner_unit(); tmp_unit; tmp_unit= tmp_unit->next_unit()) for (sl= tmp_unit->first_select(); sl; sl= sl->next_select()) { Item_subselect *subselect= sl->master_unit()->item; bool full_local= full && (!subselect || subselect->is_evaluated()); /* If this join is evaluated, we can fully clean it up and clean up all its underlying joins even if they are correlated -- they will not be used any more anyway. If this join is not yet evaluated, we still must clean it up to close its table cursors -- it may never get evaluated, as in case of ... HAVING FALSE OR a IN (SELECT ...)) but all table cursors must be closed before the unlock. */ sl->cleanup_all_joins(full_local); /* Can't unlock if at least one JOIN is still needed */ can_unlock= can_unlock && full_local; } /* We are not using tables anymore Unlock all tables. We may be in an INSERT .... SELECT statement. */ if (can_unlock && lock && thd->lock && ! thd->locked_tables_mode && !(select_options & SELECT_NO_UNLOCK) && !select_lex->subquery_in_having && (select_lex == (thd->lex->unit.fake_select_lex ? thd->lex->unit.fake_select_lex : &thd->lex->select_lex))) { /* TODO: unlock tables even if the join isn't top level select in the tree. */ mysql_unlock_read_tables(thd, lock); // Don't free join->lock lock= 0; } DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /** Free resources of given join. @param fill true if we should free all resources, call with full==1 should be last, before it this function can be called with full==0 @note With subquery this function definitely will be called several times, but even for simple query it can be called several times. */ void JOIN::cleanup(bool full) { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::cleanup"); DBUG_PRINT("enter", ("full %u", (uint) full)); if (table) { JOIN_TAB *tab; /* Only a sorted table may be cached. This sorted table is always the first non const table in join->table */ if (table_count > const_tables) // Test for not-const tables { JOIN_TAB *first_tab= first_top_level_tab(this, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); if (first_tab->table) { free_io_cache(first_tab->table); filesort_free_buffers(first_tab->table, full); } } if (full) { JOIN_TAB *sort_tab= first_linear_tab(this, WITHOUT_CONST_TABLES); if (pre_sort_join_tab) { if (sort_tab && sort_tab->select == pre_sort_join_tab->select) { pre_sort_join_tab->select= NULL; } else clean_pre_sort_join_tab(); } for (tab= first_linear_tab(this, WITH_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(this, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { tab->cleanup(); } cleaned= true; } else { for (tab= first_linear_tab(this, WITH_CONST_TABLES); tab; tab= next_linear_tab(this, tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { if (tab->table) { DBUG_PRINT("info", ("close index: %s.%s", tab->table->s->db.str, tab->table->s->table_name.str)); tab->table->file->ha_index_or_rnd_end(); } } } } if (full) { /* Ensure that the following delete_elements() would not be called twice for the same list. */ if (tmp_join && tmp_join != this && tmp_join->group_fields == this->group_fields) tmp_join->group_fields.empty(); // Run Cached_item DTORs! group_fields.delete_elements(); /* We can't call delete_elements() on copy_funcs as this will cause problems in free_elements() as some of the elements are then deleted. */ tmp_table_param.copy_funcs.empty(); /* If we have tmp_join and 'this' JOIN is not tmp_join and tmp_table_param.copy_field's of them are equal then we have to remove pointer to tmp_table_param.copy_field from tmp_join, because it qill be removed in tmp_table_param.cleanup(). */ if (tmp_join && tmp_join != this && tmp_join->tmp_table_param.copy_field == tmp_table_param.copy_field) { tmp_join->tmp_table_param.copy_field= tmp_join->tmp_table_param.save_copy_field= 0; } tmp_table_param.cleanup(); if (!join_tab) { List_iterator li(*join_list); TABLE_LIST *table_ref; while ((table_ref= li++)) { if (table_ref->table && table_ref->jtbm_subselect && table_ref->jtbm_subselect->is_jtbm_const_tab) { free_tmp_table(thd, table_ref->table); table_ref->table= NULL; } } } } DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /** Remove the following expressions from ORDER BY and GROUP BY: Constant expressions @n Expression that only uses tables that are of type EQ_REF and the reference is in the ORDER list or if all refereed tables are of the above type. In the following, the X field can be removed: @code SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.a ORDER BY t1.a,t2.X SELECT * FROM t1,t2,t3 WHERE t1.a=t2.a AND t2.b=t3.b ORDER BY t1.a,t3.X @endcode These can't be optimized: @code SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.a ORDER BY t2.X,t1.a SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.a AND t1.b=t2.b ORDER BY t1.a,t2.c SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.a ORDER BY t2.b,t1.a @endcode TODO: this function checks ORDER::used, which can only have a value of 0. */ static bool eq_ref_table(JOIN *join, ORDER *start_order, JOIN_TAB *tab) { if (tab->cached_eq_ref_table) // If cached return tab->eq_ref_table; tab->cached_eq_ref_table=1; /* We can skip const tables only if not an outer table */ if (tab->type == JT_CONST && !tab->first_inner) return (tab->eq_ref_table=1); /* purecov: inspected */ if (tab->type != JT_EQ_REF || tab->table->maybe_null) return (tab->eq_ref_table=0); // We must use this Item **ref_item=tab->ref.items; Item **end=ref_item+tab->ref.key_parts; uint found=0; table_map map=tab->table->map; for (; ref_item != end ; ref_item++) { if (! (*ref_item)->const_item()) { // Not a const ref ORDER *order; for (order=start_order ; order ; order=order->next) { if ((*ref_item)->eq(order->item[0],0)) break; } if (order) { if (!(order->used & map)) { found++; order->used|= map; } continue; // Used in ORDER BY } if (!only_eq_ref_tables(join,start_order, (*ref_item)->used_tables())) return (tab->eq_ref_table=0); } } /* Check that there was no reference to table before sort order */ for (; found && start_order ; start_order=start_order->next) { if (start_order->used & map) { found--; continue; } if (start_order->depend_map & map) return (tab->eq_ref_table=0); } return tab->eq_ref_table=1; } static bool only_eq_ref_tables(JOIN *join,ORDER *order,table_map tables) { tables&= ~PSEUDO_TABLE_BITS; for (JOIN_TAB **tab=join->map2table ; tables ; tab++, tables>>=1) { if (tables & 1 && !eq_ref_table(join, order, *tab)) return 0; } return 1; } /** Update the dependency map for the tables. */ static void update_depend_map(JOIN *join) { for (JOIN_TAB *join_tab= first_linear_tab(join, WITH_CONST_TABLES); join_tab; join_tab= next_linear_tab(join, join_tab, WITH_BUSH_ROOTS)) { TABLE_REF *ref= &join_tab->ref; table_map depend_map=0; Item **item=ref->items; uint i; for (i=0 ; i < ref->key_parts ; i++,item++) depend_map|=(*item)->used_tables(); ref->depend_map=depend_map & ~OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT; depend_map&= ~OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT; for (JOIN_TAB **tab=join->map2table; depend_map ; tab++,depend_map>>=1 ) { if (depend_map & 1) ref->depend_map|=(*tab)->ref.depend_map; } } } /** Update the dependency map for the sort order. */ static void update_depend_map_for_order(JOIN *join, ORDER *order) { for (; order ; order=order->next) { table_map depend_map; order->item[0]->update_used_tables(); order->depend_map=depend_map=order->item[0]->used_tables(); order->used= 0; // Not item_sum(), RAND() and no reference to table outside of sub select if (!(order->depend_map & (OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT | RAND_TABLE_BIT)) && !order->item[0]->with_sum_func) { for (JOIN_TAB **tab=join->map2table; depend_map ; tab++, depend_map>>=1) { if (depend_map & 1) order->depend_map|=(*tab)->ref.depend_map; } } } } /** Remove all constants and check if ORDER only contains simple expressions. simple_order is set to 1 if sort_order only uses fields from head table and the head table is not a LEFT JOIN table. @param join Join handler @param first_order List of SORT or GROUP order @param cond WHERE statement @param change_list Set to 1 if we should remove things from list. If this is not set, then only simple_order is calculated. @param simple_order Set to 1 if we are only using simple expressions @return Returns new sort order */ static ORDER * remove_const(JOIN *join,ORDER *first_order, COND *cond, bool change_list, bool *simple_order) { if (join->table_count == join->const_tables) return change_list ? 0 : first_order; // No need to sort ORDER *order,**prev_ptr; table_map first_table; table_map not_const_tables= ~join->const_table_map; table_map ref; bool first_is_base_table= FALSE; DBUG_ENTER("remove_const"); LINT_INIT(first_table); /* protected by first_is_base_table */ if (join->join_tab[join->const_tables].table) { first_table= join->join_tab[join->const_tables].table->map; first_is_base_table= TRUE; } /* Cleanup to avoid interference of calls of this function for ORDER BY and GROUP BY */ for (JOIN_TAB *tab= join->join_tab + join->const_tables; tab < join->join_tab + join->table_count; tab++) tab->cached_eq_ref_table= FALSE; prev_ptr= &first_order; *simple_order= *join->join_tab[join->const_tables].on_expr_ref ? 0 : 1; /* NOTE: A variable of not_const_tables ^ first_table; breaks gcc 2.7 */ update_depend_map_for_order(join, first_order); for (order=first_order; order ; order=order->next) { table_map order_tables=order->item[0]->used_tables(); if (order->item[0]->with_sum_func || /* If the outer table of an outer join is const (either by itself or after applying WHERE condition), grouping on a field from such a table will be optimized away and filesort without temporary table will be used unless we prevent that now. Filesort is not fit to handle joins and the join condition is not applied. We can't detect the case without an expensive test, however, so we force temporary table for all queries containing more than one table, ROLLUP, and an outer join. */ (join->table_count > 1 && join->rollup.state == ROLLUP::STATE_INITED && join->outer_join)) *simple_order=0; // Must do a temp table to sort else if (!(order_tables & not_const_tables)) { if (order->item[0]->has_subquery()) { /* Delay the evaluation of constant ORDER and/or GROUP expressions that contain subqueries until the execution phase. */ join->exec_const_order_group_cond.push_back(order->item[0]); } DBUG_PRINT("info",("removing: %s", order->item[0]->full_name())); continue; } else { if (order_tables & (RAND_TABLE_BIT | OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT)) *simple_order=0; else { if (cond && const_expression_in_where(cond,order->item[0])) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("removing: %s", order->item[0]->full_name())); continue; } if (first_is_base_table && (ref=order_tables & (not_const_tables ^ first_table))) { if (!(order_tables & first_table) && only_eq_ref_tables(join,first_order, ref)) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("removing: %s", order->item[0]->full_name())); continue; } *simple_order=0; // Must do a temp table to sort } } } if (change_list) *prev_ptr= order; // use this entry prev_ptr= &order->next; } if (change_list) *prev_ptr=0; if (prev_ptr == &first_order) // Nothing to sort/group *simple_order=1; DBUG_PRINT("exit",("simple_order: %d",(int) *simple_order)); DBUG_RETURN(first_order); } /** Filter out ORDER items those are equal to constants in WHERE This function is a limited version of remove_const() for use with non-JOIN statements (i.e. single-table UPDATE and DELETE). @param order Linked list of ORDER BY arguments @param cond WHERE expression @return pointer to new filtered ORDER list or NULL if whole list eliminated @note This function overwrites input order list. */ ORDER *simple_remove_const(ORDER *order, COND *where) { if (!order || !where) return order; ORDER *first= NULL, *prev= NULL; for (; order; order= order->next) { DBUG_ASSERT(!order->item[0]->with_sum_func); // should never happen if (!const_expression_in_where(where, order->item[0])) { if (!first) first= order; if (prev) prev->next= order; prev= order; } } if (prev) prev->next= NULL; return first; } static int return_zero_rows(JOIN *join, select_result *result, List &tables, List &fields, bool send_row, ulonglong select_options, const char *info, Item *having, List &all_fields) { DBUG_ENTER("return_zero_rows"); if (select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) { select_describe(join, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, info); DBUG_RETURN(0); } join->join_free(); if (send_row) { /* Set all tables to have NULL row. This is needed as we will be evaluating HAVING condition. */ List_iterator ti(tables); TABLE_LIST *table; while ((table= ti++)) { /* Don't touch semi-join materialization tables, as the above join_free() call has freed them (and HAVING clause can't have references to them anyway). */ if (!table->is_jtbm()) mark_as_null_row(table->table); // All fields are NULL } List_iterator_fast it(all_fields); Item *item; /* Inform all items (especially aggregating) to calculate HAVING correctly, also we will need it for sending results. */ while ((item= it++)) item->no_rows_in_result(); if (having && having->val_int() == 0) send_row=0; } if (!(result->send_result_set_metadata(fields, Protocol::SEND_NUM_ROWS | Protocol::SEND_EOF))) { bool send_error= FALSE; if (send_row) send_error= result->send_data(fields) > 0; if (!send_error) result->send_eof(); // Should be safe } /* Update results for FOUND_ROWS */ join->thd->limit_found_rows= join->thd->examined_row_count= 0; DBUG_RETURN(0); } /* used only in JOIN::clear */ static void clear_tables(JOIN *join) { /* must clear only the non-const tables, as const tables are not re-calculated. */ for (uint i= 0 ; i < join->table_count ; i++) { if (!(join->table[i]->map & join->const_table_map)) mark_as_null_row(join->table[i]); // All fields are NULL } } /***************************************************************************** Make som simple condition optimization: If there is a test 'field = const' change all refs to 'field' to 'const' Remove all dummy tests 'item = item', 'const op const'. Remove all 'item is NULL', when item can never be null! item->marker should be 0 for all items on entry Return in cond_value FALSE if condition is impossible (1 = 2) *****************************************************************************/ class COND_CMP :public ilink { public: static void *operator new(size_t size) { return (void*) sql_alloc((uint) size); } static void operator delete(void *ptr __attribute__((unused)), size_t size __attribute__((unused))) { TRASH(ptr, size); } Item *and_level; Item_func *cmp_func; COND_CMP(Item *a,Item_func *b) :and_level(a),cmp_func(b) {} }; #ifdef HAVE_EXPLICIT_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION template class I_List; template class I_List_iterator; template class List; template class List_iterator; #endif /** Find the multiple equality predicate containing a field. The function retrieves the multiple equalities accessed through the con_equal structure from current level and up looking for an equality containing field. It stops retrieval as soon as the equality is found and set up inherited_fl to TRUE if it's found on upper levels. @param cond_equal multiple equalities to search in @param field field to look for @param[out] inherited_fl set up to TRUE if multiple equality is found on upper levels (not on current level of cond_equal) @return - Item_equal for the found multiple equality predicate if a success; - NULL otherwise. */ Item_equal *find_item_equal(COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, Field *field, bool *inherited_fl) { Item_equal *item= 0; bool in_upper_level= FALSE; while (cond_equal) { List_iterator_fast li(cond_equal->current_level); while ((item= li++)) { if (item->contains(field)) goto finish; } in_upper_level= TRUE; cond_equal= cond_equal->upper_levels; } in_upper_level= FALSE; finish: *inherited_fl= in_upper_level; return item; } /** Check whether an equality can be used to build multiple equalities. This function first checks whether the equality (left_item=right_item) is a simple equality i.e. the one that equates a field with another field or a constant (field=field_item or field=const_item). If this is the case the function looks for a multiple equality in the lists referenced directly or indirectly by cond_equal inferring the given simple equality. If it doesn't find any, it builds a multiple equality that covers the predicate, i.e. the predicate can be inferred from this multiple equality. The built multiple equality could be obtained in such a way: create a binary multiple equality equivalent to the predicate, then merge it, if possible, with one of old multiple equalities. This guarantees that the set of multiple equalities covering equality predicates will be minimal. EXAMPLE: For the where condition @code WHERE a=b AND b=c AND (b=2 OR f=e) @endcode the check_equality will be called for the following equality predicates a=b, b=c, b=2 and f=e. - For a=b it will be called with *cond_equal=(0,[]) and will transform *cond_equal into (0,[Item_equal(a,b)]). - For b=c it will be called with *cond_equal=(0,[Item_equal(a,b)]) and will transform *cond_equal into CE=(0,[Item_equal(a,b,c)]). - For b=2 it will be called with *cond_equal=(ptr(CE),[]) and will transform *cond_equal into (ptr(CE),[Item_equal(2,a,b,c)]). - For f=e it will be called with *cond_equal=(ptr(CE), []) and will transform *cond_equal into (ptr(CE),[Item_equal(f,e)]). @note Now only fields that have the same type definitions (verified by the Field::eq_def method) are placed to the same multiple equalities. Because of this some equality predicates are not eliminated and can be used in the constant propagation procedure. We could weeken the equlity test as soon as at least one of the equal fields is to be equal to a constant. It would require a more complicated implementation: we would have to store, in general case, its own constant for each fields from the multiple equality. But at the same time it would allow us to get rid of constant propagation completely: it would be done by the call to build_equal_items_for_cond. The implementation does not follow exactly the above rules to build a new multiple equality for the equality predicate. If it processes the equality of the form field1=field2, it looks for multiple equalities me1 containig field1 and me2 containing field2. If only one of them is found the fuction expands it with the lacking field. If multiple equalities for both fields are found they are merged. If both searches fail a new multiple equality containing just field1 and field2 is added to the existing multiple equalities. If the function processes the predicate of the form field1=const, it looks for a multiple equality containing field1. If found, the function checks the constant of the multiple equality. If the value is unknown, it is setup to const. Otherwise the value is compared with const and the evaluation of the equality predicate is performed. When expanding/merging equality predicates from the upper levels the function first copies them for the current level. It looks acceptable, as this happens rarely. The implementation without copying would be much more complicated. For description of how equality propagation works with SJM nests, grep for EqualityPropagationAndSjmNests. @param left_item left term of the quality to be checked @param right_item right term of the equality to be checked @param item equality item if the equality originates from a condition predicate, 0 if the equality is the result of row elimination @param cond_equal multiple equalities that must hold together with the equality @retval TRUE if the predicate is a simple equality predicate to be used for building multiple equalities @retval FALSE otherwise */ static bool check_simple_equality(Item *left_item, Item *right_item, Item *item, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal) { Item *orig_left_item= left_item; Item *orig_right_item= right_item; if (left_item->type() == Item::REF_ITEM && ((Item_ref*)left_item)->ref_type() == Item_ref::VIEW_REF) { if (((Item_ref*)left_item)->get_depended_from()) return FALSE; left_item= left_item->real_item(); } if (right_item->type() == Item::REF_ITEM && ((Item_ref*)right_item)->ref_type() == Item_ref::VIEW_REF) { if (((Item_ref*)right_item)->get_depended_from()) return FALSE; right_item= right_item->real_item(); } if (left_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && right_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && !((Item_field*)left_item)->get_depended_from() && !((Item_field*)right_item)->get_depended_from()) { /* The predicate the form field1=field2 is processed */ Field *left_field= ((Item_field*) left_item)->field; Field *right_field= ((Item_field*) right_item)->field; if (!left_field->eq_def(right_field)) return FALSE; /* Search for multiple equalities containing field1 and/or field2 */ bool left_copyfl, right_copyfl; Item_equal *left_item_equal= find_item_equal(cond_equal, left_field, &left_copyfl); Item_equal *right_item_equal= find_item_equal(cond_equal, right_field, &right_copyfl); /* As (NULL=NULL) != TRUE we can't just remove the predicate f=f */ if (left_field->eq(right_field)) /* f = f */ return (!(left_field->maybe_null() && !left_item_equal)); if (left_item_equal && left_item_equal == right_item_equal) { /* The equality predicate is inference of one of the existing multiple equalities, i.e the condition is already covered by upper level equalities */ return TRUE; } /* Copy the found multiple equalities at the current level if needed */ if (left_copyfl) { /* left_item_equal of an upper level contains left_item */ left_item_equal= new Item_equal(left_item_equal); left_item_equal->set_context_field(((Item_field*) left_item)); cond_equal->current_level.push_back(left_item_equal); } if (right_copyfl) { /* right_item_equal of an upper level contains right_item */ right_item_equal= new Item_equal(right_item_equal); right_item_equal->set_context_field(((Item_field*) right_item)); cond_equal->current_level.push_back(right_item_equal); } if (left_item_equal) { /* left item was found in the current or one of the upper levels */ if (! right_item_equal) left_item_equal->add(orig_right_item); else { /* Merge two multiple equalities forming a new one */ left_item_equal->merge(right_item_equal); /* Remove the merged multiple equality from the list */ List_iterator li(cond_equal->current_level); while ((li++) != right_item_equal) ; li.remove(); } } else { /* left item was not found neither the current nor in upper levels */ if (right_item_equal) right_item_equal->add(orig_left_item); else { /* None of the fields was found in multiple equalities */ Item_equal *item_equal= new Item_equal(orig_left_item, orig_right_item, FALSE); item_equal->set_context_field((Item_field*)left_item); cond_equal->current_level.push_back(item_equal); } } return TRUE; } { /* The predicate of the form field=const/const=field is processed */ Item *const_item= 0; Item_field *field_item= 0; Item *orig_field_item= 0; if (left_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && !((Item_field*)left_item)->get_depended_from() && right_item->const_item() && !right_item->is_expensive()) { orig_field_item= orig_left_item; field_item= (Item_field *) left_item; const_item= right_item; } else if (right_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && !((Item_field*)right_item)->get_depended_from() && left_item->const_item() && !left_item->is_expensive()) { orig_field_item= orig_right_item; field_item= (Item_field *) right_item; const_item= left_item; } if (const_item && field_item->result_type() == const_item->result_type()) { bool copyfl; if (field_item->cmp_type() == STRING_RESULT) { CHARSET_INFO *cs= ((Field_str*) field_item->field)->charset(); if (!item) { Item_func_eq *eq_item; if (!(eq_item= new Item_func_eq(orig_left_item, orig_right_item)) || eq_item->set_cmp_func()) return FALSE; eq_item->quick_fix_field(); item= eq_item; } if ((cs != ((Item_func *) item)->compare_collation()) || !cs->coll->propagate(cs, 0, 0)) return FALSE; } Item_equal *item_equal = find_item_equal(cond_equal, field_item->field, ©fl); if (copyfl) { item_equal= new Item_equal(item_equal); cond_equal->current_level.push_back(item_equal); item_equal->set_context_field(field_item); } if (item_equal) { /* The flag cond_false will be set to 1 after this, if item_equal already contains a constant and its value is not equal to the value of const_item. */ item_equal->add_const(const_item, orig_field_item); } else { item_equal= new Item_equal(const_item, orig_field_item, TRUE); item_equal->set_context_field(field_item); cond_equal->current_level.push_back(item_equal); } return TRUE; } } return FALSE; } /** Convert row equalities into a conjunction of regular equalities. The function converts a row equality of the form (E1,...,En)=(E'1,...,E'n) into a list of equalities E1=E'1,...,En=E'n. For each of these equalities Ei=E'i the function checks whether it is a simple equality or a row equality. If it is a simple equality it is used to expand multiple equalities of cond_equal. If it is a row equality it converted to a sequence of equalities between row elements. If Ei=E'i is neither a simple equality nor a row equality the item for this predicate is added to eq_list. @param thd thread handle @param left_row left term of the row equality to be processed @param right_row right term of the row equality to be processed @param cond_equal multiple equalities that must hold together with the predicate @param eq_list results of conversions of row equalities that are not simple enough to form multiple equalities @retval TRUE if conversion has succeeded (no fatal error) @retval FALSE otherwise */ static bool check_row_equality(THD *thd, Item *left_row, Item_row *right_row, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, List* eq_list) { uint n= left_row->cols(); for (uint i= 0 ; i < n; i++) { bool is_converted; Item *left_item= left_row->element_index(i); Item *right_item= right_row->element_index(i); if (left_item->type() == Item::ROW_ITEM && right_item->type() == Item::ROW_ITEM) { is_converted= check_row_equality(thd, (Item_row *) left_item, (Item_row *) right_item, cond_equal, eq_list); if (!is_converted) thd->lex->current_select->cond_count++; } else { is_converted= check_simple_equality(left_item, right_item, 0, cond_equal); thd->lex->current_select->cond_count++; } if (!is_converted) { Item_func_eq *eq_item; if (!(eq_item= new Item_func_eq(left_item, right_item)) || eq_item->set_cmp_func()) return FALSE; eq_item->quick_fix_field(); eq_list->push_back(eq_item); } } return TRUE; } /** Eliminate row equalities and form multiple equalities predicates. This function checks whether the item is a simple equality i.e. the one that equates a field with another field or a constant (field=field_item or field=constant_item), or, a row equality. For a simple equality the function looks for a multiple equality in the lists referenced directly or indirectly by cond_equal inferring the given simple equality. If it doesn't find any, it builds/expands multiple equality that covers the predicate. Row equalities are eliminated substituted for conjunctive regular equalities which are treated in the same way as original equality predicates. @param thd thread handle @param item predicate to process @param cond_equal multiple equalities that must hold together with the predicate @param eq_list results of conversions of row equalities that are not simple enough to form multiple equalities @retval TRUE if re-writing rules have been applied @retval FALSE otherwise, i.e. if the predicate is not an equality, or, if the equality is neither a simple one nor a row equality, or, if the procedure fails by a fatal error. */ static bool check_equality(THD *thd, Item *item, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, List *eq_list) { if (item->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_func*) item)->functype() == Item_func::EQ_FUNC) { Item *left_item= ((Item_func*) item)->arguments()[0]; Item *right_item= ((Item_func*) item)->arguments()[1]; if (left_item->type() == Item::ROW_ITEM && right_item->type() == Item::ROW_ITEM) { thd->lex->current_select->cond_count--; return check_row_equality(thd, (Item_row *) left_item, (Item_row *) right_item, cond_equal, eq_list); } else return check_simple_equality(left_item, right_item, item, cond_equal); } return FALSE; } /** Replace all equality predicates in a condition by multiple equality items. At each 'and' level the function detects items for equality predicates and replaced them by a set of multiple equality items of class Item_equal, taking into account inherited equalities from upper levels. If an equality predicate is used not in a conjunction it's just replaced by a multiple equality predicate. For each 'and' level the function set a pointer to the inherited multiple equalities in the cond_equal field of the associated object of the type Item_cond_and. The function also traverses the cond tree and and for each field reference sets a pointer to the multiple equality item containing the field, if there is any. If this multiple equality equates fields to a constant the function replaces the field reference by the constant in the cases when the field is not of a string type or when the field reference is just an argument of a comparison predicate. The function also determines the maximum number of members in equality lists of each Item_cond_and object assigning it to thd->lex->current_select->max_equal_elems. @note Multiple equality predicate =(f1,..fn) is equivalent to the conjuction of f1=f2, .., fn-1=fn. It substitutes any inference from these equality predicates that is equivalent to the conjunction. Thus, =(a1,a2,a3) can substitute for ((a1=a3) AND (a2=a3) AND (a2=a1)) as it is equivalent to ((a1=a2) AND (a2=a3)). The function always makes a substitution of all equality predicates occured in a conjuction for a minimal set of multiple equality predicates. This set can be considered as a canonical representation of the sub-conjunction of the equality predicates. E.g. (t1.a=t2.b AND t2.b>5 AND t1.a=t3.c) is replaced by (=(t1.a,t2.b,t3.c) AND t2.b>5), not by (=(t1.a,t2.b) AND =(t1.a,t3.c) AND t2.b>5); while (t1.a=t2.b AND t2.b>5 AND t3.c=t4.d) is replaced by (=(t1.a,t2.b) AND =(t3.c=t4.d) AND t2.b>5), but if additionally =(t4.d,t2.b) is inherited, it will be replaced by (=(t1.a,t2.b,t3.c,t4.d) AND t2.b>5) The function performs the substitution in a recursive descent by the condtion tree, passing to the next AND level a chain of multiple equality predicates which have been built at the upper levels. The Item_equal items built at the level are attached to other non-equality conjucts as a sublist. The pointer to the inherited multiple equalities is saved in the and condition object (Item_cond_and). This chain allows us for any field reference occurence easyly to find a multiple equality that must be held for this occurence. For each AND level we do the following: - scan it for all equality predicate (=) items - join them into disjoint Item_equal() groups - process the included OR conditions recursively to do the same for lower AND levels. We need to do things in this order as lower AND levels need to know about all possible Item_equal objects in upper levels. @param thd thread handle @param cond condition(expression) where to make replacement @param inherited path to all inherited multiple equality items @return pointer to the transformed condition */ static COND *build_equal_items_for_cond(THD *thd, COND *cond, COND_EQUAL *inherited) { Item_equal *item_equal; COND_EQUAL cond_equal; cond_equal.upper_levels= inherited; if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { List eq_list; bool and_level= ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC; List *args= ((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list(); List_iterator li(*args); Item *item; if (and_level) { /* Retrieve all conjuncts of this level detecting the equality that are subject to substitution by multiple equality items and removing each such predicate from the conjunction after having found/created a multiple equality whose inference the predicate is. */ while ((item= li++)) { /* PS/SP note: we can safely remove a node from AND-OR structure here because it's restored before each re-execution of any prepared statement/stored procedure. */ if (check_equality(thd, item, &cond_equal, &eq_list)) li.remove(); } /* Check if we eliminated all the predicates of the level, e.g. (a=a AND b=b AND a=a). */ if (!args->elements && !cond_equal.current_level.elements && !eq_list.elements) return new Item_int((longlong) 1, 1); List_iterator_fast it(cond_equal.current_level); while ((item_equal= it++)) { item_equal->fix_fields(thd, NULL); item_equal->update_used_tables(); set_if_bigger(thd->lex->current_select->max_equal_elems, item_equal->n_field_items()); } ((Item_cond_and*)cond)->cond_equal.copy(cond_equal); cond_equal.current_level= ((Item_cond_and*)cond)->cond_equal.current_level; inherited= &(((Item_cond_and*)cond)->cond_equal); } /* Make replacement of equality predicates for lower levels of the condition expression. */ li.rewind(); while ((item= li++)) { Item *new_item; if ((new_item= build_equal_items_for_cond(thd, item, inherited)) != item) { /* This replacement happens only for standalone equalities */ /* This is ok with PS/SP as the replacement is done for arguments of an AND/OR item, which are restored for each execution of PS/SP. */ li.replace(new_item); } } if (and_level) { args->concat(&eq_list); args->concat((List *)&cond_equal.current_level); } } else if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM || cond->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) { List eq_list; /* If an equality predicate forms the whole and level, we call it standalone equality and it's processed here. E.g. in the following where condition WHERE a=5 AND (b=5 or a=c) (b=5) and (a=c) are standalone equalities. In general we can't leave alone standalone eqalities: for WHERE a=b AND c=d AND (b=c OR d=5) b=c is replaced by =(a,b,c,d). */ if (check_equality(thd, cond, &cond_equal, &eq_list)) { int n= cond_equal.current_level.elements + eq_list.elements; if (n == 0) return new Item_int((longlong) 1,1); else if (n == 1) { if ((item_equal= cond_equal.current_level.pop())) { item_equal->fix_fields(thd, NULL); item_equal->update_used_tables(); set_if_bigger(thd->lex->current_select->max_equal_elems, item_equal->n_field_items()); item_equal->upper_levels= inherited; return item_equal; } return eq_list.pop(); } else { /* Here a new AND level must be created. It can happen only when a row equality is processed as a standalone predicate. */ Item_cond_and *and_cond= new Item_cond_and(eq_list); and_cond->quick_fix_field(); List *args= and_cond->argument_list(); List_iterator_fast it(cond_equal.current_level); while ((item_equal= it++)) { item_equal->fix_length_and_dec(); item_equal->update_used_tables(); set_if_bigger(thd->lex->current_select->max_equal_elems, item_equal->n_field_items()); } and_cond->cond_equal.copy(cond_equal); cond_equal.current_level= and_cond->cond_equal.current_level; args->concat((List *)&cond_equal.current_level); return and_cond; } } /* For each field reference in cond, not from equal item predicates, set a pointer to the multiple equality it belongs to (if there is any) as soon the field is not of a string type or the field reference is an argument of a comparison predicate. */ uchar* is_subst_valid= (uchar *) Item::ANY_SUBST; cond= cond->compile(&Item::subst_argument_checker, &is_subst_valid, &Item::equal_fields_propagator, (uchar *) inherited); cond->update_used_tables(); } return cond; } /** Build multiple equalities for a condition and all on expressions that inherit these multiple equalities. The function first applies the build_equal_items_for_cond function to build all multiple equalities for condition cond utilizing equalities referred through the parameter inherited. The extended set of equalities is returned in the structure referred by the cond_equal_ref parameter. After this the function calls itself recursively for all on expressions whose direct references can be found in join_list and who inherit directly the multiple equalities just having built. @note The on expression used in an outer join operation inherits all equalities from the on expression of the embedding join, if there is any, or otherwise - from the where condition. This fact is not obvious, but presumably can be proved. Consider the following query: @code SELECT * FROM (t1,t2) LEFT JOIN (t3,t4) ON t1.a=t3.a AND t2.a=t4.a WHERE t1.a=t2.a; @endcode If the on expression in the query inherits =(t1.a,t2.a), then we can build the multiple equality =(t1.a,t2.a,t3.a,t4.a) that infers the equality t3.a=t4.a. Although the on expression t1.a=t3.a AND t2.a=t4.a AND t3.a=t4.a is not equivalent to the one in the query the latter can be replaced by the former: the new query will return the same result set as the original one. Interesting that multiple equality =(t1.a,t2.a,t3.a,t4.a) allows us to use t1.a=t3.a AND t3.a=t4.a under the on condition: @code SELECT * FROM (t1,t2) LEFT JOIN (t3,t4) ON t1.a=t3.a AND t3.a=t4.a WHERE t1.a=t2.a @endcode This query equivalent to: @code SELECT * FROM (t1 LEFT JOIN (t3,t4) ON t1.a=t3.a AND t3.a=t4.a),t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.a @endcode Similarly the original query can be rewritten to the query: @code SELECT * FROM (t1,t2) LEFT JOIN (t3,t4) ON t2.a=t4.a AND t3.a=t4.a WHERE t1.a=t2.a @endcode that is equivalent to: @code SELECT * FROM (t2 LEFT JOIN (t3,t4)ON t2.a=t4.a AND t3.a=t4.a), t1 WHERE t1.a=t2.a @endcode Thus, applying equalities from the where condition we basically can get more freedom in performing join operations. Althogh we don't use this property now, it probably makes sense to use it in the future. @param thd Thread handler @param cond condition to build the multiple equalities for @param inherited path to all inherited multiple equality items @param join_list list of join tables to which the condition refers to @ignore_on_conds TRUE <-> do not build multiple equalities for on expressions @param[out] cond_equal_ref pointer to the structure to place built equalities in @return pointer to the transformed condition containing multiple equalities */ static COND *build_equal_items(JOIN *join, COND *cond, COND_EQUAL *inherited, List *join_list, bool ignore_on_conds, COND_EQUAL **cond_equal_ref) { THD *thd= join->thd; COND_EQUAL *cond_equal= 0; if (cond) { cond= build_equal_items_for_cond(thd, cond, inherited); cond->update_used_tables(); if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM && ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC) cond_equal= &((Item_cond_and*) cond)->cond_equal; else if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::MULT_EQUAL_FUNC) { cond_equal= new COND_EQUAL; cond_equal->current_level.push_back((Item_equal *) cond); } } if (cond_equal) { cond_equal->upper_levels= inherited; inherited= cond_equal; } *cond_equal_ref= cond_equal; if (join_list && !ignore_on_conds) { TABLE_LIST *table; List_iterator li(*join_list); while ((table= li++)) { if (table->on_expr) { List *nested_join_list= table->nested_join ? &table->nested_join->join_list : NULL; /* We can modify table->on_expr because its old value will be restored before re-execution of PS/SP. */ table->on_expr= build_equal_items(join, table->on_expr, inherited, nested_join_list, ignore_on_conds, &table->cond_equal); } } } return cond; } /** Compare field items by table order in the execution plan. If field1 and field2 belong to different tables then field1 considered as better than field2 if the table containing field1 is accessed earlier than the table containing field2. The function finds out what of two fields is better according this criteria. If field1 and field2 belong to the same table then the result of comparison depends on whether the fields are parts of the key that are used to access this table. @param field1 first field item to compare @param field2 second field item to compare @param table_join_idx index to tables determining table order @retval 1 if field1 is better than field2 @retval -1 if field2 is better than field1 @retval 0 otherwise */ static int compare_fields_by_table_order(Item *field1, Item *field2, void *table_join_idx) { int cmp= 0; bool outer_ref= 0; Item_field *f1= (Item_field *) (field1->real_item()); Item_field *f2= (Item_field *) (field2->real_item()); if (field1->const_item() || f1->const_item()) return 1; if (field2->const_item() || f2->const_item()) return -1; if (f2->used_tables() & OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT) { outer_ref= 1; cmp= -1; } if (f1->used_tables() & OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT) { outer_ref= 1; cmp++; } if (outer_ref) return cmp; JOIN_TAB **idx= (JOIN_TAB **) table_join_idx; JOIN_TAB *tab1= idx[f1->field->table->tablenr]; JOIN_TAB *tab2= idx[f2->field->table->tablenr]; /* if one of the table is inside a merged SJM nest and another one isn't, compare SJM bush roots of the tables. */ if (tab1->bush_root_tab != tab2->bush_root_tab) { if (tab1->bush_root_tab) tab1= tab1->bush_root_tab; if (tab2->bush_root_tab) tab2= tab2->bush_root_tab; } cmp= tab2 - tab1; if (!cmp) { JOIN_TAB *tab= idx[f1->field->table->tablenr]; uint keyno= MAX_KEY; if (tab->ref.key_parts) keyno= tab->ref.key; else if (tab->select && tab->select->quick) keyno = tab->select->quick->index; if (keyno != MAX_KEY) { if (f2->field->part_of_key.is_set(keyno)) cmp= -1; if (f1->field->part_of_key.is_set(keyno)) cmp++; if (!cmp) { KEY *key_info= tab->table->key_info + keyno; for (uint i= 0; i < key_info->key_parts; i++) { Field *fld= key_info->key_part[i].field; if (fld->eq(f2->field)) { cmp= -1; break; } if (fld->eq(f1->field)) { cmp= 1; break; } } } } else cmp= f2->field->field_index-f1->field->field_index; } return cmp < 0 ? -1 : (cmp ? 1 : 0); } static TABLE_LIST* embedding_sjm(Item *item) { Item_field *item_field= (Item_field *) (item->real_item()); TABLE_LIST *nest= item_field->field->table->pos_in_table_list->embedding; if (nest && nest->sj_mat_info && nest->sj_mat_info->is_used) return nest; else return NULL; } /** Generate minimal set of simple equalities equivalent to a multiple equality. The function retrieves the fields of the multiple equality item item_equal and for each field f: - if item_equal contains const it generates the equality f=const_item; - otherwise, if f is not the first field, generates the equality f=item_equal->get_first(). All generated equality are added to the cond conjunction. @param cond condition to add the generated equality to @param upper_levels structure to access multiple equality of upper levels @param item_equal multiple equality to generate simple equality from @note Before generating an equality function checks that it has not been generated for multiple equalities of the upper levels. E.g. for the following where condition WHERE a=5 AND ((a=b AND b=c) OR c>4) the upper level AND condition will contain =(5,a), while the lower level AND condition will contain =(5,a,b,c). When splitting =(5,a,b,c) into a separate equality predicates we should omit 5=a, as we have it already in the upper level. The following where condition gives us a more complicated case: WHERE t1.a=t2.b AND t3.c=t4.d AND (t2.b=t3.c OR t4.e>5 ...) AND ... Given the tables are accessed in the order t1->t2->t3->t4 for the selected query execution plan the lower level multiple equality =(t1.a,t2.b,t3.c,t4.d) formally should be converted to t1.a=t2.b AND t1.a=t3.c AND t1.a=t4.d. But t1.a=t2.a will be generated for the upper level. Also t3.c=t4.d will be generated there. So only t1.a=t3.c should be left in the lower level. If cond is equal to 0, then not more then one equality is generated and a pointer to it is returned as the result of the function. Equality substutution and semi-join materialization nests: In case join order looks like this: outer_tbl1 outer_tbl2 SJM (inner_tbl1 inner_tbl2) outer_tbl3 We must not construct equalities like outer_tbl1.col = inner_tbl1.col because they would get attached to inner_tbl1 and will get evaluated during materialization phase, when we don't have current value of outer_tbl1.col. Item_equal::get_first() also takes similar measures for dealing with equality substitution in presense of SJM nests. Grep for EqualityPropagationAndSjmNests for a more verbose description. @return - The condition with generated simple equalities or a pointer to the simple generated equality, if success. - 0, otherwise. */ Item *eliminate_item_equal(COND *cond, COND_EQUAL *upper_levels, Item_equal *item_equal) { List eq_list; Item_func_eq *eq_item= 0; if (((Item *) item_equal)->const_item() && !item_equal->val_int()) return new Item_int((longlong) 0,1); Item *item_const= item_equal->get_const(); Item_equal_fields_iterator it(*item_equal); Item *head; TABLE_LIST *current_sjm= NULL; Item *current_sjm_head= NULL; DBUG_ASSERT(!cond || cond->type() == Item::INT_ITEM || (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_func *) cond)->functype() == Item_func::EQ_FUNC) || (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM && ((Item_func *) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC)); /* Pick the "head" item: the constant one or the first in the join order (if the first in the join order happends to be inside an SJM nest, that's ok, because this is where the value will be unpacked after materialization). */ if (item_const) head= item_const; else { TABLE_LIST *emb_nest; head= item_equal->get_first(NO_PARTICULAR_TAB, NULL); it++; if ((emb_nest= embedding_sjm(head))) { current_sjm= emb_nest; current_sjm_head= head; } } Item *field_item; /* For each other item, generate "item=head" equality (except the tables that are within SJ-Materialization nests, for those "head" is defined differently) */ while ((field_item= it++)) { Item_equal *upper= field_item->find_item_equal(upper_levels); Item *item= field_item; TABLE_LIST *field_sjm= embedding_sjm(field_item); if (!field_sjm) { current_sjm= NULL; current_sjm_head= NULL; } /* Check if "field_item=head" equality is already guaranteed to be true on upper AND-levels. */ if (upper) { TABLE_LIST *native_sjm= embedding_sjm(item_equal->context_field); if (item_const && upper->get_const()) { /* Upper item also has "field_item=const". Don't produce equality here */ item= 0; } else { Item_equal_fields_iterator li(*item_equal); while ((item= li++) != field_item) { if (embedding_sjm(item) == field_sjm && item->find_item_equal(upper_levels) == upper) break; } } if (embedding_sjm(field_item) != native_sjm) item= NULL; /* Don't produce equality */ } bool produce_equality= test(item == field_item); if (!item_const && field_sjm && field_sjm != current_sjm) { /* Entering an SJM nest */ current_sjm_head= field_item; if (!field_sjm->sj_mat_info->is_sj_scan) produce_equality= FALSE; } if (produce_equality) { if (eq_item && eq_list.push_back(eq_item)) return 0; /* If we're inside an SJM-nest (current_sjm!=NULL), and the multi-equality doesn't include a constant, we should produce equality with the first of the equals in this SJM. In other cases, get the "head" item, which is either first of the equals on top level, or the constant. */ Item *head_item= (!item_const && current_sjm)? current_sjm_head: head; Item *head_real_item= head_item->real_item(); if (head_real_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) head_item= head_real_item; eq_item= new Item_func_eq(field_item->real_item(), head_item); if (!eq_item || eq_item->set_cmp_func()) return 0; eq_item->quick_fix_field(); } current_sjm= field_sjm; } /* We have produced zero, one, or more pair-wise equalities eq_i. We want to return an expression in form: cond AND eq_1 AND eq_2 AND eq_3 AND ... 'cond' is a parameter for this function, which may be NULL, an Item_int(1), or an Item_func_eq or an Item_cond_and. We want to return a well-formed condition: no nested Item_cond_and objects, or Item_cond_and with a single child: - if 'cond' is an Item_cond_and, we add eq_i as its tail - if 'cond' is Item_int(1), we return eq_i - otherwise, we create our own Item_cond_and and put 'cond' at the front of it. - if we have only one condition to return, we don't create an Item_cond_and */ if (eq_item && eq_list.push_back(eq_item)) return 0; COND *res= 0; switch (eq_list.elements) { case 0: res= cond ? cond : new Item_int((longlong) 1, 1); break; case 1: if (!cond || cond->type() == Item::INT_ITEM) res= eq_item; break; default: break; } if (!res) { if (cond) { if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { res= cond; ((Item_cond *) res)->add_at_end(&eq_list); } else if (eq_list.push_front(cond)) return 0; } } if (!res) res= new Item_cond_and(eq_list); if (res) { res->quick_fix_field(); res->update_used_tables(); } return res; } /** Substitute every field reference in a condition by the best equal field and eliminate all multiple equality predicates. The function retrieves the cond condition and for each encountered multiple equality predicate it sorts the field references in it according to the order of tables specified by the table_join_idx parameter. Then it eliminates the multiple equality predicate it replacing it by the conjunction of simple equality predicates equating every field from the multiple equality to the first field in it, or to the constant, if there is any. After this the function retrieves all other conjuncted predicates substitute every field reference by the field reference to the first equal field or equal constant if there are any. @param context_tab Join tab that 'cond' will be attached to, or NO_PARTICULAR_TAB. See notes above. @param cond condition to process @param cond_equal multiple equalities to take into consideration @param table_join_idx index to tables determining field preference @note At the first glance full sort of fields in multiple equality seems to be an overkill. Yet it's not the case due to possible new fields in multiple equality item of lower levels. We want the order in them to comply with the order of upper levels. context_tab may be used to specify which join tab `cond` will be attached to. There are two possible cases: 1. context_tab != NO_PARTICULAR_TAB We're doing substitution for an Item which will be evaluated in the context of a particular item. For example, if the optimizer does a ref access on "tbl1.key= expr" then = equality substitution will be perfomed on 'expr' = it is known in advance that 'expr' will be evaluated when table t1 is accessed. Note that in this kind of substution we never have to replace Item_equal objects. For example, for t.key= func(col1=col2 AND col2=const) we will not build Item_equal or do equality substution (if we decide to, this function will need to be fixed to handle it) 2. context_tab == NO_PARTICULAR_TAB We're doing substitution in WHERE/ON condition, which is not yet attached to any particular join_tab. We will use information about the chosen join order to make "optimal" substitions, i.e. those that allow to apply filtering as soon as possible. See eliminate_item_equal() and Item_equal::get_first() for details. @return The transformed condition, or NULL in case of error */ static COND* substitute_for_best_equal_field(JOIN_TAB *context_tab, COND *cond, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, void *table_join_idx) { Item_equal *item_equal; COND *org_cond= cond; // Return this in case of fatal error if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { List *cond_list= ((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list(); bool and_level= ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC; if (and_level) { cond_equal= &((Item_cond_and *) cond)->cond_equal; cond_list->disjoin((List *) &cond_equal->current_level);/* remove Item_equal objects from the AND. */ List_iterator_fast it(cond_equal->current_level); while ((item_equal= it++)) { item_equal->sort(&compare_fields_by_table_order, table_join_idx); } } List_iterator li(*cond_list); Item *item; while ((item= li++)) { Item *new_item= substitute_for_best_equal_field(context_tab, item, cond_equal, table_join_idx); /* This works OK with PS/SP re-execution as changes are made to the arguments of AND/OR items only */ if (new_item != item) li.replace(new_item); } if (and_level) { COND *eq_cond= 0; List_iterator_fast it(cond_equal->current_level); bool false_eq_cond= FALSE; while ((item_equal= it++)) { eq_cond= eliminate_item_equal(eq_cond, cond_equal->upper_levels, item_equal); if (!eq_cond) { eq_cond= 0; break; } else if (eq_cond->type() == Item::INT_ITEM && !eq_cond->val_bool()) { /* This occurs when eliminate_item_equal() founds that cond is always false and substitutes it with Item_int 0. Due to this, value of item_equal will be 0, so just return it. */ cond= eq_cond; false_eq_cond= TRUE; break; } } if (eq_cond && !false_eq_cond) { /* Insert the generated equalities before all other conditions */ if (eq_cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) ((Item_cond *) cond)->add_at_head( ((Item_cond *) eq_cond)->argument_list()); else { if (cond_list->is_empty()) cond= eq_cond; else { /* Do not add an equality condition if it's always true */ if (eq_cond->type() != Item::INT_ITEM && cond_list->push_front(eq_cond)) eq_cond= 0; } } } if (!eq_cond) { /* We are out of memory doing the transformation. This is a fatal error now. However we bail out by returning the original condition that we had before we started the transformation. */ cond_list->concat((List *) &cond_equal->current_level); } } } else if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::MULT_EQUAL_FUNC) { item_equal= (Item_equal *) cond; item_equal->sort(&compare_fields_by_table_order, table_join_idx); cond_equal= item_equal->upper_levels; if (cond_equal && cond_equal->current_level.head() == item_equal) cond_equal= cond_equal->upper_levels; cond= eliminate_item_equal(0, cond_equal, item_equal); return cond ? cond : org_cond; } else { while (cond_equal) { List_iterator_fast it(cond_equal->current_level); while((item_equal= it++)) { REPLACE_EQUAL_FIELD_ARG arg= {item_equal, context_tab}; cond= cond->transform(&Item::replace_equal_field, (uchar *) &arg); } cond_equal= cond_equal->upper_levels; } } return cond; } /** Check appearance of new constant items in multiple equalities of a condition after reading a constant table. The function retrieves the cond condition and for each encountered multiple equality checks whether new constants have appeared after reading the constant (single row) table tab. If so it adjusts the multiple equality appropriately. @param cond condition whose multiple equalities are to be checked @param table constant table that has been read @param const_key mark key parts as constant */ static void update_const_equal_items(COND *cond, JOIN_TAB *tab, bool const_key) { if (!(cond->used_tables() & tab->table->map)) return; if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { List *cond_list= ((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list(); List_iterator_fast li(*cond_list); Item *item; while ((item= li++)) update_const_equal_items(item, tab, (((Item_cond*) cond)->top_level() && ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC)); } else if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::MULT_EQUAL_FUNC) { Item_equal *item_equal= (Item_equal *) cond; bool contained_const= item_equal->get_const() != NULL; item_equal->update_const(); if (!contained_const && item_equal->get_const()) { /* Update keys for range analysis */ Item_equal_fields_iterator it(*item_equal); while (it++) { Field *field= it.get_curr_field(); JOIN_TAB *stat= field->table->reginfo.join_tab; key_map possible_keys= field->key_start; possible_keys.intersect(field->table->keys_in_use_for_query); stat[0].const_keys.merge(possible_keys); /* For each field in the multiple equality (for which we know that it is a constant) we have to find its corresponding key part, and set that key part in const_key_parts. */ if (!possible_keys.is_clear_all()) { TABLE *tab= field->table; KEYUSE *use; for (use= stat->keyuse; use && use->table == tab; use++) if (const_key && !use->is_for_hash_join() && possible_keys.is_set(use->key) && tab->key_info[use->key].key_part[use->keypart].field == field) tab->const_key_parts[use->key]|= use->keypart_map; } } } } } /* change field = field to field = const for each found field = const in the and_level */ static void change_cond_ref_to_const(THD *thd, I_List *save_list, Item *and_father, Item *cond, Item *field, Item *value) { if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { bool and_level= ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC; List_iterator li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); Item *item; while ((item=li++)) change_cond_ref_to_const(thd, save_list,and_level ? cond : item, item, field, value); return; } if (cond->eq_cmp_result() == Item::COND_OK) return; // Not a boolean function Item_bool_func2 *func= (Item_bool_func2*) cond; Item **args= func->arguments(); Item *left_item= args[0]; Item *right_item= args[1]; Item_func::Functype functype= func->functype(); if (right_item->eq(field,0) && left_item != value && right_item->cmp_context == field->cmp_context && (left_item->result_type() != STRING_RESULT || value->result_type() != STRING_RESULT || left_item->collation.collation == value->collation.collation)) { Item *tmp=value->clone_item(); if (tmp) { tmp->collation.set(right_item->collation); thd->change_item_tree(args + 1, tmp); func->update_used_tables(); if ((functype == Item_func::EQ_FUNC || functype == Item_func::EQUAL_FUNC) && and_father != cond && !left_item->const_item()) { cond->marker=1; COND_CMP *tmp2; if ((tmp2=new COND_CMP(and_father,func))) save_list->push_back(tmp2); } func->set_cmp_func(); } } else if (left_item->eq(field,0) && right_item != value && left_item->cmp_context == field->cmp_context && (right_item->result_type() != STRING_RESULT || value->result_type() != STRING_RESULT || right_item->collation.collation == value->collation.collation)) { Item *tmp= value->clone_item(); if (tmp) { tmp->collation.set(left_item->collation); thd->change_item_tree(args, tmp); value= tmp; func->update_used_tables(); if ((functype == Item_func::EQ_FUNC || functype == Item_func::EQUAL_FUNC) && and_father != cond && !right_item->const_item()) { args[0]= args[1]; // For easy check thd->change_item_tree(args + 1, value); cond->marker=1; COND_CMP *tmp2; if ((tmp2=new COND_CMP(and_father,func))) save_list->push_back(tmp2); } func->set_cmp_func(); } } } static void propagate_cond_constants(THD *thd, I_List *save_list, COND *and_father, COND *cond) { if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { bool and_level= ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC; List_iterator_fast li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); Item *item; I_List save; while ((item=li++)) { propagate_cond_constants(thd, &save,and_level ? cond : item, item); } if (and_level) { // Handle other found items I_List_iterator cond_itr(save); COND_CMP *cond_cmp; while ((cond_cmp=cond_itr++)) { Item **args= cond_cmp->cmp_func->arguments(); if (!args[0]->const_item()) change_cond_ref_to_const(thd, &save,cond_cmp->and_level, cond_cmp->and_level, args[0], args[1]); } } } else if (and_father != cond && !cond->marker) // In a AND group { if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && (((Item_func*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::EQ_FUNC || ((Item_func*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::EQUAL_FUNC)) { Item_func_eq *func=(Item_func_eq*) cond; Item **args= func->arguments(); bool left_const= args[0]->const_item() && !args[0]->is_expensive(); bool right_const= args[1]->const_item() && !args[1]->is_expensive(); if (!(left_const && right_const) && args[0]->cmp_type() == args[1]->cmp_type()) { if (right_const) { resolve_const_item(thd, &args[1], args[0]); func->update_used_tables(); change_cond_ref_to_const(thd, save_list, and_father, and_father, args[0], args[1]); } else if (left_const) { resolve_const_item(thd, &args[0], args[1]); func->update_used_tables(); change_cond_ref_to_const(thd, save_list, and_father, and_father, args[1], args[0]); } } } } } /** Simplify joins replacing outer joins by inner joins whenever it's possible. The function, during a retrieval of join_list, eliminates those outer joins that can be converted into inner join, possibly nested. It also moves the on expressions for the converted outer joins and from inner joins to conds. The function also calculates some attributes for nested joins: - used_tables - not_null_tables - dep_tables. - on_expr_dep_tables The first two attributes are used to test whether an outer join can be substituted for an inner join. The third attribute represents the relation 'to be dependent on' for tables. If table t2 is dependent on table t1, then in any evaluated execution plan table access to table t2 must precede access to table t2. This relation is used also to check whether the query contains invalid cross-references. The forth attribute is an auxiliary one and is used to calculate dep_tables. As the attribute dep_tables qualifies possibles orders of tables in the execution plan, the dependencies required by the straight join modifiers are reflected in this attribute as well. The function also removes all braces that can be removed from the join expression without changing its meaning. @note An outer join can be replaced by an inner join if the where condition or the on expression for an embedding nested join contains a conjunctive predicate rejecting null values for some attribute of the inner tables. E.g. in the query: @code SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t2.a=t1.a WHERE t2.b < 5 @endcode the predicate t2.b < 5 rejects nulls. The query is converted first to: @code SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t2.a=t1.a WHERE t2.b < 5 @endcode then to the equivalent form: @code SELECT * FROM t1, t2 ON t2.a=t1.a WHERE t2.b < 5 AND t2.a=t1.a @endcode Similarly the following query: @code SELECT * from t1 LEFT JOIN (t2, t3) ON t2.a=t1.a t3.b=t1.b WHERE t2.c < 5 @endcode is converted to: @code SELECT * FROM t1, (t2, t3) WHERE t2.c < 5 AND t2.a=t1.a t3.b=t1.b @endcode One conversion might trigger another: @code SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t2.a=t1.a LEFT JOIN t3 ON t3.b=t2.b WHERE t3 IS NOT NULL => SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t2.a=t1.a, t3 WHERE t3 IS NOT NULL AND t3.b=t2.b => SELECT * FROM t1, t2, t3 WHERE t3 IS NOT NULL AND t3.b=t2.b AND t2.a=t1.a @endcode The function removes all unnecessary braces from the expression produced by the conversions. E.g. @code SELECT * FROM t1, (t2, t3) WHERE t2.c < 5 AND t2.a=t1.a AND t3.b=t1.b @endcode finally is converted to: @code SELECT * FROM t1, t2, t3 WHERE t2.c < 5 AND t2.a=t1.a AND t3.b=t1.b @endcode It also will remove braces from the following queries: @code SELECT * from (t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t2.a=t1.a) LEFT JOIN t3 ON t3.b=t2.b SELECT * from (t1, (t2,t3)) WHERE t1.a=t2.a AND t2.b=t3.b. @endcode The benefit of this simplification procedure is that it might return a query for which the optimizer can evaluate execution plan with more join orders. With a left join operation the optimizer does not consider any plan where one of the inner tables is before some of outer tables. IMPLEMENTATION The function is implemented by a recursive procedure. On the recursive ascent all attributes are calculated, all outer joins that can be converted are replaced and then all unnecessary braces are removed. As join list contains join tables in the reverse order sequential elimination of outer joins does not require extra recursive calls. SEMI-JOIN NOTES Remove all semi-joins that have are within another semi-join (i.e. have an "ancestor" semi-join nest) EXAMPLES Here is an example of a join query with invalid cross references: @code SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t2.a=t3.a LEFT JOIN t3 ON t3.b=t1.b @endcode @param join reference to the query info @param join_list list representation of the join to be converted @param conds conditions to add on expressions for converted joins @param top true <=> conds is the where condition @param in_sj TRUE <=> processing semi-join nest's children @return - The new condition, if success - 0, otherwise */ static COND * simplify_joins(JOIN *join, List *join_list, COND *conds, bool top, bool in_sj) { TABLE_LIST *table; NESTED_JOIN *nested_join; TABLE_LIST *prev_table= 0; List_iterator li(*join_list); bool straight_join= test(join->select_options & SELECT_STRAIGHT_JOIN); DBUG_ENTER("simplify_joins"); /* Try to simplify join operations from join_list. The most outer join operation is checked for conversion first. */ while ((table= li++)) { table_map used_tables; table_map not_null_tables= (table_map) 0; if ((nested_join= table->nested_join)) { /* If the element of join_list is a nested join apply the procedure to its nested join list first. */ if (table->on_expr) { Item *expr= table->on_expr; /* If an on expression E is attached to the table, check all null rejected predicates in this expression. If such a predicate over an attribute belonging to an inner table of an embedded outer join is found, the outer join is converted to an inner join and the corresponding on expression is added to E. */ expr= simplify_joins(join, &nested_join->join_list, expr, FALSE, in_sj || table->sj_on_expr); if (!table->prep_on_expr || expr != table->on_expr) { DBUG_ASSERT(expr); table->on_expr= expr; table->prep_on_expr= expr->copy_andor_structure(join->thd); } } nested_join->used_tables= (table_map) 0; nested_join->not_null_tables=(table_map) 0; conds= simplify_joins(join, &nested_join->join_list, conds, top, in_sj || table->sj_on_expr); used_tables= nested_join->used_tables; not_null_tables= nested_join->not_null_tables; /* The following two might become unequal after table elimination: */ nested_join->n_tables= nested_join->join_list.elements; } else { if (!table->prep_on_expr) table->prep_on_expr= table->on_expr; used_tables= table->get_map(); if (conds) not_null_tables= conds->not_null_tables(); } if (table->embedding) { table->embedding->nested_join->used_tables|= used_tables; table->embedding->nested_join->not_null_tables|= not_null_tables; } if (!table->outer_join || (used_tables & not_null_tables)) { /* For some of the inner tables there are conjunctive predicates that reject nulls => the outer join can be replaced by an inner join. */ if (table->outer_join && !table->embedding && table->table) table->table->maybe_null= FALSE; table->outer_join= 0; if (table->on_expr) { /* Add ON expression to the WHERE or upper-level ON condition. */ if (conds) { conds= and_conds(conds, table->on_expr); conds->top_level_item(); /* conds is always a new item as both cond and on_expr existed */ DBUG_ASSERT(!conds->fixed); conds->fix_fields(join->thd, &conds); } else conds= table->on_expr; table->prep_on_expr= table->on_expr= 0; } } /* Only inner tables of non-convertible outer joins remain with on_expr. */ if (table->on_expr) { table->dep_tables|= table->on_expr->used_tables(); if (table->embedding) { table->dep_tables&= ~table->embedding->nested_join->used_tables; /* Embedding table depends on tables used in embedded on expressions. */ table->embedding->on_expr_dep_tables|= table->on_expr->used_tables(); } else table->dep_tables&= ~table->get_map(); } if (prev_table) { /* The order of tables is reverse: prev_table follows table */ if (prev_table->straight || straight_join) prev_table->dep_tables|= used_tables; if (prev_table->on_expr) { prev_table->dep_tables|= table->on_expr_dep_tables; table_map prev_used_tables= prev_table->nested_join ? prev_table->nested_join->used_tables : prev_table->get_map(); /* If on expression contains only references to inner tables we still make the inner tables dependent on the outer tables. It would be enough to set dependency only on one outer table for them. Yet this is really a rare case. Note: RAND_TABLE_BIT mask should not be counted as it prevents update of inner table dependences. For example it might happen if RAND() function is used in JOIN ON clause. */ if (!((prev_table->on_expr->used_tables() & ~(OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT | RAND_TABLE_BIT)) & ~prev_used_tables)) prev_table->dep_tables|= used_tables; } } prev_table= table; } /* Flatten nested joins that can be flattened. no ON expression and not a semi-join => can be flattened. */ li.rewind(); while ((table= li++)) { nested_join= table->nested_join; if (table->sj_on_expr && !in_sj) { /* If this is a semi-join that is not contained within another semi-join, leave it intact (otherwise it is flattened) */ join->select_lex->sj_nests.push_back(table); /* Also, walk through semi-join children and mark those that are now top-level */ TABLE_LIST *tbl; List_iterator it(nested_join->join_list); while ((tbl= it++)) { if (!tbl->on_expr && tbl->table) tbl->table->maybe_null= FALSE; } } else if (nested_join && !table->on_expr) { TABLE_LIST *tbl; List_iterator it(nested_join->join_list); List repl_list; while ((tbl= it++)) { tbl->embedding= table->embedding; if (!tbl->embedding && !tbl->on_expr && tbl->table) tbl->table->maybe_null= FALSE; tbl->join_list= table->join_list; repl_list.push_back(tbl); tbl->dep_tables|= table->dep_tables; } li.replace(repl_list); } } DBUG_RETURN(conds); } /** Assign each nested join structure a bit in nested_join_map. Assign each nested join structure (except ones that embed only one element and so are redundant) a bit in nested_join_map. @param join Join being processed @param join_list List of tables @param first_unused Number of first unused bit in nested_join_map before the call @note This function is called after simplify_joins(), when there are no redundant nested joins, #non_redundant_nested_joins <= #tables_in_join so we will not run out of bits in nested_join_map. @return First unused bit in nested_join_map after the call. */ static uint build_bitmap_for_nested_joins(List *join_list, uint first_unused) { List_iterator li(*join_list); TABLE_LIST *table; DBUG_ENTER("build_bitmap_for_nested_joins"); while ((table= li++)) { NESTED_JOIN *nested_join; if ((nested_join= table->nested_join)) { /* It is guaranteed by simplify_joins() function that a nested join that has only one child represents a single table VIEW (and the child is an underlying table). We don't assign bits to such nested join structures because 1. it is redundant (a "sequence" of one table cannot be interleaved with anything) 2. we could run out bits in nested_join_map otherwise. */ if (nested_join->n_tables != 1) { /* Don't assign bits to sj-nests */ if (table->on_expr) nested_join->nj_map= (nested_join_map) 1 << first_unused++; first_unused= build_bitmap_for_nested_joins(&nested_join->join_list, first_unused); } } } DBUG_RETURN(first_unused); } /** Set NESTED_JOIN::counter=0 in all nested joins in passed list. Recursively set NESTED_JOIN::counter=0 for all nested joins contained in the passed join_list. @param join_list List of nested joins to process. It may also contain base tables which will be ignored. */ static uint reset_nj_counters(JOIN *join, List *join_list) { List_iterator li(*join_list); TABLE_LIST *table; DBUG_ENTER("reset_nj_counters"); uint n=0; while ((table= li++)) { NESTED_JOIN *nested_join; bool is_eliminated_nest= FALSE; if ((nested_join= table->nested_join)) { nested_join->counter= 0; nested_join->n_tables= reset_nj_counters(join, &nested_join->join_list); if (!nested_join->n_tables) is_eliminated_nest= TRUE; } if ((table->nested_join && !is_eliminated_nest) || (!table->nested_join && (table->table->map & ~join->eliminated_tables))) n++; } DBUG_RETURN(n); } /** Check interleaving with an inner tables of an outer join for extension table. Check if table next_tab can be added to current partial join order, and if yes, record that it has been added. The function assumes that both current partial join order and its extension with next_tab are valid wrt table dependencies. @verbatim IMPLEMENTATION LIMITATIONS ON JOIN ORDER The nested [outer] joins executioner algorithm imposes these limitations on join order: 1. "Outer tables first" - any "outer" table must be before any corresponding "inner" table. 2. "No interleaving" - tables inside a nested join must form a continuous sequence in join order (i.e. the sequence must not be interrupted by tables that are outside of this nested join). #1 is checked elsewhere, this function checks #2 provided that #1 has been already checked. WHY NEED NON-INTERLEAVING Consider an example: select * from t0 join t1 left join (t2 join t3) on cond1 The join order "t1 t2 t0 t3" is invalid: table t0 is outside of the nested join, so WHERE condition for t0 is attached directly to t0 (without triggers, and it may be used to access t0). Applying WHERE(t0) to (t2,t0,t3) record is invalid as we may miss combinations of (t1, t2, t3) that satisfy condition cond1, and produce a null-complemented (t1, t2.NULLs, t3.NULLs) row, which should not have been produced. If table t0 is not between t2 and t3, the problem doesn't exist: If t0 is located after (t2,t3), WHERE(t0) is applied after nested join processing has finished. If t0 is located before (t2,t3), predicates like WHERE_cond(t0, t2) are wrapped into condition triggers, which takes care of correct nested join processing. HOW IT IS IMPLEMENTED The limitations on join order can be rephrased as follows: for valid join order one must be able to: 1. write down the used tables in the join order on one line. 2. for each nested join, put one '(' and one ')' on the said line 3. write "LEFT JOIN" and "ON (...)" where appropriate 4. get a query equivalent to the query we're trying to execute. Calls to check_interleaving_with_nj() are equivalent to writing the above described line from left to right. A single check_interleaving_with_nj(A,B) call is equivalent to writing table B and appropriate brackets on condition that table A and appropriate brackets is the last what was written. Graphically the transition is as follows: +---- current position | ... last_tab ))) | ( next_tab ) )..) | ... X Y Z | +- need to move to this position. Notes about the position: The caller guarantees that there is no more then one X-bracket by checking "!(remaining_tables & s->dependent)" before calling this function. X-bracket may have a pair in Y-bracket. When "writing" we store/update this auxilary info about the current position: 1. join->cur_embedding_map - bitmap of pairs of brackets (aka nested joins) we've opened but didn't close. 2. {each NESTED_JOIN structure not simplified away}->counter - number of this nested join's children that have already been added to to the partial join order. @endverbatim @param next_tab Table we're going to extend the current partial join with @retval FALSE Join order extended, nested joins info about current join order (see NOTE section) updated. @retval TRUE Requested join order extension not allowed. */ static bool check_interleaving_with_nj(JOIN_TAB *next_tab) { TABLE_LIST *next_emb= next_tab->table->pos_in_table_list->embedding; JOIN *join= next_tab->join; if (join->cur_embedding_map & ~next_tab->embedding_map) { /* next_tab is outside of the "pair of brackets" we're currently in. Cannot add it. */ return TRUE; } /* Do update counters for "pairs of brackets" that we've left (marked as X,Y,Z in the above picture) */ for (;next_emb && next_emb != join->emb_sjm_nest; next_emb= next_emb->embedding) { if (!next_emb->sj_on_expr) { next_emb->nested_join->counter++; if (next_emb->nested_join->counter == 1) { /* next_emb is the first table inside a nested join we've "entered". In the picture above, we're looking at the 'X' bracket. Don't exit yet as X bracket might have Y pair bracket. */ join->cur_embedding_map |= next_emb->nested_join->nj_map; } if (next_emb->nested_join->n_tables != next_emb->nested_join->counter) break; /* We're currently at Y or Z-bracket as depicted in the above picture. Mark that we've left it and continue walking up the brackets hierarchy. */ join->cur_embedding_map &= ~next_emb->nested_join->nj_map; } } return FALSE; } /** Nested joins perspective: Remove the last table from the join order. The algorithm is the reciprocal of check_interleaving_with_nj(), hence parent join nest nodes are updated only when the last table in its child node is removed. The ASCII graphic below will clarify. %A table nesting such as t1 x [ ( t2 x t3 ) x ( t4 x t5 ) ] is represented by the below join nest tree. @verbatim NJ1 _/ / \ _/ / NJ2 _/ / / \ / / / \ t1 x [ (t2 x t3) x (t4 x t5) ] @endverbatim At the point in time when check_interleaving_with_nj() adds the table t5 to the query execution plan, QEP, it also directs the node named NJ2 to mark the table as covered. NJ2 does so by incrementing its @c counter member. Since all of NJ2's tables are now covered by the QEP, the algorithm proceeds up the tree to NJ1, incrementing its counter as well. All join nests are now completely covered by the QEP. restore_prev_nj_state() does the above in reverse. As seen above, the node NJ1 contains the nodes t2, t3, and NJ2. Its counter being equal to 3 means that the plan covers t2, t3, and NJ2, @e and that the sub-plan (t4 x t5) completely covers NJ2. The removal of t5 from the partial plan will first decrement NJ2's counter to 1. It will then detect that NJ2 went from being completely to partially covered, and hence the algorithm must continue upwards to NJ1 and decrement its counter to 2. %A subsequent removal of t4 will however not influence NJ1 since it did not un-cover the last table in NJ2. SYNOPSIS restore_prev_nj_state() last join table to remove, it is assumed to be the last in current partial join order. DESCRIPTION Remove the last table from the partial join order and update the nested joins counters and join->cur_embedding_map. It is ok to call this function for the first table in join order (for which check_interleaving_with_nj has not been called) @param last join table to remove, it is assumed to be the last in current partial join order. */ static void restore_prev_nj_state(JOIN_TAB *last) { TABLE_LIST *last_emb= last->table->pos_in_table_list->embedding; JOIN *join= last->join; for (;last_emb != NULL && last_emb != join->emb_sjm_nest; last_emb= last_emb->embedding) { if (!last_emb->sj_on_expr) { NESTED_JOIN *nest= last_emb->nested_join; DBUG_ASSERT(nest->counter > 0); bool was_fully_covered= nest->is_fully_covered(); join->cur_embedding_map|= nest->nj_map; if (--nest->counter == 0) join->cur_embedding_map&= ~nest->nj_map; if (!was_fully_covered) break; } } } /* Change access methods not to use join buffering and adjust costs accordingly SYNOPSIS optimize_wo_join_buffering() join first_tab The first tab to do re-optimization for last_tab The last tab to do re-optimization for last_remaining_tables Bitmap of tables that are not in the [0...last_tab] join prefix first_alt TRUE <=> Use the LooseScan plan for the first_tab no_jbuf_before Don't allow to use join buffering before this table reopt_rec_count OUT New output record count reopt_cost OUT New join prefix cost DESCRIPTION Given a join prefix [0; ... first_tab], change the access to the tables in the [first_tab; last_tab] not to use join buffering. This is needed because some semi-join strategies cannot be used together with the join buffering. In general case the best table order in [first_tab; last_tab] range with join buffering is different from the best order without join buffering but we don't try finding a better join order. (TODO ask Igor why did we chose not to do this in the end. that's actually the difference from the forking approach) */ void optimize_wo_join_buffering(JOIN *join, uint first_tab, uint last_tab, table_map last_remaining_tables, bool first_alt, uint no_jbuf_before, double *outer_rec_count, double *reopt_cost) { double cost, rec_count; table_map reopt_remaining_tables= last_remaining_tables; uint i; if (first_tab > join->const_tables) { cost= join->positions[first_tab - 1].prefix_cost.total_cost(); rec_count= join->positions[first_tab - 1].prefix_record_count; } else { cost= 0.0; rec_count= 1; } *outer_rec_count= rec_count; for (i= first_tab; i <= last_tab; i++) reopt_remaining_tables |= join->positions[i].table->table->map; /* best_access_path() optimization depends on the value of join->cur_sj_inner_tables. Our goal in this function is to do a re-optimization with disabled join buffering, but no other changes. In order to achieve this, cur_sj_inner_tables needs have the same value it had during the original invocations of best_access_path. We know that this function, optimize_wo_join_buffering() is called to re-optimize semi-join join order range, which allows to conclude that the "original" value of cur_sj_inner_tables was 0. */ table_map save_cur_sj_inner_tables= join->cur_sj_inner_tables; join->cur_sj_inner_tables= 0; for (i= first_tab; i <= last_tab; i++) { JOIN_TAB *rs= join->positions[i].table; POSITION pos, loose_scan_pos; if ((i == first_tab && first_alt) || join->positions[i].use_join_buffer) { /* Find the best access method that would not use join buffering */ best_access_path(join, rs, reopt_remaining_tables, i, TRUE, rec_count, &pos, &loose_scan_pos); } else pos= join->positions[i]; if ((i == first_tab && first_alt)) pos= loose_scan_pos; reopt_remaining_tables &= ~rs->table->map; rec_count *= pos.records_read; cost += pos.read_time; if (!rs->emb_sj_nest) *outer_rec_count *= pos.records_read; } join->cur_sj_inner_tables= save_cur_sj_inner_tables; *reopt_cost= cost; } static COND * optimize_cond(JOIN *join, COND *conds, List *join_list, bool ignore_on_conds, Item::cond_result *cond_value, COND_EQUAL **cond_equal) { THD *thd= join->thd; DBUG_ENTER("optimize_cond"); if (!conds) { *cond_value= Item::COND_TRUE; if (!ignore_on_conds) build_equal_items(join, NULL, NULL, join_list, ignore_on_conds, cond_equal); } else { /* Build all multiple equality predicates and eliminate equality predicates that can be inferred from these multiple equalities. For each reference of a field included into a multiple equality that occurs in a function set a pointer to the multiple equality predicate. Substitute a constant instead of this field if the multiple equality contains a constant. */ DBUG_EXECUTE("where", print_where(conds, "original", QT_ORDINARY);); conds= build_equal_items(join, conds, NULL, join_list, ignore_on_conds, cond_equal); DBUG_EXECUTE("where",print_where(conds,"after equal_items", QT_ORDINARY);); /* change field = field to field = const for each found field = const */ propagate_cond_constants(thd, (I_List *) 0, conds, conds); /* Remove all instances of item == item Remove all and-levels where CONST item != CONST item */ DBUG_EXECUTE("where",print_where(conds,"after const change", QT_ORDINARY);); conds= remove_eq_conds(thd, conds, cond_value) ; DBUG_EXECUTE("info",print_where(conds,"after remove", QT_ORDINARY);); } DBUG_RETURN(conds); } /** Handles the recursive job remove_eq_conds() Remove const and eq items. Return new item, or NULL if no condition cond_value is set to according: COND_OK query is possible (field = constant) COND_TRUE always true ( 1 = 1 ) COND_FALSE always false ( 1 = 2 ) SYNOPSIS internal_remove_eq_conds() thd THD environment cond the condition to handle cond_value the resulting value of the condition RETURN *COND with the simplified condition */ static COND * internal_remove_eq_conds(THD *thd, COND *cond, Item::cond_result *cond_value) { if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { bool and_level= ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC; List_iterator li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); Item::cond_result tmp_cond_value; bool should_fix_fields=0; *cond_value=Item::COND_UNDEF; Item *item; while ((item=li++)) { Item *new_item=internal_remove_eq_conds(thd, item, &tmp_cond_value); if (!new_item) li.remove(); else if (item != new_item) { if (and_level) { /* Take a special care of multiple equality predicates that may be part of 'cond' and 'new_item'. Those multiple equalities that have common members must be merged. */ Item_cond_and *cond_and= (Item_cond_and *) cond; List *cond_equal_items= &cond_and->cond_equal.current_level; List *cond_and_list= cond_and->argument_list(); if (new_item->type() == Item::COND_ITEM && ((Item_cond*) new_item)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC) { Item_cond_and *new_item_and= (Item_cond_and *) new_item; List *new_item_equal_items= &new_item_and->cond_equal.current_level; List *new_item_and_list= new_item_and->argument_list(); cond_and_list->disjoin((List*) cond_equal_items); new_item_and_list->disjoin((List*) new_item_equal_items); Item_equal *equal_item; List_iterator it(*new_item_equal_items); while ((equal_item= it++)) { equal_item->merge_into_list(cond_equal_items); } if (new_item_and_list->is_empty()) li.remove(); else { Item *list_item; Item *new_list_item; uint cnt= new_item_and_list->elements; List_iterator it(*new_item_and_list); while ((list_item= it++)) { uchar* is_subst_valid= (uchar *) Item::ANY_SUBST; new_list_item= list_item->compile(&Item::subst_argument_checker, &is_subst_valid, &Item::equal_fields_propagator, (uchar *) &cond_and->cond_equal); if (new_list_item != list_item) it.replace(new_list_item); new_list_item->update_used_tables(); } li.replace(*new_item_and_list); for (cnt--; cnt; cnt--) item= li++; } cond_and_list->concat((List*) cond_equal_items); } else if (new_item->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_cond*) new_item)->functype() == Item_func::MULT_EQUAL_FUNC) { cond_and_list->disjoin((List*) cond_equal_items); ((Item_equal *) new_item)->merge_into_list(cond_equal_items); li.remove(); cond_and_list->concat((List*) cond_equal_items); } else li.replace(new_item); } else { if (new_item->type() == Item::COND_ITEM && ((Item_cond*) new_item)->functype() == ((Item_cond*) cond)->functype()) { List *arg_list= ((Item_cond*) new_item)->argument_list(); uint cnt= arg_list->elements; li.replace(*arg_list); for ( cnt--; cnt; cnt--) item= li++; } else li.replace(new_item); } should_fix_fields=1; } if (*cond_value == Item::COND_UNDEF) *cond_value=tmp_cond_value; switch (tmp_cond_value) { case Item::COND_OK: // Not TRUE or FALSE if (and_level || *cond_value == Item::COND_FALSE) *cond_value=tmp_cond_value; break; case Item::COND_FALSE: if (and_level) { *cond_value=tmp_cond_value; return (COND*) 0; // Always false } break; case Item::COND_TRUE: if (!and_level) { *cond_value= tmp_cond_value; return (COND*) 0; // Always true } break; case Item::COND_UNDEF: // Impossible break; /* purecov: deadcode */ } } if (should_fix_fields) cond->update_used_tables(); if (!((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()->elements || *cond_value != Item::COND_OK) return (COND*) 0; if (((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()->elements == 1) { // Remove list item= ((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()->head(); ((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()->empty(); return item; } } else if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_func*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::ISNULL_FUNC) { Item_func_isnull *func=(Item_func_isnull*) cond; Item **args= func->arguments(); if (args[0]->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) { Field *field=((Item_field*) args[0])->field; /* fix to replace 'NULL' dates with '0' (shreeve@uci.edu) */ /* See BUG#12594011 Documentation says that SELECT datetime_notnull d FROM t1 WHERE d IS NULL shall return rows where d=='0000-00-00' Thus, for DATE and DATETIME columns defined as NOT NULL, "date_notnull IS NULL" has to be modified to "date_notnull IS NULL OR date_notnull == 0" (if outer join) "date_notnull == 0" (otherwise) */ if (((field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_DATE) || (field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIME)) && (field->flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)) { Item *item0= new(thd->mem_root) Item_int((longlong)0, 1); Item *eq_cond= new(thd->mem_root) Item_func_eq(args[0], item0); if (!eq_cond) return cond; if (field->table->pos_in_table_list->outer_join) { // outer join: transform "col IS NULL" to "col IS NULL or col=0" Item *or_cond= new(thd->mem_root) Item_cond_or(eq_cond, cond); if (!or_cond) return cond; cond= or_cond; } else { // not outer join: transform "col IS NULL" to "col=0" cond= eq_cond; } cond->fix_fields(thd, &cond); } } if (cond->const_item() && !cond->is_expensive()) { *cond_value= eval_const_cond(cond) ? Item::COND_TRUE : Item::COND_FALSE; return (COND*) 0; } } else if (cond->const_item() && !cond->is_expensive()) { *cond_value= eval_const_cond(cond) ? Item::COND_TRUE : Item::COND_FALSE; return (COND*) 0; } else if ((*cond_value= cond->eq_cmp_result()) != Item::COND_OK) { // boolan compare function Item *left_item= ((Item_func*) cond)->arguments()[0]; Item *right_item= ((Item_func*) cond)->arguments()[1]; if (left_item->eq(right_item,1)) { if (!left_item->maybe_null || ((Item_func*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::EQUAL_FUNC) return (COND*) 0; // Compare of identical items } } *cond_value=Item::COND_OK; return cond; // Point at next and level } /** Remove const and eq items. Return new item, or NULL if no condition cond_value is set to according: COND_OK query is possible (field = constant) COND_TRUE always true ( 1 = 1 ) COND_FALSE always false ( 1 = 2 ) SYNPOSIS remove_eq_conds() thd THD environment cond the condition to handle cond_value the resulting value of the condition NOTES calls the inner_remove_eq_conds to check all the tree reqursively RETURN *COND with the simplified condition */ COND * remove_eq_conds(THD *thd, COND *cond, Item::cond_result *cond_value) { if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_func*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::ISNULL_FUNC) { /* Handles this special case for some ODBC applications: The are requesting the row that was just updated with a auto_increment value with this construct: SELECT * from table_name where auto_increment_column IS NULL This will be changed to: SELECT * from table_name where auto_increment_column = LAST_INSERT_ID */ Item_func_isnull *func=(Item_func_isnull*) cond; Item **args= func->arguments(); if (args[0]->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) { Field *field=((Item_field*) args[0])->field; if (field->flags & AUTO_INCREMENT_FLAG && !field->table->maybe_null && (thd->variables.option_bits & OPTION_AUTO_IS_NULL) && (thd->first_successful_insert_id_in_prev_stmt > 0 && thd->substitute_null_with_insert_id)) { #ifdef HAVE_QUERY_CACHE query_cache_abort(&thd->query_cache_tls); #endif COND *new_cond; if ((new_cond= new Item_func_eq(args[0], new Item_int("last_insert_id()", thd->read_first_successful_insert_id_in_prev_stmt(), MY_INT64_NUM_DECIMAL_DIGITS)))) { cond=new_cond; /* Item_func_eq can't be fixed after creation so we do not check cond->fixed, also it do not need tables so we use 0 as second argument. */ cond->fix_fields(thd, &cond); } /* IS NULL should be mapped to LAST_INSERT_ID only for first row, so clear for next row */ thd->substitute_null_with_insert_id= FALSE; *cond_value= Item::COND_OK; return cond; } } } return internal_remove_eq_conds(thd, cond, cond_value); // Scan all the condition } /* Check if equality can be used in removing components of GROUP BY/DISTINCT @param l the left comparison argument (a field if any) @param r the right comparison argument (a const of any) @details Checks if an equality predicate can be used to take away DISTINCT/GROUP BY because it is known to be true for exactly one distinct value (e.g. == ). Arguments must be compared in the native type of the left argument and (for strings) in the native collation of the left argument. Otherwise, for example, = may match more than 1 distinct value or the . @note We don't need to aggregate l and r collations here, because r - the constant item - has already been converted to a proper collation for comparison. We only need to compare this collation with field's collation. @retval true can be used @retval false cannot be used */ static bool test_if_equality_guarantees_uniqueness(Item *l, Item *r) { return r->const_item() && item_cmp_type(l->cmp_type(), r->cmp_type()) == l->cmp_type() && (l->cmp_type() != STRING_RESULT || l->collation.collation == r->collation.collation); } /* Return TRUE if i1 and i2 (if any) are equal items, or if i1 is a wrapper item around the f2 field. */ static bool equal(Item *i1, Item *i2, Field *f2) { DBUG_ASSERT((i2 == NULL) ^ (f2 == NULL)); if (i2 != NULL) return i1->eq(i2, 1); else if (i1->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) return f2->eq(((Item_field *) i1)->field); else return FALSE; } /** Test if a field or an item is equal to a constant value in WHERE @param cond WHERE clause expression @param comp_item Item to find in WHERE expression (if comp_field != NULL) @param comp_field Field to find in WHERE expression (if comp_item != NULL) @param[out] const_item intermediate arg, set to Item pointer to NULL @return TRUE if the field is a constant value in WHERE @note comp_item and comp_field parameters are mutually exclusive. */ bool const_expression_in_where(COND *cond, Item *comp_item, Field *comp_field, Item **const_item) { DBUG_ASSERT((comp_item == NULL) ^ (comp_field == NULL)); Item *intermediate= NULL; if (const_item == NULL) const_item= &intermediate; if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { bool and_level= (((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC); List_iterator_fast li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); Item *item; while ((item=li++)) { bool res=const_expression_in_where(item, comp_item, comp_field, const_item); if (res) // Is a const value { if (and_level) return 1; } else if (!and_level) return 0; } return and_level ? 0 : 1; } else if (cond->eq_cmp_result() != Item::COND_OK) { // boolean compare function Item_func* func= (Item_func*) cond; if (func->functype() != Item_func::EQUAL_FUNC && func->functype() != Item_func::EQ_FUNC) return 0; Item *left_item= ((Item_func*) cond)->arguments()[0]; Item *right_item= ((Item_func*) cond)->arguments()[1]; if (equal(left_item, comp_item, comp_field)) { if (test_if_equality_guarantees_uniqueness (left_item, right_item)) { if (*const_item) return right_item->eq(*const_item, 1); *const_item=right_item; return 1; } } else if (equal(right_item, comp_item, comp_field)) { if (test_if_equality_guarantees_uniqueness (right_item, left_item)) { if (*const_item) return left_item->eq(*const_item, 1); *const_item=left_item; return 1; } } } return 0; } /**************************************************************************** Create internal temporary table ****************************************************************************/ /** Create field for temporary table from given field. @param thd Thread handler @param org_field field from which new field will be created @param name New field name @param table Temporary table @param item !=NULL if item->result_field should point to new field. This is relevant for how fill_record() is going to work: If item != NULL then fill_record() will update the record in the original table. If item == NULL then fill_record() will update the temporary table @param convert_blob_length If >0 create a varstring(convert_blob_length) field instead of blob. @retval NULL on error @retval new_created field */ Field *create_tmp_field_from_field(THD *thd, Field *org_field, const char *name, TABLE *table, Item_field *item, uint convert_blob_length) { Field *new_field; /* Make sure that the blob fits into a Field_varstring which has 2-byte lenght. */ if (convert_blob_length && convert_blob_length <= Field_varstring::MAX_SIZE && (org_field->flags & BLOB_FLAG)) new_field= new Field_varstring(convert_blob_length, org_field->maybe_null(), org_field->field_name, table->s, org_field->charset()); else new_field= org_field->new_field(thd->mem_root, table, table == org_field->table); if (new_field) { new_field->init(table); new_field->orig_table= org_field->orig_table; if (item) item->result_field= new_field; else new_field->field_name= name; new_field->flags|= (org_field->flags & NO_DEFAULT_VALUE_FLAG); if (org_field->maybe_null() || (item && item->maybe_null)) new_field->flags&= ~NOT_NULL_FLAG; // Because of outer join if (org_field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_VAR_STRING || org_field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR) table->s->db_create_options|= HA_OPTION_PACK_RECORD; else if (org_field->type() == FIELD_TYPE_DOUBLE) ((Field_double *) new_field)->not_fixed= TRUE; new_field->vcol_info= 0; new_field->stored_in_db= TRUE; } return new_field; } /** Create field for temporary table using type of given item. @param thd Thread handler @param item Item to create a field for @param table Temporary table @param copy_func If set and item is a function, store copy of item in this array @param modify_item 1 if item->result_field should point to new item. This is relevent for how fill_record() is going to work: If modify_item is 1 then fill_record() will update the record in the original table. If modify_item is 0 then fill_record() will update the temporary table @param convert_blob_length If >0 create a varstring(convert_blob_length) field instead of blob. @retval 0 on error @retval new_created field */ static Field *create_tmp_field_from_item(THD *thd, Item *item, TABLE *table, Item ***copy_func, bool modify_item, uint convert_blob_length) { bool maybe_null= item->maybe_null; Field *new_field; LINT_INIT(new_field); switch (item->result_type()) { case REAL_RESULT: new_field= new Field_double(item->max_length, maybe_null, item->name, item->decimals, TRUE); break; case INT_RESULT: /* Select an integer type with the minimal fit precision. MY_INT32_NUM_DECIMAL_DIGITS is sign inclusive, don't consider the sign. Values with MY_INT32_NUM_DECIMAL_DIGITS digits may or may not fit into Field_long : make them Field_longlong. */ if (item->max_length >= (MY_INT32_NUM_DECIMAL_DIGITS - 1)) new_field=new Field_longlong(item->max_length, maybe_null, item->name, item->unsigned_flag); else new_field=new Field_long(item->max_length, maybe_null, item->name, item->unsigned_flag); break; case STRING_RESULT: DBUG_ASSERT(item->collation.collation); /* DATE/TIME and GEOMETRY fields have STRING_RESULT result type. To preserve type they needed to be handled separately. */ if (item->cmp_type() == TIME_RESULT || item->field_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_GEOMETRY) new_field= item->tmp_table_field_from_field_type(table, 1); /* Make sure that the blob fits into a Field_varstring which has 2-byte lenght. */ else if (item->max_length/item->collation.collation->mbmaxlen > 255 && convert_blob_length <= Field_varstring::MAX_SIZE && convert_blob_length) new_field= new Field_varstring(convert_blob_length, maybe_null, item->name, table->s, item->collation.collation); else new_field= item->make_string_field(table); new_field->set_derivation(item->collation.derivation); break; case DECIMAL_RESULT: new_field= Field_new_decimal::create_from_item(item); break; case ROW_RESULT: default: // This case should never be choosen DBUG_ASSERT(0); new_field= 0; break; } if (new_field) new_field->init(table); if (copy_func && item->is_result_field()) *((*copy_func)++) = item; // Save for copy_funcs if (modify_item) item->set_result_field(new_field); if (item->type() == Item::NULL_ITEM) new_field->is_created_from_null_item= TRUE; return new_field; } /** Create field for information schema table. @param thd Thread handler @param table Temporary table @param item Item to create a field for @retval 0 on error @retval new_created field */ Field *create_tmp_field_for_schema(THD *thd, Item *item, TABLE *table) { if (item->field_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR) { Field *field; if (item->max_length > MAX_FIELD_VARCHARLENGTH) field= new Field_blob(item->max_length, item->maybe_null, item->name, item->collation.collation); else field= new Field_varstring(item->max_length, item->maybe_null, item->name, table->s, item->collation.collation); if (field) field->init(table); return field; } return item->tmp_table_field_from_field_type(table, 0); } /** Create field for temporary table. @param thd Thread handler @param table Temporary table @param item Item to create a field for @param type Type of item (normally item->type) @param copy_func If set and item is a function, store copy of item in this array @param from_field if field will be created using other field as example, pointer example field will be written here @param default_field If field has a default value field, store it here @param group 1 if we are going to do a relative group by on result @param modify_item 1 if item->result_field should point to new item. This is relevent for how fill_record() is going to work: If modify_item is 1 then fill_record() will update the record in the original table. If modify_item is 0 then fill_record() will update the temporary table @param convert_blob_length If >0 create a varstring(convert_blob_length) field instead of blob. @retval 0 on error @retval new_created field */ Field *create_tmp_field(THD *thd, TABLE *table,Item *item, Item::Type type, Item ***copy_func, Field **from_field, Field **default_field, bool group, bool modify_item, bool table_cant_handle_bit_fields, bool make_copy_field, uint convert_blob_length) { Field *result; Item::Type orig_type= type; Item *orig_item= 0; if (type != Item::FIELD_ITEM && item->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) { orig_item= item; item= item->real_item(); type= Item::FIELD_ITEM; } switch (type) { case Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM: { Item_sum *item_sum=(Item_sum*) item; result= item_sum->create_tmp_field(group, table, convert_blob_length); if (!result) my_error(ER_OUT_OF_RESOURCES, MYF(ME_FATALERROR)); return result; } case Item::FIELD_ITEM: case Item::DEFAULT_VALUE_ITEM: case Item::INSERT_VALUE_ITEM: { Item_field *field= (Item_field*) item; bool orig_modify= modify_item; if (orig_type == Item::REF_ITEM) modify_item= 0; /* If item have to be able to store NULLs but underlaid field can't do it, create_tmp_field_from_field() can't be used for tmp field creation. */ if (((field->maybe_null && field->in_rollup) || (thd->create_tmp_table_for_derived && /* for mat. view/dt */ orig_item && orig_item->maybe_null)) && !field->field->maybe_null()) { bool save_maybe_null= FALSE; /* The item the ref points to may have maybe_null flag set while the ref doesn't have it. This may happen for outer fields when the outer query decided at some point after name resolution phase that this field might be null. Take this into account here. */ if (orig_item) { save_maybe_null= item->maybe_null; item->maybe_null= orig_item->maybe_null; } result= create_tmp_field_from_item(thd, item, table, NULL, modify_item, convert_blob_length); *from_field= field->field; if (result && modify_item) field->result_field= result; if (orig_item) item->maybe_null= save_maybe_null; } else if (table_cant_handle_bit_fields && field->field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BIT) { *from_field= field->field; result= create_tmp_field_from_item(thd, item, table, copy_func, modify_item, convert_blob_length); if (result && modify_item) field->result_field= result; } else result= create_tmp_field_from_field(thd, (*from_field= field->field), orig_item ? orig_item->name : item->name, table, modify_item ? field : NULL, convert_blob_length); if (orig_type == Item::REF_ITEM && orig_modify) ((Item_ref*)orig_item)->set_result_field(result); /* Fields that are used as arguments to the DEFAULT() function already have their data pointers set to the default value during name resolution. See Item_default_value::fix_fields. */ if (orig_type != Item::DEFAULT_VALUE_ITEM && field->field->eq_def(result)) *default_field= field->field; return result; } /* Fall through */ case Item::FUNC_ITEM: if (((Item_func *) item)->functype() == Item_func::FUNC_SP) { Item_func_sp *item_func_sp= (Item_func_sp *) item; Field *sp_result_field= item_func_sp->get_sp_result_field(); if (make_copy_field) { DBUG_ASSERT(item_func_sp->result_field); *from_field= item_func_sp->result_field; } else { *((*copy_func)++)= item; } Field *result_field= create_tmp_field_from_field(thd, sp_result_field, item_func_sp->name, table, NULL, convert_blob_length); if (modify_item) item->set_result_field(result_field); return result_field; } /* Fall through */ case Item::COND_ITEM: case Item::FIELD_AVG_ITEM: case Item::FIELD_STD_ITEM: case Item::SUBSELECT_ITEM: /* The following can only happen with 'CREATE TABLE ... SELECT' */ case Item::PROC_ITEM: case Item::INT_ITEM: case Item::REAL_ITEM: case Item::DECIMAL_ITEM: case Item::STRING_ITEM: case Item::REF_ITEM: case Item::NULL_ITEM: case Item::VARBIN_ITEM: case Item::CACHE_ITEM: case Item::EXPR_CACHE_ITEM: if (make_copy_field) { DBUG_ASSERT(((Item_result_field*)item)->result_field); *from_field= ((Item_result_field*)item)->result_field; } return create_tmp_field_from_item(thd, item, table, (make_copy_field ? 0 : copy_func), modify_item, convert_blob_length); case Item::TYPE_HOLDER: result= ((Item_type_holder *)item)->make_field_by_type(table); result->set_derivation(item->collation.derivation); return result; default: // Dosen't have to be stored return 0; } } /* Set up column usage bitmaps for a temporary table IMPLEMENTATION For temporary tables, we need one bitmap with all columns set and a tmp_set bitmap to be used by things like filesort. */ void setup_tmp_table_column_bitmaps(TABLE *table, uchar *bitmaps) { uint field_count= table->s->fields; bitmap_init(&table->def_read_set, (my_bitmap_map*) bitmaps, field_count, FALSE); bitmap_init(&table->def_vcol_set, (my_bitmap_map*) (bitmaps+ bitmap_buffer_size(field_count)), field_count, FALSE); bitmap_init(&table->tmp_set, (my_bitmap_map*) (bitmaps+ 2*bitmap_buffer_size(field_count)), field_count, FALSE); bitmap_init(&table->eq_join_set, (my_bitmap_map*) (bitmaps+ 3*bitmap_buffer_size(field_count)), field_count, FALSE); /* write_set and all_set are copies of read_set */ table->def_write_set= table->def_read_set; table->s->all_set= table->def_read_set; bitmap_set_all(&table->s->all_set); table->default_column_bitmaps(); } /** Create a temp table according to a field list. Given field pointers are changed to point at tmp_table for send_result_set_metadata. The table object is self contained: it's allocated in its own memory root, as well as Field objects created for table columns. This function will replace Item_sum items in 'fields' list with corresponding Item_field items, pointing at the fields in the temporary table, unless this was prohibited by TRUE value of argument save_sum_fields. The Item_field objects are created in THD memory root. @param thd thread handle @param param a description used as input to create the table @param fields list of items that will be used to define column types of the table (also see NOTES) @param group TODO document @param distinct should table rows be distinct @param save_sum_fields see NOTES @param select_options @param rows_limit @param table_alias possible name of the temporary table that can be used for name resolving; can be "". */ TABLE * create_tmp_table(THD *thd, TMP_TABLE_PARAM *param, List &fields, ORDER *group, bool distinct, bool save_sum_fields, ulonglong select_options, ha_rows rows_limit, const char *table_alias, bool do_not_open) { MEM_ROOT *mem_root_save, own_root; TABLE *table; TABLE_SHARE *share; uint i,field_count,null_count,null_pack_length; uint copy_func_count= param->func_count; uint hidden_null_count, hidden_null_pack_length, hidden_field_count; uint blob_count,group_null_items, string_count; uint temp_pool_slot=MY_BIT_NONE; uint fieldnr= 0; ulong reclength, string_total_length; bool using_unique_constraint= 0; bool use_packed_rows= 0; bool not_all_columns= !(select_options & TMP_TABLE_ALL_COLUMNS); char *tmpname,path[FN_REFLEN]; uchar *pos, *group_buff, *bitmaps; uchar *null_flags; Field **reg_field, **from_field, **default_field; uint *blob_field; Copy_field *copy=0; KEY *keyinfo; KEY_PART_INFO *key_part_info; Item **copy_func; ENGINE_COLUMNDEF *recinfo; /* total_uneven_bit_length is uneven bit length for visible fields hidden_uneven_bit_length is uneven bit length for hidden fields */ uint total_uneven_bit_length= 0, hidden_uneven_bit_length= 0; bool force_copy_fields= param->force_copy_fields; /* Treat sum functions as normal ones when loose index scan is used. */ save_sum_fields|= param->precomputed_group_by; DBUG_ENTER("create_tmp_table"); DBUG_PRINT("enter", ("distinct: %d save_sum_fields: %d rows_limit: %lu group: %d", (int) distinct, (int) save_sum_fields, (ulong) rows_limit,test(group))); status_var_increment(thd->status_var.created_tmp_tables); thd->query_plan_flags|= QPLAN_TMP_TABLE; if (use_temp_pool && !(test_flags & TEST_KEEP_TMP_TABLES)) temp_pool_slot = bitmap_lock_set_next(&temp_pool); if (temp_pool_slot != MY_BIT_NONE) // we got a slot sprintf(path, "%s_%lx_%i", tmp_file_prefix, current_pid, temp_pool_slot); else { /* if we run out of slots or we are not using tempool */ sprintf(path, "%s%lx_%lx_%x", tmp_file_prefix,current_pid, thd->thread_id, thd->tmp_table++); } /* No need to change table name to lower case as we are only creating MyISAM, Aria or HEAP tables here */ fn_format(path, path, mysql_tmpdir, "", MY_REPLACE_EXT|MY_UNPACK_FILENAME); if (group) { ORDER **prev= &group; if (!param->quick_group) group=0; // Can't use group key else for (ORDER *tmp=group ; tmp ; tmp=tmp->next) { /* Exclude found constant from the list */ if ((*tmp->item)->const_item()) { *prev= tmp->next; param->group_parts--; continue; } else prev= &(tmp->next); /* marker == 4 means two things: - store NULLs in the key, and - convert BIT fields to 64-bit long, needed because MEMORY tables can't index BIT fields. */ (*tmp->item)->marker=4; // Store null in key if ((*tmp->item)->too_big_for_varchar()) using_unique_constraint=1; } if (param->group_length >= MAX_BLOB_WIDTH) using_unique_constraint=1; if (group) distinct=0; // Can't use distinct } field_count=param->field_count+param->func_count+param->sum_func_count; hidden_field_count=param->hidden_field_count; /* When loose index scan is employed as access method, it already computes all groups and the result of all aggregate functions. We make space for the items of the aggregate function in the list of functions TMP_TABLE_PARAM::items_to_copy, so that the values of these items are stored in the temporary table. */ if (param->precomputed_group_by) copy_func_count+= param->sum_func_count; init_sql_alloc(&own_root, TABLE_ALLOC_BLOCK_SIZE, 0); if (!multi_alloc_root(&own_root, &table, sizeof(*table), &share, sizeof(*share), ®_field, sizeof(Field*) * (field_count+1), &default_field, sizeof(Field*) * (field_count), &blob_field, sizeof(uint)*(field_count+1), &from_field, sizeof(Field*)*field_count, ©_func, sizeof(*copy_func)*(copy_func_count+1), ¶m->keyinfo, sizeof(*param->keyinfo), &key_part_info, sizeof(*key_part_info)*(param->group_parts+1), ¶m->start_recinfo, sizeof(*param->recinfo)*(field_count*2+4), &tmpname, (uint) strlen(path)+1, &group_buff, (group && ! using_unique_constraint ? param->group_length : 0), &bitmaps, bitmap_buffer_size(field_count)*4, NullS)) { if (temp_pool_slot != MY_BIT_NONE) bitmap_lock_clear_bit(&temp_pool, temp_pool_slot); DBUG_RETURN(NULL); /* purecov: inspected */ } /* Copy_field belongs to TMP_TABLE_PARAM, allocate it in THD mem_root */ if (!(param->copy_field= copy= new (thd->mem_root) Copy_field[field_count])) { if (temp_pool_slot != MY_BIT_NONE) bitmap_lock_clear_bit(&temp_pool, temp_pool_slot); free_root(&own_root, MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ DBUG_RETURN(NULL); /* purecov: inspected */ } param->items_to_copy= copy_func; strmov(tmpname, path); /* make table according to fields */ bzero((char*) table,sizeof(*table)); bzero((char*) reg_field,sizeof(Field*)*(field_count+1)); bzero((char*) default_field, sizeof(Field*) * (field_count)); bzero((char*) from_field,sizeof(Field*)*field_count); table->mem_root= own_root; mem_root_save= thd->mem_root; thd->mem_root= &table->mem_root; table->field=reg_field; table->alias.set(table_alias, strlen(table_alias), table_alias_charset); table->reginfo.lock_type=TL_WRITE; /* Will be updated */ table->map=1; table->temp_pool_slot = temp_pool_slot; table->copy_blobs= 1; table->in_use= thd; table->quick_keys.init(); table->covering_keys.init(); table->merge_keys.init(); table->intersect_keys.init(); table->keys_in_use_for_query.init(); table->no_rows_with_nulls= param->force_not_null_cols; table->s= share; init_tmp_table_share(thd, share, "", 0, tmpname, tmpname); share->blob_field= blob_field; share->blob_ptr_size= portable_sizeof_char_ptr; share->table_charset= param->table_charset; share->primary_key= MAX_KEY; // Indicate no primary key share->keys_for_keyread.init(); share->keys_in_use.init(); if (param->schema_table) share->db= INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME; /* Calculate which type of fields we will store in the temporary table */ reclength= string_total_length= 0; blob_count= string_count= null_count= hidden_null_count= group_null_items= 0; param->using_indirect_summary_function=0; List_iterator_fast li(fields); Item *item; Field **tmp_from_field=from_field; while ((item=li++)) { Item::Type type=item->type(); if (not_all_columns) { if (item->with_sum_func && type != Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM) { if (item->used_tables() & OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT) item->update_used_tables(); if ((item->real_type() == Item::SUBSELECT_ITEM) || (item->used_tables() & ~OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT)) { /* Mark that the we have ignored an item that refers to a summary function. We need to know this if someone is going to use DISTINCT on the result. */ param->using_indirect_summary_function=1; continue; } } if (item->const_item() && (int) hidden_field_count <= 0) continue; // We don't have to store this } if (type == Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM && !group && !save_sum_fields) { /* Can't calc group yet */ Item_sum *sum_item= (Item_sum *) item; sum_item->result_field=0; for (i=0 ; i < sum_item->get_arg_count() ; i++) { Item *arg= sum_item->get_arg(i); if (!arg->const_item()) { Field *new_field= create_tmp_field(thd, table, arg, arg->type(), ©_func, tmp_from_field, &default_field[fieldnr], group != 0,not_all_columns, distinct, 0, param->convert_blob_length); if (!new_field) goto err; // Should be OOM tmp_from_field++; reclength+=new_field->pack_length(); if (new_field->flags & BLOB_FLAG) { *blob_field++= fieldnr; blob_count++; } if (new_field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BIT) total_uneven_bit_length+= new_field->field_length & 7; *(reg_field++)= new_field; if (new_field->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_STRING || new_field->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR) { string_count++; string_total_length+= new_field->pack_length(); } thd->mem_root= mem_root_save; arg= sum_item->set_arg(i, thd, new Item_field(new_field)); thd->mem_root= &table->mem_root; if (param->force_not_null_cols) { new_field->flags|= NOT_NULL_FLAG; new_field->null_ptr= NULL; } if (!(new_field->flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)) { null_count++; /* new_field->maybe_null() is still false, it will be changed below. But we have to setup Item_field correctly */ arg->maybe_null=1; } new_field->field_index= fieldnr++; } } } else { /* The last parameter to create_tmp_field() is a bit tricky: We need to set it to 0 in union, to get fill_record() to modify the temporary table. We need to set it to 1 on multi-table-update and in select to write rows to the temporary table. We here distinguish between UNION and multi-table-updates by the fact that in the later case group is set to the row pointer. The test for item->marker == 4 is ensure we don't create a group-by key over a bit field as heap tables can't handle that. */ Field *new_field= (param->schema_table) ? create_tmp_field_for_schema(thd, item, table) : create_tmp_field(thd, table, item, type, ©_func, tmp_from_field, &default_field[fieldnr], group != 0, !force_copy_fields && (not_all_columns || group !=0), /* If item->marker == 4 then we force create_tmp_field to create a 64-bit longs for BIT fields because HEAP tables can't index BIT fields directly. We do the same for distinct, as we want the distinct index to be usable in this case too. */ item->marker == 4 || param->bit_fields_as_long, force_copy_fields, param->convert_blob_length); if (!new_field) { if (thd->is_fatal_error) goto err; // Got OOM continue; // Some kind of const item } if (type == Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM) { Item_sum *agg_item= (Item_sum *) item; /* Update the result field only if it has never been set, or if the created temporary table is not to be used for subquery materialization. The reason is that for subqueries that require materialization as part of their plan, we create the 'external' temporary table needed for IN execution, after the 'internal' temporary table needed for grouping. Since both the external and the internal temporary tables are created for the same list of SELECT fields of the subquery, setting 'result_field' for each invocation of create_tmp_table overrides the previous value of 'result_field'. The condition below prevents the creation of the external temp table to override the 'result_field' that was set for the internal temp table. */ if (!agg_item->result_field || !param->materialized_subquery) agg_item->result_field= new_field; } tmp_from_field++; if (param->force_not_null_cols) { new_field->flags|= NOT_NULL_FLAG; new_field->null_ptr= NULL; } reclength+=new_field->pack_length(); if (!(new_field->flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)) null_count++; if (new_field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BIT) total_uneven_bit_length+= new_field->field_length & 7; if (new_field->flags & BLOB_FLAG) { *blob_field++= fieldnr; blob_count++; } if (new_field->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_STRING || new_field->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR) { string_count++; string_total_length+= new_field->pack_length(); } if (item->marker == 4 && item->maybe_null) { group_null_items++; new_field->flags|= GROUP_FLAG; } new_field->field_index= fieldnr++; *(reg_field++)= new_field; } if (!--hidden_field_count) { /* This was the last hidden field; Remember how many hidden fields could have null */ hidden_null_count=null_count; /* We need to update hidden_field_count as we may have stored group functions with constant arguments */ param->hidden_field_count= fieldnr; null_count= 0; /* On last hidden field we store uneven bit length in hidden_uneven_bit_length and proceed calculation of uneven bits for visible fields into total_uneven_bit_length variable. */ hidden_uneven_bit_length= total_uneven_bit_length; total_uneven_bit_length= 0; } } DBUG_ASSERT(fieldnr == (uint) (reg_field - table->field)); DBUG_ASSERT(field_count >= (uint) (reg_field - table->field)); field_count= fieldnr; *reg_field= 0; *blob_field= 0; // End marker share->fields= field_count; share->column_bitmap_size= bitmap_buffer_size(share->fields); /* If result table is small; use a heap */ /* future: storage engine selection can be made dynamic? */ if (blob_count || using_unique_constraint || (thd->variables.big_tables && !(select_options & SELECT_SMALL_RESULT)) || (select_options & TMP_TABLE_FORCE_MYISAM) || thd->variables.tmp_table_size == 0) { share->db_plugin= ha_lock_engine(0, TMP_ENGINE_HTON); table->file= get_new_handler(share, &table->mem_root, share->db_type()); if (group && (param->group_parts > table->file->max_key_parts() || param->group_length > table->file->max_key_length())) using_unique_constraint=1; } else { share->db_plugin= ha_lock_engine(0, heap_hton); table->file= get_new_handler(share, &table->mem_root, share->db_type()); } if (!table->file) goto err; if (!using_unique_constraint) reclength+= group_null_items; // null flag is stored separately share->blob_fields= blob_count; if (blob_count == 0) { /* We need to ensure that first byte is not 0 for the delete link */ if (param->hidden_field_count) hidden_null_count++; else null_count++; } hidden_null_pack_length= (hidden_null_count + 7 + hidden_uneven_bit_length) / 8; null_pack_length= (hidden_null_pack_length + (null_count + total_uneven_bit_length + 7) / 8); reclength+=null_pack_length; if (!reclength) reclength=1; // Dummy select /* Use packed rows if there is blobs or a lot of space to gain */ if (blob_count || (string_total_length >= STRING_TOTAL_LENGTH_TO_PACK_ROWS && (reclength / string_total_length <= RATIO_TO_PACK_ROWS || string_total_length / string_count >= AVG_STRING_LENGTH_TO_PACK_ROWS))) use_packed_rows= 1; share->reclength= reclength; { uint alloc_length=ALIGN_SIZE(reclength+MI_UNIQUE_HASH_LENGTH+1); share->rec_buff_length= alloc_length; if (!(table->record[0]= (uchar*) alloc_root(&table->mem_root, alloc_length*3))) goto err; table->record[1]= table->record[0]+alloc_length; share->default_values= table->record[1]+alloc_length; } copy_func[0]=0; // End marker param->func_count= copy_func - param->items_to_copy; setup_tmp_table_column_bitmaps(table, bitmaps); recinfo=param->start_recinfo; null_flags=(uchar*) table->record[0]; pos=table->record[0]+ null_pack_length; if (null_pack_length) { bzero((uchar*) recinfo,sizeof(*recinfo)); recinfo->type=FIELD_NORMAL; recinfo->length=null_pack_length; recinfo++; bfill(null_flags,null_pack_length,255); // Set null fields table->null_flags= (uchar*) table->record[0]; share->null_fields= null_count+ hidden_null_count; share->null_bytes= share->null_bytes_for_compare= null_pack_length; } null_count= (blob_count == 0) ? 1 : 0; hidden_field_count=param->hidden_field_count; for (i=0,reg_field=table->field; i < field_count; i++,reg_field++,recinfo++) { Field *field= *reg_field; uint length; bzero((uchar*) recinfo,sizeof(*recinfo)); if (!(field->flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)) { if (field->flags & GROUP_FLAG && !using_unique_constraint) { /* We have to reserve one byte here for NULL bits, as this is updated by 'end_update()' */ *pos++=0; // Null is stored here recinfo->length=1; recinfo->type=FIELD_NORMAL; recinfo++; bzero((uchar*) recinfo,sizeof(*recinfo)); } else { recinfo->null_bit= (uint8)1 << (null_count & 7); recinfo->null_pos= null_count/8; } field->move_field(pos,null_flags+null_count/8, (uint8)1 << (null_count & 7)); null_count++; } else field->move_field(pos,(uchar*) 0,0); if (field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BIT) { /* We have to reserve place for extra bits among null bits */ ((Field_bit*) field)->set_bit_ptr(null_flags + null_count / 8, null_count & 7); null_count+= (field->field_length & 7); } field->reset(); /* Test if there is a default field value. The test for ->ptr is to skip 'offset' fields generated by initalize_tables */ if (default_field[i] && default_field[i]->ptr) { /* default_field[i] is set only in the cases when 'field' can inherit the default value that is defined for the field referred by the Item_field object from which 'field' has been created. */ my_ptrdiff_t diff; Field *orig_field= default_field[i]; /* Get the value from default_values */ diff= (my_ptrdiff_t) (orig_field->table->s->default_values- orig_field->table->record[0]); orig_field->move_field_offset(diff); // Points now at default_values if (orig_field->is_real_null()) field->set_null(); else { field->set_notnull(); memcpy(field->ptr, orig_field->ptr, field->pack_length()); } orig_field->move_field_offset(-diff); // Back to record[0] } if (from_field[i]) { /* Not a table Item */ copy->set(field,from_field[i],save_sum_fields); copy++; } length=field->pack_length(); pos+= length; /* Make entry for create table */ recinfo->length=length; if (field->flags & BLOB_FLAG) recinfo->type= FIELD_BLOB; else if (use_packed_rows && field->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_STRING && length >= MIN_STRING_LENGTH_TO_PACK_ROWS) recinfo->type= FIELD_SKIP_ENDSPACE; else if (field->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR) recinfo->type= FIELD_VARCHAR; else recinfo->type= FIELD_NORMAL; if (!--hidden_field_count) null_count=(null_count+7) & ~7; // move to next byte // fix table name in field entry field->set_table_name(&table->alias); } param->copy_field_end=copy; param->recinfo= recinfo; // Pointer to after last field store_record(table,s->default_values); // Make empty default record if (thd->variables.tmp_table_size == ~ (ulonglong) 0) // No limit share->max_rows= ~(ha_rows) 0; else share->max_rows= (ha_rows) (((share->db_type() == heap_hton) ? min(thd->variables.tmp_table_size, thd->variables.max_heap_table_size) : thd->variables.tmp_table_size) / share->reclength); set_if_bigger(share->max_rows,1); // For dummy start options /* Push the LIMIT clause to the temporary table creation, so that we materialize only up to 'rows_limit' records instead of all result records. */ set_if_smaller(share->max_rows, rows_limit); param->end_write_records= rows_limit; keyinfo= param->keyinfo; if (group) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("Creating group key in temporary table")); table->group=group; /* Table is grouped by key */ param->group_buff=group_buff; share->keys=1; share->uniques= test(using_unique_constraint); table->key_info= table->s->key_info= keyinfo; table->keys_in_use_for_query.set_bit(0); share->keys_in_use.set_bit(0); keyinfo->key_part=key_part_info; keyinfo->flags=HA_NOSAME | HA_BINARY_PACK_KEY | HA_PACK_KEY; keyinfo->ext_key_flags= keyinfo->flags; keyinfo->usable_key_parts=keyinfo->key_parts= param->group_parts; keyinfo->ext_key_parts= keyinfo->key_parts; keyinfo->key_length=0; keyinfo->rec_per_key=0; keyinfo->algorithm= HA_KEY_ALG_UNDEF; keyinfo->name= (char*) "group_key"; ORDER *cur_group= group; for (; cur_group ; cur_group= cur_group->next, key_part_info++) { Field *field=(*cur_group->item)->get_tmp_table_field(); DBUG_ASSERT(field->table == table); bool maybe_null=(*cur_group->item)->maybe_null; key_part_info->null_bit=0; key_part_info->field= field; key_part_info->fieldnr= field->field_index + 1; if (cur_group == group) field->key_start.set_bit(0); key_part_info->offset= field->offset(table->record[0]); key_part_info->length= (uint16) field->key_length(); key_part_info->type= (uint8) field->key_type(); key_part_info->key_type = ((ha_base_keytype) key_part_info->type == HA_KEYTYPE_TEXT || (ha_base_keytype) key_part_info->type == HA_KEYTYPE_VARTEXT1 || (ha_base_keytype) key_part_info->type == HA_KEYTYPE_VARTEXT2) ? 0 : FIELDFLAG_BINARY; key_part_info->key_part_flag= 0; if (!using_unique_constraint) { cur_group->buff=(char*) group_buff; if (maybe_null && !field->null_bit) { /* This can only happen in the unusual case where an outer join table was found to be not-nullable by the optimizer and we the item can't really be null. We solve this by marking the item as !maybe_null to ensure that the key,field and item definition match. */ (*cur_group->item)->maybe_null= maybe_null= 0; } if (!(cur_group->field= field->new_key_field(thd->mem_root,table, group_buff + test(maybe_null), field->null_ptr, field->null_bit))) goto err; /* purecov: inspected */ if (maybe_null) { /* To be able to group on NULL, we reserved place in group_buff for the NULL flag just before the column. (see above). The field data is after this flag. The NULL flag is updated in 'end_update()' and 'end_write()' */ keyinfo->flags|= HA_NULL_ARE_EQUAL; // def. that NULL == NULL key_part_info->null_bit=field->null_bit; key_part_info->null_offset= (uint) (field->null_ptr - (uchar*) table->record[0]); cur_group->buff++; // Pointer to field data group_buff++; // Skipp null flag } /* In GROUP BY 'a' and 'a ' are equal for VARCHAR fields */ key_part_info->key_part_flag|= HA_END_SPACE_ARE_EQUAL; group_buff+= cur_group->field->pack_length(); } keyinfo->key_length+= key_part_info->length; } /* Ensure we didn't overrun the group buffer. The < is only true when some maybe_null fields was changed to be not null fields. */ DBUG_ASSERT(using_unique_constraint || group_buff <= param->group_buff + param->group_length); } if (distinct && field_count != param->hidden_field_count) { /* Create an unique key or an unique constraint over all columns that should be in the result. In the temporary table, there are 'param->hidden_field_count' extra columns, whose null bits are stored in the first 'hidden_null_pack_length' bytes of the row. */ DBUG_PRINT("info",("hidden_field_count: %d", param->hidden_field_count)); if (blob_count) { /* Special mode for index creation in MyISAM used to support unique indexes on blobs with arbitrary length. Such indexes cannot be used for lookups. */ share->uniques= 1; } null_pack_length-=hidden_null_pack_length; keyinfo->key_parts= ((field_count-param->hidden_field_count)+ (share->uniques ? test(null_pack_length) : 0)); keyinfo->ext_key_parts= keyinfo->key_parts; table->distinct= 1; share->keys= 1; if (!(key_part_info= (KEY_PART_INFO*) alloc_root(&table->mem_root, keyinfo->key_parts * sizeof(KEY_PART_INFO)))) goto err; bzero((void*) key_part_info, keyinfo->key_parts * sizeof(KEY_PART_INFO)); table->keys_in_use_for_query.set_bit(0); share->keys_in_use.set_bit(0); table->key_info= table->s->key_info= keyinfo; keyinfo->key_part=key_part_info; keyinfo->flags=HA_NOSAME | HA_NULL_ARE_EQUAL | HA_BINARY_PACK_KEY | HA_PACK_KEY; keyinfo->ext_key_flags= keyinfo->flags; keyinfo->key_length= 0; // Will compute the sum of the parts below. keyinfo->name= (char*) "distinct_key"; keyinfo->algorithm= HA_KEY_ALG_UNDEF; keyinfo->rec_per_key=0; /* Create an extra field to hold NULL bits so that unique indexes on blobs can distinguish NULL from 0. This extra field is not needed when we do not use UNIQUE indexes for blobs. */ if (null_pack_length && share->uniques) { key_part_info->null_bit=0; key_part_info->offset=hidden_null_pack_length; key_part_info->length=null_pack_length; key_part_info->field= new Field_string(table->record[0], (uint32) key_part_info->length, (uchar*) 0, (uint) 0, Field::NONE, NullS, &my_charset_bin); if (!key_part_info->field) goto err; key_part_info->field->init(table); key_part_info->key_type=FIELDFLAG_BINARY; key_part_info->type= HA_KEYTYPE_BINARY; key_part_info->fieldnr= key_part_info->field->field_index + 1; key_part_info++; } /* Create a distinct key over the columns we are going to return */ for (i=param->hidden_field_count, reg_field=table->field + i ; i < field_count; i++, reg_field++, key_part_info++) { key_part_info->field= *reg_field; (*reg_field)->flags |= PART_KEY_FLAG; if (key_part_info == keyinfo->key_part) (*reg_field)->key_start.set_bit(0); key_part_info->null_bit= (*reg_field)->null_bit; key_part_info->null_offset= (uint) ((*reg_field)->null_ptr - (uchar*) table->record[0]); key_part_info->offset= (*reg_field)->offset(table->record[0]); key_part_info->length= (uint16) (*reg_field)->pack_length(); key_part_info->fieldnr= (*reg_field)->field_index + 1; /* TODO: The below method of computing the key format length of the key part is a copy/paste from opt_range.cc, and table.cc. This should be factored out, e.g. as a method of Field. In addition it is not clear if any of the Field::*_length methods is supposed to compute the same length. If so, it might be reused. */ key_part_info->store_length= key_part_info->length; if ((*reg_field)->real_maybe_null()) { key_part_info->store_length+= HA_KEY_NULL_LENGTH; key_part_info->key_part_flag |= HA_NULL_PART; } if ((*reg_field)->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB || (*reg_field)->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR || (*reg_field)->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_GEOMETRY) { if ((*reg_field)->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB || (*reg_field)->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_GEOMETRY) key_part_info->key_part_flag|= HA_BLOB_PART; else key_part_info->key_part_flag|= HA_VAR_LENGTH_PART; key_part_info->store_length+=HA_KEY_BLOB_LENGTH; } keyinfo->key_length+= key_part_info->store_length; key_part_info->type= (uint8) (*reg_field)->key_type(); key_part_info->key_type = ((ha_base_keytype) key_part_info->type == HA_KEYTYPE_TEXT || (ha_base_keytype) key_part_info->type == HA_KEYTYPE_VARTEXT1 || (ha_base_keytype) key_part_info->type == HA_KEYTYPE_VARTEXT2) ? 0 : FIELDFLAG_BINARY; } } if (thd->is_fatal_error) // If end of memory goto err; /* purecov: inspected */ share->db_record_offset= 1; table->used_for_duplicate_elimination= (param->sum_func_count == 0 && (table->group || table->distinct)); if (!do_not_open) { if (share->db_type() == TMP_ENGINE_HTON) { if (create_internal_tmp_table(table, param->keyinfo, param->start_recinfo, ¶m->recinfo, select_options, thd->variables.big_tables)) goto err; } if (open_tmp_table(table)) goto err; } // Make empty record so random data is not written to disk empty_record(table); thd->mem_root= mem_root_save; DBUG_RETURN(table); err: thd->mem_root= mem_root_save; free_tmp_table(thd,table); /* purecov: inspected */ if (temp_pool_slot != MY_BIT_NONE) bitmap_lock_clear_bit(&temp_pool, temp_pool_slot); DBUG_RETURN(NULL); /* purecov: inspected */ } /****************************************************************************/ /** Create a reduced TABLE object with properly set up Field list from a list of field definitions. The created table doesn't have a table handler associated with it, has no keys, no group/distinct, no copy_funcs array. The sole purpose of this TABLE object is to use the power of Field class to read/write data to/from table->record[0]. Then one can store the record in any container (RB tree, hash, etc). The table is created in THD mem_root, so are the table's fields. Consequently, if you don't BLOB fields, you don't need to free it. @param thd connection handle @param field_list list of column definitions @return 0 if out of memory, TABLE object in case of success */ TABLE *create_virtual_tmp_table(THD *thd, List &field_list) { uint field_count= field_list.elements; uint blob_count= 0; Field **field; Create_field *cdef; /* column definition */ uint record_length= 0; uint null_count= 0; /* number of columns which may be null */ uint null_pack_length; /* NULL representation array length */ uint *blob_field; uchar *bitmaps; TABLE *table; TABLE_SHARE *share; if (!multi_alloc_root(thd->mem_root, &table, sizeof(*table), &share, sizeof(*share), &field, (field_count + 1) * sizeof(Field*), &blob_field, (field_count+1) *sizeof(uint), &bitmaps, bitmap_buffer_size(field_count)*4, NullS)) return 0; bzero(table, sizeof(*table)); bzero(share, sizeof(*share)); table->field= field; table->s= share; table->temp_pool_slot= MY_BIT_NONE; share->blob_field= blob_field; share->fields= field_count; share->blob_ptr_size= portable_sizeof_char_ptr; setup_tmp_table_column_bitmaps(table, bitmaps); /* Create all fields and calculate the total length of record */ List_iterator_fast it(field_list); while ((cdef= it++)) { *field= make_field(share, 0, cdef->length, (uchar*) (f_maybe_null(cdef->pack_flag) ? "" : 0), f_maybe_null(cdef->pack_flag) ? 1 : 0, cdef->pack_flag, cdef->sql_type, cdef->charset, cdef->geom_type, cdef->unireg_check, cdef->interval, cdef->field_name); if (!*field) goto error; (*field)->init(table); record_length+= (*field)->pack_length(); if (! ((*field)->flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)) null_count++; if ((*field)->flags & BLOB_FLAG) share->blob_field[blob_count++]= (uint) (field - table->field); field++; } *field= NULL; /* mark the end of the list */ share->blob_field[blob_count]= 0; /* mark the end of the list */ share->blob_fields= blob_count; null_pack_length= (null_count + 7)/8; share->reclength= record_length + null_pack_length; share->rec_buff_length= ALIGN_SIZE(share->reclength + 1); table->record[0]= (uchar*) thd->alloc(share->rec_buff_length); if (!table->record[0]) goto error; if (null_pack_length) { table->null_flags= (uchar*) table->record[0]; share->null_fields= null_count; share->null_bytes= share->null_bytes_for_compare= null_pack_length; } table->in_use= thd; /* field->reset() may access table->in_use */ { /* Set up field pointers */ uchar *null_pos= table->record[0]; uchar *field_pos= null_pos + share->null_bytes; uint null_bit= 1; for (field= table->field; *field; ++field) { Field *cur_field= *field; if ((cur_field->flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)) cur_field->move_field(field_pos); else { cur_field->move_field(field_pos, (uchar*) null_pos, null_bit); null_bit<<= 1; if (null_bit == (uint)1 << 8) { ++null_pos; null_bit= 1; } } if (cur_field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BIT && cur_field->key_type() == HA_KEYTYPE_BIT) { /* This is a Field_bit since key_type is HA_KEYTYPE_BIT */ static_cast(cur_field)->set_bit_ptr(null_pos, null_bit); null_bit+= cur_field->field_length & 7; if (null_bit > 7) { null_pos++; null_bit-= 8; } } cur_field->reset(); field_pos+= cur_field->pack_length(); } } return table; error: for (field= table->field; *field; ++field) delete *field; /* just invokes field destructor */ return 0; } bool open_tmp_table(TABLE *table) { int error; if ((error= table->file->ha_open(table, table->s->table_name.str, O_RDWR, HA_OPEN_TMP_TABLE | HA_OPEN_INTERNAL_TABLE))) { table->file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ table->db_stat=0; return(1); } table->db_stat= HA_OPEN_KEYFILE+HA_OPEN_RNDFILE; (void) table->file->extra(HA_EXTRA_QUICK); /* Faster */ table->created= TRUE; return(0); } #if defined(WITH_ARIA_STORAGE_ENGINE) && defined(USE_ARIA_FOR_TMP_TABLES) /* Create internal (MyISAM or Maria) temporary table SYNOPSIS create_internal_tmp_table() table Table object that descrimes the table to be created keyinfo Description of the index (there is always one index) start_recinfo engine's column descriptions recinfo INOUT End of engine's column descriptions options Option bits DESCRIPTION Create an internal emporary table according to passed description. The is assumed to have one unique index or constraint. The passed array or ENGINE_COLUMNDEF structures must have this form: 1. 1-byte column (afaiu for 'deleted' flag) (note maybe not 1-byte when there are many nullable columns) 2. Table columns 3. One free ENGINE_COLUMNDEF element (*recinfo points here) This function may use the free element to create hash column for unique constraint. RETURN FALSE - OK TRUE - Error */ bool create_internal_tmp_table(TABLE *table, KEY *keyinfo, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF *start_recinfo, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF **recinfo, ulonglong options, my_bool big_tables) { int error; MARIA_KEYDEF keydef; MARIA_UNIQUEDEF uniquedef; TABLE_SHARE *share= table->s; MARIA_CREATE_INFO create_info; DBUG_ENTER("create_internal_tmp_table"); if (share->keys) { // Get keys for ni_create bool using_unique_constraint=0; HA_KEYSEG *seg= (HA_KEYSEG*) alloc_root(&table->mem_root, sizeof(*seg) * keyinfo->key_parts); if (!seg) goto err; bzero(seg, sizeof(*seg) * keyinfo->key_parts); if (keyinfo->key_length >= table->file->max_key_length() || keyinfo->key_parts > table->file->max_key_parts() || share->uniques) { if (!share->uniques && !(keyinfo->flags & HA_NOSAME)) { my_error(ER_INTERNAL_ERROR, MYF(0), "Using too big key for internal temp tables"); DBUG_RETURN(1); } /* Can't create a key; Make a unique constraint instead of a key */ share->keys= 0; share->uniques= 1; using_unique_constraint=1; bzero((char*) &uniquedef,sizeof(uniquedef)); uniquedef.keysegs=keyinfo->key_parts; uniquedef.seg=seg; uniquedef.null_are_equal=1; /* Create extra column for hash value */ bzero((uchar*) *recinfo,sizeof(**recinfo)); (*recinfo)->type= FIELD_CHECK; (*recinfo)->length= MARIA_UNIQUE_HASH_LENGTH; (*recinfo)++; share->reclength+= MARIA_UNIQUE_HASH_LENGTH; } else { /* Create a key */ bzero((char*) &keydef,sizeof(keydef)); keydef.flag= keyinfo->flags & HA_NOSAME; keydef.keysegs= keyinfo->key_parts; keydef.seg= seg; } for (uint i=0; i < keyinfo->key_parts ; i++,seg++) { Field *field=keyinfo->key_part[i].field; seg->flag= 0; seg->language= field->charset()->number; seg->length= keyinfo->key_part[i].length; seg->start= keyinfo->key_part[i].offset; if (field->flags & BLOB_FLAG) { seg->type= ((keyinfo->key_part[i].key_type & FIELDFLAG_BINARY) ? HA_KEYTYPE_VARBINARY2 : HA_KEYTYPE_VARTEXT2); seg->bit_start= (uint8)(field->pack_length() - share->blob_ptr_size); seg->flag= HA_BLOB_PART; seg->length=0; // Whole blob in unique constraint } else { seg->type= keyinfo->key_part[i].type; /* Tell handler if it can do suffic space compression */ if (field->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_STRING && keyinfo->key_part[i].length > 32) seg->flag|= HA_SPACE_PACK; } if (!(field->flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)) { seg->null_bit= field->null_bit; seg->null_pos= (uint) (field->null_ptr - (uchar*) table->record[0]); /* We are using a GROUP BY on something that contains NULL In this case we have to tell Aria that two NULL should on INSERT be regarded at the same value */ if (!using_unique_constraint) keydef.flag|= HA_NULL_ARE_EQUAL; } } } bzero((char*) &create_info,sizeof(create_info)); if (big_tables && !(options & SELECT_SMALL_RESULT)) create_info.data_file_length= ~(ulonglong) 0; /* The logic for choosing the record format: The STATIC_RECORD format is the fastest one, because it's so simple, so we use this by default for short rows. BLOCK_RECORD caches both row and data, so this is generally faster than DYNAMIC_RECORD. The one exception is when we write to tmp table and want to use keys for duplicate elimination as with BLOCK RECORD we first write the row, then check for key conflicts and then we have to delete the row. The cases when this can happen is when there is a group by and no sum functions or if distinct is used. */ if ((error= maria_create(share->table_name.str, table->no_rows ? NO_RECORD : (share->reclength < 64 && !share->blob_fields ? STATIC_RECORD : table->used_for_duplicate_elimination ? DYNAMIC_RECORD : BLOCK_RECORD), share->keys, &keydef, (uint) (*recinfo-start_recinfo), start_recinfo, share->uniques, &uniquedef, &create_info, HA_CREATE_TMP_TABLE))) { table->file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ table->db_stat=0; goto err; } status_var_increment(table->in_use->status_var.created_tmp_disk_tables); table->in_use->query_plan_flags|= QPLAN_TMP_DISK; share->db_record_offset= 1; DBUG_RETURN(0); err: DBUG_RETURN(1); } bool create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap(THD *thd, TABLE *table, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF *start_recinfo, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF **recinfo, int error, bool ignore_last_dupp_key_error) { return create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap2(thd, table, start_recinfo, recinfo, error, ignore_last_dupp_key_error, maria_hton, "converting HEAP to Aria"); } #else /* Create internal (MyISAM or Maria) temporary table SYNOPSIS create_internal_tmp_table() table Table object that descrimes the table to be created keyinfo Description of the index (there is always one index) start_recinfo engine's column descriptions recinfo INOUT End of engine's column descriptions options Option bits DESCRIPTION Create an internal emporary table according to passed description. The is assumed to have one unique index or constraint. The passed array or ENGINE_COLUMNDEF structures must have this form: 1. 1-byte column (afaiu for 'deleted' flag) (note maybe not 1-byte when there are many nullable columns) 2. Table columns 3. One free ENGINE_COLUMNDEF element (*recinfo points here) This function may use the free element to create hash column for unique constraint. RETURN FALSE - OK TRUE - Error */ /* Create internal MyISAM temporary table */ bool create_internal_tmp_table(TABLE *table, KEY *keyinfo, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF *start_recinfo, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF **recinfo, ulonglong options, my_bool big_tables) { int error; MI_KEYDEF keydef; MI_UNIQUEDEF uniquedef; TABLE_SHARE *share= table->s; DBUG_ENTER("create_internal_tmp_table"); if (share->keys) { // Get keys for ni_create bool using_unique_constraint=0; HA_KEYSEG *seg= (HA_KEYSEG*) alloc_root(&table->mem_root, sizeof(*seg) * keyinfo->key_parts); if (!seg) goto err; bzero(seg, sizeof(*seg) * keyinfo->key_parts); if (keyinfo->key_length >= table->file->max_key_length() || keyinfo->key_parts > table->file->max_key_parts() || share->uniques) { /* Can't create a key; Make a unique constraint instead of a key */ share->keys= 0; share->uniques= 1; using_unique_constraint=1; bzero((char*) &uniquedef,sizeof(uniquedef)); uniquedef.keysegs=keyinfo->key_parts; uniquedef.seg=seg; uniquedef.null_are_equal=1; /* Create extra column for hash value */ bzero((uchar*) *recinfo,sizeof(**recinfo)); (*recinfo)->type= FIELD_CHECK; (*recinfo)->length=MI_UNIQUE_HASH_LENGTH; (*recinfo)++; share->reclength+=MI_UNIQUE_HASH_LENGTH; } else { /* Create an unique key */ bzero((char*) &keydef,sizeof(keydef)); keydef.flag= ((keyinfo->flags & HA_NOSAME) | HA_BINARY_PACK_KEY | HA_PACK_KEY); keydef.keysegs= keyinfo->key_parts; keydef.seg= seg; } for (uint i=0; i < keyinfo->key_parts ; i++,seg++) { Field *field=keyinfo->key_part[i].field; seg->flag= 0; seg->language= field->charset()->number; seg->length= keyinfo->key_part[i].length; seg->start= keyinfo->key_part[i].offset; if (field->flags & BLOB_FLAG) { seg->type= ((keyinfo->key_part[i].key_type & FIELDFLAG_BINARY) ? HA_KEYTYPE_VARBINARY2 : HA_KEYTYPE_VARTEXT2); seg->bit_start= (uint8)(field->pack_length() - share->blob_ptr_size); seg->flag= HA_BLOB_PART; seg->length=0; // Whole blob in unique constraint } else { seg->type= keyinfo->key_part[i].type; /* Tell handler if it can do suffic space compression */ if (field->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_STRING && keyinfo->key_part[i].length > 4) seg->flag|= HA_SPACE_PACK; } if (!(field->flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)) { seg->null_bit= field->null_bit; seg->null_pos= (uint) (field->null_ptr - (uchar*) table->record[0]); /* We are using a GROUP BY on something that contains NULL In this case we have to tell MyISAM that two NULL should on INSERT be regarded at the same value */ if (!using_unique_constraint) keydef.flag|= HA_NULL_ARE_EQUAL; } } } MI_CREATE_INFO create_info; bzero((char*) &create_info,sizeof(create_info)); if (big_tables && !(options & SELECT_SMALL_RESULT)) create_info.data_file_length= ~(ulonglong) 0; if ((error=mi_create(share->table_name.str, share->keys, &keydef, (uint) (*recinfo-start_recinfo), start_recinfo, share->uniques, &uniquedef, &create_info, HA_CREATE_TMP_TABLE))) { table->file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ table->db_stat=0; goto err; } status_var_increment(table->in_use->status_var.created_tmp_disk_tables); table->in_use->query_plan_flags|= QPLAN_TMP_DISK; share->db_record_offset= 1; table->created= TRUE; DBUG_RETURN(0); err: DBUG_RETURN(1); } /** If a HEAP table gets full, create a MyISAM table and copy all rows to this */ bool create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap(THD *thd, TABLE *table, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF *start_recinfo, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF **recinfo, int error, bool ignore_last_dupp_key_error) { return create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap2(thd, table, start_recinfo, recinfo, error, ignore_last_dupp_key_error, myisam_hton, "converting HEAP to MyISAM"); } #endif /* WITH_MARIA_STORAGE_ENGINE */ /* If a HEAP table gets full, create a internal table in MyISAM or Maria and copy all rows to this */ static bool create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap2(THD *thd, TABLE *table, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF *start_recinfo, ENGINE_COLUMNDEF **recinfo, int error, bool ignore_last_dupp_key_error, handlerton *hton, const char *proc_info) { TABLE new_table; TABLE_SHARE share; const char *save_proc_info; int write_err= 0; DBUG_ENTER("create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap2"); if (table->s->db_type() != heap_hton || error != HA_ERR_RECORD_FILE_FULL) { /* We don't want this error to be converted to a warning, e.g. in case of INSERT IGNORE ... SELECT. */ table->file->print_error(error, MYF(ME_FATALERROR)); DBUG_RETURN(1); } new_table= *table; share= *table->s; new_table.s= &share; new_table.s->db_plugin= ha_lock_engine(thd, hton); if (!(new_table.file= get_new_handler(&share, &new_table.mem_root, new_table.s->db_type()))) DBUG_RETURN(1); // End of memory save_proc_info=thd->proc_info; thd_proc_info(thd, proc_info); new_table.no_rows= table->no_rows; if (create_internal_tmp_table(&new_table, table->key_info, start_recinfo, recinfo, thd->lex->select_lex.options | thd->variables.option_bits, thd->variables.big_tables)) goto err2; if (open_tmp_table(&new_table)) goto err1; if (table->file->indexes_are_disabled()) new_table.file->ha_disable_indexes(HA_KEY_SWITCH_ALL); table->file->ha_index_or_rnd_end(); if (table->file->ha_rnd_init_with_error(1)) DBUG_RETURN(1); if (new_table.no_rows) new_table.file->extra(HA_EXTRA_NO_ROWS); else { /* update table->file->stats.records */ table->file->info(HA_STATUS_VARIABLE); new_table.file->ha_start_bulk_insert(table->file->stats.records); } /* copy all old rows from heap table to MyISAM table This is the only code that uses record[1] to read/write but this is safe as this is a temporary MyISAM table without timestamp/autoincrement or partitioning. */ while (!table->file->ha_rnd_next(new_table.record[1])) { write_err= new_table.file->ha_write_tmp_row(new_table.record[1]); DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("raise_error", write_err= HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY ;); if (write_err) goto err; if (thd->killed) { thd->send_kill_message(); goto err_killed; } } if (!new_table.no_rows && new_table.file->ha_end_bulk_insert()) goto err; /* copy row that filled HEAP table */ if ((write_err=new_table.file->ha_write_tmp_row(table->record[0]))) { if (new_table.file->is_fatal_error(write_err, HA_CHECK_DUP) || !ignore_last_dupp_key_error) goto err; } /* remove heap table and change to use myisam table */ (void) table->file->ha_rnd_end(); (void) table->file->ha_close(); // This deletes the table ! delete table->file; table->file=0; plugin_unlock(0, table->s->db_plugin); share.db_plugin= my_plugin_lock(0, share.db_plugin); new_table.s= table->s; // Keep old share *table= new_table; *table->s= share; table->file->change_table_ptr(table, table->s); table->use_all_columns(); if (save_proc_info) thd_proc_info(thd, save_proc_info == copy_to_tmp_table ? "Copying to tmp table on disk" : save_proc_info); DBUG_RETURN(0); err: DBUG_PRINT("error",("Got error: %d",write_err)); table->file->print_error(write_err, MYF(0)); err_killed: (void) table->file->ha_rnd_end(); (void) new_table.file->ha_close(); err1: new_table.file->ha_delete_table(new_table.s->table_name.str); err2: delete new_table.file; thd_proc_info(thd, save_proc_info); table->mem_root= new_table.mem_root; DBUG_RETURN(1); } void free_tmp_table(THD *thd, TABLE *entry) { MEM_ROOT own_root= entry->mem_root; const char *save_proc_info; DBUG_ENTER("free_tmp_table"); DBUG_PRINT("enter",("table: %s",entry->alias.c_ptr())); save_proc_info=thd->proc_info; thd_proc_info(thd, "removing tmp table"); if (entry->file && entry->created) { entry->file->ha_index_or_rnd_end(); if (entry->db_stat) entry->file->ha_drop_table(entry->s->table_name.str); else entry->file->ha_delete_table(entry->s->table_name.str); delete entry->file; } /* free blobs */ for (Field **ptr=entry->field ; *ptr ; ptr++) (*ptr)->free(); free_io_cache(entry); if (entry->temp_pool_slot != MY_BIT_NONE) bitmap_lock_clear_bit(&temp_pool, entry->temp_pool_slot); plugin_unlock(0, entry->s->db_plugin); entry->alias.free(); free_root(&own_root, MYF(0)); /* the table is allocated in its own root */ thd_proc_info(thd, save_proc_info); DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } /** @details Rows produced by a join sweep may end up in a temporary table or be sent to a client. Setup the function of the nested loop join algorithm which handles final fully constructed and matched records. @param join join to setup the function for. @return end_select function to use. This function can't fail. */ Next_select_func setup_end_select_func(JOIN *join) { TABLE *table= join->tmp_table; TMP_TABLE_PARAM *tmp_tbl= &join->tmp_table_param; Next_select_func end_select; /* Set up select_end */ if (table) { if (table->group && tmp_tbl->sum_func_count && !tmp_tbl->precomputed_group_by) { if (table->s->keys) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("Using end_update")); end_select=end_update; } else { DBUG_PRINT("info",("Using end_unique_update")); end_select=end_unique_update; } } else if (join->sort_and_group && !tmp_tbl->precomputed_group_by) { DBUG_PRINT("info",("Using end_write_group")); end_select=end_write_group; } else { DBUG_PRINT("info",("Using end_write")); end_select=end_write; if (tmp_tbl->precomputed_group_by) { /* A preceding call to create_tmp_table in the case when loose index scan is used guarantees that TMP_TABLE_PARAM::items_to_copy has enough space for the group by functions. It is OK here to use memcpy since we copy Item_sum pointers into an array of Item pointers. */ memcpy(tmp_tbl->items_to_copy + tmp_tbl->func_count, join->sum_funcs, sizeof(Item*)*tmp_tbl->sum_func_count); tmp_tbl->items_to_copy[tmp_tbl->func_count+tmp_tbl->sum_func_count]= 0; } } } else { /* Choose method for presenting result to user. Use end_send_group if the query requires grouping (has a GROUP BY clause and/or one or more aggregate functions). Use end_send if the query should not be grouped. */ if ((join->sort_and_group || (join->procedure && join->procedure->flags & PROC_GROUP)) && !tmp_tbl->precomputed_group_by) end_select= end_send_group; else end_select= end_send; } return end_select; } /** Make a join of all tables and write it on socket or to table. @retval 0 if ok @retval 1 if error is sent @retval -1 if error should be sent */ static int do_select(JOIN *join,List *fields,TABLE *table,Procedure *procedure) { int rc= 0; enum_nested_loop_state error= NESTED_LOOP_OK; JOIN_TAB *join_tab; DBUG_ENTER("do_select"); LINT_INIT(join_tab); join->procedure=procedure; join->tmp_table= table; /* Save for easy recursion */ join->fields= fields; if (table) { (void) table->file->extra(HA_EXTRA_WRITE_CACHE); empty_record(table); if (table->group && join->tmp_table_param.sum_func_count && table->s->keys && !table->file->inited) { rc= table->file->ha_index_init(0, 0); if (rc) { table->file->print_error(rc, MYF(0)); DBUG_RETURN(-1); } } } /* Set up select_end */ Next_select_func end_select= setup_end_select_func(join); if (join->table_count) { join->join_tab[join->top_join_tab_count - 1].next_select= end_select; join_tab=join->join_tab+join->const_tables; } join->send_records=0; if (join->table_count == join->const_tables) { /* HAVING will be checked after processing aggregate functions, But WHERE should checked here (we alredy have read tables). Notice that make_join_select() splits all conditions in this case into two groups exec_const_cond and outer_ref_cond. If join->table_count == join->const_tables then it is sufficient to check only the condition pseudo_bits_cond. */ DBUG_ASSERT(join->outer_ref_cond == NULL); if (!join->pseudo_bits_cond || join->pseudo_bits_cond->val_int()) { error= (*end_select)(join, 0, 0); if (error == NESTED_LOOP_OK || error == NESTED_LOOP_QUERY_LIMIT) error= (*end_select)(join, 0, 1); /* If we don't go through evaluate_join_record(), do the counting here. join->send_records is increased on success in end_send(), so we don't touch it here. */ join->examined_rows++; DBUG_ASSERT(join->examined_rows <= 1); } else if (join->send_row_on_empty_set()) { if (!join->having || join->having->val_int()) { List *columns_list= (procedure ? &join->procedure_fields_list : fields); rc= join->result->send_data(*columns_list) > 0; } } /* An error can happen when evaluating the conds (the join condition and piece of where clause relevant to this join table). */ if (join->thd->is_error()) error= NESTED_LOOP_ERROR; } else { DBUG_ASSERT(join->table_count); if (join->outer_ref_cond && !join->outer_ref_cond->val_int()) error= NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS; else error= sub_select(join,join_tab,0); if ((error == NESTED_LOOP_OK || error == NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS) && join->thd->killed != ABORT_QUERY) error= sub_select(join,join_tab,1); if (error == NESTED_LOOP_QUERY_LIMIT) error= NESTED_LOOP_OK; /* select_limit used */ } if (error == NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS || join->thd->killed == ABORT_QUERY) error= NESTED_LOOP_OK; if (table) { int tmp, new_errno= 0; if ((tmp=table->file->extra(HA_EXTRA_NO_CACHE))) { DBUG_PRINT("error",("extra(HA_EXTRA_NO_CACHE) failed")); new_errno= tmp; } if ((tmp=table->file->ha_index_or_rnd_end())) { DBUG_PRINT("error",("ha_index_or_rnd_end() failed")); new_errno= tmp; } if (new_errno) table->file->print_error(new_errno,MYF(0)); } else { /* The following will unlock all cursors if the command wasn't an update command */ join->join_free(); // Unlock all cursors } if (error == NESTED_LOOP_OK) { /* Sic: this branch works even if rc != 0, e.g. when send_data above returns an error. */ if (!table) // If sending data to client { if (join->result->send_eof()) rc= 1; // Don't send error } DBUG_PRINT("info",("%ld records output", (long) join->send_records)); } else rc= -1; #ifndef DBUG_OFF if (rc) { DBUG_PRINT("error",("Error: do_select() failed")); } #endif DBUG_RETURN(join->thd->is_error() ? -1 : rc); } int rr_sequential_and_unpack(READ_RECORD *info) { int error; if ((error= rr_sequential(info))) return error; for (Copy_field *cp= info->copy_field; cp != info->copy_field_end; cp++) (*cp->do_copy)(cp); return error; } /* Fill the join buffer with partial records, retrieve all full matches for them SYNOPSIS sub_select_cache() join pointer to the structure providing all context info for the query join_tab the first next table of the execution plan to be retrieved end_records true when we need to perform final steps of the retrieval DESCRIPTION For a given table Ti= join_tab from the sequence of tables of the chosen execution plan T1,...,Ti,...,Tn the function just put the partial record t1,...,t[i-1] into the join buffer associated with table Ti unless this is the last record added into the buffer. In this case, the function additionally finds all matching full records for all partial records accumulated in the buffer, after which it cleans the buffer up. If a partial join record t1,...,ti is extended utilizing a dynamic range scan then it is not put into the join buffer. Rather all matching records are found for it at once by the function sub_select. NOTES The function implements the algorithmic schema for both Blocked Nested Loop Join and Batched Key Access Join. The difference can be seen only at the level of of the implementation of the put_record and join_records virtual methods for the cache object associated with the join_tab. The put_record method accumulates records in the cache, while the join_records method builds all matching join records and send them into the output stream. RETURN return one of enum_nested_loop_state, except NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS. */ enum_nested_loop_state sub_select_cache(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, bool end_of_records) { enum_nested_loop_state rc; JOIN_CACHE *cache= join_tab->cache; DBUG_ENTER("sub_select_cache"); /* This function cannot be called if join_tab has no associated join buffer */ DBUG_ASSERT(cache != NULL); join_tab->cache->reset_join(join); if (end_of_records) { rc= cache->join_records(FALSE); if (rc == NESTED_LOOP_OK || rc == NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS) rc= sub_select(join, join_tab, end_of_records); DBUG_RETURN(rc); } if (join->thd->killed) { /* The user has aborted the execution of the query */ join->thd->send_kill_message(); DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_KILLED); } if (!test_if_use_dynamic_range_scan(join_tab)) { if (!cache->put_record()) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); /* We has decided that after the record we've just put into the buffer won't add any more records. Now try to find all the matching extensions for all records in the buffer. */ rc= cache->join_records(FALSE); DBUG_RETURN(rc); } /* TODO: Check whether we really need the call below and we can't do without it. If it's not the case remove it. */ rc= cache->join_records(TRUE); if (rc == NESTED_LOOP_OK || rc == NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS) rc= sub_select(join, join_tab, end_of_records); DBUG_RETURN(rc); } /** Retrieve records ends with a given beginning from the result of a join. For a given partial join record consisting of records from the tables preceding the table join_tab in the execution plan, the function retrieves all matching full records from the result set and send them to the result set stream. @note The function effectively implements the final (n-k) nested loops of nested loops join algorithm, where k is the ordinal number of the join_tab table and n is the total number of tables in the join query. It performs nested loops joins with all conjunctive predicates from the where condition pushed as low to the tables as possible. E.g. for the query @code SELECT * FROM t1,t2,t3 WHERE t1.a=t2.a AND t2.b=t3.b AND t1.a BETWEEN 5 AND 9 @endcode the predicate (t1.a BETWEEN 5 AND 9) will be pushed to table t1, given the selected plan prescribes to nest retrievals of the joined tables in the following order: t1,t2,t3. A pushed down predicate are attached to the table which it pushed to, at the field join_tab->select_cond. When executing a nested loop of level k the function runs through the rows of 'join_tab' and for each row checks the pushed condition attached to the table. If it is false the function moves to the next row of the table. If the condition is true the function recursively executes (n-k-1) remaining embedded nested loops. The situation becomes more complicated if outer joins are involved in the execution plan. In this case the pushed down predicates can be checked only at certain conditions. Suppose for the query @code SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (t2,t3) ON t3.a=t1.a WHERE t1>2 AND (t2.b>5 OR t2.b IS NULL) @endcode the optimizer has chosen a plan with the table order t1,t2,t3. The predicate P1=t1>2 will be pushed down to the table t1, while the predicate P2=(t2.b>5 OR t2.b IS NULL) will be attached to the table t2. But the second predicate can not be unconditionally tested right after a row from t2 has been read. This can be done only after the first row with t3.a=t1.a has been encountered. Thus, the second predicate P2 is supplied with a guarded value that are stored in the field 'found' of the first inner table for the outer join (table t2). When the first row with t3.a=t1.a for the current row of table t1 appears, the value becomes true. For now on the predicate is evaluated immediately after the row of table t2 has been read. When the first row with t3.a=t1.a has been encountered all conditions attached to the inner tables t2,t3 must be evaluated. Only when all of them are true the row is sent to the output stream. If not, the function returns to the lowest nest level that has a false attached condition. The predicates from on expressions are also pushed down. If in the the above example the on expression were (t3.a=t1.a AND t2.a=t1.a), then t1.a=t2.a would be pushed down to table t2, and without any guard. If after the run through all rows of table t2, the first inner table for the outer join operation, it turns out that no matches are found for the current row of t1, then current row from table t1 is complemented by nulls for t2 and t3. Then the pushed down predicates are checked for the composed row almost in the same way as it had been done for the first row with a match. The only difference is the predicates from on expressions are not checked. @par @b IMPLEMENTATION @par The function forms output rows for a current partial join of k tables tables recursively. For each partial join record ending with a certain row from join_tab it calls sub_select that builds all possible matching tails from the result set. To be able check predicates conditionally items of the class Item_func_trig_cond are employed. An object of this class is constructed from an item of class COND and a pointer to a guarding boolean variable. When the value of the guard variable is true the value of the object is the same as the value of the predicate, otherwise it's just returns true. To carry out a return to a nested loop level of join table t the pointer to t is remembered in the field 'return_tab' of the join structure. Consider the following query: @code SELECT * FROM t1, LEFT JOIN (t2, t3 LEFT JOIN (t4,t5) ON t5.a=t3.a) ON t4.a=t2.a WHERE (t2.b=5 OR t2.b IS NULL) AND (t4.b=2 OR t4.b IS NULL) @endcode Suppose the chosen execution plan dictates the order t1,t2,t3,t4,t5 and suppose for a given joined rows from tables t1,t2,t3 there are no rows in the result set yet. When first row from t5 that satisfies the on condition t5.a=t3.a is found, the pushed down predicate t4.b=2 OR t4.b IS NULL becomes 'activated', as well the predicate t4.a=t2.a. But the predicate (t2.b=5 OR t2.b IS NULL) can not be checked until t4.a=t2.a becomes true. In order not to re-evaluate the predicates that were already evaluated as attached pushed down predicates, a pointer to the the first most inner unmatched table is maintained in join_tab->first_unmatched. Thus, when the first row from t5 with t5.a=t3.a is found this pointer for t5 is changed from t4 to t2. @par @b STRUCTURE @b NOTES @par join_tab->first_unmatched points always backwards to the first inner table of the embedding nested join, if any. @param join pointer to the structure providing all context info for the query @param join_tab the first next table of the execution plan to be retrieved @param end_records true when we need to perform final steps of retrival @return return one of enum_nested_loop_state, except NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS. */ enum_nested_loop_state sub_select(JOIN *join,JOIN_TAB *join_tab,bool end_of_records) { DBUG_ENTER("sub_select"); join_tab->table->null_row=0; if (end_of_records) { enum_nested_loop_state nls= (*join_tab->next_select)(join,join_tab+1,end_of_records); DBUG_RETURN(nls); } int error; enum_nested_loop_state rc= NESTED_LOOP_OK; READ_RECORD *info= &join_tab->read_record; for (SJ_TMP_TABLE *flush_dups_table= join_tab->flush_weedout_table; flush_dups_table; flush_dups_table= flush_dups_table->next_flush_table) { flush_dups_table->sj_weedout_delete_rows(); } if (!join_tab->preread_init_done && join_tab->preread_init()) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); join->return_tab= join_tab; if (join_tab->last_inner) { /* join_tab is the first inner table for an outer join operation. */ /* Set initial state of guard variables for this table.*/ join_tab->found=0; join_tab->not_null_compl= 1; /* Set first_unmatched for the last inner table of this group */ join_tab->last_inner->first_unmatched= join_tab; if (join_tab->on_precond && !join_tab->on_precond->val_int()) rc= NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS; } join->thd->warning_info->reset_current_row_for_warning(); if (rc != NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS && (rc= join_tab_execution_startup(join_tab)) < 0) DBUG_RETURN(rc); if (join_tab->loosescan_match_tab) join_tab->loosescan_match_tab->found_match= FALSE; if (rc != NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS) { error= (*join_tab->read_first_record)(join_tab); if (join_tab->keep_current_rowid) join_tab->table->file->position(join_tab->table->record[0]); rc= evaluate_join_record(join, join_tab, error); } /* Note: psergey has added the 2nd part of the following condition; the change should probably be made in 5.1, too. */ bool skip_over= FALSE; while (rc == NESTED_LOOP_OK && join->return_tab >= join_tab) { if (join_tab->loosescan_match_tab && join_tab->loosescan_match_tab->found_match) { KEY *key= join_tab->table->key_info + join_tab->loosescan_key; key_copy(join_tab->loosescan_buf, join_tab->table->record[0], key, join_tab->loosescan_key_len); skip_over= TRUE; } error= info->read_record(info); if (skip_over && !error) { if(!key_cmp(join_tab->table->key_info[join_tab->loosescan_key].key_part, join_tab->loosescan_buf, join_tab->loosescan_key_len)) { /* This is the LooseScan action: skip over records with the same key value if we already had a match for them. */ continue; } join_tab->loosescan_match_tab->found_match= FALSE; skip_over= FALSE; } if (join_tab->keep_current_rowid) join_tab->table->file->position(join_tab->table->record[0]); rc= evaluate_join_record(join, join_tab, error); } if (rc == NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS && join_tab->last_inner && !join_tab->found) rc= evaluate_null_complemented_join_record(join, join_tab); if (rc == NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS) rc= NESTED_LOOP_OK; DBUG_RETURN(rc); } /** @brief Process one row of the nested loop join. This function will evaluate parts of WHERE/ON clauses that are applicable to the partial row on hand and in case of success submit this row to the next level of the nested loop. @param join - The join object @param join_tab - The most inner join_tab being processed @param error > 0: Error, terminate processing = 0: (Partial) row is available < 0: No more rows available at this level @return Nested loop state (Ok, No_more_rows, Error, Killed) */ static enum_nested_loop_state evaluate_join_record(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, int error) { bool not_used_in_distinct=join_tab->not_used_in_distinct; ha_rows found_records=join->found_records; COND *select_cond= join_tab->select_cond; bool select_cond_result= TRUE; DBUG_ENTER("evaluate_join_record"); DBUG_PRINT("enter", ("evaluate_join_record join: %p join_tab: %p" " cond: %p error: %d", join, join_tab, select_cond, error)); if (error > 0 || (join->thd->is_error())) // Fatal error DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); if (error < 0) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS); if (join->thd->killed) // Aborted by user { join->thd->send_kill_message(); DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_KILLED); /* purecov: inspected */ } if (join_tab->table->vfield) update_virtual_fields(join->thd, join_tab->table); if (select_cond) { select_cond_result= test(select_cond->val_int()); /* check for errors evaluating the condition */ if (join->thd->is_error()) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); } if (!select_cond || select_cond_result) { /* There is no select condition or the attached pushed down condition is true => a match is found. */ bool found= 1; while (join_tab->first_unmatched && found) { /* The while condition is always false if join_tab is not the last inner join table of an outer join operation. */ JOIN_TAB *first_unmatched= join_tab->first_unmatched; /* Mark that a match for current outer table is found. This activates push down conditional predicates attached to the all inner tables of the outer join. */ first_unmatched->found= 1; for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_unmatched; tab <= join_tab; tab++) { /* Check all predicates that has just been activated. */ /* Actually all predicates non-guarded by first_unmatched->found will be re-evaluated again. It could be fixed, but, probably, it's not worth doing now. */ /* not_exists_optimize has been created from a select_cond containing 'is_null'. This 'is_null' predicate is still present on any 'tab' with 'not_exists_optimize'. Furthermore, the usual rules for condition guards also applies for 'not_exists_optimize' -> When 'is_null==false' we know all cond. guards are open and we can apply the 'not_exists_optimize'. */ DBUG_ASSERT(!(tab->table->reginfo.not_exists_optimize && !tab->select_cond)); if (tab->select_cond && !tab->select_cond->val_int()) { /* The condition attached to table tab is false */ if (tab == join_tab) { found= 0; } else { /* Set a return point if rejected predicate is attached not to the last table of the current nest level. */ join->return_tab= tab; } if (tab->table->reginfo.not_exists_optimize) { /* When not_exists_optimize is set: No need to further explore more rows of 'tab' for this partial result. Any found 'tab' matches are known to evaluate to 'false'. Returning .._NO_MORE_ROWS will skip rem. 'tab' rows. */ DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS); } else if (tab != join_tab) { DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } } } /* Check whether join_tab is not the last inner table for another embedding outer join. */ if ((first_unmatched= first_unmatched->first_upper) && first_unmatched->last_inner != join_tab) first_unmatched= 0; join_tab->first_unmatched= first_unmatched; } JOIN_TAB *return_tab= join->return_tab; join_tab->found_match= TRUE; if (join_tab->check_weed_out_table && found) { int res= join_tab->check_weed_out_table->sj_weedout_check_row(join->thd); if (res == -1) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); else if (res == 1) found= FALSE; } else if (join_tab->do_firstmatch) { /* We should return to the join_tab->do_firstmatch after we have enumerated all the suffixes for current prefix row combination */ return_tab= join_tab->do_firstmatch; } /* It was not just a return to lower loop level when one of the newly activated predicates is evaluated as false (See above join->return_tab= tab). */ join->examined_rows++; DBUG_PRINT("counts", ("join->examined_rows++: %lu", (ulong) join->examined_rows)); if (found) { enum enum_nested_loop_state rc; /* A match from join_tab is found for the current partial join. */ rc= (*join_tab->next_select)(join, join_tab+1, 0); join->thd->warning_info->inc_current_row_for_warning(); if (rc != NESTED_LOOP_OK && rc != NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS) DBUG_RETURN(rc); if (return_tab < join->return_tab) join->return_tab= return_tab; if (join->return_tab < join_tab) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); /* Test if this was a SELECT DISTINCT query on a table that was not in the field list; In this case we can abort if we found a row, as no new rows can be added to the result. */ if (not_used_in_distinct && found_records != join->found_records) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_NO_MORE_ROWS); } else { join->thd->warning_info->inc_current_row_for_warning(); join_tab->read_record.unlock_row(join_tab); } } else { /* The condition pushed down to the table join_tab rejects all rows with the beginning coinciding with the current partial join. */ join->examined_rows++; join->thd->warning_info->inc_current_row_for_warning(); join_tab->read_record.unlock_row(join_tab); } DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } /** @details Construct a NULL complimented partial join record and feed it to the next level of the nested loop. This function is used in case we have an OUTER join and no matching record was found. */ static enum_nested_loop_state evaluate_null_complemented_join_record(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab) { /* The table join_tab is the first inner table of a outer join operation and no matches has been found for the current outer row. */ JOIN_TAB *last_inner_tab= join_tab->last_inner; /* Cache variables for faster loop */ COND *select_cond; for ( ; join_tab <= last_inner_tab ; join_tab++) { /* Change the the values of guard predicate variables. */ join_tab->found= 1; join_tab->not_null_compl= 0; /* The outer row is complemented by nulls for each inner tables */ restore_record(join_tab->table,s->default_values); // Make empty record mark_as_null_row(join_tab->table); // For group by without error select_cond= join_tab->select_cond; /* Check all attached conditions for inner table rows. */ if (select_cond && !select_cond->val_int()) return NESTED_LOOP_OK; } join_tab--; /* The row complemented by nulls might be the first row of embedding outer joins. If so, perform the same actions as in the code for the first regular outer join row above. */ for ( ; ; ) { JOIN_TAB *first_unmatched= join_tab->first_unmatched; if ((first_unmatched= first_unmatched->first_upper) && first_unmatched->last_inner != join_tab) first_unmatched= 0; join_tab->first_unmatched= first_unmatched; if (!first_unmatched) break; first_unmatched->found= 1; for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_unmatched; tab <= join_tab; tab++) { if (tab->select_cond && !tab->select_cond->val_int()) { join->return_tab= tab; return NESTED_LOOP_OK; } } } /* The row complemented by nulls satisfies all conditions attached to inner tables. */ if (join_tab->check_weed_out_table) { int res= join_tab->check_weed_out_table->sj_weedout_check_row(join->thd); if (res == -1) return NESTED_LOOP_ERROR; else if (res == 1) return NESTED_LOOP_OK; } else if (join_tab->do_firstmatch) { /* We should return to the join_tab->do_firstmatch after we have enumerated all the suffixes for current prefix row combination */ if (join_tab->do_firstmatch < join->return_tab) join->return_tab= join_tab->do_firstmatch; } /* Send the row complemented by nulls to be joined with the remaining tables. */ return (*join_tab->next_select)(join, join_tab+1, 0); } /***************************************************************************** The different ways to read a record Returns -1 if row was not found, 0 if row was found and 1 on errors *****************************************************************************/ /** Help function when we get some an error from the table handler. */ int report_error(TABLE *table, int error) { if (error == HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE || error == HA_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND) { table->status= STATUS_GARBAGE; return -1; // key not found; ok } /* Locking reads can legally return also these errors, do not print them to the .err log */ if (error != HA_ERR_LOCK_DEADLOCK && error != HA_ERR_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT && !table->in_use->killed) { push_warning_printf(table->in_use, MYSQL_ERROR::WARN_LEVEL_WARN, error, "Got error %d when reading table %`s.%`s", error, table->s->db.str, table->s->table_name.str); sql_print_error("Got error %d when reading table '%s'", error, table->s->path.str); } table->file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); return 1; } int safe_index_read(JOIN_TAB *tab) { int error; TABLE *table= tab->table; if ((error= table->file->ha_index_read_map(table->record[0], tab->ref.key_buff, make_prev_keypart_map(tab->ref.key_parts), HA_READ_KEY_EXACT))) return report_error(table, error); return 0; } /** Reads content of constant table @param tab table @param pos position of table in query plan @retval 0 ok, one row was found or one NULL-complemented row was created @retval -1 ok, no row was found and no NULL-complemented row was created @retval 1 error */ static int join_read_const_table(JOIN_TAB *tab, POSITION *pos) { int error; TABLE_LIST *tbl; DBUG_ENTER("join_read_const_table"); TABLE *table=tab->table; table->const_table=1; table->null_row=0; table->status=STATUS_NO_RECORD; if (tab->table->pos_in_table_list->is_materialized_derived() && !tab->table->pos_in_table_list->fill_me) { //TODO: don't get here at all /* Skip materialized derived tables/views. */ DBUG_RETURN(0); } else if (tab->table->pos_in_table_list->jtbm_subselect && tab->table->pos_in_table_list->jtbm_subselect->is_jtbm_const_tab) { /* Row will not be found */ int res; if (tab->table->pos_in_table_list->jtbm_subselect->jtbm_const_row_found) res= 0; else res= -1; DBUG_RETURN(res); } else if (tab->type == JT_SYSTEM) { if ((error=join_read_system(tab))) { // Info for DESCRIBE tab->info="const row not found"; /* Mark for EXPLAIN that the row was not found */ pos->records_read=0.0; pos->ref_depend_map= 0; if (!table->pos_in_table_list->outer_join || error > 0) DBUG_RETURN(error); } /* The optimizer trust the engine that when stats.records is 0, there was no found rows */ DBUG_ASSERT(table->file->stats.records > 0 || error); } else { if (!table->key_read && table->covering_keys.is_set(tab->ref.key) && !table->no_keyread && (int) table->reginfo.lock_type <= (int) TL_READ_HIGH_PRIORITY) { table->enable_keyread(); tab->index= tab->ref.key; } error=join_read_const(tab); table->disable_keyread(); if (error) { tab->info="unique row not found"; /* Mark for EXPLAIN that the row was not found */ pos->records_read=0.0; pos->ref_depend_map= 0; if (!table->pos_in_table_list->outer_join || error > 0) DBUG_RETURN(error); } } /* Evaluate an on-expression only if it is not considered expensive. This mainly prevents executing subqueries in optimization phase. This is necessary since proper setup for such execution has not been done at this stage. */ if (*tab->on_expr_ref && !table->null_row && !(*tab->on_expr_ref)->is_expensive()) { #if !defined(DBUG_OFF) && defined(NOT_USING_ITEM_EQUAL) /* This test could be very useful to find bugs in the optimizer where we would call this function with an expression that can't be evaluated yet. We can't have this enabled by default as long as have items like Item_equal, that doesn't report they are const but they can still be called even if they contain not const items. */ (*tab->on_expr_ref)->update_used_tables(); DBUG_ASSERT((*tab->on_expr_ref)->const_item()); #endif if ((table->null_row= test((*tab->on_expr_ref)->val_int() == 0))) mark_as_null_row(table); } if (!table->null_row) table->maybe_null=0; { JOIN *join= tab->join; List_iterator ti(join->select_lex->leaf_tables); /* Check appearance of new constant items in Item_equal objects */ if (join->conds) update_const_equal_items(join->conds, tab, TRUE); while ((tbl= ti++)) { TABLE_LIST *embedded; TABLE_LIST *embedding= tbl; do { embedded= embedding; if (embedded->on_expr) update_const_equal_items(embedded->on_expr, tab, TRUE); embedding= embedded->embedding; } while (embedding && embedding->nested_join->join_list.head() == embedded); } } DBUG_RETURN(0); } /** Read a constant table when there is at most one matching row, using a table scan. @param tab Table to read @retval 0 Row was found @retval -1 Row was not found @retval 1 Got an error (other than row not found) during read */ static int join_read_system(JOIN_TAB *tab) { TABLE *table= tab->table; int error; if (table->status & STATUS_GARBAGE) // If first read { if ((error= table->file->ha_read_first_row(table->record[0], table->s->primary_key))) { if (error != HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) return report_error(table, error); mark_as_null_row(tab->table); empty_record(table); // Make empty record return -1; } if (table->vfield) update_virtual_fields(tab->join->thd, table); store_record(table,record[1]); } else if (!table->status) // Only happens with left join restore_record(table,record[1]); // restore old record table->null_row=0; return table->status ? -1 : 0; } /** Read a table when there is at most one matching row. @param tab Table to read @retval 0 Row was found @retval -1 Row was not found @retval 1 Got an error (other than row not found) during read */ static int join_read_const(JOIN_TAB *tab) { int error; TABLE *table= tab->table; if (table->status & STATUS_GARBAGE) // If first read { table->status= 0; if (cp_buffer_from_ref(tab->join->thd, table, &tab->ref)) error=HA_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND; else { error= table->file->ha_index_read_idx_map(table->record[0],tab->ref.key, (uchar*) tab->ref.key_buff, make_prev_keypart_map(tab->ref.key_parts), HA_READ_KEY_EXACT); } if (error) { table->status= STATUS_NOT_FOUND; mark_as_null_row(tab->table); empty_record(table); if (error != HA_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND && error != HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) return report_error(table, error); return -1; } if (table->vfield) update_virtual_fields(tab->join->thd, table); store_record(table,record[1]); } else if (!(table->status & ~STATUS_NULL_ROW)) // Only happens with left join { table->status=0; restore_record(table,record[1]); // restore old record } table->null_row=0; return table->status ? -1 : 0; } /* eq_ref access method implementation: "read_first" function SYNOPSIS join_read_key() tab JOIN_TAB of the accessed table DESCRIPTION This is "read_fist" function for the eq_ref access method. The difference from ref access function is that is that it has a one-element lookup cache (see cmp_buffer_with_ref) RETURN 0 - Ok -1 - Row not found 1 - Error */ static int join_read_key(JOIN_TAB *tab) { return join_read_key2(tab->join->thd, tab, tab->table, &tab->ref); } /* eq_ref access handler but generalized a bit to support TABLE and TABLE_REF not from the join_tab. See join_read_key for detailed synopsis. */ int join_read_key2(THD *thd, JOIN_TAB *tab, TABLE *table, TABLE_REF *table_ref) { int error; if (!table->file->inited) { error= table->file->ha_index_init(table_ref->key, tab ? tab->sorted : TRUE); if (error) { (void) report_error(table, error); return 1; } } /* TODO: Why don't we do "Late NULLs Filtering" here? */ if (cmp_buffer_with_ref(thd, table, table_ref) || (table->status & (STATUS_GARBAGE | STATUS_NO_PARENT | STATUS_NULL_ROW))) { if (table_ref->key_err) { table->status=STATUS_NOT_FOUND; return -1; } /* Moving away from the current record. Unlock the row in the handler if it did not match the partial WHERE. */ if (tab && tab->ref.has_record && tab->ref.use_count == 0) { tab->read_record.table->file->unlock_row(); table_ref->has_record= FALSE; } error=table->file->ha_index_read_map(table->record[0], table_ref->key_buff, make_prev_keypart_map(table_ref->key_parts), HA_READ_KEY_EXACT); if (error && error != HA_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND && error != HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) return report_error(table, error); if (! error) { table_ref->has_record= TRUE; table_ref->use_count= 1; } } else if (table->status == 0) { DBUG_ASSERT(table_ref->has_record); table_ref->use_count++; } table->null_row=0; return table->status ? -1 : 0; } /** Since join_read_key may buffer a record, do not unlock it if it was not used in this invocation of join_read_key(). Only count locks, thus remembering if the record was left unused, and unlock already when pruning the current value of TABLE_REF buffer. @sa join_read_key() */ static void join_read_key_unlock_row(st_join_table *tab) { DBUG_ASSERT(tab->ref.use_count); if (tab->ref.use_count) tab->ref.use_count--; } /* ref access method implementation: "read_first" function SYNOPSIS join_read_always_key() tab JOIN_TAB of the accessed table DESCRIPTION This is "read_fist" function for the "ref" access method. The functon must leave the index initialized when it returns. ref_or_null access implementation depends on that. RETURN 0 - Ok -1 - Row not found 1 - Error */ static int join_read_always_key(JOIN_TAB *tab) { int error; TABLE *table= tab->table; /* Initialize the index first */ if (!table->file->inited) { if ((error= table->file->ha_index_init(tab->ref.key, tab->sorted))) { (void) report_error(table, error); return 1; } } if (cp_buffer_from_ref(tab->join->thd, table, &tab->ref)) return -1; if ((error= table->file->ha_index_read_map(table->record[0], tab->ref.key_buff, make_prev_keypart_map(tab->ref.key_parts), HA_READ_KEY_EXACT))) { if (error != HA_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND && error != HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) return report_error(table, error); return -1; /* purecov: inspected */ } return 0; } /** This function is used when optimizing away ORDER BY in SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=1 ORDER BY a DESC,b DESC. */ static int join_read_last_key(JOIN_TAB *tab) { int error; TABLE *table= tab->table; if (!table->file->inited && (error= table->file->ha_index_init(tab->ref.key, tab->sorted))) { (void) report_error(table, error); return 1; } if (cp_buffer_from_ref(tab->join->thd, table, &tab->ref)) return -1; if ((error= table->file->ha_index_read_map(table->record[0], tab->ref.key_buff, make_prev_keypart_map(tab->ref.key_parts), HA_READ_PREFIX_LAST))) { if (error != HA_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND && error != HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) return report_error(table, error); return -1; /* purecov: inspected */ } return 0; } /* ARGSUSED */ static int join_no_more_records(READ_RECORD *info __attribute__((unused))) { return -1; } static int join_read_next_same(READ_RECORD *info) { int error; TABLE *table= info->table; JOIN_TAB *tab=table->reginfo.join_tab; if ((error= table->file->ha_index_next_same(table->record[0], tab->ref.key_buff, tab->ref.key_length))) { if (error != HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) return report_error(table, error); table->status= STATUS_GARBAGE; return -1; } return 0; } static int join_read_prev_same(READ_RECORD *info) { int error; TABLE *table= info->table; JOIN_TAB *tab=table->reginfo.join_tab; if ((error= table->file->ha_index_prev(table->record[0]))) return report_error(table, error); if (key_cmp_if_same(table, tab->ref.key_buff, tab->ref.key, tab->ref.key_length)) { table->status=STATUS_NOT_FOUND; error= -1; } return error; } static int join_init_quick_read_record(JOIN_TAB *tab) { if (test_if_quick_select(tab) == -1) return -1; /* No possible records */ return join_init_read_record(tab); } int read_first_record_seq(JOIN_TAB *tab) { if (tab->read_record.table->file->ha_rnd_init_with_error(1)) return 1; return (*tab->read_record.read_record)(&tab->read_record); } static int test_if_quick_select(JOIN_TAB *tab) { delete tab->select->quick; tab->select->quick=0; return tab->select->test_quick_select(tab->join->thd, tab->keys, (table_map) 0, HA_POS_ERROR, 0, FALSE); } static bool test_if_use_dynamic_range_scan(JOIN_TAB *join_tab) { return (join_tab->use_quick == 2 && test_if_quick_select(join_tab) > 0); } int join_init_read_record(JOIN_TAB *tab) { if (tab->select && tab->select->quick && tab->select->quick->reset()) return 1; if (!tab->preread_init_done && tab->preread_init()) return 1; if (init_read_record(&tab->read_record, tab->join->thd, tab->table, tab->select,1,1, FALSE)) return 1; return (*tab->read_record.read_record)(&tab->read_record); } int join_read_record_no_init(JOIN_TAB *tab) { Copy_field *save_copy, *save_copy_end; /* init_read_record resets all elements of tab->read_record(). Remember things that we don't want to have reset. */ save_copy= tab->read_record.copy_field; save_copy_end= tab->read_record.copy_field_end; init_read_record(&tab->read_record, tab->join->thd, tab->table, tab->select,1,1, FALSE); tab->read_record.copy_field= save_copy; tab->read_record.copy_field_end= save_copy_end; tab->read_record.read_record= rr_sequential_and_unpack; return (*tab->read_record.read_record)(&tab->read_record); } static int join_read_first(JOIN_TAB *tab) { int error= 0; TABLE *table=tab->table; if (table->covering_keys.is_set(tab->index) && !table->no_keyread && !table->key_read) table->enable_keyread(); tab->table->status=0; tab->read_record.read_record=join_read_next; tab->read_record.table=table; tab->read_record.index=tab->index; tab->read_record.record=table->record[0]; if (!table->file->inited) error= table->file->ha_index_init(tab->index, tab->sorted); if (!error) error= table->file->prepare_index_scan(); if (error || (error=tab->table->file->ha_index_first(tab->table->record[0]))) { if (error != HA_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND && error != HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) report_error(table, error); return -1; } return 0; } static int join_read_next(READ_RECORD *info) { int error; if ((error= info->table->file->ha_index_next(info->record))) return report_error(info->table, error); return 0; } static int join_read_last(JOIN_TAB *tab) { TABLE *table=tab->table; int error= 0; if (table->covering_keys.is_set(tab->index) && !table->no_keyread && !table->key_read) table->enable_keyread(); tab->table->status=0; tab->read_record.read_record=join_read_prev; tab->read_record.table=table; tab->read_record.index=tab->index; tab->read_record.record=table->record[0]; if (!table->file->inited) error= table->file->ha_index_init(tab->index, 1); if (!error) error= table->file->prepare_index_scan(); if (error || (error= tab->table->file->ha_index_last(tab->table->record[0]))) return report_error(table, error); return 0; } static int join_read_prev(READ_RECORD *info) { int error; if ((error= info->table->file->ha_index_prev(info->record))) return report_error(info->table, error); return 0; } static int join_ft_read_first(JOIN_TAB *tab) { int error; TABLE *table= tab->table; if (!table->file->inited && (error= table->file->ha_index_init(tab->ref.key, 1))) { (void) report_error(table, error); return 1; } table->file->ft_init(); if ((error= table->file->ha_ft_read(table->record[0]))) return report_error(table, error); return 0; } static int join_ft_read_next(READ_RECORD *info) { int error; if ((error= info->table->file->ha_ft_read(info->table->record[0]))) return report_error(info->table, error); return 0; } /** Reading of key with key reference and one part that may be NULL. */ int join_read_always_key_or_null(JOIN_TAB *tab) { int res; /* First read according to key which is NOT NULL */ *tab->ref.null_ref_key= 0; // Clear null byte if ((res= join_read_always_key(tab)) >= 0) return res; /* Then read key with null value */ *tab->ref.null_ref_key= 1; // Set null byte return safe_index_read(tab); } int join_read_next_same_or_null(READ_RECORD *info) { int error; if ((error= join_read_next_same(info)) >= 0) return error; JOIN_TAB *tab= info->table->reginfo.join_tab; /* Test if we have already done a read after null key */ if (*tab->ref.null_ref_key) return -1; // All keys read *tab->ref.null_ref_key= 1; // Set null byte return safe_index_read(tab); // then read null keys } /***************************************************************************** DESCRIPTION Functions that end one nested loop iteration. Different functions are used to support GROUP BY clause and to redirect records to a table (e.g. in case of SELECT into a temporary table) or to the network client. RETURN VALUES NESTED_LOOP_OK - the record has been successfully handled NESTED_LOOP_ERROR - a fatal error (like table corruption) was detected NESTED_LOOP_KILLED - thread shutdown was requested while processing the record NESTED_LOOP_QUERY_LIMIT - the record has been successfully handled; additionally, the nested loop produced the number of rows specified in the LIMIT clause for the query NESTED_LOOP_CURSOR_LIMIT - the record has been successfully handled; additionally, there is a cursor and the nested loop algorithm produced the number of rows that is specified for current cursor fetch operation. All return values except NESTED_LOOP_OK abort the nested loop. *****************************************************************************/ /* ARGSUSED */ static enum_nested_loop_state end_send(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab __attribute__((unused)), bool end_of_records) { DBUG_ENTER("end_send"); if (!end_of_records) { if (join->table_count && join->join_tab->is_using_loose_index_scan()) { /* Copy non-aggregated fields when loose index scan is used. */ copy_fields(&join->tmp_table_param); } if (join->having && join->having->val_int() == 0) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); // Didn't match having if (join->procedure) { if (join->procedure->send_row(join->procedure_fields_list)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } if (join->do_send_rows) { int error; /* result < 0 if row was not accepted and should not be counted */ if ((error= join->result->send_data(*join->fields))) DBUG_RETURN(error < 0 ? NESTED_LOOP_OK : NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); } if (++join->send_records >= join->unit->select_limit_cnt && join->do_send_rows) { if (join->select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS) { JOIN_TAB *jt=join->join_tab; if ((join->table_count == 1) && !join->tmp_table && !join->sort_and_group && !join->send_group_parts && !join->having && !jt->select_cond && !(jt->select && jt->select->quick) && (jt->table->file->ha_table_flags() & HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT) && (jt->ref.key < 0)) { /* Join over all rows in table; Return number of found rows */ TABLE *table=jt->table; join->select_options ^= OPTION_FOUND_ROWS; if (table->sort.record_pointers || (table->sort.io_cache && my_b_inited(table->sort.io_cache))) { /* Using filesort */ join->send_records= table->sort.found_records; } else { table->file->info(HA_STATUS_VARIABLE); join->send_records= table->file->stats.records; } } else { join->do_send_rows= 0; if (join->unit->fake_select_lex) join->unit->fake_select_lex->select_limit= 0; DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } } DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_QUERY_LIMIT); // Abort nicely } else if (join->send_records >= join->fetch_limit) { /* There is a server side cursor and all rows for this fetch request are sent. */ DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_CURSOR_LIMIT); } } else { if (join->procedure && join->procedure->end_of_records()) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); } DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } /* ARGSUSED */ enum_nested_loop_state end_send_group(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab __attribute__((unused)), bool end_of_records) { int idx= -1; enum_nested_loop_state ok_code= NESTED_LOOP_OK; DBUG_ENTER("end_send_group"); if (!join->first_record || end_of_records || (idx=test_if_group_changed(join->group_fields)) >= 0) { if (join->first_record || (end_of_records && !join->group && !join->group_optimized_away)) { if (join->procedure) join->procedure->end_group(); if (idx < (int) join->send_group_parts) { int error=0; if (join->procedure) { if (join->having && join->having->val_int() == 0) error= -1; // Didn't satisfy having else { if (join->do_send_rows) error=join->procedure->send_row(*join->fields) ? 1 : 0; join->send_records++; } if (end_of_records && join->procedure->end_of_records()) error= 1; // Fatal error } else { if (!join->first_record) { List_iterator_fast it(*join->fields); Item *item; DBUG_PRINT("info", ("no matching rows")); /* No matching rows for group function */ join->clear(); join->no_rows_in_result_called= 1; while ((item= it++)) item->no_rows_in_result(); } if (join->having && join->having->val_int() == 0) error= -1; // Didn't satisfy having else { if (join->do_send_rows) { error= join->result->send_data(*join->fields); if (error < 0) { /* Duplicate row, don't count */ join->send_records--; error= 0; } } join->send_records++; } if (join->rollup.state != ROLLUP::STATE_NONE && error <= 0) { if (join->rollup_send_data((uint) (idx+1))) error= 1; } } if (error > 0) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ if (end_of_records) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); if (join->send_records >= join->unit->select_limit_cnt && join->do_send_rows) { if (!(join->select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_QUERY_LIMIT); // Abort nicely join->do_send_rows=0; join->unit->select_limit_cnt = HA_POS_ERROR; } else if (join->send_records >= join->fetch_limit) { /* There is a server side cursor and all rows for this fetch request are sent. */ /* Preventing code duplication. When finished with the group reset the group functions and copy_fields. We fall through. bug #11904 */ ok_code= NESTED_LOOP_CURSOR_LIMIT; } } } else { if (end_of_records) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); join->first_record=1; (void) test_if_group_changed(join->group_fields); } if (idx < (int) join->send_group_parts) { /* This branch is executed also for cursors which have finished their fetch limit - the reason for ok_code. */ copy_fields(&join->tmp_table_param); if (init_sum_functions(join->sum_funcs, join->sum_funcs_end[idx+1])) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); if (join->procedure) join->procedure->add(); DBUG_RETURN(ok_code); } } if (update_sum_func(join->sum_funcs)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); if (join->procedure) join->procedure->add(); DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } /* ARGSUSED */ static enum_nested_loop_state end_write(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab __attribute__((unused)), bool end_of_records) { TABLE *table=join->tmp_table; DBUG_ENTER("end_write"); if (!end_of_records) { copy_fields(&join->tmp_table_param); if (copy_funcs(join->tmp_table_param.items_to_copy, join->thd)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ if (!join->having || join->having->val_int()) { int error; join->found_records++; if ((error= table->file->ha_write_tmp_row(table->record[0]))) { if (!table->file->is_fatal_error(error, HA_CHECK_DUP)) goto end; if (create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap(join->thd, table, join->tmp_table_param.start_recinfo, &join->tmp_table_param.recinfo, error,1)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); // Not a table_is_full error table->s->uniques=0; // To ensure rows are the same } if (++join->send_records >= join->tmp_table_param.end_write_records && join->do_send_rows) { if (!(join->select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_QUERY_LIMIT); join->do_send_rows=0; join->unit->select_limit_cnt = HA_POS_ERROR; } } } end: if (join->thd->killed) { join->thd->send_kill_message(); DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_KILLED); /* purecov: inspected */ } DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } /* ARGSUSED */ /** Group by searching after group record and updating it if possible. */ static enum_nested_loop_state end_update(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab __attribute__((unused)), bool end_of_records) { TABLE *table=join->tmp_table; ORDER *group; int error; DBUG_ENTER("end_update"); if (end_of_records) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); join->found_records++; copy_fields(&join->tmp_table_param); // Groups are copied twice. /* Make a key of group index */ for (group=table->group ; group ; group=group->next) { Item *item= *group->item; item->save_org_in_field(group->field); /* Store in the used key if the field was 0 */ if (item->maybe_null) group->buff[-1]= (char) group->field->is_null(); } if (!table->file->ha_index_read_map(table->record[1], join->tmp_table_param.group_buff, HA_WHOLE_KEY, HA_READ_KEY_EXACT)) { /* Update old record */ restore_record(table,record[1]); update_tmptable_sum_func(join->sum_funcs,table); if ((error= table->file->ha_update_tmp_row(table->record[1], table->record[0]))) { table->file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ } goto end; } /* Copy null bits from group key to table We can't copy all data as the key may have different format as the row data (for example as with VARCHAR keys) */ KEY_PART_INFO *key_part; for (group=table->group,key_part=table->key_info[0].key_part; group ; group=group->next,key_part++) { if (key_part->null_bit) memcpy(table->record[0]+key_part->offset, group->buff, 1); } init_tmptable_sum_functions(join->sum_funcs); if (copy_funcs(join->tmp_table_param.items_to_copy, join->thd)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ if ((error= table->file->ha_write_tmp_row(table->record[0]))) { if (create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap(join->thd, table, join->tmp_table_param.start_recinfo, &join->tmp_table_param.recinfo, error, 0)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); // Not a table_is_full error /* Change method to update rows */ if ((error= table->file->ha_index_init(0, 0))) { table->file->print_error(error, MYF(0)); DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); } join->join_tab[join->top_join_tab_count-1].next_select=end_unique_update; } join->send_records++; end: if (join->thd->killed) { join->thd->send_kill_message(); DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_KILLED); /* purecov: inspected */ } DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } /** Like end_update, but this is done with unique constraints instead of keys. */ static enum_nested_loop_state end_unique_update(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab __attribute__((unused)), bool end_of_records) { TABLE *table=join->tmp_table; int error; DBUG_ENTER("end_unique_update"); if (end_of_records) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); init_tmptable_sum_functions(join->sum_funcs); copy_fields(&join->tmp_table_param); // Groups are copied twice. if (copy_funcs(join->tmp_table_param.items_to_copy, join->thd)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ if (!(error= table->file->ha_write_tmp_row(table->record[0]))) join->send_records++; // New group else { if ((int) table->file->get_dup_key(error) < 0) { table->file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ } if (table->file->ha_rnd_pos(table->record[1],table->file->dup_ref)) { table->file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ } restore_record(table,record[1]); update_tmptable_sum_func(join->sum_funcs,table); if ((error= table->file->ha_update_tmp_row(table->record[1], table->record[0]))) { table->file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); /* purecov: inspected */ DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); /* purecov: inspected */ } } if (join->thd->killed) { join->thd->send_kill_message(); DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_KILLED); /* purecov: inspected */ } DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } /* ARGSUSED */ enum_nested_loop_state end_write_group(JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab __attribute__((unused)), bool end_of_records) { TABLE *table=join->tmp_table; int idx= -1; DBUG_ENTER("end_write_group"); if (!join->first_record || end_of_records || (idx=test_if_group_changed(join->group_fields)) >= 0) { if (join->first_record || (end_of_records && !join->group)) { if (join->procedure) join->procedure->end_group(); int send_group_parts= join->send_group_parts; if (idx < send_group_parts) { if (!join->first_record) { /* No matching rows for group function */ join->clear(); } copy_sum_funcs(join->sum_funcs, join->sum_funcs_end[send_group_parts]); if (!join->having || join->having->val_int()) { int error= table->file->ha_write_tmp_row(table->record[0]); if (error && create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap(join->thd, table, join->tmp_table_param.start_recinfo, &join->tmp_table_param.recinfo, error, 0)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); } if (join->rollup.state != ROLLUP::STATE_NONE) { if (join->rollup_write_data((uint) (idx+1), table)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); } if (end_of_records) goto end; } } else { if (end_of_records) goto end; join->first_record=1; (void) test_if_group_changed(join->group_fields); } if (idx < (int) join->send_group_parts) { copy_fields(&join->tmp_table_param); if (copy_funcs(join->tmp_table_param.items_to_copy, join->thd)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); if (init_sum_functions(join->sum_funcs, join->sum_funcs_end[idx+1])) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); if (join->procedure) join->procedure->add(); goto end; } } if (update_sum_func(join->sum_funcs)) DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_ERROR); if (join->procedure) join->procedure->add(); end: if (join->thd->killed) { join->thd->send_kill_message(); DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_KILLED); /* purecov: inspected */ } DBUG_RETURN(NESTED_LOOP_OK); } /***************************************************************************** Remove calculation with tables that aren't yet read. Remove also tests against fields that are read through key where the table is not a outer join table. We can't remove tests that are made against columns which are stored in sorted order. *****************************************************************************/ /** Check if "left_item=right_item" equality is guaranteed to be true by use of [eq]ref access on left_item->field->table. SYNOPSIS test_if_ref() root_cond left_item right_item DESCRIPTION Check if the given "left_item = right_item" equality is guaranteed to be true by use of [eq_]ref access method. We need root_cond as we can't remove ON expressions even if employed ref access guarantees that they are true. This is because TODO RETURN TRUE if right_item is used removable reference key on left_item FALSE Otherwise */ bool test_if_ref(Item *root_cond, Item_field *left_item,Item *right_item) { Field *field=left_item->field; JOIN_TAB *join_tab= field->table->reginfo.join_tab; // No need to change const test if (!field->table->const_table && join_tab && !join_tab->is_ref_for_hash_join() && (!join_tab->first_inner || *join_tab->first_inner->on_expr_ref == root_cond)) { /* If ref access uses "Full scan on NULL key" (i.e. it actually alternates between ref access and full table scan), then no equality can be guaranteed to be true. */ if (join_tab->ref.is_access_triggered()) return FALSE; Item *ref_item=part_of_refkey(field->table,field); if (ref_item && (ref_item->eq(right_item,1) || ref_item->real_item()->eq(right_item,1))) { right_item= right_item->real_item(); if (right_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) return (field->eq_def(((Item_field *) right_item)->field)); /* remove equalities injected by IN->EXISTS transformation */ else if (right_item->type() == Item::CACHE_ITEM) return ((Item_cache *)right_item)->eq_def (field); if (right_item->const_item() && !(right_item->is_null())) { /* We can remove binary fields and numerical fields except float, as float comparison isn't 100 % safe We have to keep normal strings to be able to check for end spaces */ if (field->binary() && field->real_type() != MYSQL_TYPE_STRING && field->real_type() != MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR && (field->type() != MYSQL_TYPE_FLOAT || field->decimals() == 0)) { return !right_item->save_in_field_no_warnings(field, 1); } } } } return 0; // keep test } /** Extract a condition that can be checked after reading given table @fn make_cond_for_table() @param cond Condition to analyze @param tables Tables for which "current field values" are available @param used_table Table that we're extracting the condition for tables Tables for which "current field values" are available (this includes used_table) (may also include PSEUDO_TABLE_BITS, and may be zero) @param join_tab_idx_arg The index of the JOIN_TAB this Item is being extracted for. MAX_TABLES if there is no corresponding JOIN_TAB. @param exclude_expensive_cond Do not push expensive conditions @param retain_ref_cond Retain ref conditions @retval <>NULL Generated condition @retval =NULL Already checked, OR error @details Extract the condition that can be checked after reading the table specified in 'used_table', given that current-field values for tables specified in 'tables' bitmap are available. If 'used_table' is 0 - extract conditions for all tables in 'tables'. - extract conditions are unrelated to any tables in the same query block/level(i.e. conditions which have used_tables == 0). The function assumes that - Constant parts of the condition has already been checked. - Condition that could be checked for tables in 'tables' has already been checked. The function takes into account that some parts of the condition are guaranteed to be true by employed 'ref' access methods (the code that does this is located at the end, search down for "EQ_FUNC"). @note Make sure to keep the implementations of make_cond_for_table() and make_cond_after_sjm() synchronized. make_cond_for_info_schema() uses similar algorithm as well. */ static Item * make_cond_for_table(THD *thd, Item *cond, table_map tables, table_map used_table, int join_tab_idx_arg, bool exclude_expensive_cond __attribute__((unused)), bool retain_ref_cond) { return make_cond_for_table_from_pred(thd, cond, cond, tables, used_table, join_tab_idx_arg, exclude_expensive_cond, retain_ref_cond); } static Item * make_cond_for_table_from_pred(THD *thd, Item *root_cond, Item *cond, table_map tables, table_map used_table, int join_tab_idx_arg, bool exclude_expensive_cond __attribute__ ((unused)), bool retain_ref_cond) { if (used_table && !(cond->used_tables() & used_table)) return (COND*) 0; // Already checked if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { if (((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC) { /* Create new top level AND item */ Item_cond_and *new_cond=new Item_cond_and; if (!new_cond) return (COND*) 0; // OOM /* purecov: inspected */ List_iterator li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); Item *item; while ((item=li++)) { Item *fix=make_cond_for_table_from_pred(thd, root_cond, item, tables, used_table, join_tab_idx_arg, exclude_expensive_cond, retain_ref_cond); if (fix) new_cond->argument_list()->push_back(fix); } switch (new_cond->argument_list()->elements) { case 0: return (COND*) 0; // Always true case 1: return new_cond->argument_list()->head(); default: /* Call fix_fields to propagate all properties of the children to the new parent Item. This should not be expensive because all children of Item_cond_and should be fixed by now. */ new_cond->fix_fields(thd, 0); new_cond->used_tables_cache= ((Item_cond_and*) cond)->used_tables_cache & tables; return new_cond; } } else { // Or list Item_cond_or *new_cond=new Item_cond_or; if (!new_cond) return (COND*) 0; // OOM /* purecov: inspected */ List_iterator li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); Item *item; while ((item=li++)) { Item *fix=make_cond_for_table_from_pred(thd, root_cond, item, tables, 0L, join_tab_idx_arg, exclude_expensive_cond, retain_ref_cond); if (!fix) return (COND*) 0; // Always true new_cond->argument_list()->push_back(fix); } /* Call fix_fields to propagate all properties of the children to the new parent Item. This should not be expensive because all children of Item_cond_and should be fixed by now. */ new_cond->fix_fields(thd, 0); new_cond->used_tables_cache= ((Item_cond_or*) cond)->used_tables_cache; new_cond->top_level_item(); return new_cond; } } /* Because the following test takes a while and it can be done table_count times, we mark each item that we have examined with the result of the test */ if ((cond->marker == 3 && !retain_ref_cond) || (cond->used_tables() & ~tables)) return (COND*) 0; // Can't check this yet if (cond->marker == 2 || cond->eq_cmp_result() == Item::COND_OK) { cond->set_join_tab_idx(join_tab_idx_arg); return cond; // Not boolean op } if (cond->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_func*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::EQ_FUNC) { Item *left_item= ((Item_func*) cond)->arguments()[0]->real_item(); Item *right_item= ((Item_func*) cond)->arguments()[1]->real_item(); if (left_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && !retain_ref_cond && test_if_ref(root_cond, (Item_field*) left_item,right_item)) { cond->marker=3; // Checked when read return (COND*) 0; } if (right_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && !retain_ref_cond && test_if_ref(root_cond, (Item_field*) right_item,left_item)) { cond->marker=3; // Checked when read return (COND*) 0; } } cond->marker=2; cond->set_join_tab_idx(join_tab_idx_arg); return cond; } /* The difference of this from make_cond_for_table() is that we're in the following state: 1. conditions referring to 'tables' have been checked 2. conditions referring to sjm_tables have been checked, too 3. We need condition that couldn't be checked in #1 or #2 but can be checked when we get both (tables | sjm_tables). */ static COND * make_cond_after_sjm(Item *root_cond, Item *cond, table_map tables, table_map sjm_tables, bool inside_or_clause) { /* We assume that conditions that refer to only join prefix tables or sjm_tables have already been checked. */ if (!inside_or_clause && (!(cond->used_tables() & ~tables) || !(cond->used_tables() & ~sjm_tables))) return (COND*) 0; // Already checked /* AND/OR recursive descent */ if (cond->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) { if (((Item_cond*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::COND_AND_FUNC) { /* Create new top level AND item */ Item_cond_and *new_cond=new Item_cond_and; if (!new_cond) return (COND*) 0; // OOM /* purecov: inspected */ List_iterator li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); Item *item; while ((item=li++)) { Item *fix=make_cond_after_sjm(root_cond, item, tables, sjm_tables, inside_or_clause); if (fix) new_cond->argument_list()->push_back(fix); } switch (new_cond->argument_list()->elements) { case 0: return (COND*) 0; // Always true case 1: return new_cond->argument_list()->head(); default: /* Item_cond_and do not need fix_fields for execution, its parameters are fixed or do not need fix_fields, too */ new_cond->quick_fix_field(); new_cond->used_tables_cache= ((Item_cond_and*) cond)->used_tables_cache & tables; return new_cond; } } else { // Or list Item_cond_or *new_cond=new Item_cond_or; if (!new_cond) return (COND*) 0; // OOM /* purecov: inspected */ List_iterator li(*((Item_cond*) cond)->argument_list()); Item *item; while ((item=li++)) { Item *fix= make_cond_after_sjm(root_cond, item, tables, sjm_tables, /*inside_or_clause= */TRUE); if (!fix) return (COND*) 0; // Always true new_cond->argument_list()->push_back(fix); } /* Item_cond_or do not need fix_fields for execution, its parameters are fixed or do not need fix_fields, too */ new_cond->quick_fix_field(); new_cond->used_tables_cache= ((Item_cond_or*) cond)->used_tables_cache; new_cond->top_level_item(); return new_cond; } } /* Because the following test takes a while and it can be done table_count times, we mark each item that we have examined with the result of the test */ if (cond->marker == 3 || (cond->used_tables() & ~(tables | sjm_tables))) return (COND*) 0; // Can't check this yet if (cond->marker == 2 || cond->eq_cmp_result() == Item::COND_OK) return cond; // Not boolean op /* Remove equalities that are guaranteed to be true by use of 'ref' access method */ if (((Item_func*) cond)->functype() == Item_func::EQ_FUNC) { Item *left_item= ((Item_func*) cond)->arguments()[0]->real_item(); Item *right_item= ((Item_func*) cond)->arguments()[1]->real_item(); if (left_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && test_if_ref(root_cond, (Item_field*) left_item,right_item)) { cond->marker=3; // Checked when read return (COND*) 0; } if (right_item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && test_if_ref(root_cond, (Item_field*) right_item,left_item)) { cond->marker=3; // Checked when read return (COND*) 0; } } cond->marker=2; return cond; } /* @brief Check if - @table uses "ref"-like access - it is based on "@field=certain_item" equality - the equality will be true for any record returned by the access method and return the certain_item if yes. @detail Equality won't necessarily hold if: - the used index covers only part of the @field. Suppose, we have a CHAR(5) field and INDEX(field(3)). if you make a lookup for 'abc', you will get both record with 'abc' and with 'abcde'. - The type of access is actually ref_or_null, and so @field can be either a value or NULL. @return Item that the field will be equal to NULL if no such item */ static Item * part_of_refkey(TABLE *table,Field *field) { JOIN_TAB *join_tab= table->reginfo.join_tab; if (!join_tab) return (Item*) 0; // field from outer non-select (UPDATE,...) uint ref_parts= join_tab->ref.key_parts; if (ref_parts) /* if it's ref/eq_ref/ref_or_null */ { uint key= join_tab->ref.key; KEY *key_info= join_tab->get_keyinfo_by_key_no(key); KEY_PART_INFO *key_part= key_info->key_part; for (uint part=0 ; part < ref_parts ; part++,key_part++) { if (field->eq(key_part->field)) { /* Found the field in the key. Check that 1. ref_or_null doesn't alternate this component between a value and a NULL 2. index fully covers the key */ if (part != join_tab->ref.null_ref_part && // (1) !(key_part->key_part_flag & HA_PART_KEY_SEG)) // (2) { return join_tab->ref.items[part]; } break; } } } return (Item*) 0; } /** Test if one can use the key to resolve ORDER BY. @param order Sort order @param table Table to sort @param idx Index to check @param used_key_parts [out] NULL by default, otherwise return value for used key parts. @note used_key_parts is set to correct key parts used if return value != 0 (On other cases, used_key_part may be changed) Note that the value may actually be greater than the number of index key parts. This can happen for storage engines that have the primary key parts as a suffix for every secondary key. @retval 1 key is ok. @retval 0 Key can't be used @retval -1 Reverse key can be used */ static int test_if_order_by_key(ORDER *order, TABLE *table, uint idx, uint *used_key_parts= NULL) { KEY_PART_INFO *key_part,*key_part_end; key_part=table->key_info[idx].key_part; key_part_end=key_part+table->key_info[idx].key_parts; key_part_map const_key_parts=table->const_key_parts[idx]; int reverse=0; uint key_parts; my_bool on_pk_suffix= FALSE; DBUG_ENTER("test_if_order_by_key"); for (; order ; order=order->next, const_key_parts>>=1) { Field *field=((Item_field*) (*order->item)->real_item())->field; int flag; /* Skip key parts that are constants in the WHERE clause. These are already skipped in the ORDER BY by const_expression_in_where() */ for (; const_key_parts & 1 ; const_key_parts>>= 1) key_part++; if (key_part == key_part_end) { /* We are at the end of the key. Check if the engine has the primary key as a suffix to the secondary keys. If it has continue to check the primary key as a suffix. */ if (!on_pk_suffix && (table->file->ha_table_flags() & HA_PRIMARY_KEY_IN_READ_INDEX) && table->s->primary_key != MAX_KEY && table->s->primary_key != idx) { KEY_PART_INFO *start,*end; uint pk_part_idx= 0; on_pk_suffix= TRUE; start= key_part= table->key_info[table->s->primary_key].key_part; const_key_parts=table->const_key_parts[table->s->primary_key]; /* Calculate true key_part_end and const_key_parts (we have to stop as first not continous primary key part) */ for (key_part_end= key_part, end= key_part+table->key_info[table->s->primary_key].key_parts; key_part_end < end; key_part_end++, pk_part_idx++) { /* Found hole in the pk_parts; Abort */ if (!(table->key_info[idx].ext_key_part_map & (((key_part_map) 1) << pk_part_idx))) break; } /* Adjust const_key_parts */ const_key_parts&= (((key_part_map) 1) << pk_part_idx) -1; for (; const_key_parts & 1 ; const_key_parts>>= 1) key_part++; /* Test if the primary key parts were all const (i.e. there's one row). The sorting doesn't matter. */ if (key_part == start+table->key_info[table->s->primary_key].key_parts && reverse == 0) { key_parts= 0; reverse= 1; goto ok; } } else DBUG_RETURN(0); } if (key_part->field != field || !field->part_of_sortkey.is_set(idx)) DBUG_RETURN(0); /* set flag to 1 if we can use read-next on key, else to -1 */ flag= ((order->asc == !(key_part->key_part_flag & HA_REVERSE_SORT)) ? 1 : -1); if (reverse && flag != reverse) DBUG_RETURN(0); reverse=flag; // Remember if reverse if (key_part < key_part_end) key_part++; } if (on_pk_suffix) { uint used_key_parts_secondary= table->key_info[idx].key_parts; uint used_key_parts_pk= (uint) (key_part - table->key_info[table->s->primary_key].key_part); key_parts= used_key_parts_pk + used_key_parts_secondary; if (reverse == -1 && (!(table->file->index_flags(idx, used_key_parts_secondary - 1, 1) & HA_READ_PREV) || !(table->file->index_flags(table->s->primary_key, used_key_parts_pk - 1, 1) & HA_READ_PREV))) reverse= 0; // Index can't be used } else { key_parts= (uint) (key_part - table->key_info[idx].key_part); if (reverse == -1 && !(table->file->index_flags(idx, key_parts-1, 1) & HA_READ_PREV)) reverse= 0; // Index can't be used } ok: if (used_key_parts != NULL) *used_key_parts= key_parts; DBUG_RETURN(reverse); } /** Find shortest key suitable for full table scan. @param table Table to scan @param usable_keys Allowed keys @return MAX_KEY no suitable key found key index otherwise */ uint find_shortest_key(TABLE *table, const key_map *usable_keys) { double min_cost= DBL_MAX; uint best= MAX_KEY; if (!usable_keys->is_clear_all()) { for (uint nr=0; nr < table->s->keys ; nr++) { if (usable_keys->is_set(nr)) { double cost= table->file->keyread_time(nr, 1, table->file->records()); if (cost < min_cost) { min_cost= cost; best=nr; } } } } return best; } /** Test if a second key is the subkey of the first one. @param key_part First key parts @param ref_key_part Second key parts @param ref_key_part_end Last+1 part of the second key @note Second key MUST be shorter than the first one. @retval 1 is a subkey @retval 0 no sub key */ inline bool is_subkey(KEY_PART_INFO *key_part, KEY_PART_INFO *ref_key_part, KEY_PART_INFO *ref_key_part_end) { for (; ref_key_part < ref_key_part_end; key_part++, ref_key_part++) if (!key_part->field->eq(ref_key_part->field)) return 0; return 1; } /** Test if we can use one of the 'usable_keys' instead of 'ref' key for sorting. @param ref Number of key, used for WHERE clause @param usable_keys Keys for testing @return - MAX_KEY If we can't use other key - the number of found key Otherwise */ static uint test_if_subkey(ORDER *order, TABLE *table, uint ref, uint ref_key_parts, const key_map *usable_keys) { uint nr; uint min_length= (uint) ~0; uint best= MAX_KEY; KEY_PART_INFO *ref_key_part= table->key_info[ref].key_part; KEY_PART_INFO *ref_key_part_end= ref_key_part + ref_key_parts; for (nr= 0 ; nr < table->s->keys ; nr++) { if (usable_keys->is_set(nr) && table->key_info[nr].key_length < min_length && table->key_info[nr].key_parts >= ref_key_parts && is_subkey(table->key_info[nr].key_part, ref_key_part, ref_key_part_end) && test_if_order_by_key(order, table, nr)) { min_length= table->key_info[nr].key_length; best= nr; } } return best; } /** Check if GROUP BY/DISTINCT can be optimized away because the set is already known to be distinct. Used in removing the GROUP BY/DISTINCT of the following types of statements: @code SELECT [DISTINCT] ... FROM [GROUP BY ,...] @endcode If (a,b,c is distinct) then ,{whatever} is also distinct This function checks if all the key parts of any of the unique keys of the table are referenced by a list : either the select list through find_field_in_item_list or GROUP BY list through find_field_in_order_list. If the above holds and the key parts cannot contain NULLs then we can safely remove the GROUP BY/DISTINCT, as no result set can be more distinct than an unique key. @param table The table to operate on. @param find_func function to iterate over the list and search for a field @retval 1 found @retval 0 not found. */ static bool list_contains_unique_index(TABLE *table, bool (*find_func) (Field *, void *), void *data) { for (uint keynr= 0; keynr < table->s->keys; keynr++) { if (keynr == table->s->primary_key || (table->key_info[keynr].flags & HA_NOSAME)) { KEY *keyinfo= table->key_info + keynr; KEY_PART_INFO *key_part, *key_part_end; for (key_part=keyinfo->key_part, key_part_end=key_part+ keyinfo->key_parts; key_part < key_part_end; key_part++) { if (key_part->field->maybe_null() || !find_func(key_part->field, data)) break; } if (key_part == key_part_end) return 1; } } return 0; } /** Helper function for list_contains_unique_index. Find a field reference in a list of ORDER structures. Finds a direct reference of the Field in the list. @param field The field to search for. @param data ORDER *.The list to search in @retval 1 found @retval 0 not found. */ static bool find_field_in_order_list (Field *field, void *data) { ORDER *group= (ORDER *) data; bool part_found= 0; for (ORDER *tmp_group= group; tmp_group; tmp_group=tmp_group->next) { Item *item= (*tmp_group->item)->real_item(); if (item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && ((Item_field*) item)->field->eq(field)) { part_found= 1; break; } } return part_found; } /** Helper function for list_contains_unique_index. Find a field reference in a dynamic list of Items. Finds a direct reference of the Field in the list. @param[in] field The field to search for. @param[in] data List *.The list to search in @retval 1 found @retval 0 not found. */ static bool find_field_in_item_list (Field *field, void *data) { List *fields= (List *) data; bool part_found= 0; List_iterator li(*fields); Item *item; while ((item= li++)) { if (item->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && ((Item_field*) (item->real_item()))->field->eq(field)) { part_found= 1; break; } } return part_found; } /** Test if we can skip the ORDER BY by using an index. If we can use an index, the JOIN_TAB / tab->select struct is changed to use the index. The index must cover all fields in , or it will not be considered. @param no_changes No changes will be made to the query plan. @todo - sergeyp: Results of all index merge selects actually are ordered by clustered PK values. @retval 0 We have to use filesort to do the sorting @retval 1 We can use an index. */ static bool test_if_skip_sort_order(JOIN_TAB *tab,ORDER *order,ha_rows select_limit, bool no_changes, const key_map *map) { int ref_key; uint UNINIT_VAR(ref_key_parts); int order_direction= 0; uint used_key_parts= 0; TABLE *table=tab->table; SQL_SELECT *select=tab->select; key_map usable_keys; QUICK_SELECT_I *save_quick= select ? select->quick : 0; Item *orig_cond= 0; bool orig_cond_saved= false; int best_key= -1; bool changed_key= false; DBUG_ENTER("test_if_skip_sort_order"); /* Check that we are always called with first non-const table */ DBUG_ASSERT(tab == tab->join->join_tab + tab->join->const_tables); /* Keys disabled by ALTER TABLE ... DISABLE KEYS should have already been taken into account. */ usable_keys= *map; for (ORDER *tmp_order=order; tmp_order ; tmp_order=tmp_order->next) { Item *item= (*tmp_order->item)->real_item(); if (item->type() != Item::FIELD_ITEM) { usable_keys.clear_all(); DBUG_RETURN(0); } usable_keys.intersect(((Item_field*) item)->field->part_of_sortkey); if (usable_keys.is_clear_all()) goto use_filesort; // No usable keys } ref_key= -1; /* Test if constant range in WHERE */ if (tab->ref.key >= 0 && tab->ref.key_parts) { ref_key= tab->ref.key; ref_key_parts= tab->ref.key_parts; if (tab->type == JT_REF_OR_NULL || tab->type == JT_FT) goto use_filesort; } else if (select && select->quick) // Range found by opt_range { int quick_type= select->quick->get_type(); /* assume results are not ordered when index merge is used TODO: sergeyp: Results of all index merge selects actually are ordered by clustered PK values. */ if (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_INDEX_MERGE || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_INDEX_INTERSECT || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_ROR_UNION || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_ROR_INTERSECT) ref_key= MAX_KEY; else { ref_key= select->quick->index; ref_key_parts= select->quick->used_key_parts; } } if (ref_key >= 0 && ref_key != MAX_KEY) { /* We come here when there is a REF key. */ if (!usable_keys.is_set(ref_key)) { /* We come here when ref_key is not among usable_keys */ uint new_ref_key; /* If using index only read, only consider other possible index only keys */ if (table->covering_keys.is_set(ref_key)) usable_keys.intersect(table->covering_keys); if (tab->pre_idx_push_select_cond) { orig_cond= tab->set_cond(tab->pre_idx_push_select_cond); orig_cond_saved= true; } if ((new_ref_key= test_if_subkey(order, table, ref_key, ref_key_parts, &usable_keys)) < MAX_KEY) { if (tab->ref.key >= 0) { /* We'll use ref access method on key new_ref_key. In general case the index search tuple for new_ref_key will be different (e.g. when one index is defined as (part1, part2, ...) and another as (part1, part2(N), ...) and the WHERE clause contains "part1 = const1 AND part2=const2". So we build tab->ref from scratch here. */ KEYUSE *keyuse= tab->keyuse; while (keyuse->key != new_ref_key && keyuse->table == tab->table) keyuse++; if (create_ref_for_key(tab->join, tab, keyuse, FALSE, (tab->join->const_table_map | OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT))) goto use_filesort; pick_table_access_method(tab); } else { /* The range optimizer constructed QUICK_RANGE for ref_key, and we want to use instead new_ref_key as the index. We can't just change the index of the quick select, because this may result in an inconsistent QUICK_SELECT object. Below we create a new QUICK_SELECT from scratch so that all its parameters are set correctly by the range optimizer. */ key_map new_ref_key_map; COND *save_cond; bool res; new_ref_key_map.clear_all(); // Force the creation of quick select new_ref_key_map.set_bit(new_ref_key); // only for new_ref_key. /* Reset quick; This will be restored in 'use_filesort' if needed */ select->quick= 0; save_cond= select->cond; if (select->pre_idx_push_select_cond) select->cond= select->pre_idx_push_select_cond; res= select->test_quick_select(tab->join->thd, new_ref_key_map, 0, (tab->join->select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS) ? HA_POS_ERROR : tab->join->unit->select_limit_cnt,0, TRUE) <= 0; if (res) { select->cond= save_cond; goto use_filesort; } /* We don't restore select->cond as we want to use the original condition as index condition pushdown is not active for the new index. */ } ref_key= new_ref_key; changed_key= true; } } /* Check if we get the rows in requested sorted order by using the key */ if (usable_keys.is_set(ref_key) && (order_direction= test_if_order_by_key(order,table,ref_key, &used_key_parts))) goto check_reverse_order; } { uint UNINIT_VAR(best_key_parts); uint saved_best_key_parts= 0; int best_key_direction= 0; JOIN *join= tab->join; ha_rows table_records= table->file->stats.records; test_if_cheaper_ordering(tab, order, table, usable_keys, ref_key, select_limit, &best_key, &best_key_direction, &select_limit, &best_key_parts, &saved_best_key_parts); /* filesort() and join cache are usually faster than reading in index order and not using join cache, except in case that chosen index is clustered key. */ if (best_key < 0 || ((select_limit >= table_records) && (tab->type == JT_ALL && tab->join->table_count > tab->join->const_tables + 1) && !(table->file->index_flags(best_key, 0, 1) & HA_CLUSTERED_INDEX))) goto use_filesort; if (select && table->quick_keys.is_set(best_key) && best_key != ref_key) { key_map map; map.clear_all(); // Force the creation of quick select map.set_bit(best_key); // only best_key. select->quick= 0; select->test_quick_select(join->thd, map, 0, join->select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS ? HA_POS_ERROR : join->unit->select_limit_cnt, TRUE, FALSE); } order_direction= best_key_direction; /* saved_best_key_parts is actual number of used keyparts found by the test_if_order_by_key function. It could differ from keyinfo->key_parts, thus we have to restore it in case of desc order as it affects QUICK_SELECT_DESC behaviour. */ used_key_parts= (order_direction == -1) ? saved_best_key_parts : best_key_parts; changed_key= true; } check_reverse_order: DBUG_ASSERT(order_direction != 0); if (order_direction == -1) // If ORDER BY ... DESC { int quick_type; if (select && select->quick) { /* Don't reverse the sort order, if it's already done. (In some cases test_if_order_by_key() can be called multiple times */ if (select->quick->reverse_sorted()) goto skipped_filesort; quick_type= select->quick->get_type(); if (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_INDEX_MERGE || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_INDEX_INTERSECT || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_ROR_INTERSECT || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_ROR_UNION || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_GROUP_MIN_MAX) { tab->limit= 0; goto use_filesort; // Use filesort } } } /* Update query plan with access pattern for doing ordered access according to what we have decided above. */ if (!no_changes) // We are allowed to update QEP { if (best_key >= 0) { bool quick_created= (select && select->quick && select->quick!=save_quick); /* If ref_key used index tree reading only ('Using index' in EXPLAIN), and best_key doesn't, then revert the decision. */ if (!table->covering_keys.is_set(best_key)) table->disable_keyread(); if (!quick_created) { if (select) // Throw any existing quick select select->quick= 0; // Cleanup either reset to save_quick, // or 'delete save_quick' tab->index= best_key; tab->read_first_record= order_direction > 0 ? join_read_first:join_read_last; tab->type=JT_NEXT; // Read with index_first(), index_next() if (tab->pre_idx_push_select_cond) { tab->set_cond(tab->pre_idx_push_select_cond); /* orig_cond is a part of pre_idx_push_cond, no need to restore it. */ orig_cond= 0; orig_cond_saved= false; } table->file->ha_index_or_rnd_end(); if (tab->join->select_options & SELECT_DESCRIBE) { tab->ref.key= -1; tab->ref.key_parts= 0; if (select_limit < table->file->stats.records) tab->limit= select_limit; table->disable_keyread(); } } else if (tab->type != JT_ALL) { /* We're about to use a quick access to the table. We need to change the access method so as the quick access method is actually used. */ DBUG_ASSERT(tab->select->quick); tab->type=JT_ALL; tab->use_quick=1; tab->ref.key= -1; tab->ref.key_parts=0; // Don't use ref key. tab->read_first_record= join_init_read_record; if (tab->is_using_loose_index_scan()) tab->join->tmp_table_param.precomputed_group_by= TRUE; /* Restore the original condition as changes done by pushdown condition are not relevant anymore */ if (tab->select && tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond) { tab->set_cond(tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond); tab->table->file->cancel_pushed_idx_cond(); } /* TODO: update the number of records in join->best_positions[tablenr] */ } } // best_key >= 0 if (order_direction == -1) // If ORDER BY ... DESC { if (select && select->quick) { /* ORDER BY range_key DESC */ QUICK_SELECT_I *tmp= select->quick->make_reverse(used_key_parts); if (!tmp) { tab->limit= 0; goto use_filesort; // Reverse sort failed -> filesort } /* Cancel Pushed Index Condition, as it doesn't work for reverse scans. */ if (tab->select && tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond) { tab->set_cond(tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond); tab->table->file->cancel_pushed_idx_cond(); } if (select->quick == save_quick) save_quick= 0; // make_reverse() consumed it select->set_quick(tmp); } else if (tab->type != JT_NEXT && tab->type != JT_REF_OR_NULL && tab->ref.key >= 0 && tab->ref.key_parts <= used_key_parts) { /* SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=1 ORDER BY a DESC,b DESC Use a traversal function that starts by reading the last row with key part (A) and then traverse the index backwards. */ tab->read_first_record= join_read_last_key; tab->read_record.read_record= join_read_prev_same; /* Cancel Pushed Index Condition, as it doesn't work for reverse scans. */ if (tab->select && tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond) { tab->set_cond(tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond); tab->table->file->cancel_pushed_idx_cond(); } } } else if (select && select->quick) select->quick->need_sorted_output(); } // QEP has been modified /* Cleanup: We may have both a 'select->quick' and 'save_quick' (original) at this point. Delete the one that we wan't use. */ skipped_filesort: // Keep current (ordered) select->quick if (select && save_quick != select->quick) { delete save_quick; save_quick= NULL; } if (orig_cond_saved && !changed_key) tab->set_cond(orig_cond); if (!no_changes && changed_key && table->file->pushed_idx_cond) table->file->cancel_pushed_idx_cond(); DBUG_RETURN(1); use_filesort: // Restore original save_quick if (select && select->quick != save_quick) { delete select->quick; select->quick= save_quick; } if (orig_cond_saved) tab->set_cond(orig_cond); DBUG_RETURN(0); } /* If not selecting by given key, create an index how records should be read SYNOPSIS create_sort_index() thd Thread handler join Join with table to sort order How table should be sorted filesort_limit Max number of rows that needs to be sorted select_limit Max number of rows in final output Used to decide if we should use index or not is_order_by true if we are sorting on ORDER BY, false if GROUP BY Used to decide if we should use index or not IMPLEMENTATION - If there is an index that can be used, the first non-const join_tab in 'join' is modified to use this index. - If no index, create with filesort() an index file that can be used to retrieve rows in order (should be done with 'read_record'). The sorted data is stored in tab->table and will be freed when calling free_io_cache(tab->table). RETURN VALUES 0 ok -1 Some fatal error 1 No records */ static int create_sort_index(THD *thd, JOIN *join, ORDER *order, ha_rows filesort_limit, ha_rows select_limit, bool is_order_by) { uint length= 0; ha_rows examined_rows; TABLE *table; SQL_SELECT *select; JOIN_TAB *tab; int err= 0; bool quick_created= FALSE; DBUG_ENTER("create_sort_index"); if (join->table_count == join->const_tables) DBUG_RETURN(0); // One row, no need to sort tab= join->join_tab + join->const_tables; table= tab->table; select= tab->select; JOIN_TAB *save_pre_sort_join_tab= NULL; if (join->pre_sort_join_tab) { /* we've already been in this function, and stashed away the original access method in join->pre_sort_join_tab, restore it now. */ /* First, restore state of the handler */ if (join->pre_sort_index != MAX_KEY) { if (table->file->ha_index_or_rnd_end()) goto err; if (join->pre_sort_idx_pushed_cond) { table->file->idx_cond_push(join->pre_sort_index, join->pre_sort_idx_pushed_cond); } } else { if (table->file->ha_index_or_rnd_end() || table->file->ha_rnd_init(TRUE)) goto err; } /* Second, restore access method parameters */ tab->records= join->pre_sort_join_tab->records; tab->select= join->pre_sort_join_tab->select; tab->select_cond= join->pre_sort_join_tab->select_cond; tab->type= join->pre_sort_join_tab->type; tab->read_first_record= join->pre_sort_join_tab->read_first_record; save_pre_sort_join_tab= join->pre_sort_join_tab; join->pre_sort_join_tab= NULL; } else { /* Save index #, save index condition. Do it right now, because MRR may */ if (table->file->inited == handler::INDEX) { join->pre_sort_index= table->file->active_index; join->pre_sort_idx_pushed_cond= table->file->pushed_idx_cond; // no need to save key_read } else join->pre_sort_index= MAX_KEY; } /* Currently ORDER BY ... LIMIT is not supported in subqueries. */ DBUG_ASSERT(join->group_list || !join->is_in_subquery()); /* When there is SQL_BIG_RESULT do not sort using index for GROUP BY, and thus force sorting on disk unless a group min-max optimization is going to be used as it is applied now only for one table queries with covering indexes. */ if ((order != join->group_list || !(join->select_options & SELECT_BIG_RESULT) || (select && select->quick && select->quick->get_type() == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_GROUP_MIN_MAX)) && test_if_skip_sort_order(tab,order,select_limit,0, is_order_by ? &table->keys_in_use_for_order_by : &table->keys_in_use_for_group_by)) DBUG_RETURN(0); for (ORDER *ord= join->order; ord; ord= ord->next) length++; if (!(join->sortorder= make_unireg_sortorder(order, &length, join->sortorder))) goto err; /* purecov: inspected */ table->sort.io_cache=(IO_CACHE*) my_malloc(sizeof(IO_CACHE), MYF(MY_WME | MY_ZEROFILL)); table->status=0; // May be wrong if quick_select // If table has a range, move it to select if (select && !select->quick && tab->ref.key >= 0) { if (tab->quick) { select->quick=tab->quick; tab->quick=0; /* We can only use 'Only index' if quick key is same as ref_key and in index_merge 'Only index' cannot be used */ if (((uint) tab->ref.key != select->quick->index)) table->disable_keyread(); } else { /* We have a ref on a const; Change this to a range that filesort can use. For impossible ranges (like when doing a lookup on NULL on a NOT NULL field, quick will contain an empty record set. */ if (!(select->quick= (tab->type == JT_FT ? get_ft_select(thd, table, tab->ref.key) : get_quick_select_for_ref(thd, table, &tab->ref, tab->found_records)))) goto err; quick_created= TRUE; } } /* Fill schema tables with data before filesort if it's necessary */ if ((join->select_lex->options & OPTION_SCHEMA_TABLE) && get_schema_tables_result(join, PROCESSED_BY_CREATE_SORT_INDEX)) goto err; if (!tab->preread_init_done && tab->preread_init()) goto err; if (table->s->tmp_table) table->file->info(HA_STATUS_VARIABLE); // Get record count table->sort.found_records=filesort(thd, table,join->sortorder, length, select, filesort_limit, 0, &examined_rows); if (quick_created) { /* This will delete the quick select. */ select->cleanup(); } if (!join->pre_sort_join_tab) { if (save_pre_sort_join_tab) join->pre_sort_join_tab= save_pre_sort_join_tab; else if (!(join->pre_sort_join_tab= (JOIN_TAB*)thd->alloc(sizeof(JOIN_TAB)))) goto err; } *(join->pre_sort_join_tab)= *tab; /*TODO: here, close the index scan, cancel index-only read. */ tab->records= table->sort.found_records; // For SQL_CALC_ROWS #if 0 /* MariaDB doesn't need the following: */ if (select) { /* We need to preserve tablesort's output resultset here, because QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT::~QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT (called by SQL_SELECT::cleanup()) may free it assuming it's the result of the quick select operation that we no longer need. Note that all the other parts of this data structure are cleaned up when QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT::get_next encounters end of data, so the next SQL_SELECT::cleanup() call changes sort.io_cache alone. */ IO_CACHE *tablesort_result_cache; tablesort_result_cache= table->sort.io_cache; table->sort.io_cache= NULL; // select->cleanup(); // filesort did select /* If a quick object was created outside of create_sort_index() that might be reused, then do not call select->cleanup() since it will delete the quick object. */ if (!keep_quick) { select->cleanup(); // If we deleted the quick object we need to clear quick_keys table->quick_keys.clear_all(); table->intersect_keys.clear_all(); } else { // Need to close the index scan in order to re-use the handler tab->select->quick->range_end(); } /* The select object is now ready for the next use. To avoid that the select object is used when reading the records in sorted order we set the pointer to it to NULL. The select pointer will be restored from the saved_select pointer when this select operation is completed (@see JOIN::exec). This ensures that it will be re-used when filesort is used by subqueries that are executed multiple times. */ tab->saved_select= tab->select; tab->select= NULL; // Restore the output resultset table->sort.io_cache= tablesort_result_cache; } #endif tab->select=NULL; tab->set_select_cond(NULL, __LINE__); tab->type=JT_ALL; // Read with normal read_record tab->read_first_record= join_init_read_record; tab->table->file->ha_index_or_rnd_end(); if (err) goto err; tab->join->examined_rows+=examined_rows; DBUG_RETURN(table->sort.found_records == HA_POS_ERROR); err: DBUG_RETURN(-1); } void JOIN::clean_pre_sort_join_tab() { //TABLE *table= pre_sort_join_tab->table; /* Note: we can come here for fake_select_lex object. That object will have the table already deleted by st_select_lex_unit::cleanup(). We rely on that fake_select_lex didn't have quick select. */ #if 0 if (pre_sort_join_tab->select && pre_sort_join_tab->select->quick) { /* We need to preserve tablesort's output resultset here, because QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT::~QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT (called by SQL_SELECT::cleanup()) may free it assuming it's the result of the quick select operation that we no longer need. Note that all the other parts of this data structure are cleaned up when QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT::get_next encounters end of data, so the next SQL_SELECT::cleanup() call changes sort.io_cache alone. */ IO_CACHE *tablesort_result_cache; tablesort_result_cache= table->sort.io_cache; table->sort.io_cache= NULL; pre_sort_join_tab->select->cleanup(); table->quick_keys.clear_all(); // as far as we cleanup select->quick table->intersect_keys.clear_all(); table->sort.io_cache= tablesort_result_cache; } #endif //table->disable_keyread(); // Restore if we used indexes if (pre_sort_join_tab->select && pre_sort_join_tab->select->quick) { pre_sort_join_tab->select->cleanup(); } } /** Compare fields from table->record[0] and table->record[1], possibly skipping few first fields. @param table @param ptr field to start the comparison from, somewhere in the table->field[] array @retval 1 different @retval 0 identical */ static bool compare_record(TABLE *table, Field **ptr) { for (; *ptr ; ptr++) { Field *f= *ptr; if (f->is_null() != f->is_null(table->s->rec_buff_length) || (!f->is_null() && f->cmp_offset(table->s->rec_buff_length))) return 1; } return 0; } static bool copy_blobs(Field **ptr) { for (; *ptr ; ptr++) { if ((*ptr)->flags & BLOB_FLAG) if (((Field_blob *) (*ptr))->copy()) return 1; // Error } return 0; } static void free_blobs(Field **ptr) { for (; *ptr ; ptr++) { if ((*ptr)->flags & BLOB_FLAG) ((Field_blob *) (*ptr))->free(); } } static int remove_duplicates(JOIN *join, TABLE *table, List &fields, Item *having) { int error; ulong keylength= 0; uint field_count; THD *thd= join->thd; DBUG_ENTER("remove_duplicates"); table->reginfo.lock_type=TL_WRITE; /* Calculate how many saved fields there is in list */ field_count=0; List_iterator it(fields); Item *item; while ((item=it++)) { if (item->get_tmp_table_field() && ! item->const_item()) field_count++; } if (!field_count && !(join->select_options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS) && !having) { // only const items with no OPTION_FOUND_ROWS join->unit->select_limit_cnt= 1; // Only send first row DBUG_RETURN(0); } Field **first_field=table->field+table->s->fields - field_count; for (Field **ptr=first_field; *ptr; ptr++) keylength+= (*ptr)->sort_length() + (*ptr)->maybe_null(); /* Disable LIMIT ROWS EXAMINED in order to avoid interrupting prematurely duplicate removal, and produce a possibly incomplete query result. */ thd->lex->limit_rows_examined_cnt= ULONGLONG_MAX; if (thd->killed == ABORT_QUERY) thd->reset_killed(); free_io_cache(table); // Safety table->file->info(HA_STATUS_VARIABLE); if (table->s->db_type() == heap_hton || (!table->s->blob_fields && ((ALIGN_SIZE(keylength) + HASH_OVERHEAD) * table->file->stats.records < thd->variables.sortbuff_size))) error=remove_dup_with_hash_index(join->thd, table, field_count, first_field, keylength, having); else error=remove_dup_with_compare(join->thd, table, first_field, having); if (join->select_lex != join->select_lex->master_unit()->fake_select_lex) thd->lex->set_limit_rows_examined(); free_blobs(first_field); DBUG_RETURN(error); } static int remove_dup_with_compare(THD *thd, TABLE *table, Field **first_field, Item *having) { handler *file=table->file; uchar *record=table->record[0]; int error; DBUG_ENTER("remove_dup_with_compare"); if (file->ha_rnd_init_with_error(1)) DBUG_RETURN(1); error= file->ha_rnd_next(record); for (;;) { if (thd->killed) { thd->send_kill_message(); error=0; goto err; } if (error) { if (error == HA_ERR_RECORD_DELETED) { error= file->ha_rnd_next(record); continue; } if (error == HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) break; goto err; } if (having && !having->val_int()) { if ((error= file->ha_delete_row(record))) goto err; error= file->ha_rnd_next(record); continue; } if (copy_blobs(first_field)) { my_message(ER_OUTOFMEMORY, ER(ER_OUTOFMEMORY), MYF(ME_FATALERROR)); error=0; goto err; } store_record(table,record[1]); /* Read through rest of file and mark duplicated rows deleted */ bool found=0; for (;;) { if ((error= file->ha_rnd_next(record))) { if (error == HA_ERR_RECORD_DELETED) continue; if (error == HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) break; goto err; } if (compare_record(table, first_field) == 0) { if ((error= file->ha_delete_row(record))) goto err; } else if (!found) { found=1; if ((error= file->remember_rnd_pos())) goto err; } } if (!found) break; // End of file /* Restart search on saved row */ if ((error= file->restart_rnd_next(record))) goto err; } file->extra(HA_EXTRA_NO_CACHE); DBUG_RETURN(0); err: file->extra(HA_EXTRA_NO_CACHE); if (error) file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); DBUG_RETURN(1); } /** Generate a hash index for each row to quickly find duplicate rows. @note Note that this will not work on tables with blobs! */ static int remove_dup_with_hash_index(THD *thd, TABLE *table, uint field_count, Field **first_field, ulong key_length, Item *having) { uchar *key_buffer, *key_pos, *record=table->record[0]; int error; handler *file= table->file; ulong extra_length= ALIGN_SIZE(key_length)-key_length; uint *field_lengths, *field_length; HASH hash; Field **ptr; DBUG_ENTER("remove_dup_with_hash_index"); if (!my_multi_malloc(MYF(MY_WME), &key_buffer, (uint) ((key_length + extra_length) * (long) file->stats.records), &field_lengths, (uint) (field_count*sizeof(*field_lengths)), NullS)) DBUG_RETURN(1); for (ptr= first_field, field_length=field_lengths ; *ptr ; ptr++) (*field_length++)= (*ptr)->sort_length(); if (my_hash_init(&hash, &my_charset_bin, (uint) file->stats.records, 0, key_length, (my_hash_get_key) 0, 0, 0)) { my_free(key_buffer); DBUG_RETURN(1); } if ((error= file->ha_rnd_init(1))) goto err; key_pos=key_buffer; for (;;) { uchar *org_key_pos; if (thd->killed) { thd->send_kill_message(); error=0; goto err; } if ((error= file->ha_rnd_next(record))) { if (error == HA_ERR_RECORD_DELETED) continue; if (error == HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE) break; goto err; } if (having && !having->val_int()) { if ((error= file->ha_delete_row(record))) goto err; continue; } /* copy fields to key buffer */ org_key_pos= key_pos; field_length=field_lengths; for (ptr= first_field ; *ptr ; ptr++) { (*ptr)->make_sort_key(key_pos, *field_length); key_pos+= (*ptr)->maybe_null() + *field_length++; } /* Check if it exists before */ if (my_hash_search(&hash, org_key_pos, key_length)) { /* Duplicated found ; Remove the row */ if ((error= file->ha_delete_row(record))) goto err; } else { if (my_hash_insert(&hash, org_key_pos)) goto err; } key_pos+=extra_length; } my_free(key_buffer); my_hash_free(&hash); file->extra(HA_EXTRA_NO_CACHE); (void) file->ha_rnd_end(); DBUG_RETURN(0); err: my_free(key_buffer); my_hash_free(&hash); file->extra(HA_EXTRA_NO_CACHE); (void) file->ha_rnd_end(); if (error) file->print_error(error,MYF(0)); DBUG_RETURN(1); } SORT_FIELD *make_unireg_sortorder(ORDER *order, uint *length, SORT_FIELD *sortorder) { uint count; SORT_FIELD *sort,*pos; DBUG_ENTER("make_unireg_sortorder"); count=0; for (ORDER *tmp = order; tmp; tmp=tmp->next) count++; if (!sortorder) sortorder= (SORT_FIELD*) sql_alloc(sizeof(SORT_FIELD) * (max(count, *length) + 1)); pos= sort= sortorder; if (!pos) return 0; for (;order;order=order->next,pos++) { Item *item= order->item[0]->real_item(); pos->field= 0; pos->item= 0; if (item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) pos->field= ((Item_field*) item)->field; else if (item->type() == Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM && !item->const_item()) pos->field= ((Item_sum*) item)->get_tmp_table_field(); else if (item->type() == Item::COPY_STR_ITEM) { // Blob patch pos->item= ((Item_copy*) item)->get_item(); } else pos->item= *order->item; pos->reverse=! order->asc; } *length=count; DBUG_RETURN(sort); } /* eq_ref: Create the lookup key and check if it is the same as saved key SYNOPSIS cmp_buffer_with_ref() tab Join tab of the accessed table table The table to read. This is usually tab->table, except for semi-join when we might need to make a lookup in a temptable instead. tab_ref The structure with methods to collect index lookup tuple. This is usually table->ref, except for the case of when we're doing lookup into semi-join materialization table. DESCRIPTION Used by eq_ref access method: create the index lookup key and check if we've used this key at previous lookup (If yes, we don't need to repeat the lookup - the record has been already fetched) RETURN TRUE No cached record for the key, or failed to create the key (due to out-of-domain error) FALSE The created key is the same as the previous one (and the record is already in table->record) */ static bool cmp_buffer_with_ref(THD *thd, TABLE *table, TABLE_REF *tab_ref) { bool no_prev_key; if (!tab_ref->disable_cache) { if (!(no_prev_key= tab_ref->key_err)) { /* Previous access found a row. Copy its key */ memcpy(tab_ref->key_buff2, tab_ref->key_buff, tab_ref->key_length); } } else no_prev_key= TRUE; if ((tab_ref->key_err= cp_buffer_from_ref(thd, table, tab_ref)) || no_prev_key) return 1; return memcmp(tab_ref->key_buff2, tab_ref->key_buff, tab_ref->key_length) != 0; } bool cp_buffer_from_ref(THD *thd, TABLE *table, TABLE_REF *ref) { enum enum_check_fields save_count_cuted_fields= thd->count_cuted_fields; thd->count_cuted_fields= CHECK_FIELD_IGNORE; my_bitmap_map *old_map= dbug_tmp_use_all_columns(table, table->write_set); bool result= 0; for (store_key **copy=ref->key_copy ; *copy ; copy++) { if ((*copy)->copy() & 1) { result= 1; break; } } thd->count_cuted_fields= save_count_cuted_fields; dbug_tmp_restore_column_map(table->write_set, old_map); return result; } /***************************************************************************** Group and order functions *****************************************************************************/ /** Resolve an ORDER BY or GROUP BY column reference. Given a column reference (represented by 'order') from a GROUP BY or ORDER BY clause, find the actual column it represents. If the column being resolved is from the GROUP BY clause, the procedure searches the SELECT list 'fields' and the columns in the FROM list 'tables'. If 'order' is from the ORDER BY clause, only the SELECT list is being searched. If 'order' is resolved to an Item, then order->item is set to the found Item. If there is no item for the found column (that is, it was resolved into a table field), order->item is 'fixed' and is added to all_fields and ref_pointer_array. ref_pointer_array and all_fields are updated. @param[in] thd Pointer to current thread structure @param[in,out] ref_pointer_array All select, group and order by fields @param[in] tables List of tables to search in (usually FROM clause) @param[in] order Column reference to be resolved @param[in] fields List of fields to search in (usually SELECT list) @param[in,out] all_fields All select, group and order by fields @param[in] is_group_field True if order is a GROUP field, false if ORDER by field @retval FALSE if OK @retval TRUE if error occurred */ static bool find_order_in_list(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, TABLE_LIST *tables, ORDER *order, List &fields, List &all_fields, bool is_group_field) { Item *order_item= *order->item; /* The item from the GROUP/ORDER caluse. */ Item::Type order_item_type; Item **select_item; /* The corresponding item from the SELECT clause. */ Field *from_field; /* The corresponding field from the FROM clause. */ uint counter; enum_resolution_type resolution; /* Local SP variables may be int but are expressions, not positions. (And they can't be used before fix_fields is called for them). */ if (order_item->type() == Item::INT_ITEM && order_item->basic_const_item()) { /* Order by position */ uint count= (uint) order_item->val_int(); if (!count || count > fields.elements) { my_error(ER_BAD_FIELD_ERROR, MYF(0), order_item->full_name(), thd->where); return TRUE; } order->item= ref_pointer_array + count - 1; order->in_field_list= 1; order->counter= count; order->counter_used= 1; return FALSE; } /* Lookup the current GROUP/ORDER field in the SELECT clause. */ select_item= find_item_in_list(order_item, fields, &counter, REPORT_EXCEPT_NOT_FOUND, &resolution); if (!select_item) return TRUE; /* The item is not unique, or some other error occured. */ /* Check whether the resolved field is not ambiguos. */ if (select_item != not_found_item) { Item *view_ref= NULL; /* If we have found field not by its alias in select list but by its original field name, we should additionaly check if we have conflict for this name (in case if we would perform lookup in all tables). */ if (resolution == RESOLVED_BEHIND_ALIAS && !order_item->fixed && order_item->fix_fields(thd, order->item)) return TRUE; /* Lookup the current GROUP field in the FROM clause. */ order_item_type= order_item->type(); from_field= (Field*) not_found_field; if ((is_group_field && order_item_type == Item::FIELD_ITEM) || order_item_type == Item::REF_ITEM) { from_field= find_field_in_tables(thd, (Item_ident*) order_item, tables, NULL, &view_ref, IGNORE_ERRORS, TRUE, FALSE); if (!from_field) from_field= (Field*) not_found_field; } if (from_field == not_found_field || (from_field != view_ref_found ? /* it is field of base table => check that fields are same */ ((*select_item)->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && ((Item_field*) (*select_item))->field->eq(from_field)) : /* in is field of view table => check that references on translation table are same */ ((*select_item)->type() == Item::REF_ITEM && view_ref->type() == Item::REF_ITEM && ((Item_ref *) (*select_item))->ref == ((Item_ref *) view_ref)->ref))) { /* If there is no such field in the FROM clause, or it is the same field as the one found in the SELECT clause, then use the Item created for the SELECT field. As a result if there was a derived field that 'shadowed' a table field with the same name, the table field will be chosen over the derived field. */ order->item= ref_pointer_array + counter; order->in_field_list=1; return FALSE; } else { /* There is a field with the same name in the FROM clause. This is the field that will be chosen. In this case we issue a warning so the user knows that the field from the FROM clause overshadows the column reference from the SELECT list. */ push_warning_printf(thd, MYSQL_ERROR::WARN_LEVEL_WARN, ER_NON_UNIQ_ERROR, ER(ER_NON_UNIQ_ERROR), ((Item_ident*) order_item)->field_name, current_thd->where); } } order->in_field_list=0; /* The call to order_item->fix_fields() means that here we resolve 'order_item' to a column from a table in the list 'tables', or to a column in some outer query. Exactly because of the second case we come to this point even if (select_item == not_found_item), inspite of that fix_fields() calls find_item_in_list() one more time. We check order_item->fixed because Item_func_group_concat can put arguments for which fix_fields already was called. */ if (!order_item->fixed && (order_item->fix_fields(thd, order->item) || (order_item= *order->item)->check_cols(1) || thd->is_fatal_error)) return TRUE; /* Wrong field. */ uint el= all_fields.elements; all_fields.push_front(order_item); /* Add new field to field list. */ ref_pointer_array[el]= order_item; order->item= ref_pointer_array + el; return FALSE; } /** Change order to point at item in select list. If item isn't a number and doesn't exits in the select list, add it the the field list. */ int setup_order(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, TABLE_LIST *tables, List &fields, List &all_fields, ORDER *order) { thd->where="order clause"; for (; order; order=order->next) { if (find_order_in_list(thd, ref_pointer_array, tables, order, fields, all_fields, FALSE)) return 1; } return 0; } /** Intitialize the GROUP BY list. @param thd Thread handler @param ref_pointer_array We store references to all fields that was not in 'fields' here. @param fields All fields in the select part. Any item in 'order' that is part of these list is replaced by a pointer to this fields. @param all_fields Total list of all unique fields used by the select. All items in 'order' that was not part of fields will be added first to this list. @param order The fields we should do GROUP BY on. @param hidden_group_fields Pointer to flag that is set to 1 if we added any fields to all_fields. @todo change ER_WRONG_FIELD_WITH_GROUP to more detailed ER_NON_GROUPING_FIELD_USED @retval 0 ok @retval 1 error (probably out of memory) */ int setup_group(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, TABLE_LIST *tables, List &fields, List &all_fields, ORDER *order, bool *hidden_group_fields) { *hidden_group_fields=0; ORDER *ord; if (!order) return 0; /* Everything is ok */ uint org_fields=all_fields.elements; thd->where="group statement"; enum_parsing_place save_place= thd->lex->current_select->parsing_place; thd->lex->current_select->parsing_place= IN_GROUP_BY; for (ord= order; ord; ord= ord->next) { if (find_order_in_list(thd, ref_pointer_array, tables, ord, fields, all_fields, TRUE)) return 1; (*ord->item)->marker= UNDEF_POS; /* Mark found */ if ((*ord->item)->with_sum_func) { my_error(ER_WRONG_GROUP_FIELD, MYF(0), (*ord->item)->full_name()); return 1; } } thd->lex->current_select->parsing_place= save_place; if (thd->variables.sql_mode & MODE_ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY) { /* Don't allow one to use fields that is not used in GROUP BY For each select a list of field references that aren't under an aggregate function is created. Each field in this list keeps the position of the select list expression which it belongs to. First we check an expression from the select list against the GROUP BY list. If it's found there then it's ok. It's also ok if this expression is a constant or an aggregate function. Otherwise we scan the list of non-aggregated fields and if we'll find at least one field reference that belongs to this expression and doesn't occur in the GROUP BY list we throw an error. If there are no fields in the created list for a select list expression this means that all fields in it are used under aggregate functions. */ Item *item; Item_field *field; int cur_pos_in_select_list= 0; List_iterator li(fields); List_iterator naf_it(thd->lex->current_select->non_agg_fields); field= naf_it++; while (field && (item=li++)) { if (item->type() != Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM && item->marker >= 0 && !item->const_item() && !(item->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && item->used_tables() & OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT)) { while (field) { /* Skip fields from previous expressions. */ if (field->marker < cur_pos_in_select_list) goto next_field; /* Found a field from the next expression. */ if (field->marker > cur_pos_in_select_list) break; /* Check whether the field occur in the GROUP BY list. Throw the error later if the field isn't found. */ for (ord= order; ord; ord= ord->next) if ((*ord->item)->eq((Item*)field, 0)) goto next_field; /* TODO: change ER_WRONG_FIELD_WITH_GROUP to more detailed ER_NON_GROUPING_FIELD_USED */ my_error(ER_WRONG_FIELD_WITH_GROUP, MYF(0), field->full_name()); return 1; next_field: field= naf_it++; } } cur_pos_in_select_list++; } } if (org_fields != all_fields.elements) *hidden_group_fields=1; // group fields is not used return 0; } /** Add fields with aren't used at start of field list. @return FALSE if ok */ static bool setup_new_fields(THD *thd, List &fields, List &all_fields, ORDER *new_field) { Item **item; uint counter; enum_resolution_type not_used; DBUG_ENTER("setup_new_fields"); thd->mark_used_columns= MARK_COLUMNS_READ; // Not really needed, but... for (; new_field ; new_field= new_field->next) { if ((item= find_item_in_list(*new_field->item, fields, &counter, IGNORE_ERRORS, ¬_used))) new_field->item=item; /* Change to shared Item */ else { thd->where="procedure list"; if ((*new_field->item)->fix_fields(thd, new_field->item)) DBUG_RETURN(1); /* purecov: inspected */ all_fields.push_front(*new_field->item); new_field->item=all_fields.head_ref(); } } DBUG_RETURN(0); } /** Create a group by that consist of all non const fields. Try to use the fields in the order given by 'order' to allow one to optimize away 'order by'. */ ORDER * create_distinct_group(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, ORDER *order_list, List &fields, List &all_fields, bool *all_order_by_fields_used) { List_iterator li(fields); Item *item, **orig_ref_pointer_array= ref_pointer_array; ORDER *order,*group,**prev; *all_order_by_fields_used= 1; while ((item=li++)) item->marker=0; /* Marker that field is not used */ prev= &group; group=0; for (order=order_list ; order; order=order->next) { if (order->in_field_list) { ORDER *ord=(ORDER*) thd->memdup((char*) order,sizeof(ORDER)); if (!ord) return 0; *prev=ord; prev= &ord->next; (*ord->item)->marker=1; } else *all_order_by_fields_used= 0; } li.rewind(); while ((item=li++)) { if (!item->const_item() && !item->with_sum_func && !item->marker) { /* Don't put duplicate columns from the SELECT list into the GROUP BY list. */ ORDER *ord_iter; for (ord_iter= group; ord_iter; ord_iter= ord_iter->next) if ((*ord_iter->item)->eq(item, 1)) goto next_item; ORDER *ord=(ORDER*) thd->calloc(sizeof(ORDER)); if (!ord) return 0; if (item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && item->field_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BIT) { /* Because HEAP tables can't index BIT fields we need to use an additional hidden field for grouping because later it will be converted to a LONG field. Original field will remain of the BIT type and will be returned to a client. */ Item_field *new_item= new Item_field(thd, (Item_field*)item); int el= all_fields.elements; orig_ref_pointer_array[el]= new_item; all_fields.push_front(new_item); ord->item= orig_ref_pointer_array + el; } else { /* We have here only field_list (not all_field_list), so we can use simple indexing of ref_pointer_array (order in the array and in the list are same) */ ord->item= ref_pointer_array; } ord->asc=1; *prev=ord; prev= &ord->next; } next_item: ref_pointer_array++; } *prev=0; return group; } /** Update join with count of the different type of fields. */ void count_field_types(SELECT_LEX *select_lex, TMP_TABLE_PARAM *param, List &fields, bool reset_with_sum_func) { List_iterator li(fields); Item *field; param->field_count=param->sum_func_count=param->func_count= param->hidden_field_count=0; param->quick_group=1; while ((field=li++)) { Item::Type real_type= field->real_item()->type(); if (real_type == Item::FIELD_ITEM) param->field_count++; else if (real_type == Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM) { if (! field->const_item()) { Item_sum *sum_item=(Item_sum*) field->real_item(); if (!sum_item->depended_from() || sum_item->depended_from() == select_lex) { if (!sum_item->quick_group) param->quick_group=0; // UDF SUM function param->sum_func_count++; for (uint i=0 ; i < sum_item->get_arg_count() ; i++) { if (sum_item->get_arg(i)->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) param->field_count++; else param->func_count++; } } param->func_count++; } } else { param->func_count++; if (reset_with_sum_func) field->with_sum_func=0; } } } /** Return 1 if second is a subpart of first argument. If first parts has different direction, change it to second part (group is sorted like order) */ static bool test_if_subpart(ORDER *a,ORDER *b) { for (; a && b; a=a->next,b=b->next) { if ((*a->item)->eq(*b->item,1)) a->asc=b->asc; else return 0; } return test(!b); } /** Return table number if there is only one table in sort order and group and order is compatible, else return 0. */ static TABLE * get_sort_by_table(ORDER *a,ORDER *b, List &tables) { TABLE_LIST *table; List_iterator ti(tables); table_map map= (table_map) 0; DBUG_ENTER("get_sort_by_table"); if (!a) a=b; // Only one need to be given else if (!b) b=a; for (; a && b; a=a->next,b=b->next) { if (!(*a->item)->eq(*b->item,1)) DBUG_RETURN(0); map|=a->item[0]->used_tables(); } if (!map || (map & (RAND_TABLE_BIT | OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT))) DBUG_RETURN(0); while ((table= ti++) && !(map & table->table->map)) ; if (map != table->table->map) DBUG_RETURN(0); // More than one table DBUG_PRINT("exit",("sort by table: %d",table->table->tablenr)); DBUG_RETURN(table->table); } /** calc how big buffer we need for comparing group entries. */ static void calc_group_buffer(JOIN *join,ORDER *group) { uint key_length=0, parts=0, null_parts=0; if (group) join->group= 1; for (; group ; group=group->next) { Item *group_item= *group->item; Field *field= group_item->get_tmp_table_field(); if (field) { enum_field_types type; if ((type= field->type()) == MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB) key_length+=MAX_BLOB_WIDTH; // Can't be used as a key else if (type == MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR || type == MYSQL_TYPE_VAR_STRING) key_length+= field->field_length + HA_KEY_BLOB_LENGTH; else if (type == MYSQL_TYPE_BIT) { /* Bit is usually stored as a longlong key for group fields */ key_length+= 8; // Big enough } else key_length+= field->pack_length(); } else { switch (group_item->result_type()) { case REAL_RESULT: key_length+= sizeof(double); break; case INT_RESULT: key_length+= sizeof(longlong); break; case DECIMAL_RESULT: key_length+= my_decimal_get_binary_size(group_item->max_length - (group_item->decimals ? 1 : 0), group_item->decimals); break; case STRING_RESULT: { enum enum_field_types type= group_item->field_type(); /* As items represented as DATE/TIME fields in the group buffer have STRING_RESULT result type, we increase the length by 8 as maximum pack length of such fields. */ if (type == MYSQL_TYPE_TIME || type == MYSQL_TYPE_DATE || type == MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIME || type == MYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP) { key_length+= 8; } else if (type == MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB) key_length+= MAX_BLOB_WIDTH; // Can't be used as a key else { /* Group strings are taken as varstrings and require an length field. A field is not yet created by create_tmp_field() and the sizes should match up. */ key_length+= group_item->max_length + HA_KEY_BLOB_LENGTH; } break; } default: /* This case should never be choosen */ DBUG_ASSERT(0); my_error(ER_OUT_OF_RESOURCES, MYF(ME_FATALERROR)); } } parts++; if (group_item->maybe_null) null_parts++; } join->tmp_table_param.group_length=key_length+null_parts; join->tmp_table_param.group_parts=parts; join->tmp_table_param.group_null_parts=null_parts; } /** allocate group fields or take prepared (cached). @param main_join join of current select @param curr_join current join (join of current select or temporary copy of it) @retval 0 ok @retval 1 failed */ static bool make_group_fields(JOIN *main_join, JOIN *curr_join) { if (main_join->group_fields_cache.elements) { curr_join->group_fields= main_join->group_fields_cache; curr_join->sort_and_group= 1; } else { if (alloc_group_fields(curr_join, curr_join->group_list)) return (1); main_join->group_fields_cache= curr_join->group_fields; } return (0); } /** Get a list of buffers for saveing last group. Groups are saved in reverse order for easyer check loop. */ static bool alloc_group_fields(JOIN *join,ORDER *group) { if (group) { for (; group ; group=group->next) { Cached_item *tmp=new_Cached_item(join->thd, *group->item, TRUE); if (!tmp || join->group_fields.push_front(tmp)) return TRUE; } } join->sort_and_group=1; /* Mark for do_select */ return FALSE; } /* Test if a single-row cache of items changed, and update the cache. @details Test if a list of items that typically represents a result row has changed. If the value of some item changed, update the cached value for this item. @param list list of pairs stored as Cached_item. @return -1 if no item changed @return index of the first item that changed */ int test_if_item_cache_changed(List &list) { DBUG_ENTER("test_if_item_cache_changed"); List_iterator li(list); int idx= -1,i; Cached_item *buff; for (i=(int) list.elements-1 ; (buff=li++) ; i--) { if (buff->cmp()) idx=i; } DBUG_PRINT("info", ("idx: %d", idx)); DBUG_RETURN(idx); } static int test_if_group_changed(List &list) { DBUG_ENTER("test_if_group_changed"); List_iterator li(list); int idx= -1,i; Cached_item *buff; for (i=(int) list.elements-1 ; (buff=li++) ; i--) { if (buff->cmp()) idx=i; } DBUG_PRINT("info", ("idx: %d", idx)); DBUG_RETURN(idx); } /** Setup copy_fields to save fields at start of new group. Setup copy_fields to save fields at start of new group Only FIELD_ITEM:s and FUNC_ITEM:s needs to be saved between groups. Change old item_field to use a new field with points at saved fieldvalue This function is only called before use of send_result_set_metadata. @param thd THD pointer @param param temporary table parameters @param ref_pointer_array array of pointers to top elements of filed list @param res_selected_fields new list of items of select item list @param res_all_fields new list of all items @param elements number of elements in select item list @param all_fields all fields list @todo In most cases this result will be sent to the user. This should be changed to use copy_int or copy_real depending on how the value is to be used: In some cases this may be an argument in a group function, like: IF(ISNULL(col),0,COUNT(*)) @retval 0 ok @retval !=0 error */ bool setup_copy_fields(THD *thd, TMP_TABLE_PARAM *param, Item **ref_pointer_array, List &res_selected_fields, List &res_all_fields, uint elements, List &all_fields) { Item *pos; List_iterator_fast li(all_fields); Copy_field *copy= NULL; Copy_field *copy_start __attribute__((unused)); res_selected_fields.empty(); res_all_fields.empty(); List_iterator_fast itr(res_all_fields); List extra_funcs; uint i, border= all_fields.elements - elements; DBUG_ENTER("setup_copy_fields"); if (param->field_count && !(copy=param->copy_field= new Copy_field[param->field_count])) goto err2; param->copy_funcs.empty(); copy_start= copy; for (i= 0; (pos= li++); i++) { Field *field; uchar *tmp; Item *real_pos= pos->real_item(); /* Aggregate functions can be substituted for fields (by e.g. temp tables). We need to filter those substituted fields out. */ if (real_pos->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM && !(real_pos != pos && ((Item_ref *)pos)->ref_type() == Item_ref::AGGREGATE_REF)) { Item_field *item; if (!(item= new Item_field(thd, ((Item_field*) real_pos)))) goto err; if (pos->type() == Item::REF_ITEM) { /* preserve the names of the ref when dereferncing */ Item_ref *ref= (Item_ref *) pos; item->db_name= ref->db_name; item->table_name= ref->table_name; item->name= ref->name; } pos= item; if (item->field->flags & BLOB_FLAG) { if (!(pos= new Item_copy_string(pos))) goto err; /* Item_copy_string::copy for function can call Item_copy_string::val_int for blob via Item_ref. But if Item_copy_string::copy for blob isn't called before, it's value will be wrong so let's insert Item_copy_string for blobs in the beginning of copy_funcs (to see full test case look at having.test, BUG #4358) */ if (param->copy_funcs.push_front(pos)) goto err; } else { /* set up save buffer and change result_field to point at saved value */ field= item->field; item->result_field=field->new_field(thd->mem_root,field->table, 1); /* We need to allocate one extra byte for null handling and another extra byte to not get warnings from purify in Field_string::val_int */ if (!(tmp= (uchar*) sql_alloc(field->pack_length()+2))) goto err; if (copy) { DBUG_ASSERT (param->field_count > (uint) (copy - copy_start)); copy->set(tmp, item->result_field); item->result_field->move_field(copy->to_ptr,copy->to_null_ptr,1); #ifdef HAVE_valgrind copy->to_ptr[copy->from_length]= 0; #endif copy++; } } } else if ((real_pos->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM || real_pos->real_type() == Item::SUBSELECT_ITEM || real_pos->type() == Item::CACHE_ITEM || real_pos->type() == Item::COND_ITEM) && !real_pos->with_sum_func) { // Save for send fields pos= real_pos; /* TODO: In most cases this result will be sent to the user. This should be changed to use copy_int or copy_real depending on how the value is to be used: In some cases this may be an argument in a group function, like: IF(ISNULL(col),0,COUNT(*)) */ if (!(pos=new Item_copy_string(pos))) goto err; if (i < border) // HAVING, ORDER and GROUP BY { if (extra_funcs.push_back(pos)) goto err; } else if (param->copy_funcs.push_back(pos)) goto err; } res_all_fields.push_back(pos); ref_pointer_array[((i < border)? all_fields.elements-i-1 : i-border)]= pos; } param->copy_field_end= copy; for (i= 0; i < border; i++) itr++; itr.sublist(res_selected_fields, elements); /* Put elements from HAVING, ORDER BY and GROUP BY last to ensure that any reference used in these will resolve to a item that is already calculated */ param->copy_funcs.concat(&extra_funcs); DBUG_RETURN(0); err: if (copy) delete [] param->copy_field; // This is never 0 param->copy_field=0; err2: DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } /** Make a copy of all simple SELECT'ed items. This is done at the start of a new group so that we can retrieve these later when the group changes. */ void copy_fields(TMP_TABLE_PARAM *param) { Copy_field *ptr=param->copy_field; Copy_field *end=param->copy_field_end; DBUG_ASSERT((ptr != NULL && end >= ptr) || (ptr == NULL && end == NULL)); for (; ptr != end; ptr++) (*ptr->do_copy)(ptr); List_iterator_fast it(param->copy_funcs); Item_copy_string *item; while ((item = (Item_copy_string*) it++)) item->copy(); } /** Make an array of pointers to sum_functions to speed up sum_func calculation. @retval 0 ok @retval 1 Error */ bool JOIN::alloc_func_list() { uint func_count, group_parts; DBUG_ENTER("alloc_func_list"); func_count= tmp_table_param.sum_func_count; /* If we are using rollup, we need a copy of the summary functions for each level */ if (rollup.state != ROLLUP::STATE_NONE) func_count*= (send_group_parts+1); group_parts= send_group_parts; /* If distinct, reserve memory for possible disctinct->group_by optimization */ if (select_distinct) { group_parts+= fields_list.elements; /* If the ORDER clause is specified then it's possible that it also will be optimized, so reserve space for it too */ if (order) { ORDER *ord; for (ord= order; ord; ord= ord->next) group_parts++; } } /* This must use calloc() as rollup_make_fields depends on this */ sum_funcs= (Item_sum**) thd->calloc(sizeof(Item_sum**) * (func_count+1) + sizeof(Item_sum***) * (group_parts+1)); sum_funcs_end= (Item_sum***) (sum_funcs+func_count+1); DBUG_RETURN(sum_funcs == 0); } /** Initialize 'sum_funcs' array with all Item_sum objects. @param field_list All items @param send_result_set_metadata Items in select list @param before_group_by Set to 1 if this is called before GROUP BY handling @param recompute Set to TRUE if sum_funcs must be recomputed @retval 0 ok @retval 1 error */ bool JOIN::make_sum_func_list(List &field_list, List &send_result_set_metadata, bool before_group_by, bool recompute) { List_iterator_fast it(field_list); Item_sum **func; Item *item; DBUG_ENTER("make_sum_func_list"); if (*sum_funcs && !recompute) DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); /* We have already initialized sum_funcs. */ func= sum_funcs; while ((item=it++)) { if (item->type() == Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM && !item->const_item() && (!((Item_sum*) item)->depended_from() || ((Item_sum *)item)->depended_from() == select_lex)) *func++= (Item_sum*) item; } if (before_group_by && rollup.state == ROLLUP::STATE_INITED) { rollup.state= ROLLUP::STATE_READY; if (rollup_make_fields(field_list, send_result_set_metadata, &func)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); // Should never happen } else if (rollup.state == ROLLUP::STATE_NONE) { for (uint i=0 ; i <= send_group_parts ;i++) sum_funcs_end[i]= func; } else if (rollup.state == ROLLUP::STATE_READY) DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); // Don't put end marker *func=0; // End marker DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /** Change all funcs and sum_funcs to fields in tmp table, and create new list of all items. @param thd THD pointer @param ref_pointer_array array of pointers to top elements of filed list @param res_selected_fields new list of items of select item list @param res_all_fields new list of all items @param elements number of elements in select item list @param all_fields all fields list @retval 0 ok @retval !=0 error */ static bool change_to_use_tmp_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, List &res_selected_fields, List &res_all_fields, uint elements, List &all_fields) { List_iterator_fast it(all_fields); Item *item_field,*item; DBUG_ENTER("change_to_use_tmp_fields"); res_selected_fields.empty(); res_all_fields.empty(); uint border= all_fields.elements - elements; for (uint i= 0; (item= it++); i++) { Field *field; if (item->with_sum_func && item->type() != Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM) item_field= item; else if (item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM) item_field= item->get_tmp_table_item(thd); else if (item->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && ((Item_func*)item)->functype() == Item_func::SUSERVAR_FUNC) { field= item->get_tmp_table_field(); if (field != NULL) { /* Replace "@:=" with "@:=". Otherwise, we would re-evaluate , and if expression were a subquery, this would access already-unlocked tables. */ Item_func_set_user_var* suv= new Item_func_set_user_var((Item_func_set_user_var*) item); Item_field *new_field= new Item_field(field); if (!suv || !new_field || suv->fix_fields(thd, (Item**)&suv)) DBUG_RETURN(true); // Fatal error ((Item *)suv)->name= item->name; /* We are replacing the argument of Item_func_set_user_var after its value has been read. The argument's null_value should be set by now, so we must set it explicitly for the replacement argument since the null_value may be read without any preceeding call to val_*(). */ new_field->update_null_value(); List list; list.push_back(new_field); suv->set_arguments(list); item_field= suv; } else item_field= item; } else if ((field= item->get_tmp_table_field())) { if (item->type() == Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM && field->table->group) item_field= ((Item_sum*) item)->result_item(field); else item_field= (Item*) new Item_field(field); if (!item_field) DBUG_RETURN(true); // Fatal error if (item->real_item()->type() != Item::FIELD_ITEM) field->orig_table= 0; item_field->name= item->name; if (item->type() == Item::REF_ITEM) { Item_field *ifield= (Item_field *) item_field; Item_ref *iref= (Item_ref *) item; ifield->table_name= iref->table_name; ifield->db_name= iref->db_name; } #ifndef DBUG_OFF if (!item_field->name) { char buff[256]; String str(buff,sizeof(buff),&my_charset_bin); str.length(0); str.extra_allocation(1024); item->print(&str, QT_ORDINARY); item_field->name= sql_strmake(str.ptr(),str.length()); } #endif } else item_field= item; res_all_fields.push_back(item_field); ref_pointer_array[((i < border)? all_fields.elements-i-1 : i-border)]= item_field; } List_iterator_fast itr(res_all_fields); for (uint i= 0; i < border; i++) itr++; itr.sublist(res_selected_fields, elements); DBUG_RETURN(false); } /** Change all sum_func refs to fields to point at fields in tmp table. Change all funcs to be fields in tmp table. @param thd THD pointer @param ref_pointer_array array of pointers to top elements of filed list @param res_selected_fields new list of items of select item list @param res_all_fields new list of all items @param elements number of elements in select item list @param all_fields all fields list @retval 0 ok @retval 1 error */ static bool change_refs_to_tmp_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref_pointer_array, List &res_selected_fields, List &res_all_fields, uint elements, List &all_fields) { List_iterator_fast it(all_fields); Item *item, *new_item; res_selected_fields.empty(); res_all_fields.empty(); uint i, border= all_fields.elements - elements; for (i= 0; (item= it++); i++) { res_all_fields.push_back(new_item= item->get_tmp_table_item(thd)); ref_pointer_array[((i < border)? all_fields.elements-i-1 : i-border)]= new_item; } List_iterator_fast itr(res_all_fields); for (i= 0; i < border; i++) itr++; itr.sublist(res_selected_fields, elements); return thd->is_fatal_error; } /****************************************************************************** Code for calculating functions ******************************************************************************/ /** Call ::setup for all sum functions. @param thd thread handler @param func_ptr sum function list @retval FALSE ok @retval TRUE error */ static bool setup_sum_funcs(THD *thd, Item_sum **func_ptr) { Item_sum *func; DBUG_ENTER("setup_sum_funcs"); while ((func= *(func_ptr++))) { if (func->aggregator_setup(thd)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } static bool prepare_sum_aggregators(Item_sum **func_ptr, bool need_distinct) { Item_sum *func; DBUG_ENTER("prepare_sum_aggregators"); while ((func= *(func_ptr++))) { if (func->set_aggregator(need_distinct && func->has_with_distinct() ? Aggregator::DISTINCT_AGGREGATOR : Aggregator::SIMPLE_AGGREGATOR)) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } static void init_tmptable_sum_functions(Item_sum **func_ptr) { Item_sum *func; while ((func= *(func_ptr++))) func->reset_field(); } /** Update record 0 in tmp_table from record 1. */ static void update_tmptable_sum_func(Item_sum **func_ptr, TABLE *tmp_table __attribute__((unused))) { Item_sum *func; while ((func= *(func_ptr++))) func->update_field(); } /** Copy result of sum functions to record in tmp_table. */ static void copy_sum_funcs(Item_sum **func_ptr, Item_sum **end_ptr) { for (; func_ptr != end_ptr ; func_ptr++) (void) (*func_ptr)->save_in_result_field(1); return; } static bool init_sum_functions(Item_sum **func_ptr, Item_sum **end_ptr) { for (; func_ptr != end_ptr ;func_ptr++) { if ((*func_ptr)->reset_and_add()) return 1; } /* If rollup, calculate the upper sum levels */ for ( ; *func_ptr ; func_ptr++) { if ((*func_ptr)->aggregator_add()) return 1; } return 0; } static bool update_sum_func(Item_sum **func_ptr) { Item_sum *func; for (; (func= (Item_sum*) *func_ptr) ; func_ptr++) if (func->aggregator_add()) return 1; return 0; } /** Copy result of functions to record in tmp_table. Uses the thread pointer to check for errors in some of the val_xxx() methods called by the save_in_result_field() function. TODO: make the Item::val_xxx() return error code @param func_ptr array of the function Items to copy to the tmp table @param thd pointer to the current thread for error checking @retval FALSE if OK @retval TRUE on error */ bool copy_funcs(Item **func_ptr, const THD *thd) { Item *func; for (; (func = *func_ptr) ; func_ptr++) { func->save_in_result_field(1); /* Need to check the THD error state because Item::val_xxx() don't return error code, but can generate errors TODO: change it for a real status check when Item::val_xxx() are extended to return status code. */ if (thd->is_error()) return TRUE; } return FALSE; } /** Create a condition for a const reference and add this to the currenct select for the table. */ static bool add_ref_to_table_cond(THD *thd, JOIN_TAB *join_tab) { DBUG_ENTER("add_ref_to_table_cond"); if (!join_tab->ref.key_parts) DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); Item_cond_and *cond=new Item_cond_and(); TABLE *table=join_tab->table; int error= 0; if (!cond) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); for (uint i=0 ; i < join_tab->ref.key_parts ; i++) { Field *field=table->field[table->key_info[join_tab->ref.key].key_part[i]. fieldnr-1]; Item *value=join_tab->ref.items[i]; cond->add(new Item_func_equal(new Item_field(field), value)); } if (thd->is_fatal_error) DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); if (!cond->fixed) { Item *tmp_item= (Item*) cond; cond->fix_fields(thd, &tmp_item); DBUG_ASSERT(cond == tmp_item); } if (join_tab->select) { Item *cond_copy; UNINIT_VAR(cond_copy); // used when pre_idx_push_select_cond!=NULL if (join_tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond) cond_copy= cond->copy_andor_structure(thd); if (join_tab->select->cond) error=(int) cond->add(join_tab->select->cond); join_tab->select->cond= cond; if (join_tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond) { Item *new_cond= and_conds(cond_copy, join_tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond); if (!new_cond->fixed && new_cond->fix_fields(thd, &new_cond)) error= 1; join_tab->pre_idx_push_select_cond= join_tab->select->pre_idx_push_select_cond= new_cond; } join_tab->set_select_cond(cond, __LINE__); } else if ((join_tab->select= make_select(join_tab->table, 0, 0, cond, 0, &error))) join_tab->set_select_cond(cond, __LINE__); DBUG_RETURN(error ? TRUE : FALSE); } /** Free joins of subselect of this select. @param thd THD pointer @param select pointer to st_select_lex which subselects joins we will free */ void free_underlaid_joins(THD *thd, SELECT_LEX *select) { for (SELECT_LEX_UNIT *unit= select->first_inner_unit(); unit; unit= unit->next_unit()) unit->cleanup(); } /**************************************************************************** ROLLUP handling ****************************************************************************/ /** Replace occurences of group by fields in an expression by ref items. The function replaces occurrences of group by fields in expr by ref objects for these fields unless they are under aggregate functions. The function also corrects value of the the maybe_null attribute for the items of all subexpressions containing group by fields. @b EXAMPLES @code SELECT a+1 FROM t1 GROUP BY a WITH ROLLUP SELECT SUM(a)+a FROM t1 GROUP BY a WITH ROLLUP @endcode @b IMPLEMENTATION The function recursively traverses the tree of the expr expression, looks for occurrences of the group by fields that are not under aggregate functions and replaces them for the corresponding ref items. @note This substitution is needed GROUP BY queries with ROLLUP if SELECT list contains expressions over group by attributes. @param thd reference to the context @param expr expression to make replacement @param group_list list of references to group by items @param changed out: returns 1 if item contains a replaced field item @todo - TODO: Some functions are not null-preserving. For those functions updating of the maybe_null attribute is an overkill. @retval 0 if ok @retval 1 on error */ static bool change_group_ref(THD *thd, Item_func *expr, ORDER *group_list, bool *changed) { if (expr->arg_count) { Name_resolution_context *context= &thd->lex->current_select->context; Item **arg,**arg_end; bool arg_changed= FALSE; for (arg= expr->arguments(), arg_end= expr->arguments()+expr->arg_count; arg != arg_end; arg++) { Item *item= *arg; if (item->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM || item->type() == Item::REF_ITEM) { ORDER *group_tmp; for (group_tmp= group_list; group_tmp; group_tmp= group_tmp->next) { if (item->eq(*group_tmp->item,0)) { Item *new_item; if (!(new_item= new Item_ref(context, group_tmp->item, 0, item->name))) return 1; // fatal_error is set thd->change_item_tree(arg, new_item); arg_changed= TRUE; } } } else if (item->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM) { if (change_group_ref(thd, (Item_func *) item, group_list, &arg_changed)) return 1; } } if (arg_changed) { expr->maybe_null= 1; expr->in_rollup= 1; *changed= TRUE; } } return 0; } /** Allocate memory needed for other rollup functions. */ bool JOIN::rollup_init() { uint i,j; Item **ref_array; tmp_table_param.quick_group= 0; // Can't create groups in tmp table rollup.state= ROLLUP::STATE_INITED; /* Create pointers to the different sum function groups These are updated by rollup_make_fields() */ tmp_table_param.group_parts= send_group_parts; if (!(rollup.null_items= (Item_null_result**) thd->alloc((sizeof(Item*) + sizeof(Item**) + sizeof(List) + ref_pointer_array_size) * send_group_parts ))) return 1; rollup.fields= (List*) (rollup.null_items + send_group_parts); rollup.ref_pointer_arrays= (Item***) (rollup.fields + send_group_parts); ref_array= (Item**) (rollup.ref_pointer_arrays+send_group_parts); /* Prepare space for field list for the different levels These will be filled up in rollup_make_fields() */ for (i= 0 ; i < send_group_parts ; i++) { rollup.null_items[i]= new (thd->mem_root) Item_null_result(); List *rollup_fields= &rollup.fields[i]; rollup_fields->empty(); rollup.ref_pointer_arrays[i]= ref_array; ref_array+= all_fields.elements; } for (i= 0 ; i < send_group_parts; i++) { for (j=0 ; j < fields_list.elements ; j++) rollup.fields[i].push_back(rollup.null_items[i]); } List_iterator it(all_fields); Item *item; while ((item= it++)) { ORDER *group_tmp; bool found_in_group= 0; for (group_tmp= group_list; group_tmp; group_tmp= group_tmp->next) { if (*group_tmp->item == item) { item->maybe_null= 1; item->in_rollup= 1; found_in_group= 1; break; } } if (item->type() == Item::FUNC_ITEM && !found_in_group) { bool changed= FALSE; if (change_group_ref(thd, (Item_func *) item, group_list, &changed)) return 1; /* We have to prevent creation of a field in a temporary table for an expression that contains GROUP BY attributes. Marking the expression item as 'with_sum_func' will ensure this. */ if (changed) item->with_sum_func= 1; } } return 0; } /** Wrap all constant Items in GROUP BY list. For ROLLUP queries each constant item referenced in GROUP BY list is wrapped up into an Item_func object yielding the same value as the constant item. The objects of the wrapper class are never considered as constant items and besides they inherit all properties of the Item_result_field class. This wrapping allows us to ensure writing constant items into temporary tables whenever the result of the ROLLUP operation has to be written into a temporary table, e.g. when ROLLUP is used together with DISTINCT in the SELECT list. Usually when creating temporary tables for a intermidiate result we do not include fields for constant expressions. @retval 0 if ok @retval 1 on error */ bool JOIN::rollup_process_const_fields() { ORDER *group_tmp; Item *item; List_iterator it(all_fields); for (group_tmp= group_list; group_tmp; group_tmp= group_tmp->next) { if (!(*group_tmp->item)->const_item()) continue; while ((item= it++)) { if (*group_tmp->item == item) { Item* new_item= new Item_func_rollup_const(item); if (!new_item) return 1; new_item->fix_fields(thd, (Item **) 0); thd->change_item_tree(it.ref(), new_item); for (ORDER *tmp= group_tmp; tmp; tmp= tmp->next) { if (*tmp->item == item) thd->change_item_tree(tmp->item, new_item); } break; } } it.rewind(); } return 0; } /** Fill up rollup structures with pointers to fields to use. Creates copies of item_sum items for each sum level. @param fields_arg List of all fields (hidden and real ones) @param sel_fields Pointer to selected fields @param func Store here a pointer to all fields @retval 0 if ok; In this case func is pointing to next not used element. @retval 1 on error */ bool JOIN::rollup_make_fields(List &fields_arg, List &sel_fields, Item_sum ***func) { List_iterator_fast it(fields_arg); Item *first_field= sel_fields.head(); uint level; /* Create field lists for the different levels The idea here is to have a separate field list for each rollup level to avoid all runtime checks of which columns should be NULL. The list is stored in reverse order to get sum function in such an order in func that it makes it easy to reset them with init_sum_functions() Assuming: SELECT a, b, c SUM(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a,b WITH ROLLUP rollup.fields[0] will contain list where a,b,c is NULL rollup.fields[1] will contain list where b,c is NULL ... rollup.ref_pointer_array[#] points to fields for rollup.fields[#] ... sum_funcs_end[0] points to all sum functions sum_funcs_end[1] points to all sum functions, except grand totals ... */ for (level=0 ; level < send_group_parts ; level++) { uint i; uint pos= send_group_parts - level -1; bool real_fields= 0; Item *item; List_iterator new_it(rollup.fields[pos]); Item **ref_array_start= rollup.ref_pointer_arrays[pos]; ORDER *start_group; /* Point to first hidden field */ Item **ref_array= ref_array_start + fields_arg.elements-1; /* Remember where the sum functions ends for the previous level */ sum_funcs_end[pos+1]= *func; /* Find the start of the group for this level */ for (i= 0, start_group= group_list ; i++ < pos ; start_group= start_group->next) ; it.rewind(); while ((item= it++)) { if (item == first_field) { real_fields= 1; // End of hidden fields ref_array= ref_array_start; } if (item->type() == Item::SUM_FUNC_ITEM && !item->const_item() && (!((Item_sum*) item)->depended_from() || ((Item_sum *)item)->depended_from() == select_lex)) { /* This is a top level summary function that must be replaced with a sum function that is reset for this level. NOTE: This code creates an object which is not that nice in a sub select. Fortunately it's not common to have rollup in sub selects. */ item= item->copy_or_same(thd); ((Item_sum*) item)->make_unique(); *(*func)= (Item_sum*) item; (*func)++; } else { /* Check if this is something that is part of this group by */ ORDER *group_tmp; for (group_tmp= start_group, i= pos ; group_tmp ; group_tmp= group_tmp->next, i++) { if (*group_tmp->item == item) { /* This is an element that is used by the GROUP BY and should be set to NULL in this level */ Item_null_result *null_item= new (thd->mem_root) Item_null_result(); if (!null_item) return 1; item->maybe_null= 1; // Value will be null sometimes null_item->result_field= item->get_tmp_table_field(); item= null_item; break; } } } *ref_array= item; if (real_fields) { (void) new_it++; // Point to next item new_it.replace(item); // Replace previous ref_array++; } else ref_array--; } } sum_funcs_end[0]= *func; // Point to last function return 0; } /** Send all rollup levels higher than the current one to the client. @b SAMPLE @code SELECT a, b, c SUM(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a,b WITH ROLLUP @endcode @param idx Level we are on: - 0 = Total sum level - 1 = First group changed (a) - 2 = Second group changed (a,b) @retval 0 ok @retval 1 If send_data_failed() */ int JOIN::rollup_send_data(uint idx) { uint i; for (i= send_group_parts ; i-- > idx ; ) { int res= 0; /* Get reference pointers to sum functions in place */ memcpy((char*) ref_pointer_array, (char*) rollup.ref_pointer_arrays[i], ref_pointer_array_size); if ((!having || having->val_int())) { if (send_records < unit->select_limit_cnt && do_send_rows && (res= result->send_data(rollup.fields[i])) > 0) return 1; if (!res) send_records++; } } /* Restore ref_pointer_array */ set_items_ref_array(current_ref_pointer_array); return 0; } /** Write all rollup levels higher than the current one to a temp table. @b SAMPLE @code SELECT a, b, SUM(c) FROM t1 GROUP BY a,b WITH ROLLUP @endcode @param idx Level we are on: - 0 = Total sum level - 1 = First group changed (a) - 2 = Second group changed (a,b) @param table reference to temp table @retval 0 ok @retval 1 if write_data_failed() */ int JOIN::rollup_write_data(uint idx, TABLE *table_arg) { uint i; for (i= send_group_parts ; i-- > idx ; ) { /* Get reference pointers to sum functions in place */ memcpy((char*) ref_pointer_array, (char*) rollup.ref_pointer_arrays[i], ref_pointer_array_size); if ((!having || having->val_int())) { int write_error; Item *item; List_iterator_fast it(rollup.fields[i]); while ((item= it++)) { if (item->type() == Item::NULL_ITEM && item->is_result_field()) item->save_in_result_field(1); } copy_sum_funcs(sum_funcs_end[i+1], sum_funcs_end[i]); if ((write_error= table_arg->file->ha_write_tmp_row(table_arg->record[0]))) { if (create_internal_tmp_table_from_heap(thd, table_arg, tmp_table_param.start_recinfo, &tmp_table_param.recinfo, write_error, 0)) return 1; } } } /* Restore ref_pointer_array */ set_items_ref_array(current_ref_pointer_array); return 0; } /** clear results if there are not rows found for group (end_send_group/end_write_group) */ void JOIN::clear() { clear_tables(this); copy_fields(&tmp_table_param); if (sum_funcs) { Item_sum *func, **func_ptr= sum_funcs; while ((func= *(func_ptr++))) func->clear(); } } /** EXPLAIN handling. Send a description about what how the select will be done to stdout. */ static void select_describe(JOIN *join, bool need_tmp_table, bool need_order, bool distinct,const char *message) { List field_list; List item_list; THD *thd=join->thd; select_result *result=join->result; Item *item_null= new Item_null(); CHARSET_INFO *cs= system_charset_info; int quick_type; DBUG_ENTER("select_describe"); DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Select 0x%lx, type %s, message %s", (ulong)join->select_lex, join->select_lex->type, message ? message : "NULL")); /* Don't log this into the slow query log */ thd->server_status&= ~(SERVER_QUERY_NO_INDEX_USED | SERVER_QUERY_NO_GOOD_INDEX_USED); join->unit->offset_limit_cnt= 0; /* NOTE: the number/types of items pushed into item_list must be in sync with EXPLAIN column types as they're "defined" in THD::send_explain_fields() */ if (message) { item_list.push_back(new Item_int((int32) join->select_lex->select_number)); item_list.push_back(new Item_string(join->select_lex->type, strlen(join->select_lex->type), cs)); for (uint i=0 ; i < 7; i++) item_list.push_back(item_null); if (join->thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_PARTITIONS) item_list.push_back(item_null); if (join->thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED) item_list.push_back(item_null); item_list.push_back(new Item_string(message,strlen(message),cs)); if (result->send_data(item_list)) join->error= 1; } else if (join->select_lex == join->unit->fake_select_lex) { /* here we assume that the query will return at least two rows, so we show "filesort" in EXPLAIN. Of course, sometimes we'll be wrong and no filesort will be actually done, but executing all selects in the UNION to provide precise EXPLAIN information will hardly be appreciated :) */ char table_name_buffer[SAFE_NAME_LEN]; item_list.empty(); /* id */ item_list.push_back(new Item_null); /* select_type */ item_list.push_back(new Item_string(join->select_lex->type, strlen(join->select_lex->type), cs)); /* table */ { SELECT_LEX *sl= join->unit->first_select(); uint len= 6, lastop= 0; memcpy(table_name_buffer, STRING_WITH_LEN("next_select()) { len+= lastop; lastop= my_snprintf(table_name_buffer + len, NAME_LEN - len, "%u,", sl->select_number); } if (sl || len + lastop >= NAME_LEN) { memcpy(table_name_buffer + len, STRING_WITH_LEN("...>") + 1); len+= 4; } else { len+= lastop; table_name_buffer[len - 1]= '>'; // change ',' to '>' } item_list.push_back(new Item_string(table_name_buffer, len, cs)); } /* partitions */ if (join->thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_PARTITIONS) item_list.push_back(item_null); /* type */ item_list.push_back(new Item_string(join_type_str[JT_ALL], strlen(join_type_str[JT_ALL]), cs)); /* possible_keys */ item_list.push_back(item_null); /* key*/ item_list.push_back(item_null); /* key_len */ item_list.push_back(item_null); /* ref */ item_list.push_back(item_null); /* in_rows */ if (join->thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED) item_list.push_back(item_null); /* rows */ item_list.push_back(item_null); /* extra */ if (join->unit->global_parameters->order_list.first) item_list.push_back(new Item_string("Using filesort", 14, cs)); else item_list.push_back(new Item_string("", 0, cs)); if (result->send_data(item_list)) join->error= 1; } else if (!join->select_lex->master_unit()->derived || join->select_lex->master_unit()->derived->is_materialized_derived()) { table_map used_tables=0; bool printing_materialize_nest= FALSE; uint select_id= join->select_lex->select_number; for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_breadth_first_tab(join, WALK_OPTIMIZATION_TABS); tab; tab= next_breadth_first_tab(join, WALK_OPTIMIZATION_TABS, tab)) { if (tab->bush_root_tab) { JOIN_TAB *first_sibling= tab->bush_root_tab->bush_children->start; select_id= first_sibling->emb_sj_nest->sj_subq_pred->get_identifier(); printing_materialize_nest= TRUE; } TABLE *table=tab->table; TABLE_LIST *table_list= tab->table->pos_in_table_list; char buff[512]; char buff1[512], buff2[512], buff3[512], buff4[512]; char keylen_str_buf[64]; my_bool key_read; String extra(buff, sizeof(buff),cs); char table_name_buffer[SAFE_NAME_LEN]; String tmp1(buff1,sizeof(buff1),cs); String tmp2(buff2,sizeof(buff2),cs); String tmp3(buff3,sizeof(buff3),cs); String tmp4(buff4,sizeof(buff4),cs); char hash_key_prefix[]= "#hash#"; KEY *key_info= 0; uint key_len= 0; bool is_hj= tab->type == JT_HASH || tab->type ==JT_HASH_NEXT; extra.length(0); tmp1.length(0); tmp2.length(0); tmp3.length(0); tmp4.length(0); quick_type= -1; /* Don't show eliminated tables */ if (table->map & join->eliminated_tables) { used_tables|=table->map; continue; } item_list.empty(); /* id */ item_list.push_back(new Item_uint((uint32)select_id)); /* select_type */ const char* stype= printing_materialize_nest? "MATERIALIZED" : join->select_lex->type; item_list.push_back(new Item_string(stype, strlen(stype), cs)); if ((tab->type == JT_ALL || tab->type == JT_HASH) && tab->select && tab->select->quick) { quick_type= tab->select->quick->get_type(); if ((quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_INDEX_MERGE) || (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_INDEX_INTERSECT) || (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_ROR_INTERSECT) || (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_ROR_UNION)) tab->type= tab->type == JT_ALL ? JT_INDEX_MERGE : JT_HASH_INDEX_MERGE; else tab->type= tab->type == JT_ALL ? JT_RANGE : JT_HASH_RANGE; } /* table */ if (table->derived_select_number) { /* Derived table name generation */ int len= my_snprintf(table_name_buffer, sizeof(table_name_buffer)-1, "", table->derived_select_number); item_list.push_back(new Item_string(table_name_buffer, len, cs)); } else if (tab->bush_children) { JOIN_TAB *ctab= tab->bush_children->start; /* table */ int len= my_snprintf(table_name_buffer, sizeof(table_name_buffer)-1, "", ctab->emb_sj_nest->sj_subq_pred->get_identifier()); item_list.push_back(new Item_string(table_name_buffer, len, cs)); } else { TABLE_LIST *real_table= table->pos_in_table_list; item_list.push_back(new Item_string(real_table->alias, strlen(real_table->alias), cs)); } /* "partitions" column */ if (join->thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_PARTITIONS) { #ifdef WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE partition_info *part_info; if (!table->derived_select_number && (part_info= table->part_info)) { Item_string *item_str= new Item_string(cs); make_used_partitions_str(part_info, &item_str->str_value); item_list.push_back(item_str); } else item_list.push_back(item_null); #else /* just produce empty column if partitioning is not compiled in */ item_list.push_back(item_null); #endif } /* "type" column */ item_list.push_back(new Item_string(join_type_str[tab->type], strlen(join_type_str[tab->type]), cs)); /* Build "possible_keys" value and add it to item_list */ if (!tab->keys.is_clear_all()) { uint j; for (j=0 ; j < table->s->keys ; j++) { if (tab->keys.is_set(j)) { if (tmp1.length()) tmp1.append(','); tmp1.append(table->key_info[j].name, strlen(table->key_info[j].name), system_charset_info); } } } if (tmp1.length()) item_list.push_back(new Item_string(tmp1.ptr(),tmp1.length(),cs)); else item_list.push_back(item_null); /* Build "key", "key_len", and "ref" values and add them to item_list */ if (tab->type == JT_NEXT) { key_info= table->key_info+tab->index; key_len= key_info->key_length; } else if (tab->ref.key_parts) { key_info= tab->get_keyinfo_by_key_no(tab->ref.key); key_len= tab->ref.key_length; } if (key_info) { register uint length; if (is_hj) tmp2.append(hash_key_prefix, strlen(hash_key_prefix), cs); tmp2.append(key_info->name, strlen(key_info->name), cs); length= (longlong10_to_str(key_len, keylen_str_buf, 10) - keylen_str_buf); tmp3.append(keylen_str_buf, length, cs); if (tab->ref.key_parts) { for (store_key **ref=tab->ref.key_copy ; *ref ; ref++) { if (tmp4.length()) tmp4.append(','); tmp4.append((*ref)->name(), strlen((*ref)->name()), cs); } } } if (is_hj && tab->type != JT_HASH) { tmp2.append(':'); tmp3.append(':'); } if (tab->type == JT_HASH_NEXT) { register uint length; key_info= table->key_info+tab->index; key_len= key_info->key_length; tmp2.append(key_info->name, strlen(key_info->name), cs); length= (longlong10_to_str(key_len, keylen_str_buf, 10) - keylen_str_buf); tmp3.append(keylen_str_buf, length, cs); } if (tab->type != JT_CONST && tab->select && tab->select->quick) tab->select->quick->add_keys_and_lengths(&tmp2, &tmp3); if (key_info || (tab->select && tab->select->quick)) { if (tmp2.length()) item_list.push_back(new Item_string(tmp2.ptr(),tmp2.length(),cs)); else item_list.push_back(item_null); if (tmp3.length()) item_list.push_back(new Item_string(tmp3.ptr(),tmp3.length(),cs)); else item_list.push_back(item_null); if (key_info && tab->type != JT_NEXT) item_list.push_back(new Item_string(tmp4.ptr(),tmp4.length(),cs)); else item_list.push_back(item_null); } else { if (table_list && /* SJM bushes don't have table_list */ table_list->schema_table && table_list->schema_table->i_s_requested_object & OPTIMIZE_I_S_TABLE) { const char *tmp_buff; int f_idx; if (table_list->has_db_lookup_value) { f_idx= table_list->schema_table->idx_field1; tmp_buff= table_list->schema_table->fields_info[f_idx].field_name; tmp2.append(tmp_buff, strlen(tmp_buff), cs); } if (table_list->has_table_lookup_value) { if (table_list->has_db_lookup_value) tmp2.append(','); f_idx= table_list->schema_table->idx_field2; tmp_buff= table_list->schema_table->fields_info[f_idx].field_name; tmp2.append(tmp_buff, strlen(tmp_buff), cs); } if (tmp2.length()) item_list.push_back(new Item_string(tmp2.ptr(),tmp2.length(),cs)); else item_list.push_back(item_null); } else item_list.push_back(item_null); item_list.push_back(item_null); item_list.push_back(item_null); } /* Add "rows" field to item_list. */ if (table_list /* SJM bushes don't have table_list */ && table_list->schema_table) { /* in_rows */ if (join->thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED) item_list.push_back(item_null); /* rows */ item_list.push_back(item_null); } else { ha_rows examined_rows= tab->get_examined_rows(); item_list.push_back(new Item_int((longlong) (ulonglong) examined_rows, MY_INT64_NUM_DECIMAL_DIGITS)); /* Add "filtered" field to item_list. */ if (join->thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED) { float f= 0.0; if (examined_rows) f= (float) (100.0 * tab->records_read / examined_rows); set_if_smaller(f, 100.0); item_list.push_back(new Item_float(f, 2)); } } /* Build "Extra" field and add it to item_list. */ key_read=table->key_read; if ((tab->type == JT_NEXT || tab->type == JT_CONST) && table->covering_keys.is_set(tab->index)) key_read=1; if (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_ROR_INTERSECT && !((QUICK_ROR_INTERSECT_SELECT*)tab->select->quick)->need_to_fetch_row) key_read=1; if (tab->info) item_list.push_back(new Item_string(tab->info,strlen(tab->info),cs)); else if (tab->packed_info & TAB_INFO_HAVE_VALUE) { if (tab->packed_info & TAB_INFO_USING_INDEX) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using index")); if (tab->packed_info & TAB_INFO_USING_WHERE) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using where")); if (tab->packed_info & TAB_INFO_FULL_SCAN_ON_NULL) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Full scan on NULL key")); /* Skip initial "; "*/ const char *str= extra.ptr(); uint32 len= extra.length(); if (len) { str += 2; len -= 2; } item_list.push_back(new Item_string(str, len, cs)); } else { uint keyno= MAX_KEY; if (tab->ref.key_parts) keyno= tab->ref.key; else if (tab->select && tab->select->quick) keyno = tab->select->quick->index; if (keyno != MAX_KEY && keyno == table->file->pushed_idx_cond_keyno && table->file->pushed_idx_cond) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using index condition")); else if (tab->cache_idx_cond) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using index condition(BKA)")); if (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_ROR_UNION || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_ROR_INTERSECT || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_INDEX_INTERSECT || quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_INDEX_MERGE) { extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using ")); tab->select->quick->add_info_string(&extra); } if (tab->select) { if (tab->use_quick == 2) { /* 4 bits per 1 hex digit + terminating '\0' */ char buf[MAX_KEY / 4 + 1]; extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Range checked for each " "record (index map: 0x")); extra.append(tab->keys.print(buf)); extra.append(')'); } else if (tab->select->cond) { const COND *pushed_cond= tab->table->file->pushed_cond; if (((thd->variables.optimizer_switch & OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_ENGINE_CONDITION_PUSHDOWN) || (tab->table->file->ha_table_flags() & HA_MUST_USE_TABLE_CONDITION_PUSHDOWN)) && pushed_cond) { extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using where with pushed " "condition")); if (thd->lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED) { extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN(": ")); ((COND *)pushed_cond)->print(&extra, QT_ORDINARY); } } else extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using where")); } } if (table_list /* SJM bushes don't have table_list */ && table_list->schema_table && table_list->schema_table->i_s_requested_object & OPTIMIZE_I_S_TABLE) { if (!table_list->table_open_method) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Skip_open_table")); else if (table_list->table_open_method == OPEN_FRM_ONLY) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Open_frm_only")); else extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Open_full_table")); if (table_list->has_db_lookup_value && table_list->has_table_lookup_value) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Scanned 0 databases")); else if (table_list->has_db_lookup_value || table_list->has_table_lookup_value) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Scanned 1 database")); else extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Scanned all databases")); } if (key_read) { if (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_GROUP_MIN_MAX) { QUICK_GROUP_MIN_MAX_SELECT *qgs= (QUICK_GROUP_MIN_MAX_SELECT *) tab->select->quick; extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using index for group-by")); qgs->append_loose_scan_type(&extra); } else extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using index")); } if (table->reginfo.not_exists_optimize) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Not exists")); /* if (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_RANGE && !(((QUICK_RANGE_SELECT*)(tab->select->quick))->mrr_flags & HA_MRR_USE_DEFAULT_IMPL)) { extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using MRR")); } */ if (quick_type == QUICK_SELECT_I::QS_TYPE_RANGE) { char mrr_str_buf[128]; mrr_str_buf[0]=0; int len; uint mrr_flags= ((QUICK_RANGE_SELECT*)(tab->select->quick))->mrr_flags; len= table->file->multi_range_read_explain_info(mrr_flags, mrr_str_buf, sizeof(mrr_str_buf)); if (len > 0) { extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; ")); extra.append(mrr_str_buf, len); } } if (need_tmp_table) { need_tmp_table=0; extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using temporary")); } if (need_order) { need_order=0; extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using filesort")); } if (distinct & test_all_bits(used_tables, join->select_list_used_tables)) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Distinct")); if (tab->loosescan_match_tab) { extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; LooseScan")); } if (tab->first_weedout_table) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Start temporary")); if (tab->check_weed_out_table) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; End temporary")); else if (tab->do_firstmatch) { if (tab->do_firstmatch == join->join_tab - 1) extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; FirstMatch")); else { extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; FirstMatch(")); TABLE *prev_table=tab->do_firstmatch->table; if (prev_table->derived_select_number) { char namebuf[NAME_LEN]; /* Derived table name generation */ int len= my_snprintf(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf)-1, "", prev_table->derived_select_number); extra.append(namebuf, len); } else extra.append(prev_table->pos_in_table_list->alias); extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN(")")); } } for (uint part= 0; part < tab->ref.key_parts; part++) { if (tab->ref.cond_guards[part]) { extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Full scan on NULL key")); break; } } if (tab->cache) { extra.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("; Using join buffer")); tab->cache->print_explain_comment(&extra); } /* Skip initial "; "*/ const char *str= extra.ptr(); uint32 len= extra.length(); if (len) { str += 2; len -= 2; } item_list.push_back(new Item_string(str, len, cs)); } // For next iteration used_tables|=table->map; if (result->send_data(item_list)) join->error= 1; } } for (SELECT_LEX_UNIT *unit= join->select_lex->first_inner_unit(); unit; unit= unit->next_unit()) { /* This fix_fields() call is to handle an edge case like this: SELECT ... UNION SELECT ... ORDER BY (SELECT ...) for such queries, we'll get here before having called subquery_expr->fix_fields(), which will cause failure to */ if (unit->item && !unit->item->fixed) { Item *ref= unit->item; if (unit->item->fix_fields(thd, &ref)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; DBUG_ASSERT(ref == unit->item); } /* Display subqueries only if they are not parts of eliminated WHERE/ON clauses. */ if (!(unit->item && unit->item->eliminated)) { if (mysql_explain_union(thd, unit, result)) DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } } DBUG_VOID_RETURN; } bool mysql_explain_union(THD *thd, SELECT_LEX_UNIT *unit, select_result *result) { DBUG_ENTER("mysql_explain_union"); bool res= 0; SELECT_LEX *first= unit->first_select(); for (SELECT_LEX *sl= first; sl; sl= sl->next_select()) { sl->set_explain_type(); sl->options|= SELECT_DESCRIBE; } if (unit->is_union()) { unit->fake_select_lex->select_number= UINT_MAX; // jost for initialization unit->fake_select_lex->type= "UNION RESULT"; unit->fake_select_lex->options|= SELECT_DESCRIBE; if (!(res= unit->prepare(thd, result, SELECT_NO_UNLOCK | SELECT_DESCRIBE))) res= unit->exec(); } else { thd->lex->current_select= first; unit->set_limit(unit->global_parameters); res= mysql_select(thd, &first->ref_pointer_array, first->table_list.first, first->with_wild, first->item_list, first->where, first->order_list.elements + first->group_list.elements, first->order_list.first, first->group_list.first, first->having, thd->lex->proc_list.first, first->options | thd->variables.option_bits | SELECT_DESCRIBE, result, unit, first); } DBUG_RETURN(res || thd->is_error()); } static void print_table_array(THD *thd, table_map eliminated_tables, String *str, TABLE_LIST **table, TABLE_LIST **end, enum_query_type query_type) { (*table)->print(thd, eliminated_tables, str, query_type); for (TABLE_LIST **tbl= table + 1; tbl < end; tbl++) { TABLE_LIST *curr= *tbl; /* The "eliminated_tables &&" check guards againist the case of printing the query for CREATE VIEW. We do that without having run JOIN::optimize() and so will have nested_join->used_tables==0. */ if (eliminated_tables && ((curr->table && (curr->table->map & eliminated_tables)) || (curr->nested_join && !(curr->nested_join->used_tables & ~eliminated_tables)))) { /* as of 5.5, print_join doesnt put eliminated elements into array */ DBUG_ASSERT(0); continue; } if (curr->outer_join) { /* MySQL converts right to left joins */ str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" left join ")); } else if (curr->straight) str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" straight_join ")); else if (curr->sj_inner_tables) str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" semi join ")); else str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" join ")); curr->print(thd, eliminated_tables, str, query_type); if (curr->on_expr) { str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" on(")); curr->on_expr->print(str, query_type); str->append(')'); } } } /* Check if the passed table is - a base table which was eliminated, or - a join nest which only contained eliminated tables (and so was eliminated, too) */ static bool is_eliminated_table(table_map eliminated_tables, TABLE_LIST *tbl) { return eliminated_tables && ((tbl->table && (tbl->table->map & eliminated_tables)) || (tbl->nested_join && !(tbl->nested_join->used_tables & ~eliminated_tables))); } /** Print joins from the FROM clause. @param thd thread handler @param str string where table should be printed @param tables list of tables in join @query_type type of the query is being generated */ static void print_join(THD *thd, table_map eliminated_tables, String *str, List *tables, enum_query_type query_type) { /* List is reversed => we should reverse it before using */ List_iterator_fast ti(*tables); TABLE_LIST **table; uint non_const_tables= 0; for (TABLE_LIST *t= ti++; t ; t= ti++) { /* See comment in print_table_array() about the second part of the condition */ if (!t->optimized_away && !is_eliminated_table(eliminated_tables, t)) non_const_tables++; } if (!non_const_tables) { str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("dual")); return; // all tables were optimized away } ti.rewind(); if (!(table= (TABLE_LIST **)thd->alloc(sizeof(TABLE_LIST*) * non_const_tables))) return; // out of memory TABLE_LIST *tmp, **t= table + (non_const_tables - 1); while ((tmp= ti++)) { if (tmp->optimized_away || is_eliminated_table(eliminated_tables, tmp)) continue; *t--= tmp; } DBUG_ASSERT(tables->elements >= 1); /* Assert that the first table in the list isn't eliminated. This comes from the fact that the first table can't be inner table of an outer join. */ DBUG_ASSERT(!eliminated_tables || !(((*table)->table && ((*table)->table->map & eliminated_tables)) || ((*table)->nested_join && !((*table)->nested_join->used_tables & ~eliminated_tables)))); /* If the first table is a semi-join nest, swap it with something that is not a semi-join nest. */ if ((*table)->sj_inner_tables) { TABLE_LIST **end= table + non_const_tables; for (TABLE_LIST **t2= table; t2!=end; t2++) { if (!(*t2)->sj_inner_tables) { TABLE_LIST *tmp= *t2; *t2= *table; *table= tmp; break; } } } print_table_array(thd, eliminated_tables, str, table, table + non_const_tables, query_type); } /** @brief Print an index hint @details Prints out the USE|FORCE|IGNORE index hint. @param thd the current thread @param[out] str appends the index hint here @param hint what the hint is (as string : "USE INDEX"| "FORCE INDEX"|"IGNORE INDEX") @param hint_length the length of the string in 'hint' @param indexes a list of index names for the hint */ void Index_hint::print(THD *thd, String *str) { switch (type) { case INDEX_HINT_IGNORE: str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("IGNORE INDEX")); break; case INDEX_HINT_USE: str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("USE INDEX")); break; case INDEX_HINT_FORCE: str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("FORCE INDEX")); break; } str->append (STRING_WITH_LEN(" (")); if (key_name.length) { if (thd && !my_strnncoll(system_charset_info, (const uchar *)key_name.str, key_name.length, (const uchar *)primary_key_name, strlen(primary_key_name))) str->append(primary_key_name); else append_identifier(thd, str, key_name.str, key_name.length); } str->append(')'); } /** Print table as it should be in join list. @param str string where table should be printed */ void TABLE_LIST::print(THD *thd, table_map eliminated_tables, String *str, enum_query_type query_type) { if (nested_join) { str->append('('); print_join(thd, eliminated_tables, str, &nested_join->join_list, query_type); str->append(')'); } else if (jtbm_subselect) { if (jtbm_subselect->engine->engine_type() == subselect_engine::SINGLE_SELECT_ENGINE) { /* We get here when conversion into materialization didn't finish (this happens when - The subquery is a degenerate case which produces 0 or 1 record - subquery's optimization didn't finish because of @@max_join_size limits - ... maybe some other cases like this */ str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" (")); jtbm_subselect->engine->print(str, query_type); str->append(')'); } else { str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" (")); subselect_hash_sj_engine *hash_engine; hash_engine= (subselect_hash_sj_engine*)jtbm_subselect->engine; hash_engine->materialize_engine->print(str, query_type); str->append(')'); } } else { const char *cmp_name; // Name to compare with alias if (view_name.str) { // A view if (!(belong_to_view && belong_to_view->compact_view_format)) { append_identifier(thd, str, view_db.str, view_db.length); str->append('.'); } append_identifier(thd, str, view_name.str, view_name.length); cmp_name= view_name.str; } else if (derived) { // A derived table str->append('('); derived->print(str, query_type); str->append(')'); cmp_name= ""; // Force printing of alias } else { // A normal table if (!(belong_to_view && belong_to_view->compact_view_format)) { append_identifier(thd, str, db, db_length); str->append('.'); } if (schema_table) { append_identifier(thd, str, schema_table_name, strlen(schema_table_name)); cmp_name= schema_table_name; } else { append_identifier(thd, str, table_name, table_name_length); cmp_name= table_name; } } if (my_strcasecmp(table_alias_charset, cmp_name, alias)) { char t_alias_buff[MAX_ALIAS_NAME]; const char *t_alias= alias; str->append(' '); if (lower_case_table_names== 1) { if (alias && alias[0]) { strmov(t_alias_buff, alias); my_casedn_str(files_charset_info, t_alias_buff); t_alias= t_alias_buff; } } append_identifier(thd, str, t_alias, strlen(t_alias)); } if (index_hints) { List_iterator it(*index_hints); Index_hint *hint; while ((hint= it++)) { str->append (STRING_WITH_LEN(" ")); hint->print (thd, str); } } } } void st_select_lex::print(THD *thd, String *str, enum_query_type query_type) { DBUG_ASSERT(thd); str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("select ")); if (join && join->cleaned) { /* JOIN already cleaned up so it is dangerous to print items because temporary tables they pointed on could be freed. */ str->append('#'); str->append(select_number); return; } /* First add options */ if (options & SELECT_STRAIGHT_JOIN) str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("straight_join ")); if (options & SELECT_HIGH_PRIORITY) str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("high_priority ")); if (options & SELECT_DISTINCT) str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("distinct ")); if (options & SELECT_SMALL_RESULT) str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("sql_small_result ")); if (options & SELECT_BIG_RESULT) str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("sql_big_result ")); if (options & OPTION_BUFFER_RESULT) str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("sql_buffer_result ")); if (options & OPTION_FOUND_ROWS) str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("sql_calc_found_rows ")); switch (sql_cache) { case SQL_NO_CACHE: str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("sql_no_cache ")); break; case SQL_CACHE: str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("sql_cache ")); break; case SQL_CACHE_UNSPECIFIED: break; default: DBUG_ASSERT(0); } //Item List bool first= 1; List_iterator_fast it(item_list); Item *item; while ((item= it++)) { if (first) first= 0; else str->append(','); if (is_subquery_function() && item->is_autogenerated_name) { /* Do not print auto-generated aliases in subqueries. It has no purpose in a view definition or other contexts where the query is printed. */ item->print(str, query_type); } else item->print_item_w_name(str, query_type); } /* from clause TODO: support USING/FORCE/IGNORE index */ if (table_list.elements) { str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" from ")); /* go through join tree */ print_join(thd, join? join->eliminated_tables: 0, str, &top_join_list, query_type); } else if (where) { /* "SELECT 1 FROM DUAL WHERE 2" should not be printed as "SELECT 1 WHERE 2": the 1st syntax is valid, but the 2nd is not. */ str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" from DUAL ")); } // Where Item *cur_where= where; if (join) cur_where= join->conds; if (cur_where || cond_value != Item::COND_UNDEF) { str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" where ")); if (cur_where) cur_where->print(str, query_type); else str->append(cond_value != Item::COND_FALSE ? "1" : "0"); } // group by & olap if (group_list.elements) { str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" group by ")); print_order(str, group_list.first, query_type); switch (olap) { case CUBE_TYPE: str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" with cube")); break; case ROLLUP_TYPE: str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" with rollup")); break; default: ; //satisfy compiler } } // having Item *cur_having= having; if (join) cur_having= join->having; if (cur_having || having_value != Item::COND_UNDEF) { str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" having ")); if (cur_having) cur_having->print(str, query_type); else str->append(having_value != Item::COND_FALSE ? "1" : "0"); } if (order_list.elements) { str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" order by ")); print_order(str, order_list.first, query_type); } // limit print_limit(thd, str, query_type); // PROCEDURE unsupported here } /** change select_result object of JOIN. @param res new select_result object @retval FALSE OK @retval TRUE error */ bool JOIN::change_result(select_result *res) { DBUG_ENTER("JOIN::change_result"); result= res; if (tmp_join) tmp_join->result= res; if (!procedure && (result->prepare(fields_list, select_lex->master_unit()) || result->prepare2())) { DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); } /** @brief Set allowed types of join caches that can be used for join operations @details The function sets a bitmap of allowed join buffers types in the field allowed_join_cache_types of this JOIN structure: bit 1 is set if tjoin buffers are allowed to be incremental bit 2 is set if the join buffers are allowed to be hashed but 3 is set if the join buffers are allowed to be used for BKA join algorithms. The allowed types are read from system variables. Besides the function sets maximum allowed join cache level that is also read from a system variable. */ void JOIN::set_allowed_join_cache_types() { allowed_join_cache_types= 0; if (optimizer_flag(thd, OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_JOIN_CACHE_INCREMENTAL)) allowed_join_cache_types|= JOIN_CACHE_INCREMENTAL_BIT; if (optimizer_flag(thd, OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_JOIN_CACHE_HASHED)) allowed_join_cache_types|= JOIN_CACHE_HASHED_BIT; if (optimizer_flag(thd, OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_JOIN_CACHE_BKA)) allowed_join_cache_types|= JOIN_CACHE_BKA_BIT; allowed_semijoin_with_cache= optimizer_flag(thd, OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_SEMIJOIN_WITH_CACHE); allowed_outer_join_with_cache= optimizer_flag(thd, OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_OUTER_JOIN_WITH_CACHE); max_allowed_join_cache_level= thd->variables.join_cache_level; } /** Save a query execution plan so that the caller can revert to it if needed, and reset the current query plan so that it can be reoptimized. @param save_to The object into which the current query plan state is saved */ void JOIN::save_query_plan(Join_plan_state *save_to) { if (keyuse.elements) { DYNAMIC_ARRAY tmp_keyuse; /* Swap the current and the backup keyuse internal arrays. */ tmp_keyuse= keyuse; keyuse= save_to->keyuse; /* keyuse is reset to an empty array. */ save_to->keyuse= tmp_keyuse; for (uint i= 0; i < table_count; i++) { save_to->join_tab_keyuse[i]= join_tab[i].keyuse; join_tab[i].keyuse= NULL; save_to->join_tab_checked_keys[i]= join_tab[i].checked_keys; join_tab[i].checked_keys.clear_all(); } } memcpy((uchar*) save_to->best_positions, (uchar*) best_positions, sizeof(POSITION) * (table_count + 1)); memset(best_positions, 0, sizeof(POSITION) * (table_count + 1)); /* Save SJM nests */ List_iterator it(select_lex->sj_nests); TABLE_LIST *tlist; SJ_MATERIALIZATION_INFO **p_info= save_to->sj_mat_info; while ((tlist= it++)) { *(p_info++)= tlist->sj_mat_info; } } /** Reset a query execution plan so that it can be reoptimized in-place. */ void JOIN::reset_query_plan() { for (uint i= 0; i < table_count; i++) { join_tab[i].keyuse= NULL; join_tab[i].checked_keys.clear_all(); } } /** Restore a query execution plan previously saved by the caller. @param The object from which the current query plan state is restored. */ void JOIN::restore_query_plan(Join_plan_state *restore_from) { if (restore_from->keyuse.elements) { DYNAMIC_ARRAY tmp_keyuse; tmp_keyuse= keyuse; keyuse= restore_from->keyuse; restore_from->keyuse= tmp_keyuse; for (uint i= 0; i < table_count; i++) { join_tab[i].keyuse= restore_from->join_tab_keyuse[i]; join_tab[i].checked_keys= restore_from->join_tab_checked_keys[i]; } } memcpy((uchar*) best_positions, (uchar*) restore_from->best_positions, sizeof(POSITION) * (table_count + 1)); /* Restore SJM nests */ List_iterator it(select_lex->sj_nests); TABLE_LIST *tlist; SJ_MATERIALIZATION_INFO **p_info= restore_from->sj_mat_info; while ((tlist= it++)) { tlist->sj_mat_info= *(p_info++); } } /** Reoptimize a query plan taking into account an additional conjunct to the WHERE clause. @param added_where An extra conjunct to the WHERE clause to reoptimize with @param join_tables The set of tables to reoptimize @param save_to If != NULL, save here the state of the current query plan, otherwise reuse the existing query plan structures. @notes Given a query plan that was already optimized taking into account some WHERE clause 'C', reoptimize this plan with a new WHERE clause 'C AND added_where'. The reoptimization works as follows: 1. Call update_ref_and_keys *only* for the new conditions 'added_where' that are about to be injected into the query. 2. Expand if necessary the original KEYUSE array JOIN::keyuse to accommodate the new REF accesses computed for the 'added_where' condition. 3. Add the new KEYUSEs into JOIN::keyuse. 4. Re-sort and re-filter the JOIN::keyuse array with the newly added KEYUSE elements. @retval REOPT_NEW_PLAN there is a new plan. @retval REOPT_OLD_PLAN no new improved plan was produced, use the old one. @retval REOPT_ERROR an irrecovarable error occured during reoptimization. */ JOIN::enum_reopt_result JOIN::reoptimize(Item *added_where, table_map join_tables, Join_plan_state *save_to) { DYNAMIC_ARRAY added_keyuse; SARGABLE_PARAM *sargables= 0; /* Used only as a dummy parameter. */ uint org_keyuse_elements; /* Re-run the REF optimizer to take into account the new conditions. */ if (update_ref_and_keys(thd, &added_keyuse, join_tab, table_count, added_where, ~outer_join, select_lex, &sargables)) { delete_dynamic(&added_keyuse); return REOPT_ERROR; } if (!added_keyuse.elements) { delete_dynamic(&added_keyuse); return REOPT_OLD_PLAN; } if (save_to) save_query_plan(save_to); else reset_query_plan(); if (!keyuse.buffer && my_init_dynamic_array(&keyuse, sizeof(KEYUSE), 20, 64)) { delete_dynamic(&added_keyuse); return REOPT_ERROR; } org_keyuse_elements= save_to ? save_to->keyuse.elements : keyuse.elements; allocate_dynamic(&keyuse, org_keyuse_elements + added_keyuse.elements); /* If needed, add the access methods from the original query plan. */ if (save_to) { DBUG_ASSERT(!keyuse.elements); memcpy(keyuse.buffer, save_to->keyuse.buffer, (size_t) save_to->keyuse.elements * keyuse.size_of_element); keyuse.elements= save_to->keyuse.elements; } /* Add the new access methods to the keyuse array. */ memcpy(keyuse.buffer + keyuse.elements * keyuse.size_of_element, added_keyuse.buffer, (size_t) added_keyuse.elements * added_keyuse.size_of_element); keyuse.elements+= added_keyuse.elements; /* added_keyuse contents is copied, and it is no longer needed. */ delete_dynamic(&added_keyuse); if (sort_and_filter_keyuse(thd, &keyuse, true)) return REOPT_ERROR; optimize_keyuse(this, &keyuse); if (optimize_semijoin_nests(this, join_tables)) return REOPT_ERROR; /* Re-run the join optimizer to compute a new query plan. */ if (choose_plan(this, join_tables)) return REOPT_ERROR; return REOPT_NEW_PLAN; } /** Cache constant expressions in WHERE, HAVING, ON conditions. */ void JOIN::cache_const_exprs() { bool cache_flag= FALSE; bool *analyzer_arg= &cache_flag; /* No need in cache if all tables are constant. */ if (const_tables == table_count) return; if (conds) conds->compile(&Item::cache_const_expr_analyzer, (uchar **)&analyzer_arg, &Item::cache_const_expr_transformer, (uchar *)&cache_flag); cache_flag= FALSE; if (having) having->compile(&Item::cache_const_expr_analyzer, (uchar **)&analyzer_arg, &Item::cache_const_expr_transformer, (uchar *)&cache_flag); for (JOIN_TAB *tab= first_depth_first_tab(this); tab; tab= next_depth_first_tab(this, tab)) { if (*tab->on_expr_ref) { cache_flag= FALSE; (*tab->on_expr_ref)->compile(&Item::cache_const_expr_analyzer, (uchar **)&analyzer_arg, &Item::cache_const_expr_transformer, (uchar *)&cache_flag); } } } /** Find a cheaper access key than a given @a key @param tab NULL or JOIN_TAB of the accessed table @param order Linked list of ORDER BY arguments @param table Table if tab == NULL or tab->table @param usable_keys Key map to find a cheaper key in @param ref_key * 0 <= key < MAX_KEY - key number (hint) to start the search * -1 - no key number provided @param select_limit LIMIT value @param [out] new_key Key number if success, otherwise undefined @param [out] new_key_direction Return -1 (reverse) or +1 if success, otherwise undefined @param [out] new_select_limit Return adjusted LIMIT @param [out] new_used_key_parts NULL by default, otherwise return number of new_key prefix columns if success or undefined if the function fails @param [out] saved_best_key_parts NULL by default, otherwise preserve the value for further use in QUICK_SELECT_DESC @note This function takes into account table->quick_condition_rows statistic (that is calculated by the make_join_statistics function). However, single table procedures such as mysql_update() and mysql_delete() never call make_join_statistics, so they have to update it manually (@see get_index_for_order()). */ static bool test_if_cheaper_ordering(const JOIN_TAB *tab, ORDER *order, TABLE *table, key_map usable_keys, int ref_key, ha_rows select_limit_arg, int *new_key, int *new_key_direction, ha_rows *new_select_limit, uint *new_used_key_parts, uint *saved_best_key_parts) { DBUG_ENTER("test_if_cheaper_ordering"); /* Check whether there is an index compatible with the given order usage of which is cheaper than usage of the ref_key index (ref_key>=0) or a table scan. It may be the case if ORDER/GROUP BY is used with LIMIT. */ ha_rows best_select_limit= HA_POS_ERROR; JOIN *join= tab ? tab->join : NULL; uint nr; key_map keys; uint best_key_parts= 0; int best_key_direction= 0; ha_rows best_records= 0; double read_time; int best_key= -1; bool is_best_covering= FALSE; double fanout= 1; ha_rows table_records= table->file->stats.records; bool group= join && join->group && order == join->group_list; ha_rows ref_key_quick_rows= HA_POS_ERROR; const bool has_limit= (select_limit_arg != HA_POS_ERROR); /* If not used with LIMIT, only use keys if the whole query can be resolved with a key; This is because filesort() is usually faster than retrieving all rows through an index. */ if (select_limit_arg >= table_records) { keys= *table->file->keys_to_use_for_scanning(); keys.merge(table->covering_keys); /* We are adding here also the index specified in FORCE INDEX clause, if any. This is to allow users to use index in ORDER BY. */ if (table->force_index) keys.merge(group ? table->keys_in_use_for_group_by : table->keys_in_use_for_order_by); keys.intersect(usable_keys); } else keys= usable_keys; if (ref_key >= 0 && ref_key != MAX_KEY && table->covering_keys.is_set(ref_key)) ref_key_quick_rows= table->quick_rows[ref_key]; if (join) { uint tablenr= tab - join->join_tab; read_time= join->best_positions[tablenr].read_time; for (uint i= tablenr+1; i < join->table_count; i++) fanout*= join->best_positions[i].records_read; // fanout is always >= 1 } else read_time= table->file->scan_time(); for (nr=0; nr < table->s->keys ; nr++) { int direction; ha_rows select_limit= select_limit_arg; uint used_key_parts= 0; if (keys.is_set(nr) && (direction= test_if_order_by_key(order, table, nr, &used_key_parts))) { /* At this point we are sure that ref_key is a non-ordering key (where "ordering key" is a key that will return rows in the order required by ORDER BY). */ DBUG_ASSERT (ref_key != (int) nr); bool is_covering= (table->covering_keys.is_set(nr) || (table->file->index_flags(nr, 0, 1) & HA_CLUSTERED_INDEX)); /* Don't use an index scan with ORDER BY without limit. For GROUP BY without limit always use index scan if there is a suitable index. Why we hold to this asymmetry hardly can be explained rationally. It's easy to demonstrate that using temporary table + filesort could be cheaper for grouping queries too. */ if (is_covering || select_limit != HA_POS_ERROR || (ref_key < 0 && (group || table->force_index))) { double rec_per_key; double index_scan_time; KEY *keyinfo= table->key_info+nr; if (select_limit == HA_POS_ERROR) select_limit= table_records; if (group) { /* Used_key_parts can be larger than keyinfo->key_parts when using a secondary index clustered with a primary key (e.g. as in Innodb). See Bug #28591 for details. */ uint used_index_parts= keyinfo->key_parts; uint used_pk_parts= 0; if (used_key_parts > used_index_parts) used_pk_parts= used_key_parts-used_index_parts; rec_per_key= used_key_parts ? keyinfo->rec_per_key[used_key_parts-1] : 1; /* Take into account the selectivity of the used pk prefix */ if (used_pk_parts) { KEY *pkinfo=tab->table->key_info+table->s->primary_key; /* If the values of of records per key for the prefixes of the primary key are considered unknown we assume they are equal to 1. */ if (used_key_parts == pkinfo->key_parts || pkinfo->rec_per_key[0] == 0) rec_per_key= 1; if (rec_per_key > 1) { rec_per_key*= pkinfo->rec_per_key[used_pk_parts-1]; rec_per_key/= pkinfo->rec_per_key[0]; /* The value of rec_per_key for the extended key has to be adjusted accordingly if some components of the secondary key are included in the primary key. */ for(uint i= 0; i < used_pk_parts; i++) { if (pkinfo->key_part[i].field->key_start.is_set(nr)) { /* We presume here that for any index rec_per_key[i] != 0 if rec_per_key[0] != 0. */ DBUG_ASSERT(pkinfo->rec_per_key[i]); DBUG_ASSERT(i > 0); rec_per_key*= pkinfo->rec_per_key[i-1]; rec_per_key/= pkinfo->rec_per_key[i]; } } } } set_if_bigger(rec_per_key, 1); /* With a grouping query each group containing on average rec_per_key records produces only one row that will be included into the result set. */ if (select_limit > table_records/rec_per_key) select_limit= table_records; else select_limit= (ha_rows) (select_limit*rec_per_key); } /* group */ /* If tab=tk is not the last joined table tn then to get first L records from the result set we can expect to retrieve only L/fanout(tk,tn) where fanout(tk,tn) says how many rows in the record set on average will match each row tk. Usually our estimates for fanouts are too pessimistic. So the estimate for L/fanout(tk,tn) will be too optimistic and as result we'll choose an index scan when using ref/range access + filesort will be cheaper. */ select_limit= (ha_rows) (select_limit < fanout ? 1 : select_limit/fanout); /* We assume that each of the tested indexes is not correlated with ref_key. Thus, to select first N records we have to scan N/selectivity(ref_key) index entries. selectivity(ref_key) = #scanned_records/#table_records = table->quick_condition_rows/table_records. In any case we can't select more than #table_records. N/(table->quick_condition_rows/table_records) > table_records <=> N > table->quick_condition_rows. */ if (select_limit > table->quick_condition_rows) select_limit= table_records; else select_limit= (ha_rows) (select_limit * (double) table_records / table->quick_condition_rows); rec_per_key= keyinfo->rec_per_key[keyinfo->key_parts-1]; set_if_bigger(rec_per_key, 1); /* Here we take into account the fact that rows are accessed in sequences rec_per_key records in each. Rows in such a sequence are supposed to be ordered by rowid/primary key. When reading the data in a sequence we'll touch not more pages than the table file contains. TODO. Use the formula for a disk sweep sequential access to calculate the cost of accessing data rows for one index entry. */ index_scan_time= select_limit/rec_per_key * min(rec_per_key, table->file->scan_time()); if ((ref_key < 0 && (group || table->force_index || is_covering)) || index_scan_time < read_time) { ha_rows quick_records= table_records; if ((is_best_covering && !is_covering) || (is_covering && ref_key_quick_rows < select_limit)) continue; if (table->quick_keys.is_set(nr)) quick_records= table->quick_rows[nr]; if (best_key < 0 || (select_limit <= min(quick_records,best_records) ? keyinfo->key_parts < best_key_parts : quick_records < best_records) || (!is_best_covering && is_covering)) { best_key= nr; best_key_parts= keyinfo->key_parts; if (saved_best_key_parts) *saved_best_key_parts= used_key_parts; best_records= quick_records; is_best_covering= is_covering; best_key_direction= direction; best_select_limit= select_limit; } } } } } if (best_key < 0 || best_key == ref_key) DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); *new_key= best_key; *new_key_direction= best_key_direction; *new_select_limit= has_limit ? best_select_limit : table_records; if (new_used_key_parts != NULL) *new_used_key_parts= best_key_parts; DBUG_RETURN(TRUE); } /** Find a key to apply single table UPDATE/DELETE by a given ORDER @param order Linked list of ORDER BY arguments @param table Table to find a key @param select Pointer to access/update select->quick (if any) @param limit LIMIT clause parameter @param [out] need_sort TRUE if filesort needed @param [out] reverse TRUE if the key is reversed again given ORDER (undefined if key == MAX_KEY) @return - MAX_KEY if no key found (need_sort == TRUE) - MAX_KEY if quick select result order is OK (need_sort == FALSE) - key number (either index scan or quick select) (need_sort == FALSE) @note Side effects: - may deallocate or deallocate and replace select->quick; - may set table->quick_condition_rows and table->quick_rows[...] to table->file->stats.records. */ uint get_index_for_order(ORDER *order, TABLE *table, SQL_SELECT *select, ha_rows limit, bool *need_sort, bool *reverse) { if (!order) { *need_sort= FALSE; if (select && select->quick) return select->quick->index; // index or MAX_KEY, use quick select as is else return table->file->key_used_on_scan; // MAX_KEY or index for some engines } if (!is_simple_order(order)) // just to cut further expensive checks { *need_sort= TRUE; return MAX_KEY; } if (select && select->quick) { if (select->quick->index == MAX_KEY) { *need_sort= TRUE; return MAX_KEY; } uint used_key_parts; switch (test_if_order_by_key(order, table, select->quick->index, &used_key_parts)) { case 1: // desired order *need_sort= FALSE; return select->quick->index; case 0: // unacceptable order *need_sort= TRUE; return MAX_KEY; case -1: // desired order, but opposite direction { QUICK_SELECT_I *reverse_quick; if ((reverse_quick= select->quick->make_reverse(used_key_parts))) { select->set_quick(reverse_quick); *need_sort= FALSE; return select->quick->index; } else { *need_sort= TRUE; return MAX_KEY; } } } DBUG_ASSERT(0); } else if (limit != HA_POS_ERROR) { // check if some index scan & LIMIT is more efficient than filesort /* Update quick_condition_rows since single table UPDATE/DELETE procedures don't call make_join_statistics() and leave this variable uninitialized. */ table->quick_condition_rows= table->file->stats.records; int key, direction; if (test_if_cheaper_ordering(NULL, order, table, table->keys_in_use_for_order_by, -1, limit, &key, &direction, &limit) && !is_key_used(table, key, table->write_set)) { *need_sort= FALSE; *reverse= (direction < 0); return key; } } *need_sort= TRUE; return MAX_KEY; } /** @} (end of group Query_Optimizer) */