path: root/sql/sql_view.cc

/* Copyright (c) 2004, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
   Copyright (c) 2011, 2016, MariaDB Corporation

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1335  USA
*/

#define MYSQL_LEX 1
#include "mariadb.h"   /* NO_EMBEDDED_ACCESS_CHECKS */
#include "sql_priv.h"
#include "unireg.h"
#include "sql_view.h"
#include "sql_base.h"    // find_table_in_global_list, lock_table_names
#include "sql_parse.h"                          // sql_parse
#include "sql_cache.h"                          // query_cache_*
#include "lock.h"        // MYSQL_OPEN_SKIP_TEMPORARY 
#include "sql_show.h"    // append_identifier
#include "sql_table.h"                         // build_table_filename
#include "sql_db.h"            // mysql_opt_change_db, mysql_change_db
#include "sql_select.h"
#include "parse_file.h"
#include "sp_head.h"
#include "sp.h"
#include "sp_cache.h"
#include "datadict.h"   // dd_frm_is_view()
#include "sql_derived.h"
#include "sql_cte.h"    // check_dependencies_in_with_clauses()
#include "opt_trace.h"
#include "wsrep_mysqld.h"

#define MD5_BUFF_LENGTH 33

const LEX_CSTRING view_type= { STRING_WITH_LEN("VIEW") };

static int mysql_register_view(THD *, TABLE_LIST *, enum_view_create_mode);

/*
  Make a unique name for an anonymous view column
  SYNOPSIS
    target        reference to the item for which a new name has to be made
    item_list     list of items within which we should check uniqueness of
                  the created name
    last_element  the last element of the list above

  NOTE
    Unique names are generated by adding 'My_exp_' to the old name of the
    column. In case the name that was created this way already exists, we
    add a numeric postfix to its end (i.e. "1") and increase the number
    until the name becomes unique. If the generated name is longer than
    NAME_LEN, it is truncated.
*/

static void make_unique_view_field_name(THD *thd, Item *target,
                                        List<Item> &item_list,
                                        Item *last_element)
{
  const char *name= (target->orig_name ?
                     target->orig_name :
                     target->name.str);
  size_t name_len;
  uint attempt;
  char buff[NAME_LEN+1];
  List_iterator_fast<Item> itc(item_list);

  for (attempt= 0;; attempt++)
  {
    Item *check;
    bool ok= TRUE;

    if (attempt)
      name_len= my_snprintf(buff, NAME_LEN, "My_exp_%d_%s", attempt, name);
    else
      name_len= my_snprintf(buff, NAME_LEN, "My_exp_%s", name);

    do
    {
      check= itc++;
      if (check != target &&
          my_strcasecmp(system_charset_info, buff, check->name.str) == 0)
      {
        ok= FALSE;
        break;
      }
    } while (check != last_element);
    if (ok)
      break;
    itc.rewind();
  }

  target->orig_name= target->name.str;
  target->set_name(thd, buff, name_len, system_charset_info);
}


/*
  Check if items with same names are present in list and possibly
  generate unique names for them.

  SYNOPSIS
    item_list             list of Items which should be checked for duplicates
    gen_unique_view_name  flag: generate unique name or return with error when
                          duplicate names are found.

  DESCRIPTION
    This function is used on view creation and preparation of derived tables.
    It checks item_list for items with duplicate names. If it founds two
    items with same name and conversion to unique names isn't allowed, or
    names for both items are set by user - function fails.
    Otherwise it generates unique name for one item with autogenerated name
    using make_unique_view_field_name()

  RETURN VALUE
    FALSE no duplicate names found, or they are converted to unique ones
    TRUE  duplicate names are found and they can't be converted or conversion
          isn't allowed
*/

bool check_duplicate_names(THD *thd, List<Item> &item_list, bool gen_unique_view_name)
{
  Item *item;
  List_iterator_fast<Item> it(item_list);
  List_iterator_fast<Item> itc(item_list);
  DBUG_ENTER("check_duplicate_names");

  while ((item= it++))
  {
    Item *check;
    /* treat underlying fields like set by user names */
    if (item->real_item()->type() == Item::FIELD_ITEM)
      item->common_flags&= ~IS_AUTO_GENERATED_NAME;
    itc.rewind();
    while ((check= itc++) && check != item)
    {
      if (lex_string_cmp(system_charset_info, &item->name, &check->name) == 0)
      {
        if (!gen_unique_view_name)
          goto err;
        if (item->is_autogenerated_name())
          make_unique_view_field_name(thd, item, item_list, item);
        else if (check->is_autogenerated_name())
          make_unique_view_field_name(thd, check, item_list, item);
        else
          goto err;
      }
    }
  }
  DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);

err:
  my_error(ER_DUP_FIELDNAME, MYF(0), item->name.str);
  DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
}


/**
  Check if auto generated column names are conforming and
  possibly generate a conforming name for them if not.

  @param item_list  List of Items which should be checked
*/

void make_valid_column_names(THD *thd, List<Item> &item_list)
{
  Item *item;
  size_t name_len;
  List_iterator_fast<Item> it(item_list);
  char buff[NAME_LEN];
  DBUG_ENTER("make_valid_column_names");

  for (uint column_no= 1; (item= it++); column_no++)
  {
    if (!item->is_autogenerated_name() || !check_column_name(item->name.str))
      continue;
    name_len= my_snprintf(buff, NAME_LEN, "Name_exp_%u", column_no);
    item->orig_name= item->name.str;
    item->set_name(thd, buff, name_len, system_charset_info);
  }

  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}


/*
  Fill defined view parts

  SYNOPSIS
    fill_defined_view_parts()
      thd                current thread.
      view               view to operate on

  DESCRIPTION
    This function will initialize the parts of the view 
    definition that are not specified in ALTER VIEW
    to their values from CREATE VIEW.
    The view must be opened to get its definition.
    We use a copy of the view when opening because we want 
    to preserve the original view instance.

  RETURN VALUE
    TRUE                 can't open table
    FALSE                success
*/
static bool
fill_defined_view_parts (THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *view)
{
  LEX *lex= thd->lex;
  TABLE_LIST decoy;

  decoy= *view;
  decoy.mdl_request.key.mdl_key_init(&view->mdl_request.key);
  if (tdc_open_view(thd, &decoy, OPEN_VIEW_NO_PARSE))
    return TRUE;

  if (!lex->definer)
  {
    view->definer.host= decoy.definer.host;
    view->definer.user= decoy.definer.user;
    lex->definer= &view->definer;
  }
  if (lex->create_view->algorithm == VIEW_ALGORITHM_INHERIT)
    lex->create_view->algorithm= (uint8) decoy.algorithm;
  if (lex->create_view->suid == VIEW_SUID_DEFAULT)
    lex->create_view->suid= decoy.view_suid ?
      VIEW_SUID_DEFINER : VIEW_SUID_INVOKER;

  return FALSE;
}

#ifndef NO_EMBEDDED_ACCESS_CHECKS

/**
  @brief CREATE VIEW privileges pre-check.

  @param thd thread handler
  @param tables tables used in the view
  @param views views to create
  @param mode VIEW_CREATE_NEW, VIEW_ALTER, VIEW_CREATE_OR_REPLACE

  @retval FALSE Operation was a success.
  @retval TRUE An error occurred.
*/

bool create_view_precheck(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *tables, TABLE_LIST *view,
                          enum_view_create_mode mode)
{
  LEX *lex= thd->lex;
  /* first table in list is target VIEW name => cut off it */
  TABLE_LIST *tbl;
  SELECT_LEX *select_lex= lex->first_select_lex();
  SELECT_LEX *sl;
  bool res= TRUE;
  DBUG_ENTER("create_view_precheck");

  /*
    Privilege check for view creation:
    - user has CREATE VIEW privilege on view table
    - user has DROP privilege in case of ALTER VIEW or CREATE OR REPLACE
    VIEW
    - user has some (SELECT/UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE) privileges on columns of
    underlying tables used on top of SELECT list (because it can be
    (theoretically) updated, so it is enough to have UPDATE privilege on
    them, for example)
    - user has SELECT privilege on columns used in expressions of VIEW select
    - for columns of underly tables used on top of SELECT list also will be
    checked that we have not more privileges on correspondent column of view
    table (i.e. user will not get some privileges by view creation)
  */
  if ((check_access(thd, CREATE_VIEW_ACL, view->db.str,
                    &view->grant.privilege,
                    &view->grant.m_internal,
                    0, 0) ||
       check_grant(thd, CREATE_VIEW_ACL, view, FALSE, 1, FALSE)) ||
      (mode != VIEW_CREATE_NEW &&
       (check_access(thd, DROP_ACL, view->db.str,
                     &view->grant.privilege,
                     &view->grant.m_internal,
                     0, 0) ||
        check_grant(thd, DROP_ACL, view, FALSE, 1, FALSE))))
    goto err;

  for (sl= select_lex; sl; sl= sl->next_select())
  {
    for (tbl= sl->get_table_list(); tbl; tbl= tbl->next_local)
    {
      if (!tbl->with && tbl->select_lex)
        tbl->with= tbl->select_lex->find_table_def_in_with_clauses(tbl);
      /*
        Ensure that we have some privileges on this table, more strict check
        will be done on column level after preparation,
      */
      if (check_some_access(thd, VIEW_ANY_ACL, tbl))
      {
        my_error(ER_TABLEACCESS_DENIED_ERROR, MYF(0),
                 "ANY", thd->security_ctx->priv_user,
                 thd->security_ctx->priv_host, tbl->table_name.str);
        goto err;
      }
      /*
        Mark this table as a table which will be checked after the prepare
        phase
      */
      tbl->table_in_first_from_clause= 1;

      /*
        We need to check only SELECT_ACL for all normal fields, fields for
        which we need "any" (SELECT/UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE) privilege will be
        checked later
      */
      tbl->grant.want_privilege= SELECT_ACL;
      /*
        Make sure that all rights are loaded to the TABLE::grant field.

        tbl->table_name will be correct name of table because VIEWs are
        not opened yet.
      */
      fill_effective_table_privileges(thd, &tbl->grant, tbl->db.str, tbl->table_name.str);
    }
  }

  {
    /* check tables of subqueries */
    for (tbl= tables; tbl; tbl= tbl->next_global)
    {
      if (!tbl->table_in_first_from_clause)
      {
        if (check_single_table_access(thd, SELECT_ACL, tbl, FALSE))
        {
          tbl->hide_view_error(thd);
          goto err;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  /*
    Mark fields for special privilege check ("any" privilege)
  */
  for (sl= select_lex; sl; sl= sl->next_select())
  {
    List_iterator_fast<Item> it(sl->item_list);
    Item *item;
    while ((item= it++))
    {
      Item_field *field;
      if ((field= item->field_for_view_update()))
      {
        /*
         any_privileges may be reset later by the Item_field::set_field
         method in case of a system temporary table.
        */
        field->any_privileges= 1;
      }
    }
  }

  res= FALSE;

err:
  DBUG_RETURN(res || thd->is_error());
}

#else

bool create_view_precheck(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *tables, TABLE_LIST *view,
                          enum_view_create_mode mode)
{
  return FALSE;
}

#endif


/**
  @brief Creating/altering VIEW procedure

  @param thd thread handler
  @param views views to create
  @param mode VIEW_CREATE_NEW, VIEW_ALTER, VIEW_CREATE_OR_REPLACE

  @note This function handles both create and alter view commands.

  @retval FALSE Operation was a success.
  @retval TRUE An error occurred.
*/

bool mysql_create_view(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *views,
                       enum_view_create_mode mode)
{
  LEX *lex= thd->lex;
  bool link_to_local;
  /* first table in list is target VIEW name => cut off it */
  TABLE_LIST *view= lex->unlink_first_table(&link_to_local);
  TABLE_LIST *tables= lex->query_tables;
  TABLE_LIST *tbl;
  SELECT_LEX *select_lex= lex->first_select_lex();
  SELECT_LEX *sl;
  SELECT_LEX_UNIT *unit= &lex->unit;
  bool res= FALSE;
  DBUG_ENTER("mysql_create_view");

  /* This is ensured in the parser. */
  DBUG_ASSERT(!lex->proc_list.first && !lex->result &&
              !lex->param_list.elements);

  /*
    We can't allow taking exclusive meta-data locks of unlocked view under
    LOCK TABLES since this might lead to deadlock. Since at the moment we
    can't really lock view with LOCK TABLES we simply prohibit creation/
    alteration of views under LOCK TABLES.
  */

  if (thd->locked_tables_mode)
  {
    my_error(ER_LOCK_OR_ACTIVE_TRANSACTION, MYF(0));
    res= TRUE;
    goto err;
  }

  if ((res= create_view_precheck(thd, tables, view, mode)))
    goto err;

  lex->link_first_table_back(view, link_to_local);
  view->open_type= OT_BASE_ONLY;

  if (check_dependencies_in_with_clauses(lex->with_clauses_list))
  {
    res= TRUE;
    goto err_no_relink;
  }

  WSREP_TO_ISOLATION_BEGIN(WSREP_MYSQL_DB, NULL, NULL);

  /*
    ignore lock specs for CREATE statement
  */
  if (lex->current_select->lock_type != TL_READ_DEFAULT)
  {
    lex->current_select->set_lock_for_tables(TL_READ_DEFAULT, false);
    view->mdl_request.set_type(MDL_EXCLUSIVE);
  }

  if (thd->open_temporary_tables(lex->query_tables) ||
      open_and_lock_tables(thd, lex->query_tables, TRUE, 0))
  {
    res= TRUE;
    goto err_no_relink;
  }

#ifdef WITH_WSREP
  if(!wsrep_should_replicate_ddl_iterate(thd, static_cast<const TABLE_LIST *>(tables)))
  {
    res= TRUE;
    goto err_no_relink;
  }
#endif

  view= lex->unlink_first_table(&link_to_local);

  if (check_db_dir_existence(view->db.str))
  {
    my_error(ER_BAD_DB_ERROR, MYF(0), view->db.str);
    res= TRUE;
    goto err;
  }

  if (mode == VIEW_ALTER && fill_defined_view_parts(thd, view))
  {
    res= TRUE;
    goto err;
  }

  if (lex->limit_rows_examined)
  {
    /*
      LIMIT ROWS EXAMINED is not supported inside views to avoid complicated
      side-effects and semantics of the clause.
    */
    my_error(ER_NOT_SUPPORTED_YET, MYF(0), "LIMIT ROWS EXAMINED inside views");
    res= TRUE;
    goto err;
  }

  sp_cache_invalidate();
  if (sp_process_definer(thd))
    goto err;

  /*
    check that tables are not temporary  and this VIEW do not used in query
    (it is possible with ALTERing VIEW).
    open_and_lock_tables can change the value of tables,
    e.g. it may happen if before the function call tables was equal to 0. 
  */ 
  for (tbl= lex->query_tables; tbl; tbl= tbl->next_global)
  {
    /* is this table view and the same view which we creates now? */
    if (tbl->view &&
        cmp(&tbl->view_db, &view->db) == 0 &&
        cmp(&tbl->view_name, &view->table_name) == 0)
    {
      my_error(ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE, MYF(0), tbl->view_db.str, tbl->view_name.str);
      res= TRUE;
      goto err;
    }

    /*
      tbl->table can be NULL when tbl is a placeholder for a view
      that is indirectly referenced via a stored function from the
      view being created. We don't check these indirectly
      referenced views in CREATE VIEW so they don't have table
      object.
    */
    if (tbl->table)
    {
      /* is this table temporary and is not view? */
      if (tbl->table->s->tmp_table != NO_TMP_TABLE && !tbl->view &&
          !tbl->schema_table)
      {
        my_error(ER_VIEW_SELECT_TMPTABLE, MYF(0), tbl->alias.str);
        res= TRUE;
        goto err;
      }
      /*
        Copy the privileges of the underlying VIEWs which were filled by
        fill_effective_table_privileges
        (they were not copied at derived tables processing)
      */
      tbl->table->grant.privilege= tbl->grant.privilege;
    }
  }

  /* prepare select to resolve all fields */
  lex->context_analysis_only|= CONTEXT_ANALYSIS_ONLY_VIEW;
  if (unit->prepare(unit->derived, 0, 0))
  {
    /*
      some errors from prepare are reported to user, if is not then
      it will be checked after err: label
    */
    res= TRUE;
    goto err;
  }

  /* view list (list of view fields names) */
  if (lex->view_list.elements)
  {
    List_iterator_fast<Item> it(select_lex->item_list);
    List_iterator_fast<LEX_CSTRING> nm(lex->view_list);
    Item *item;
    LEX_CSTRING *name;

    if (lex->view_list.elements != select_lex->item_list.elements)
    {
      my_message(ER_VIEW_WRONG_LIST, ER_THD(thd, ER_VIEW_WRONG_LIST), MYF(0));
      res= TRUE;
      goto err;
    }
    while ((item= it++, name= nm++))
    {
      item->set_name(thd, *name);
      item->common_flags&= ~IS_AUTO_GENERATED_NAME;
    }
  }

  /* Check if the auto generated column names are conforming. */
  for (sl= select_lex; sl; sl= sl->next_select())
    make_valid_column_names(thd, sl->item_list);

  if (check_duplicate_names(thd, select_lex->item_list, 1))
  {
    res= TRUE;
    goto err;
  }

#ifndef NO_EMBEDDED_ACCESS_CHECKS
  /*
    Compare/check grants on view with grants of underlying tables
  */

  fill_effective_table_privileges(thd, &view->grant, view->db.str,
                                  view->table_name.str);

  /*
    Make sure that the current user does not have more column-level privileges
    on the newly created view than he/she does on the underlying
    tables. E.g. it must not be so that the user has UPDATE privileges on a
    view column of he/she doesn't have it on the underlying table's
    corresponding column. In that case, return an error for CREATE VIEW.
   */
  {
    Item *report_item= NULL;
    /* 
       This will hold the intersection of the priviliges on all columns in the
       view.
     */
    privilege_t final_priv(VIEW_ANY_ACL);
    
    for (sl= select_lex; sl; sl= sl->next_select())
    {
      DBUG_ASSERT(view->db.str);       /* Must be set in the parser */
      List_iterator_fast<Item> it(sl->item_list);
      Item *item;
      while ((item= it++))
      {
        Item_field *fld= item->field_for_view_update();
        privilege_t priv(get_column_grant(thd, &view->grant, view->db.str,
                                          view->table_name.str,
                                          item->name.str) &
                    VIEW_ANY_ACL);

        if (!fld)
          continue;
        TABLE_SHARE *s= fld->field->table->s;
        const Lex_ident field_name= fld->field->field_name;
        if (s->tmp_table ||
            (s->versioned &&
             (field_name.streq(s->vers_start_field()->field_name) ||
              field_name.streq(s->vers_end_field()->field_name))))
        {
          continue;
        }

        final_priv&= fld->have_privileges;

        if (~fld->have_privileges & priv)
          report_item= item;
      }
    }
    
    if (!final_priv && report_item)
    {
      my_error(ER_COLUMNACCESS_DENIED_ERROR, MYF(0),
               "create view", thd->security_ctx->priv_user,
               thd->security_ctx->priv_host, report_item->name.str,
               view->table_name.str);
      res= TRUE;
      goto err;
    }
  }
#endif

  res= mysql_register_view(thd, view, mode);

  /*
    View TABLE_SHARE must be removed from the table definition cache in order to
    make ALTER VIEW work properly. Otherwise, we would not be able to detect
    meta-data changes after ALTER VIEW.
  */

  if (!res)
    tdc_remove_table(thd, view->db.str, view->table_name.str);

  if (!res && mysql_bin_log.is_open())
  {
    StringBuffer<128> buff(thd->variables.character_set_client);
    DBUG_ASSERT(buff.charset()->mbminlen == 1);
    const LEX_CSTRING command[3]=
      {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("CREATE ") },
       { STRING_WITH_LEN("ALTER ") },
       { STRING_WITH_LEN("CREATE OR REPLACE ") }};

    buff.append(&command[thd->lex->create_view->mode]);
    view_store_options(thd, views, &buff);
    buff.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("VIEW "));

    /* Appending IF NOT EXISTS if present in the query */
    if (lex->create_info.if_not_exists())
      buff.append(STRING_WITH_LEN("IF NOT EXISTS "));

    /* Test if user supplied a db (ie: we did not use thd->db) */
    if (views->db.str && views->db.str[0] &&
        (thd->db.str == NULL || cmp(&views->db, &thd->db)))
    {
      append_identifier(thd, &buff, &views->db);
      buff.append('.');
    }
    append_identifier(thd, &buff, &views->table_name);
    if (lex->view_list.elements)
    {
      List_iterator_fast<LEX_CSTRING> names(lex->view_list);
      LEX_CSTRING *name;
      int i;
      
      for (i= 0; (name= names++); i++)
      {
        buff.append(i ? ", " : "(");
        append_identifier(thd, &buff, name);
      }
      buff.append(')');
    }
    buff.append(STRING_WITH_LEN(" AS "));
    /* views->source doesn't end with \0 */
    buff.append(views->source.str, views->source.length);

    int errcode= query_error_code(thd, TRUE);
    /*
      Don't log any unsafe warnings for CREATE VIEW as it's safely replicated
      with statement based replication
    */
    thd->reset_unsafe_warnings();
    if (thd->binlog_query(THD::STMT_QUERY_TYPE,
                          buff.ptr(), buff.length(), FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,
                          errcode) > 0)
      res= TRUE;
  }

  if (mode != VIEW_CREATE_NEW)
    query_cache_invalidate3(thd, view, 0);
  if (res)
    goto err;

  my_ok(thd);
  lex->link_first_table_back(view, link_to_local);
  DBUG_RETURN(0);

#ifdef WITH_WSREP
wsrep_error_label:
  res= true;
  goto err_no_relink;
#endif

err:
  lex->link_first_table_back(view, link_to_local);
err_no_relink:
  unit->cleanup();
  DBUG_RETURN(res || thd->is_error());
}


static void make_view_filename(LEX_CSTRING *dir, char *dir_buff,
                               size_t dir_buff_len,
                               LEX_CSTRING *path, char *path_buff,
                               size_t path_buff_len,
                               LEX_CSTRING *file,
                               TABLE_LIST *view)
{
  /* print file name */
  dir->length= build_table_filename(dir_buff, dir_buff_len - 1,
                                   view->db.str, "", "", 0);
  dir->str= dir_buff;

  path->length= build_table_filename(path_buff, path_buff_len - 1,
                                     view->db.str, view->table_name.str, reg_ext, 0);
  path->str= path_buff;

  file->str= path->str + dir->length;
  file->length= path->length - dir->length;
}

/* number of required parameters for making view */
static const int required_view_parameters= 15;

/*
  table of VIEW .frm field descriptors

  Note that one should NOT change the order for this, as it's used by
  parse()
*/
static File_option view_parameters[]=
{{{ STRING_WITH_LEN("query")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, select_stmt),
  FILE_OPTIONS_ESTRING},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("md5")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, md5),
  FILE_OPTIONS_STRING},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("updatable")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, updatable_view),
  FILE_OPTIONS_ULONGLONG},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("algorithm")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, algorithm),
  FILE_OPTIONS_VIEW_ALGO},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("definer_user")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, definer.user),
  FILE_OPTIONS_STRING},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("definer_host")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, definer.host),
  FILE_OPTIONS_STRING},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("suid")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, view_suid),
  FILE_OPTIONS_ULONGLONG},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("with_check_option")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, with_check),
  FILE_OPTIONS_ULONGLONG},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("timestamp")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, timestamp),
  FILE_OPTIONS_TIMESTAMP},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("create-version")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, file_version),
  FILE_OPTIONS_ULONGLONG},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("source")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, source),
  FILE_OPTIONS_ESTRING},
 {{(char*) STRING_WITH_LEN("client_cs_name")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, view_client_cs_name),
  FILE_OPTIONS_STRING},
 {{(char*) STRING_WITH_LEN("connection_cl_name")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, view_connection_cl_name),
  FILE_OPTIONS_STRING},
 {{(char*) STRING_WITH_LEN("view_body_utf8")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, view_body_utf8),
  FILE_OPTIONS_ESTRING},
 {{ STRING_WITH_LEN("mariadb-version")},
  my_offsetof(TABLE_LIST, mariadb_version),
  FILE_OPTIONS_ULONGLONG},
 {{NullS, 0},			0,
  FILE_OPTIONS_STRING}
};

static LEX_CSTRING view_file_type[]= {{STRING_WITH_LEN("VIEW") }};


int mariadb_fix_view(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *view, bool wrong_checksum,
                     bool swap_alg)
{
  char dir_buff[FN_REFLEN + 1], path_buff[FN_REFLEN + 1];
  LEX_CSTRING dir, file, path;
  DBUG_ENTER("mariadb_fix_view");

  if (!wrong_checksum && view->mariadb_version)
    DBUG_RETURN(HA_ADMIN_OK);

  make_view_filename(&dir, dir_buff, sizeof(dir_buff),
                     &path, path_buff, sizeof(path_buff),
                     &file, view);
  /* init timestamp */
  if (!view->timestamp.str)
    view->timestamp.str= view->timestamp_buffer;

  if (swap_alg && view->algorithm != VIEW_ALGORITHM_UNDEFINED)
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(view->algorithm == VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE ||
                view->algorithm == VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE);
    if (view->algorithm == VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE)
      view->algorithm= VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE;
    else
      view->algorithm= VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE;
  }
  else
    swap_alg= 0;
  if (wrong_checksum)
  {
    if (view->md5.length != 32)
    {
       if ((view->md5.str= (char *)thd->alloc(32 + 1)) == NULL)
         DBUG_RETURN(HA_ADMIN_FAILED);
    }
    view->calc_md5(view->md5.str);
    view->md5.length= 32;
  }
  view->mariadb_version= MYSQL_VERSION_ID;

  if (sql_create_definition_file(&dir, &file, view_file_type,
                                (uchar*)view, view_parameters))
  {
    sql_print_error("View '%-.192s'.'%-.192s': algorithm swap error.",
                    view->db.str, view->table_name.str);
    DBUG_RETURN(HA_ADMIN_INTERNAL_ERROR);
  }
  sql_print_information("View %`s.%`s: the version is set to %llu%s%s",
                        view->db.str, view->table_name.str,
                        view->mariadb_version,
                        (wrong_checksum ? ", checksum corrected" : ""),
                        (swap_alg ?
                          ((view->algorithm == VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE) ?
                            ", algorithm restored to be MERGE"
                           : ", algorithm restored to be TEMPTABLE")
                         : ""));


  DBUG_RETURN(HA_ADMIN_OK);
}


/*
  Register VIEW (write .frm & process .frm's history backups)

  SYNOPSIS
    mysql_register_view()
    thd		- thread handler
    view	- view description
    mode	- VIEW_CREATE_NEW, VIEW_ALTER, VIEW_CREATE_OR_REPLACE

  RETURN
     0	OK
    -1	Error
     1	Error and error message given
*/

static int mysql_register_view(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *view,
			       enum_view_create_mode mode)
{
  LEX *lex= thd->lex;

  /*
    View definition query -- a SELECT statement that fully defines view. It
    is generated from the Item-tree built from the original (specified by
    the user) query. The idea is that generated query should eliminates all
    ambiguities and fix view structure at CREATE-time (once for all).
    Item::print() virtual operation is used to generate view definition
    query.

    INFORMATION_SCHEMA query (IS query) -- a SQL statement describing a
    view that is shown in INFORMATION_SCHEMA. Basically, it is 'view
    definition query' with text literals converted to UTF8 and without
    character set introducers.

    For example:
      Let's suppose we have:
        CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
      User specified query:
        CREATE VIEW v1(x, y) AS SELECT * FROM t1;
      Generated query:
        SELECT a AS x, b AS y FROM t1;
      IS query:
        SELECT a AS x, b AS y FROM t1;

    View definition query is stored in the client character set.
  */
  StringBuffer<4096> view_query(thd->charset());
  StringBuffer<4096> is_query(system_charset_info);

  char md5[MD5_BUFF_LENGTH];
  bool can_be_merged;
  char dir_buff[FN_REFLEN + 1], path_buff[FN_REFLEN + 1];
  LEX_CSTRING dir, file, path;
  int error= 0;
  DBUG_ENTER("mysql_register_view");

  /* Generate view definition and IS queries. */
  view_query.length(0);
  is_query.length(0);
  {
    Sql_mode_instant_remove sms(thd, MODE_ANSI_QUOTES);

    lex->unit.print(&view_query, enum_query_type(QT_VIEW_INTERNAL |
                                                 QT_ITEM_ORIGINAL_FUNC_NULLIF));
    lex->unit.print(&is_query, enum_query_type(QT_TO_SYSTEM_CHARSET |
                                               QT_WITHOUT_INTRODUCERS |
                                               QT_ITEM_ORIGINAL_FUNC_NULLIF));
  }
  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("View: %.*s", view_query.length(), view_query.ptr()));

  /* fill structure */
  view->source= thd->lex->create_view->select;

  if (!thd->make_lex_string(&view->select_stmt, view_query.ptr(),
                            view_query.length()))
  {
    my_error(ER_OUT_OF_RESOURCES, MYF(0));
    error= -1;
    goto err;   
  }

  /*
    version 1 - before 10.0.5
    version 2 - empty definer_host means a role
  */
  view->file_version= 2;
  view->mariadb_version= MYSQL_VERSION_ID;
  view->calc_md5(md5);
  if (!(view->md5.str= (char*) thd->memdup(md5, 32)))
  {
    my_error(ER_OUT_OF_RESOURCES, MYF(0));
    error= -1;
    goto err;   
  }
  view->md5.length= 32;
  can_be_merged= lex->can_be_merged();
  if (lex->create_view->algorithm == VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE &&
      !lex->can_be_merged())
  {
    push_warning(thd, Sql_condition::WARN_LEVEL_WARN, ER_WARN_VIEW_MERGE,
                 ER_THD(thd, ER_WARN_VIEW_MERGE));
    lex->create_view->algorithm= DTYPE_ALGORITHM_UNDEFINED;
  }
  view->algorithm= lex->create_view->algorithm;
  view->definer.user= lex->definer->user;
  view->definer.host= lex->definer->host;
  view->view_suid= lex->create_view->suid;
  view->with_check= lex->create_view->check;

  DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("simulate_register_view_failure",
                  {
                    my_error(ER_OUT_OF_RESOURCES, MYF(0));
                    error= -1;
                    goto err;
                  });

  if ((view->updatable_view= (can_be_merged &&
                              view->algorithm != VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE)))
  {
    /* TODO: change here when we will support UNIONs */
    for (TABLE_LIST *tbl= lex->first_select_lex()->table_list.first;
	 tbl;
	 tbl= tbl->next_local)
    {
      if ((tbl->view && !tbl->updatable_view) || tbl->schema_table)
      {
	view->updatable_view= 0;
	break;
      }
      for (TABLE_LIST *up= tbl; up; up= up->embedding)
      {
	if (up->outer_join)
	{
	  view->updatable_view= 0;
	  goto loop_out;
	}
      }
    }
  }
loop_out:
  /* print file name */
  make_view_filename(&dir, dir_buff, sizeof(dir_buff),
                     &path, path_buff, sizeof(path_buff),
                     &file, view);
  /* init timestamp */
  if (!view->timestamp.str)
    view->timestamp.str= view->timestamp_buffer;

  /* check old .frm */
  {
    char path_buff[FN_REFLEN];
    LEX_CSTRING path;
    File_parser *parser;

    path.str= path_buff;
    fn_format(path_buff, file.str, dir.str, "", MY_UNPACK_FILENAME);
    path.length= strlen(path_buff);

    if (ha_table_exists(thd, &view->db, &view->table_name))
    {
      if (lex->create_info.if_not_exists())
      {
        push_warning_printf(thd, Sql_condition::WARN_LEVEL_NOTE,
                            ER_TABLE_EXISTS_ERROR,
                            ER_THD(thd, ER_TABLE_EXISTS_ERROR),
                            view->table_name.str);
        DBUG_RETURN(0);
      }
      else if (mode == VIEW_CREATE_NEW)
      {
	my_error(ER_TABLE_EXISTS_ERROR, MYF(0), view->alias.str);
        error= -1;
        goto err;
      }

      if (!(parser= sql_parse_prepare(&path, thd->mem_root, 0)))
      {
        error= 1;
        goto err;
      }

      if (!parser->ok() || !is_equal(&view_type, parser->type()))
      {
        my_error(ER_WRONG_OBJECT, MYF(0), view->db.str, view->table_name.str,
                 "VIEW");
        error= -1;
        goto err;
      }

      /*
        TODO: read dependence list, too, to process cascade/restrict
        TODO: special cascade/restrict procedure for alter?
      */
    }
    else
   {
      if (mode == VIEW_ALTER)
      {
	my_error(ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE, MYF(0), view->db.str, view->alias.str);
        error= -1;
        goto err;
      }
    }
  }

  /* Initialize view creation context from the environment. */

  view->view_creation_ctx= View_creation_ctx::create(thd);

  /*
    Set LEX_STRING attributes in view-structure for parser to create
    frm-file.
  */

  lex_string_set(&view->view_client_cs_name,
                 view->view_creation_ctx->get_client_cs()->csname);

  lex_string_set(&view->view_connection_cl_name,
                 view->view_creation_ctx->get_connection_cl()->name);

  if (!thd->make_lex_string(&view->view_body_utf8, is_query.ptr(),
                            is_query.length()))
  {
    my_error(ER_OUT_OF_RESOURCES, MYF(0));
    error= -1;
    goto err;   
  }

  /*
    Check that table of main select do not used in subqueries.

    This test can catch only very simple cases of such non-updateable views,
    all other will be detected before updating commands execution.
    (it is more optimisation then real check)

    NOTE: this skip cases of using table via VIEWs, joined VIEWs, VIEWs with
    UNION
  */
  if (view->updatable_view &&
      !lex->first_select_lex()->master_unit()->is_unit_op() &&
      !(lex->first_select_lex()->table_list.first)->next_local &&
      find_table_in_global_list(lex->query_tables->next_global,
				&lex->query_tables->db,
				&lex->query_tables->table_name))
  {
    view->updatable_view= 0;
  }

  if (view->with_check != VIEW_CHECK_NONE &&
      !view->updatable_view)
  {
    my_error(ER_VIEW_NONUPD_CHECK, MYF(0), view->db.str, view->table_name.str);
    error= -1;
    goto err;
  }

  if (sql_create_definition_file(&dir, &file, view_file_type,
				 (uchar*)view, view_parameters))
  {
    error= thd->is_error() ? -1 : 1;
    goto err;
  }
  DBUG_RETURN(0);
err:
  view->select_stmt.str= NULL;
  view->select_stmt.length= 0;
  view->md5.str= NULL;
  view->md5.length= 0;
  DBUG_RETURN(error);
}



/**
  read VIEW .frm and create structures

  @param[in]  thd                 Thread handler
  @param[in]  share               Share object of view
  @param[in]  table               TABLE_LIST structure for filling
  @param[in]  open_view_no_parse  Flag to indicate open view but
                                  do not parse.

  @return false-in case of success, true-in case of error.
*/
bool mysql_make_view(THD *thd, TABLE_SHARE *share, TABLE_LIST *table,
                     bool open_view_no_parse)
{
  SELECT_LEX_NODE *end;
  SELECT_LEX *UNINIT_VAR(view_select);
  LEX *old_lex, *lex;
  Query_arena *arena, backup;
  TABLE_LIST *top_view= table->top_table();
  bool UNINIT_VAR(parse_status);
  bool result, view_is_mergeable;
  TABLE_LIST *UNINIT_VAR(view_main_select_tables);
  DBUG_ENTER("mysql_make_view");
  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("table: %p (%s)", table, table->table_name.str));

  if (table->required_type == TABLE_TYPE_NORMAL)
  {
    my_error(ER_WRONG_OBJECT, MYF(0), share->db.str, share->table_name.str,
             "BASE TABLE");
    DBUG_RETURN(true);
  }

  if (table->view)
  {
    /*
      It's an execution of a PS/SP and the view has already been unfolded
      into a list of used tables. Now we only need to update the information
      about granted privileges in the view tables with the actual data
      stored in MySQL privilege system.  We don't need to restore the
      required privileges (by calling register_want_access) because they has
      not changed since PREPARE or the previous execution: the only case
      when this information is changed is execution of UPDATE on a view, but
      the original want_access is restored in its end.
    */
    if (!table->prelocking_placeholder && table->prepare_security(thd))
    {
      DBUG_RETURN(1);
    }
    DBUG_PRINT("info",
               ("VIEW %s.%s is already processed on previous PS/SP execution",
                table->view_db.str, table->view_name.str));

    /*
      Clear old variables in the TABLE_LIST that could be left from an old view
      This is only needed if there was an error at last usage of view,
      in which case the reinit call wasn't done.
      See MDEV-6668 for details.
    */
    mysql_handle_single_derived(thd->lex, table, DT_REINIT);

    DEBUG_SYNC(thd, "after_cached_view_opened");
    DBUG_RETURN(0);
  }

  if (table->index_hints && table->index_hints->elements)
  {
    my_error(ER_KEY_DOES_NOT_EXISTS, MYF(0),
             table->index_hints->head()->key_name.str, table->table_name.str);
    DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
  }

  /* check loop via view definition */
  for (TABLE_LIST *precedent= table->referencing_view;
       precedent;
       precedent= precedent->referencing_view)
  {
    if (precedent->view_name.length == table->table_name.length &&
        precedent->view_db.length == table->db.length &&
        my_strcasecmp(system_charset_info,
                      precedent->view_name.str, table->table_name.str) == 0 &&
        my_strcasecmp(system_charset_info,
                      precedent->view_db.str, table->db.str) == 0)
    {
      my_error(ER_VIEW_RECURSIVE, MYF(0),
               top_view->view_db.str, top_view->view_name.str);
      DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
    }
  }

  /*
    For now we assume that tables will not be changed during PS life (it
    will be TRUE as far as we make new table cache).
  */
  old_lex= thd->lex;
  arena= thd->activate_stmt_arena_if_needed(&backup);

  /* init timestamp */
  if (!table->timestamp.str)
    table->timestamp.str= table->timestamp_buffer;
  /* prepare default values for old format */
  table->view_suid= TRUE;
  table->definer.user.str= table->definer.host.str= 0;
  table->definer.user.length= table->definer.host.length= 0;

  /*
    TODO: when VIEWs will be stored in cache (not only parser),
    table mem_root should be used here
  */
  DBUG_ASSERT(share->view_def != NULL);
  if ((result= share->view_def->parse((uchar*)table, thd->mem_root,
                                      view_parameters,
                                      required_view_parameters,
                                      &file_parser_dummy_hook)))
    goto end;

  /*
    check old format view .frm
  */
  if (!table->definer.user.str)
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(!table->definer.host.str &&
                !table->definer.user.length &&
                !table->definer.host.length);
    push_warning_printf(thd, Sql_condition::WARN_LEVEL_WARN,
                        ER_VIEW_FRM_NO_USER, ER_THD(thd, ER_VIEW_FRM_NO_USER),
                        table->db.str, table->table_name.str);
    get_default_definer(thd, &table->definer, false);
  }
  
  /*
    since 10.0.5 definer.host can never be "" for a User, but it's
    always "" for a Role. Before 10.0.5 it could be "" for a User,
    but roles didn't exist. file_version helps.
  */
  if (!table->definer.host.str[0] && table->file_version < 2)
    table->definer.host= host_not_specified; // User, not Role

  /*
    Initialize view definition context by character set names loaded from
    the view definition file. Use UTF8 character set if view definition
    file is of old version and does not contain the character set names.
  */
  table->view_creation_ctx= View_creation_ctx::create(thd, table);

  if (open_view_no_parse)
  {
    if (arena)
      thd->restore_active_arena(arena, &backup);
    DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);
  }

  /*
    Save VIEW parameters, which will be wiped out by derived table
    processing
  */
  table->view_db= table->db;
  table->view_name= table->table_name;
  /*
    We don't invalidate a prepared statement when a view changes,
    or when someone creates a temporary table.
    Instead, the view is inlined into the body of the statement
    upon the first execution. Below, make sure that on
    re-execution of a prepared statement we don't prefer
    a temporary table to the view, if the view name was shadowed
    with a temporary table with the same name.
    This assignment ensures that on re-execution open_table() will
    not try to call find_temporary_table() for this TABLE_LIST,
    but will invoke open_table_from_share(), which will
    eventually call this function.
  */
  table->open_type= OT_BASE_ONLY;

  /*
    Clear old variables in the TABLE_LIST that could be left from an old view
  */
  table->merged_for_insert= FALSE;

  /*TODO: md5 test here and warning if it is differ */


  /*
    TODO: TABLE mem root should be used here when VIEW will be stored in
    TABLE cache

    now Lex placed in statement memory
  */

  table->view= lex= thd->lex= (LEX*) new(thd->mem_root) st_lex_local;
  if (!table->view)
  {
    result= true;
    goto end;
  }

  {
    char old_db_buf[SAFE_NAME_LEN+1];
    LEX_CSTRING old_db= { old_db_buf, sizeof(old_db_buf) };
    bool dbchanged;
    Parser_state parser_state;
    if (parser_state.init(thd, table->select_stmt.str,
                          (uint)table->select_stmt.length))
        goto err;

    /* 
      Use view db name as thread default database, in order to ensure
      that the view is parsed and prepared correctly.
    */
    if ((result= mysql_opt_change_db(thd, &table->view_db,
                                     (LEX_STRING*) &old_db, 1,
                                     &dbchanged)))
      goto end;

    lex_start(thd);
    lex->stmt_lex= old_lex;

    sql_mode_t saved_mode= thd->variables.sql_mode;
    /* switch off modes which can prevent normal parsing of VIEW
      - MODE_REAL_AS_FLOAT            affect only CREATE TABLE parsing
      + MODE_PIPES_AS_CONCAT          affect expression parsing
      + MODE_ANSI_QUOTES              affect expression parsing
      + MODE_IGNORE_SPACE             affect expression parsing
      - MODE_IGNORE_BAD_TABLE_OPTIONS affect only CREATE/ALTER TABLE parsing
      * MODE_ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY       affect execution
      * MODE_NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION  affect execution
      - MODE_NO_DIR_IN_CREATE         affect table creation only
      - MODE_POSTGRESQL               compounded from other modes
      - MODE_ORACLE                   affects Item creation (e.g for CONCAT)
      - MODE_MSSQL                    compounded from other modes
      - MODE_DB2                      compounded from other modes
      - MODE_MAXDB                    affect only CREATE TABLE parsing
      - MODE_NO_KEY_OPTIONS           affect only SHOW
      - MODE_NO_TABLE_OPTIONS         affect only SHOW
      - MODE_NO_FIELD_OPTIONS         affect only SHOW
      - MODE_MYSQL323                 affect only SHOW
      - MODE_MYSQL40                  affect only SHOW
      - MODE_ANSI                     compounded from other modes
                                      (+ transaction mode)
      ? MODE_NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO    affect UPDATEs
      + MODE_NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES     affect expression parsing
    */
    thd->variables.sql_mode&= ~(MODE_PIPES_AS_CONCAT | MODE_ANSI_QUOTES |
                                MODE_IGNORE_SPACE | MODE_NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES |
                                MODE_ORACLE);

    /* Parse the query. */

    parse_status= parse_sql(thd, & parser_state, table->view_creation_ctx);

    view_select= lex->first_select_lex();

    /* Restore environment. */

    if ((old_lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_SHOW_FIELDS) ||
        (old_lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_SHOW_CREATE))
        lex->sql_command= old_lex->sql_command;

    thd->variables.sql_mode= saved_mode;

    if (dbchanged && mysql_change_db(thd, &old_db, TRUE))
      goto err;
  }
  if (!parse_status)
  {
    TABLE_LIST *view_tables= lex->query_tables;
    TABLE_LIST *view_tables_tail= 0;
    TABLE_LIST *tbl;
    Security_context *security_ctx= 0;

    if (check_dependencies_in_with_clauses(thd->lex->with_clauses_list))
      goto err;

    /*
      Check rights to run commands which show underlying tables.
      In the optimizer trace we would not like to show trace for
      cases when the current user does not have rights for the
      underlying tables.
    */
    if (!table->prelocking_placeholder)
      opt_trace_disable_if_no_view_access(thd, table, view_tables);

    /*
      Check rights to run commands (ANALYZE SELECT, EXPLAIN SELECT &
      SHOW CREATE) which show underlying tables.
      Skip this step if we are opening view for prelocking only.
    */
    if (!table->prelocking_placeholder && (old_lex->describe ||
                                           old_lex->analyze_stmt))
    {
      /*
        The user we run EXPLAIN as (either the connected user who issued
        the EXPLAIN statement, or the definer of a SUID stored routine
        which contains the EXPLAIN) should have both SHOW_VIEW_ACL and
        SELECT_ACL on the view being opened as well as on all underlying
        views since EXPLAIN will disclose their structure. This user also
        should have SELECT_ACL on all underlying tables of the view since
        this EXPLAIN will disclose information about the number of rows in it.

        To perform this privilege check we create auxiliary TABLE_LIST object
        for the view in order a) to avoid trashing "table->grant" member for
        original table list element, which contents can be important at later
        stage for column-level privilege checking b) get TABLE_LIST object
        with "security_ctx" member set to 0, i.e. forcing check_table_access()
        to use active user's security context.

        There is no need for creating similar copies of TABLE_LIST elements
        for underlying tables since they just have been constructed and thus
        have TABLE_LIST::security_ctx == 0 and fresh TABLE_LIST::grant member.

        Finally at this point making sure we have SHOW_VIEW_ACL on the views
        will suffice as we implicitly require SELECT_ACL anyway.
      */
        
      TABLE_LIST view_no_suid;
      bzero(static_cast<void *>(&view_no_suid), sizeof(TABLE_LIST));
      view_no_suid.db= table->db;
      view_no_suid.table_name= table->table_name;

      DBUG_ASSERT(view_tables == NULL || view_tables->security_ctx == NULL);

      if (check_table_access(thd, SELECT_ACL, view_tables,
                             FALSE, UINT_MAX, TRUE) ||
          check_table_access(thd, SHOW_VIEW_ACL, &view_no_suid,
                             FALSE, UINT_MAX, TRUE))
      {
        my_message(ER_VIEW_NO_EXPLAIN, ER_THD(thd, ER_VIEW_NO_EXPLAIN),
                   MYF(0));
        goto err;
      }
    }
    else if (!table->prelocking_placeholder &&
             (old_lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_SHOW_CREATE) &&
             !table->belong_to_view)
    {
      if (check_table_access(thd, SHOW_VIEW_ACL, table, FALSE, UINT_MAX, FALSE))
        goto err;
    }

    if (!(table->view_tables=
          (List<TABLE_LIST>*) new(thd->mem_root) List<TABLE_LIST>))
      goto err;
    /*
      mark to avoid temporary table using and put view reference and find
      last view table
    */
    for (tbl= view_tables;
         tbl;
         tbl= (view_tables_tail= tbl)->next_global)
    {
      tbl->open_type= OT_BASE_ONLY;
      tbl->belong_to_view= top_view;
      tbl->referencing_view= table;
      tbl->prelocking_placeholder= table->prelocking_placeholder;
      /*
        First we fill want_privilege with SELECT_ACL (this is needed for the
        tables which belongs to view subqueries and temporary table views,
        then for the merged view underlying tables we will set wanted
        privileges of top_view
      */
      tbl->grant.want_privilege= SELECT_ACL;

      /*
        After unfolding the view we lose the list of tables referenced in it
        (we will have only a list of underlying tables in case of MERGE
        algorithm, which does not include the tables referenced from
        subqueries used in view definition).
        Let's build a list of all tables referenced in the view.
      */
      table->view_tables->push_back(tbl);
    }

    /*
      Put tables of VIEW after VIEW TABLE_LIST

      NOTE: It is important for UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE checks to have this
      tables just after VIEW instead of tail of list, to be able check that
      table is unique. Also we store old next table for the same purpose.
    */
    if (view_tables)
    {
      if (table->next_global)
      {
        view_tables_tail->next_global= table->next_global;
        table->next_global->prev_global= &view_tables_tail->next_global;
      }
      else
      {
        old_lex->query_tables_last= &view_tables_tail->next_global;
      }
      view_tables->prev_global= &table->next_global;
      table->next_global= view_tables;
    }

    /*
      If the view's body needs row-based binlogging (e.g. the VIEW is created
      from SELECT UUID()), the top statement also needs it.
    */
    old_lex->set_stmt_unsafe_flags(lex->get_stmt_unsafe_flags());

    view_is_mergeable= (table->algorithm != VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE &&
                        lex->can_be_merged());

    if (view_is_mergeable)
    {
      /*
        Currently 'view_main_select_tables' differs from 'view_tables'
        only then view has CONVERT_TZ() function in its select list.
        This may change in future, for example if we enable merging of
        views with subqueries in select list.
      */
      view_main_select_tables= lex->first_select_lex()->table_list.first;
      /*
        Mergeable view can be used for inserting, so we move the flag down
      */
      if (table->for_insert_data)
      {
        for (TABLE_LIST *t= view_main_select_tables;
             t;
             t= t->next_local)
        {
          t->for_insert_data= TRUE;
        }
      }

      /*
        Let us set proper lock type for tables of the view's main
        select since we may want to perform update or insert on
        view. This won't work for view containing union. But this is
        ok since we don't allow insert and update on such views
        anyway.
      */
      for (tbl= view_main_select_tables; tbl; tbl= tbl->next_local)
      {
        /* We have to keep the lock type for sequence tables */
        if (!tbl->sequence)
	  tbl->lock_type= table->lock_type;
        tbl->mdl_request.set_type(table->mdl_request.type);
        tbl->updating= table->updating;
      }
      /*
        If the view is mergeable, we might want to
        INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE into tables of this view. Preserve the
        original sql command and 'duplicates' of the outer lex.
        This is used later in set_trg_event_type_for_command.
      */
      lex->sql_command= old_lex->sql_command;
      lex->duplicates= old_lex->duplicates;

      /* Fields in this view can be used in upper select in case of merge.  */
      if (table->select_lex)
        table->select_lex->add_where_field(lex->first_select_lex());
    }
    /*
      This method has a dependency on the proper lock type being set,
      so in case of views should be called here.
    */
    lex->set_trg_event_type_for_tables();

    /*
      If we are opening this view as part of implicit LOCK TABLES, then
      this view serves as simple placeholder and we should not continue
      further processing.
    */
    if (table->prelocking_placeholder)
      goto ok2;

    old_lex->derived_tables|= (DERIVED_VIEW | lex->derived_tables);

    /* move SQL_NO_CACHE & Co to whole query */
    old_lex->safe_to_cache_query= (old_lex->safe_to_cache_query &&
				   lex->safe_to_cache_query);
    /* move SQL_CACHE to whole query */
    if (lex->first_select_lex()->options & OPTION_TO_QUERY_CACHE)
      old_lex->first_select_lex()->options|= OPTION_TO_QUERY_CACHE;

#ifndef NO_EMBEDDED_ACCESS_CHECKS
    if (table->view_suid)
    {
      /*
        For suid views prepare a security context for checking underlying
        objects of the view.
      */
      if (!(table->view_sctx= (Security_context *)
            thd->stmt_arena->calloc(sizeof(Security_context))))
        goto err;
      security_ctx= table->view_sctx;
    }
    else
    {
      /*
        For non-suid views inherit security context from view's table list.
        This allows properly handle situation when non-suid view is used
        from within suid view.
      */
      security_ctx= table->security_ctx;
    }
#endif

    /* Assign the context to the tables referenced in the view */
    if (view_tables)
    {
      DBUG_ASSERT(view_tables_tail);
      for (tbl= view_tables; tbl != view_tables_tail->next_global;
           tbl= tbl->next_global)
        tbl->security_ctx= security_ctx;
    }

    /* assign security context to SELECT name resolution contexts of view */
    for(SELECT_LEX *sl= lex->all_selects_list;
        sl;
        sl= sl->next_select_in_list())
      sl->context.security_ctx= security_ctx;

    /*
      Setup an error processor to hide error messages issued by stored
      routines referenced in the view
    */
    for (SELECT_LEX *sl= lex->all_selects_list;
         sl;
         sl= sl->next_select_in_list())
    {
      sl->context.error_processor= &view_error_processor;
      sl->context.error_processor_data= (void *)table;
    }

    view_select->master_unit()->is_view= true;

    /*
      check MERGE algorithm ability
      - algorithm is not explicit TEMPORARY TABLE
      - VIEW SELECT allow merging
      - VIEW used in subquery or command support MERGE algorithm
    */
    if (view_is_mergeable &&
        (table->select_lex->master_unit() != &old_lex->unit ||
         old_lex->can_use_merged()) &&
        !old_lex->can_not_use_merged())
    {
      /* lex should contain at least one table */
      DBUG_ASSERT(view_main_select_tables != 0);

      List_iterator_fast<TABLE_LIST> ti(view_select->top_join_list);

      table->derived_type= VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE;
      DBUG_PRINT("info", ("algorithm: MERGE"));
      table->updatable= (table->updatable_view != 0);
      table->effective_with_check=
        old_lex->get_effective_with_check(table);
      table->merge_underlying_list= view_main_select_tables;

      /* Fill correct wanted privileges. */
      for (tbl= view_main_select_tables; tbl; tbl= tbl->next_local)
        tbl->grant.want_privilege= top_view->grant.orig_want_privilege;

      /* prepare view context */
      lex->first_select_lex()->
        context.resolve_in_table_list_only(view_main_select_tables);
      lex->first_select_lex()->context.outer_context= 0;
      lex->first_select_lex()->select_n_having_items+=
        table->select_lex->select_n_having_items;

      table->where= view_select->where;

      /* 
        We can safely ignore the VIEW's ORDER BY if we merge into union 
        branch, as order is not important there.
      */
      if (!table->select_lex->master_unit()->is_unit_op() &&
          table->select_lex->order_list.elements == 0)
        table->select_lex->order_list.
          push_back(&lex->first_select_lex()->order_list);
      else
      {
        if (old_lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_SELECT &&
            (old_lex->describe & DESCRIBE_EXTENDED) &&
            lex->first_select_lex()->order_list.elements &&
            !table->select_lex->master_unit()->is_unit_op())
        {
          push_warning_printf(thd, Sql_condition::WARN_LEVEL_NOTE,
                              ER_VIEW_ORDERBY_IGNORED,
                              ER_THD(thd, ER_VIEW_ORDERBY_IGNORED),
                              table->db.str, table->table_name.str);
        }
      }
      /*
	This SELECT_LEX will be linked in global SELECT_LEX list
	to make it processed by mysql_handle_derived(),
	but it will not be included to SELECT_LEX tree, because it
	will not be executed
      */ 
      goto ok;
    }

    table->derived_type= VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE;
    DBUG_PRINT("info", ("algorithm: TEMPORARY TABLE"));
    view_select->linkage= DERIVED_TABLE_TYPE;
    table->updatable= 0;
    table->effective_with_check= VIEW_CHECK_NONE;

    table->derived= &lex->unit;
  }
  else
    goto err;

ok:
  /* SELECT tree link */
  lex->unit.include_down(table->select_lex);
  lex->unit.slave= view_select; // fix include_down initialisation
  /* global SELECT list linking */
  /*
    The primary SELECT_LEX is always last (because parsed first) if WITH not
    used, otherwise it is good start point for last element finding
  */
  for (end= view_select; end->link_next; end= end->link_next);
  end->link_next= old_lex->all_selects_list;
  old_lex->all_selects_list->link_prev= &end->link_next;
  old_lex->all_selects_list= lex->all_selects_list;
  lex->all_selects_list->link_prev=
    (st_select_lex_node**)&old_lex->all_selects_list;

ok2:
  DBUG_ASSERT(lex == thd->lex);
  thd->lex= old_lex;                            // Needed for prepare_security
  result= !table->prelocking_placeholder && table->prepare_security(thd);

  lex_end(lex);
end:
  if (arena)
    thd->restore_active_arena(arena, &backup);
  thd->lex= old_lex;
  status_var_increment(thd->status_var.opened_views);
  DBUG_RETURN(result);

err:
  DBUG_ASSERT(thd->lex == table->view);
  lex_end(thd->lex);
  delete table->view;
  table->view= 0;	// now it is not VIEW placeholder
  result= 1;
  goto end;
}


/*
  drop view

  SYNOPSIS
    mysql_drop_view()
    thd		- thread handle
    views	- views to delete
    drop_mode	- cascade/check

  RETURN VALUE
    FALSE OK
    TRUE  Error
*/

bool mysql_drop_view(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *views, enum_drop_mode drop_mode)
{
  char path[FN_REFLEN + 1];
  TABLE_LIST *view;
  String non_existant_views;
  bool delete_error= FALSE, wrong_object_name= FALSE;
  bool some_views_deleted= FALSE;
  bool something_wrong= FALSE;
  uint not_exists_count= 0;
  DBUG_ENTER("mysql_drop_view");

  /*
    We can't allow dropping of unlocked view under LOCK TABLES since this
    might lead to deadlock. But since we can't really lock view with LOCK
    TABLES we have to simply prohibit dropping of views.
  */

  if (unlikely(thd->locked_tables_mode))
  {
    my_error(ER_LOCK_OR_ACTIVE_TRANSACTION, MYF(0));
    DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
  }

  if (unlikely(lock_table_names(thd, views, 0,
                                thd->variables.lock_wait_timeout, 0)))
    DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);

  for (view= views; view; view= view->next_local)
  {
    bool not_exist;
    build_table_filename(path, sizeof(path) - 1,
                         view->db.str, view->table_name.str, reg_ext, 0);

    if ((not_exist= my_access(path, F_OK)) || !dd_frm_is_view(thd, path))
    {
      char name[FN_REFLEN];
      my_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.%s", view->db.str,
                  view->table_name.str);
      if (non_existant_views.length())
        non_existant_views.append(',');
      non_existant_views.append(name);

      if (!not_exist)
      {
        wrong_object_name= 1;
        my_error(ER_WRONG_OBJECT, MYF(ME_WARNING), view->db.str,
                 view->table_name.str, "VIEW");
      }
      else
        not_exists_count++;
      continue;
    }
    if (unlikely(mysql_file_delete(key_file_frm, path, MYF(MY_WME))))
      delete_error= TRUE;

    some_views_deleted= TRUE;

    /*
      For a view, there is a TABLE_SHARE object.
      Remove it from the table definition cache, in case the view was cached.
    */
    tdc_remove_table(thd, view->db.str, view->table_name.str);
    query_cache_invalidate3(thd, view, 0);
    sp_cache_invalidate();
  }

  something_wrong= (delete_error ||
                    (!thd->lex->if_exists() && (not_exists_count ||
                                                wrong_object_name)));

  if (unlikely(non_existant_views.length()))
  {
    my_error(ER_UNKNOWN_VIEW, MYF(something_wrong ? 0 : ME_NOTE),
             non_existant_views.c_ptr_safe());
  }

  if (some_views_deleted || !something_wrong)
  {
    /* if something goes wrong, bin-log with possible error code,
       otherwise bin-log with error code cleared.
     */
    if (unlikely(write_bin_log(thd, !something_wrong, thd->query(),
                               thd->query_length())))
      something_wrong= 1;
  }

  if (unlikely(something_wrong))
  {
    DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
  }
  my_ok(thd);
  DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);
}


/*
  check of key (primary or unique) presence in updatable view

  SYNOPSIS
    check_key_in_view()
    thd     thread handle
    view    view for check with opened table

  DESCRIPTION
    If it is VIEW and query have LIMIT clause then check that underlying
    table of view contain one of following:
      1) primary key of underlying table
      2) unique key underlying table with fields for which NULL value is
         impossible
      3) all fields of underlying table

  RETURN
    FALSE   OK
    TRUE    view do not contain key or all fields
*/

bool check_key_in_view(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *view)
{
  TABLE *table;
  Field_translator *trans, *end_of_trans;
  KEY *key_info, *key_info_end;
  DBUG_ENTER("check_key_in_view");

  /*
    we do not support updatable UNIONs in VIEW, so we can check just limit of
    LEX::select_lex
  */
  if ((!view->view && !view->belong_to_view) ||
      thd->lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_INSERT ||
      thd->lex->first_select_lex()->select_limit == 0)
    DBUG_RETURN(FALSE); /* it is normal table or query without LIMIT */
  table= view->table;
  view= view->top_table();
  trans= view->field_translation;
  key_info_end= (key_info= table->key_info)+ table->s->keys;

  end_of_trans=  view->field_translation_end;
  DBUG_ASSERT(table != 0 && view->field_translation != 0);

  {
    /*
      We should be sure that all fields are ready to get keys from them, but
      this operation should not have influence on Field::query_id, to avoid
      marking as used fields which are not used
    */
    enum_column_usage saved_column_usage= thd->column_usage;
    thd->column_usage= COLUMNS_WRITE;
    DBUG_PRINT("info", ("thd->column_usage: %d", thd->column_usage));
    for (Field_translator *fld= trans; fld < end_of_trans; fld++)
    {
      if (fld->item->fix_fields_if_needed(thd, &fld->item))
      {
        thd->column_usage= saved_column_usage;
        DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
      }
    }
    thd->column_usage= saved_column_usage;
    DBUG_PRINT("info", ("thd->column_usage: %d", thd->column_usage));
  }
  /* Loop over all keys to see if a unique-not-null key is used */
  for (;key_info != key_info_end ; key_info++)
  {
    if ((key_info->flags & (HA_NOSAME | HA_NULL_PART_KEY)) == HA_NOSAME)
    {
      KEY_PART_INFO *key_part= key_info->key_part;
      KEY_PART_INFO *key_part_end= key_part + key_info->user_defined_key_parts;

      /* check that all key parts are used */
      for (;;)
      {
        Field_translator *k;
        for (k= trans; k < end_of_trans; k++)
        {
          Item_field *field;
          if ((field= k->item->field_for_view_update()) &&
              field->field == key_part->field)
            break;
        }
        if (k == end_of_trans)
          break;                                // Key is not possible
        if (++key_part == key_part_end)
          DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);                   // Found usable key
      }
    }
  }

  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("checking if all fields of table are used"));
  /* check all fields presence */
  {
    Field **field_ptr;
    Field_translator *fld;
    for (field_ptr= table->field; *field_ptr; field_ptr++)
    {
      for (fld= trans; fld < end_of_trans; fld++)
      {
        Item_field *field;
        if ((field= fld->item->field_for_view_update()) &&
            field->field == *field_ptr)
          break;
      }
      if (fld == end_of_trans)                // If field didn't exists
      {
        /*
          Keys or all fields of underlying tables are not found => we have
          to check variable updatable_views_with_limit to decide should we
          issue an error or just a warning
        */
        if (thd->variables.updatable_views_with_limit)
        {
          /* update allowed, but issue warning */
          push_warning(thd, Sql_condition::WARN_LEVEL_NOTE,
                       ER_WARN_VIEW_WITHOUT_KEY,
                       ER_THD(thd, ER_WARN_VIEW_WITHOUT_KEY));
          DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);
        }
        /* prohibit update */
        DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
      }
    }
  }
  DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);
}


/*
  insert fields from VIEW (MERGE algorithm) into given list

  SYNOPSIS
    insert_view_fields()
    thd       thread handler
    list      list for insertion
    view      view for processing

  RETURN
    FALSE OK
    TRUE  error (is not sent to client)
*/

bool insert_view_fields(THD *thd, List<Item> *list, TABLE_LIST *view)
{
  Field_translator *trans_end;
  Field_translator *trans;
  DBUG_ENTER("insert_view_fields");

  if (!(trans= view->field_translation))
    DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);
  trans_end= view->field_translation_end;

  for (Field_translator *entry= trans; entry < trans_end; entry++)
  {
    Item_field *fld;
    if ((fld= entry->item->field_for_view_update()))
    {
      TABLE_SHARE *s= fld->context->table_list->table->s;
      Lex_ident field_name= fld->field_name;
      if (s->versioned &&
          (field_name.streq(s->vers_start_field()->field_name) ||
           field_name.streq(s->vers_end_field()->field_name)))
        continue;
      list->push_back(fld, thd->mem_root);
    }
    else
    {
      my_error(ER_NON_INSERTABLE_TABLE, MYF(0), view->alias.str, "INSERT");
      DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
    }
  }
  DBUG_RETURN(FALSE);
}

/*
  checking view md5 check sum

  SINOPSYS
    view_checksum()
    thd     threar handler
    view    view for check

  RETUIRN
    HA_ADMIN_OK               OK
    HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED  it is not VIEW
    HA_ADMIN_WRONG_CHECKSUM   check sum is wrong
*/

int view_checksum(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *view)
{
  char md5[MD5_BUFF_LENGTH];
  if (!view->view || view->md5.length != 32)
    return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
  view->calc_md5(md5);
  return (strncmp(md5, view->md5.str, 32) ?
          HA_ADMIN_WRONG_CHECKSUM :
          HA_ADMIN_OK);
}

/**
  Check view

  @param thd             thread handle
  @param view            view for check
  @param check_opt       check options

  @retval HA_ADMIN_OK               OK
  @retval HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED  it is not VIEW
  @retval HA_ADMIN_WRONG_CHECKSUM   check sum is wrong
*/
int view_check(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *view, HA_CHECK_OPT *check_opt)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("view_check");

  int res= view_checksum(thd, view);
  if (res != HA_ADMIN_OK)
    DBUG_RETURN(res);

  if (((check_opt->sql_flags & TT_FOR_UPGRADE) && !view->mariadb_version))
    DBUG_RETURN(HA_ADMIN_NEEDS_UPGRADE);

  DBUG_RETURN(HA_ADMIN_OK);
}


/**
  Repair view

  @param thd             thread handle
  @param view            view for check
  @param check_opt       check options

  @retval HA_ADMIN_OK               OK
  @retval HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED  it is not VIEW
  @retval HA_ADMIN_WRONG_CHECKSUM   check sum is wrong
*/

int view_repair(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *view, HA_CHECK_OPT *check_opt)
{
  DBUG_ENTER("view_repair");
  bool swap_alg= (check_opt->sql_flags & TT_FROM_MYSQL);
  bool wrong_checksum= view_checksum(thd, view) != HA_ADMIN_OK;
  int ret;
  if (wrong_checksum || swap_alg || (!view->mariadb_version))
  {
    ret= mariadb_fix_view(thd, view, wrong_checksum, swap_alg);
    DBUG_RETURN(ret);
  }
  DBUG_RETURN(HA_ADMIN_OK);
}

/*
  rename view

  Synopsis:
    renames a view

  Parameters:
    thd        thread handler
    new_db     new name of database
    new_name   new name of view
    view       view

  Return values:
    FALSE      Ok 
    TRUE       Error
*/
bool
mysql_rename_view(THD *thd,
                  const LEX_CSTRING *new_db,
                  const LEX_CSTRING *new_name,
                  TABLE_LIST *view)
{
  LEX_CSTRING pathstr;
  File_parser *parser;
  char path_buff[FN_REFLEN + 1];
  bool error= TRUE;
  DBUG_ENTER("mysql_rename_view");

  pathstr.str= (char *) path_buff;
  pathstr.length= build_table_filename(path_buff, sizeof(path_buff) - 1,
                                       view->db.str, view->table_name.str,
                                       reg_ext, 0);

  if ((parser= sql_parse_prepare(&pathstr, thd->mem_root, 1)) && 
       is_equal(&view_type, parser->type()))
  {
    TABLE_LIST view_def;
    char dir_buff[FN_REFLEN + 1];
    LEX_CSTRING dir, file;

    /*
      To be PS-friendly we should either to restore state of
      TABLE_LIST object pointed by 'view' after using it for
      view definition parsing or use temporary 'view_def'
      object for it.
    */
    view_def.reset();
    view_def.timestamp.str= view_def.timestamp_buffer;
    view_def.view_suid= TRUE;

    /* get view definition and source */
    if (parser->parse((uchar*)&view_def, thd->mem_root, view_parameters,
                      array_elements(view_parameters)-1,
                      &file_parser_dummy_hook))
      goto err;

    /* rename view and it's backups */
    if (rename_in_schema_file(thd, view->db.str, view->table_name.str,
                              new_db->str, new_name->str))
      goto err;

    dir.str= dir_buff;
    dir.length= build_table_filename(dir_buff, sizeof(dir_buff) - 1,
                                     new_db->str, "", "", 0);

    pathstr.str= path_buff;
    pathstr.length= build_table_filename(path_buff, sizeof(path_buff) - 1,
                                         new_db->str, new_name->str, reg_ext, 0);

    file.str= pathstr.str + dir.length;
    file.length= pathstr.length - dir.length;

    if (sql_create_definition_file(&dir, &file, view_file_type,
                                   (uchar*)&view_def, view_parameters))
    {
      /* restore renamed view in case of error */
      rename_in_schema_file(thd, new_db->str, new_name->str, view->db.str,
                            view->table_name.str);
      goto err;
    }
  } else
    DBUG_RETURN(1);  

  /* remove cache entries */
  query_cache_invalidate3(thd, view, 0);
  sp_cache_invalidate();
  error= FALSE;

err:
  DBUG_RETURN(error);
}