SERVER-48920 Use document deltas to determine whether update affects indexes

15 files changed, 868 insertions, 344 deletions

diff --git a/jstests/replsets/v2_delta_oplog_entries.js b/jstests/replsets/v2_delta_oplog_entries.js
index 3ce0c4db39b..bc26fd4e1cb 100644
--- a/jstests/replsets/v2_delta_oplog_entries.js
+++ b/jstests/replsets/v2_delta_oplog_entries.js
@@ -25,17 +25,13 @@ const secondary = rst.getSecondary();
 const secondaryColl = secondary.getDB("test").coll;
 
 // Used for padding documents, in order to make full replacements expensive.
-function makeGiantStr() {
-    let s = "";
-    for (let i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
-        s += "_";
-    }
-    return s;
-}
-
-const kGiantStr = makeGiantStr();
+const kGiantStr = "_".repeat(100);
 const kMediumLengthStr = "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz";
 
+// Create indexes on all the fields used through out the tests, so we can verify that the index
+// data is correctly updated on all the nodes.
+primaryColl.createIndex({padding: 1, 'x.1': 1, 'a.1': -1, 'subObj.a': 1});
+
 let idGenGlob = 0;
 function generateId() {
     return idGenGlob++;
@@ -110,9 +106,9 @@ let id;
 // Removing fields.
 id = generateId();
 testUpdateReplicates({
-    preImage: {_id: id, x: 3, y: 3, giantStr: kGiantStr},
+    preImage: {_id: id, x: 3, y: 3, padding: kGiantStr},
     pipeline: [{$unset: ["x", "y"]}],
-    postImage: {_id: id, giantStr: kGiantStr},
+    postImage: {_id: id, padding: kGiantStr},
     expectedOplogEntry: kExpectDeltaEntry
 });
 
@@ -166,9 +162,9 @@ testUpdateReplicates({
 // Adding a field to a sub object while removing a top level field.
 id = generateId();
 testUpdateReplicates({
-    preImage: {_id: id, subObj: {a: 1, b: 2}, toRemove: "foo", giantStr: kGiantStr},
-    pipeline: [{$project: {subObj: 1, giantStr: 1}}, {$set: {"subObj.c": "foo"}}],
-    postImage: {_id: id, subObj: {a: 1, b: 2, c: "foo"}, giantStr: kGiantStr},
+    preImage: {_id: id, subObj: {a: 1, b: 2}, toRemove: "foo", padding: kGiantStr},
+    pipeline: [{$project: {subObj: 1, padding: 1}}, {$set: {"subObj.c": "foo"}}],
+    postImage: {_id: id, subObj: {a: 1, b: 2, c: "foo"}, padding: kGiantStr},
     expectedOplogEntry: kExpectDeltaEntry
 });
 
@@ -184,9 +180,9 @@ testUpdateReplicates({
 // Inclusion projection dropping a subfield (subObj.toRemove).
 id = generateId();
 testUpdateReplicates({
-    preImage: {_id: id, x: "foo", subObj: {a: 1, toRemove: 2}, giantStr: kGiantStr},
-    pipeline: [{$project: {subObj: {a: 1}, giantStr: 1}}],
-    postImage: {_id: id, subObj: {a: 1}, giantStr: kGiantStr},
+    preImage: {_id: id, x: "foo", subObj: {a: 1, toRemove: 2}, padding: kGiantStr},
+    pipeline: [{$project: {subObj: {a: 1}, padding: 1}}],
+    postImage: {_id: id, subObj: {a: 1}, padding: kGiantStr},
     expectedOplogEntry: kExpectDeltaEntry
 });
 
@@ -203,9 +199,9 @@ testUpdateReplicates({
 // delta oplog entries instead of doing a full replacement.
 id = generateId();
 testUpdateReplicates({
-    preImage: {_id: id, x: "foo", subObj: {a: 1, b: 2}, giantStr: kGiantStr},
-    pipeline: [{$replaceRoot: {newRoot: {x: "bar", subObj: {a: 1, b: 2}, giantStr: kGiantStr}}}],
-    postImage: {_id: id, x: "bar", subObj: {a: 1, b: 2}, giantStr: kGiantStr},
+    preImage: {_id: id, x: "foo", subObj: {a: 1, b: 2}, padding: kGiantStr},
+    pipeline: [{$replaceRoot: {newRoot: {x: "bar", subObj: {a: 1, b: 2}, padding: kGiantStr}}}],
+    postImage: {_id: id, x: "bar", subObj: {a: 1, b: 2}, padding: kGiantStr},
     expectedOplogEntry: kExpectDeltaEntry
 });
 
@@ -234,9 +230,9 @@ testUpdateReplicates({
 // Setting a sub object inside an array.
 id = generateId();
 testUpdateReplicates({
-    preImage: {_id: id, x: kGiantStr, arrField: [{x: 1}, {x: 2}]},
+    preImage: {_id: id, padding: kGiantStr, arrField: [{x: 1}, {x: 2}]},
     pipeline: [{$set: {"arrField.x": 5}}],
-    postImage: {_id: id, x: kGiantStr, arrField: [{x: 5}, {x: 5}]},
+    postImage: {_id: id, padding: kGiantStr, arrField: [{x: 5}, {x: 5}]},
     expectedOplogEntry: kExpectDeltaEntry
 });
 
@@ -261,9 +257,9 @@ testUpdateReplicates({
 // Similar case of reordering fields.
 id = generateId();
 testUpdateReplicates({
-    preImage: {_id: id, p: kGiantStr, a: 1, b: 1, c: 1, d: 1},
-    pipeline: [{$replaceRoot: {newRoot: {_id: id, p: kGiantStr, a: 1, c: 1, b: 1, d: 1}}}],
-    postImage: {_id: id, p: kGiantStr, a: 1, c: 1, b: 1, d: 1},
+    preImage: {_id: id, padding: kGiantStr, a: 1, b: 1, c: 1, d: 1},
+    pipeline: [{$replaceRoot: {newRoot: {_id: id, padding: kGiantStr, a: 1, c: 1, b: 1, d: 1}}}],
+    postImage: {_id: id, padding: kGiantStr, a: 1, c: 1, b: 1, d: 1},
     expectedOplogEntry: kExpectDeltaEntry
 });
 
@@ -338,7 +334,7 @@ function generateDeepObj(depth, maxDepth, value) {
     };
 }
 
-// Verify that diffing the deepest objects allowed by the js client, can produce a delta op-log
+// Verify that diffing the deepest objects allowed by the JS client can produce delta op-log
 // entries.
 id = generateId();
 let path = "subObj.".repeat(146) + "subObj";
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/repl/SConscript b/src/mongo/db/repl/SConscript
index f6b8e2054f2..e5efba6af97 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/repl/SConscript
+++ b/src/mongo/db/repl/SConscript
@@ -1407,6 +1407,7 @@ env.CppUnitTest(
         '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/db/stats/counters',
         '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/db/storage/ephemeral_for_test/storage_ephemeral_for_test_core',
         '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/db/transaction',
+        '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/db/update/update_test_helpers',
         '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/dbtests/mocklib',
         '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/executor/network_interface_factory',
         '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/executor/network_interface_mock',
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/SConscript b/src/mongo/db/update/SConscript
index 9a93690dd21..d8de4629741 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/SConscript
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/SConscript
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ env.Library(
 env.Library(
     target='update',
     source=[
+        'delta_executor.cpp',
         'document_diff_applier.cpp',
         'document_diff_calculator.cpp',
         'document_diff_serialization.cpp',
@@ -81,6 +82,15 @@ env.Library(
     ],
 )
 
+env.Library(
+    target='update_test_helpers',
+    source=[
+        'document_diff_test_helpers.cpp',
+    ],
+    LIBDEPS=[
+        'update',
+    ],
+)
 env.CppUnitTest(
     target='db_update_test',
     source=[
@@ -89,6 +99,7 @@ env.CppUnitTest(
         'bit_node_test.cpp',
         'compare_node_test.cpp',
         'current_date_node_test.cpp',
+        'delta_executor_test.cpp',
         'document_diff_calculator_test.cpp',
         'document_diff_serialization_test.cpp',
         'document_diff_applier_test.cpp',
@@ -125,5 +136,6 @@ env.CppUnitTest(
         'update',
         'update_common',
         'update_driver',
+        'update_test_helpers',
     ],
 )
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor.cpp b/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..466e66800f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/**
+ *    Copyright (C) 2020-present MongoDB, Inc.
+ *
+ *    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *    it under the terms of the Server Side Public License, version 1,
+ *    as published by MongoDB, Inc.
+ *
+ *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *    Server Side Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *    You should have received a copy of the Server Side Public License
+ *    along with this program. If not, see
+ *    <http://www.mongodb.com/licensing/server-side-public-license>.
+ *
+ *    As a special exception, the copyright holders give permission to link the
+ *    code of portions of this program with the OpenSSL library under certain
+ *    conditions as described in each individual source file and distribute
+ *    linked combinations including the program with the OpenSSL library. You
+ *    must comply with the Server Side Public License in all respects for
+ *    all of the code used other than as permitted herein. If you modify file(s)
+ *    with this exception, you may extend this exception to your version of the
+ *    file(s), but you are not obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so,
+ *    delete this exception statement from your version. If you delete this
+ *    exception statement from all source files in the program, then also delete
+ *    it in the license file.
+ */
+
+#include "mongo/platform/basic.h"
+
+#include "mongo/db/update/delta_executor.h"
+
+#include "mongo/bson/mutable/document.h"
+#include "mongo/db/update/object_replace_executor.h"
+
+namespace mongo {
+
+DeltaExecutor::ApplyResult DeltaExecutor::applyUpdate(
+    UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams applyParams) const {
+    const auto originalDoc = applyParams.element.getDocument().getObject();
+
+    auto applyDiffOutput = doc_diff::applyDiff(originalDoc, _diff, applyParams.indexData);
+    const auto& postImage = applyDiffOutput.postImage;
+    auto postImageHasId = postImage.hasField("_id");
+
+    auto result = ObjectReplaceExecutor::applyReplacementUpdate(
+        std::move(applyParams), postImage, postImageHasId);
+    result.indexesAffected = applyDiffOutput.indexesAffected;
+    return result;
+}
+}  // namespace mongo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor.h b/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor.h
index 18d97f299e5..f5bc8c162ca 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor.h
@@ -47,14 +47,7 @@ public:
      */
     explicit DeltaExecutor(doc_diff::Diff diff) : _diff(std::move(diff)) {}
 
-    ApplyResult applyUpdate(ApplyParams applyParams) const final {
-        const auto originalDoc = applyParams.element.getDocument().getObject();
-        auto postImage = doc_diff::applyDiff(originalDoc, _diff);
-        auto postImageHasId = postImage.hasField("_id");
-
-        return ObjectReplaceExecutor::applyReplacementUpdate(
-            applyParams, postImage, postImageHasId);
-    }
+    ApplyResult applyUpdate(ApplyParams applyParams) const final;
 
     Value serialize() const final {
         // Delta updates are only applied internally on secondaries. They are never passed between
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor_test.cpp b/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32dd505adca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/delta_executor_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/**
+ *    Copyright (C) 2020-present MongoDB, Inc.
+ *
+ *    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *    it under the terms of the Server Side Public License, version 1,
+ *    as published by MongoDB, Inc.
+ *
+ *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *    Server Side Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *    You should have received a copy of the Server Side Public License
+ *    along with this program. If not, see
+ *    <http://www.mongodb.com/licensing/server-side-public-license>.
+ *
+ *    As a special exception, the copyright holders give permission to link the
+ *    code of portions of this program with the OpenSSL library under certain
+ *    conditions as described in each individual source file and distribute
+ *    linked combinations including the program with the OpenSSL library. You
+ *    must comply with the Server Side Public License in all respects for
+ *    all of the code used other than as permitted herein. If you modify file(s)
+ *    with this exception, you may extend this exception to your version of the
+ *    file(s), but you are not obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so,
+ *    delete this exception statement from your version. If you delete this
+ *    exception statement from all source files in the program, then also delete
+ *    it in the license file.
+ */
+
+#define MONGO_LOGV2_DEFAULT_COMPONENT ::mongo::logv2::LogComponent::kTest
+
+#include "mongo/platform/basic.h"
+
+#include "mongo/bson/json.h"
+#include "mongo/bson/mutable/document.h"
+#include "mongo/db/update/delta_executor.h"
+#include "mongo/logv2/log.h"
+#include "mongo/unittest/unittest.h"
+
+namespace mongo {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(DeltaExecutorTest, Delete) {
+    BSONObj preImage(fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {c: 1}, c: 1}}}"));
+    UpdateIndexData indexData;
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("p.a.b"));
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("f1.a.b"));
+    FieldRefSet fieldRefSet;
+    {
+        // When a path in the diff is a prefix of index path.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        DeltaExecutor test(fromjson("{d: {f1: false, f2: false, f3: false}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(), BSONObj());
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+
+    {
+        // When a path in the diff is same as index path.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        DeltaExecutor test(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {d: {p: false, c: false, b: false}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {}}}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // When the index path is a prefix of a path in the diff.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {sb: {d: {c: false}}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {}, c: 1}}}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // With common parent, but path diverges.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {d: {c: false}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {c: 1}}}}"));
+        ASSERT(!result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(DeltaExecutorTest, Update) {
+    BSONObj preImage(fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {c: 1}, c: 1}}}"));
+    UpdateIndexData indexData;
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("p.a.b"));
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("f1.a.b"));
+    FieldRefSet fieldRefSet;
+    {
+        // When a path in the diff is a prefix of index path.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        DeltaExecutor test(fromjson("{u: {f1: false, f2: false, f3: false}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: false, f2: false, f3: false}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // When a path in the diff is same as index path.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {u: {p: false, c: false, b: false}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: false, c: false, p: false}}}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // When the index path is a prefix of a path in the diff.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {sb: {u: {c: false}}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {c: false}, c: 1}}}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // With common parent, but path diverges.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {u: {c: false}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {c: 1}, c: false}}}"));
+        ASSERT(!result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(DeltaExecutorTest, Insert) {
+    UpdateIndexData indexData;
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("p.a.b"));
+    // 'UpdateIndexData' will canonicalize the path and remove all numeric components. So the '2'
+    // and '33' components should not matter.
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("f1.2.a.33.b"));
+    FieldRefSet fieldRefSet;
+    {
+        // When a path in the diff is a prefix of index path.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(BSONObj());
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        DeltaExecutor test(fromjson("{i: {f1: false, f2: false, f3: false}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: false, f2: false, f3: false}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // When a path in the diff is same as index path.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(fromjson("{f1: {a: {c: true}}}}"));
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {i: {p: false, c: false, b: false}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {p: false, c: false, b: false}}}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // When the index path is a prefix of a path in the diff.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {c: {e: 1}}}}}"));
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {sb: {sc: {i : {d: 2} }}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {c: {e: 1, d: 2}}}}}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // With common parent, but path diverges.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {c: 1}}}}"));
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {i: {c: 2}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: {c: 1}, c: 2}}}"));
+        ASSERT(!result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(DeltaExecutorTest, ArraysInIndexPath) {
+    BSONObj preImage(fromjson("{f1: [{a: {b: {c: 1}, c: 1}}, 1]}"));
+    UpdateIndexData indexData;
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("p.a.b"));
+    // Numeric components will be ignored, so they should not matter.
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("f1.9.a.10.b"));
+    FieldRefSet fieldRefSet;
+    {
+        // Test resize.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        DeltaExecutor test(fromjson("{sf1: {a: true, l: 1}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: [{a: {b: {c: 1}, c: 1}}]}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // When the index path is a prefix of a path in the diff and also involves numeric
+        // components along the way. The numeric components should always be ignored.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {a: true, s0: {sa: {sb: {i: {d: 1} }}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: [{a: {b: {c: 1, d: 1}, c: 1}}, 1]}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // When inserting a sub-object into array, and the sub-object diverges from the index path.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {a: true, u2: {b: 1}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: [{a: {b: {c: 1}, c: 1}}, 1, {b:1}]}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // When a common array path element is updated, but the paths diverge at the last element.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {a: true, s0: {sa: {d: {c: false} }}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: [{a: {b: {c: 1}}}, 1]}"));
+        ASSERT(!result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(DeltaExecutorTest, ArraysAfterIndexPath) {
+    BSONObj preImage(fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: [{c: 1}, 2]}}}"));
+    UpdateIndexData indexData;
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("p.a.b"));
+    // 'UpdateIndexData' will canonicalize the path and remove all numeric components. So the '9'
+    // and '10' components should not matter.
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("f1.9.a.10"));
+    FieldRefSet fieldRefSet;
+    {
+        // Test resize.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        DeltaExecutor test(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {sb: {a: true, l: 1}}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: [{c: 1}]}}}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // Updating a sub-array element.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {sb: {a: true, s0: {u: {c: 2}} }}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: [{c: 2}, 2]}}}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+    {
+        // Updating an array element.
+        auto doc = mutablebson::Document(preImage);
+        UpdateExecutor::ApplyParams params(doc.root(), fieldRefSet);
+        params.indexData = &indexData;
+        auto test = DeltaExecutor(fromjson("{sf1: {sa: {sb: {a: true, u0: 1 }}}}"));
+        auto result = test.applyUpdate(params);
+        ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(params.element.getDocument().getObject(),
+                                 fromjson("{f1: {a: {b: [1, 2]}}}"));
+        ASSERT(result.indexesAffected);
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace mongo
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.cpp b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.cpp
index d726d5d0a87..e38c0ad8050 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@
 
 #include "mongo/platform/basic.h"
 
+#include "mongo/db/field_ref.h"
 #include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h"
+#include "mongo/db/update_index_data.h"
 
 #include "mongo/stdx/variant.h"
 #include "mongo/util/string_map.h"
@@ -100,160 +102,203 @@ DocumentDiffTables buildObjDiffTables(DocumentDiffReader* reader) {
     return out;
 }
 
-// Mutually recursive with applyDiffToObject().
-void applyDiffToArray(const BSONObj& preImage, ArrayDiffReader* reader, BSONArrayBuilder* builder);
-
-void applyDiffToObject(const BSONObj& preImage,
-                       DocumentDiffReader* reader,
-                       BSONObjBuilder* builder) {
-    // First build some tables so we can quickly apply the diff. We shouldn't need to examine the
-    // diff again once this is done.
-    const DocumentDiffTables tables = buildObjDiffTables(reader);
-
-    // Keep track of what fields we already appended, so that we can insert the rest at the end.
-    StringDataSet fieldsToSkipInserting;
-
-    for (auto&& elt : preImage) {
-        auto it = tables.fieldMap.find(elt.fieldNameStringData());
-        if (it == tables.fieldMap.end()) {
-            // Field is not modified, so we append it as is.
-            builder->append(elt);
-            continue;
+class DiffApplier {
+public:
+    DiffApplier(const UpdateIndexData* indexData) : _indexData(indexData) {}
+
+    void applyDiffToObject(const BSONObj& preImage,
+                           FieldRef* path,
+                           DocumentDiffReader* reader,
+                           BSONObjBuilder* builder) {
+        // First build some tables so we can quickly apply the diff. We shouldn't need to examine
+        // the diff again once this is done.
+        const DocumentDiffTables tables = buildObjDiffTables(reader);
+
+        // Keep track of what fields we already appended, so that we can insert the rest at the end.
+        StringDataSet fieldsToSkipInserting;
+
+        for (auto&& elt : preImage) {
+            auto it = tables.fieldMap.find(elt.fieldNameStringData());
+            if (it == tables.fieldMap.end()) {
+                // Field is not modified, so we append it as is.
+                builder->append(elt);
+                continue;
+            }
+            FieldRef::FieldRefTempAppend tempAppend(*path, elt.fieldNameStringData());
+
+            stdx::visit(
+                visit_helper::Overloaded{
+                    [this, &path](Delete) {
+                        // Do not append anything.
+                        updateIndexesAffected(path);
+                    },
+
+                    [this, &path, &builder, &elt, &fieldsToSkipInserting](const Update& update) {
+                        builder->append(update.newElt);
+                        updateIndexesAffected(path);
+                        fieldsToSkipInserting.insert(elt.fieldNameStringData());
+                    },
+
+                    [](const Insert&) {
+                        // Skip the pre-image version of the field. We'll add it at the end.
+                    },
+
+                    [this, &builder, &elt, &path](const SubDiff& subDiff) {
+                        const auto type = subDiff.type();
+                        if (elt.type() == BSONType::Object && type == DiffType::kDocument) {
+                            BSONObjBuilder subBob(builder->subobjStart(elt.fieldNameStringData()));
+                            auto reader = stdx::get<DocumentDiffReader>(subDiff.reader);
+                            applyDiffToObject(elt.embeddedObject(), path, &reader, &subBob);
+                        } else if (elt.type() == BSONType::Array && type == DiffType::kArray) {
+                            BSONArrayBuilder subBob(
+                                builder->subarrayStart(elt.fieldNameStringData()));
+                            auto reader = stdx::get<ArrayDiffReader>(subDiff.reader);
+                            applyDiffToArray(elt.embeddedObject(), path, &reader, &subBob);
+                        } else {
+                            // There's a type mismatch. The diff was expecting one type but the pre
+                            // image contains a value of a different type. This means we are
+                            // re-applying a diff.
+
+                            // There must be some future operation which changed the type of this
+                            // field from object/array to something else. So we set this field to
+                            // null and expect the future value to overwrite the value here.
+
+                            builder->appendNull(elt.fieldNameStringData());
+                            updateIndexesAffected(path);
+                        }
+
+                        // Note: There's no need to update 'fieldsToSkipInserting' here, because a
+                        // field cannot appear in both the sub-diff and insert section.
+                    },
+                },
+                it->second);
         }
 
-        stdx::visit(
-            visit_helper::Overloaded{
-                [](Delete) {
-                    // Do nothing.
-                },
+        // Insert remaining fields to the end.
+        for (auto&& elt : tables.fieldsToInsert) {
+            if (!fieldsToSkipInserting.count(elt.fieldNameStringData())) {
+                builder->append(elt);
+                FieldRef::FieldRefTempAppend tempAppend(*path, elt.fieldNameStringData());
+                updateIndexesAffected(path);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-                [&builder, &elt, &fieldsToSkipInserting](const Update& update) {
-                    builder->append(update.newElt);
-                    fieldsToSkipInserting.insert(elt.fieldNameStringData());
-                },
+    bool indexesAffected() const {
+        return _indexesAffected;
+    }
 
-                [](const Insert&) {
-                    // Skip the pre-image version of the field. We'll add it at the end.
+private:
+    /**
+     * Given an (optional) member of the pre image array and a modification, apply the modification
+     * and add it to the post image array in 'builder'.
+     */
+    void appendNewValueForArrayIndex(boost::optional<BSONElement> preImageValue,
+                                     FieldRef* path,
+                                     const ArrayDiffReader::ArrayModification& modification,
+                                     BSONArrayBuilder* builder) {
+        stdx::visit(
+            visit_helper::Overloaded{
+                [this, &path, builder](const BSONElement& update) {
+                    builder->append(update);
+                    updateIndexesAffected(path);
                 },
-
-                [&builder, &elt](const SubDiff& subDiff) {
-                    const auto type = subDiff.type();
-                    if (elt.type() == BSONType::Object && type == DiffType::kDocument) {
-                        BSONObjBuilder subBob(builder->subobjStart(elt.fieldNameStringData()));
-                        auto reader = stdx::get<DocumentDiffReader>(subDiff.reader);
-                        applyDiffToObject(elt.embeddedObject(), &reader, &subBob);
-                    } else if (elt.type() == BSONType::Array && type == DiffType::kArray) {
-                        BSONArrayBuilder subBob(builder->subarrayStart(elt.fieldNameStringData()));
-                        auto reader = stdx::get<ArrayDiffReader>(subDiff.reader);
-                        applyDiffToArray(elt.embeddedObject(), &reader, &subBob);
-                    } else {
-                        // There's a type mismatch. The diff was expecting one type but the pre
-                        // image contains a value of a different type. This means we are
-                        // re-applying a diff.
-
-                        // There must be some future operation which changed the type of this field
-                        // from object/array to something else. So we set this field to null field
-                        // and expect the future value to overwrite the value here.
-
-                        builder->appendNull(elt.fieldNameStringData());
+                [this, builder, &preImageValue, &path](auto reader) {
+                    if (!preImageValue) {
+                        // The pre-image's array was shorter than we expected. This means some
+                        // future oplog entry will either re-write the value of this array index
+                        // (or some parent) so we append a null and move on.
+                        builder->appendNull();
+                        updateIndexesAffected(path);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<decltype(reader), ArrayDiffReader>) {
+                        if (preImageValue->type() == BSONType::Array) {
+                            BSONArrayBuilder sub(builder->subarrayStart());
+                            applyDiffToArray(preImageValue->embeddedObject(), path, &reader, &sub);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<decltype(reader), DocumentDiffReader>) {
+                        if (preImageValue->type() == BSONType::Object) {
+                            BSONObjBuilder sub(builder->subobjStart());
+                            applyDiffToObject(preImageValue->embeddedObject(), path, &reader, &sub);
+                            return;
+                        }
                     }
 
-                    // Note: There's no need to update 'fieldsToSkipInserting' here, because a
-                    // field cannot appear in both the sub-diff and insert section.
+                    // The type does not match what we expected. This means some future oplog
+                    // entry will either re-write the value of this array index (or some
+                    // parent) so we append a null and move on.
+                    builder->appendNull();
+                    updateIndexesAffected(path);
                 },
             },
-            it->second);
+            modification);
     }
 
-    // Insert remaining fields to the end.
-    for (auto&& elt : tables.fieldsToInsert) {
-        if (!fieldsToSkipInserting.count(elt.fieldNameStringData())) {
-            builder->append(elt);
+    // Mutually recursive with applyDiffToObject().
+    void applyDiffToArray(const BSONObj& arrayPreImage,
+                          FieldRef* path,
+                          ArrayDiffReader* reader,
+                          BSONArrayBuilder* builder) {
+        const auto resizeVal = reader->newSize();
+        // Each modification is an optional pair where the first component is the array index and
+        // the second is the modification type.
+        auto nextMod = reader->next();
+        BSONObjIterator preImageIt(arrayPreImage);
+
+        // If there is a resize of array, check if indexes are affected by the array modification.
+        if (resizeVal) {
+            updateIndexesAffected(path);
         }
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Given an (optional) member of the pre image array and a modification, apply the modification and
- * add it to the post image array in 'builder'.
- */
-void appendNewValueForIndex(boost::optional<BSONElement> preImageValue,
-                            const ArrayDiffReader::ArrayModification& modification,
-                            BSONArrayBuilder* builder) {
-    stdx::visit(
-        visit_helper::Overloaded{
-            [builder](const BSONElement& update) { builder->append(update); },
-            [builder, &preImageValue](auto reader) {
-                if (!preImageValue) {
-                    // The pre-image's array was shorter than we expected. This means some
-                    // future oplog entry will either re-write the value of this array index
-                    // (or some parent) so we append a null and move on.
-                    builder->appendNull();
-                    return;
-                }
 
-                if constexpr (std::is_same_v<decltype(reader), ArrayDiffReader>) {
-                    if (preImageValue->type() == BSONType::Array) {
-                        BSONArrayBuilder sub(builder->subarrayStart());
-                        applyDiffToArray(preImageValue->embeddedObject(), &reader, &sub);
-                        return;
-                    }
-                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<decltype(reader), DocumentDiffReader>) {
-                    if (preImageValue->type() == BSONType::Object) {
-                        BSONObjBuilder sub(builder->subobjStart());
-                        applyDiffToObject(preImageValue->embeddedObject(), &reader, &sub);
-                        return;
-                    }
-                }
+        size_t idx = 0;
+        for (; preImageIt.more() && (!resizeVal || idx < *resizeVal); ++idx, ++preImageIt) {
+            auto idxAsStr = std::to_string(idx);
+            FieldRef::FieldRefTempAppend tempAppend(*path, idxAsStr);
+            if (nextMod && idx == nextMod->first) {
+                appendNewValueForArrayIndex(*preImageIt, path, nextMod->second, builder);
+                nextMod = reader->next();
+            } else {
+                // This index is not in the diff so we keep the value in the pre image.
+                builder->append(*preImageIt);
+            }
+        }
 
-                // The type does not match what we expected. This means some future oplog
-                // entry will either re-write the value of this array index (or some
-                // parent) so we append a null and move on.
+        // Deal with remaining fields in the diff if the pre image was too short.
+        for (; (resizeVal && idx < *resizeVal) || nextMod; ++idx) {
+            auto idxAsStr = std::to_string(idx);
+            FieldRef::FieldRefTempAppend tempAppend(*path, idxAsStr);
+            if (nextMod && idx == nextMod->first) {
+                appendNewValueForArrayIndex(boost::none, path, nextMod->second, builder);
+                nextMod = reader->next();
+            } else {
+                // This field is not mentioned in the diff so we pad the post image with null.
+                updateIndexesAffected(path);
                 builder->appendNull();
-            },
-        },
-        modification);
-}
-
-void applyDiffToArray(const BSONObj& arrayPreImage,
-                      ArrayDiffReader* reader,
-                      BSONArrayBuilder* builder) {
-    const auto resizeVal = reader->newSize();
-    // Each modification is an optional pair where the first component is the array index and the
-    // second is the modification type.
-    auto nextMod = reader->next();
-    BSONObjIterator preImageIt(arrayPreImage);
-
-    size_t idx = 0;
-    for (; preImageIt.more() && (!resizeVal || idx < *resizeVal); ++idx, ++preImageIt) {
-        if (nextMod && idx == nextMod->first) {
-            appendNewValueForIndex(*preImageIt, nextMod->second, builder);
-            nextMod = reader->next();
-        } else {
-            // This index is not in the diff so we keep the value in the pre image.
-            builder->append(*preImageIt);
+            }
         }
+
+        invariant(!resizeVal || *resizeVal == idx);
     }
 
-    // Deal with remaining fields in the diff if the pre image was too short.
-    for (; (resizeVal && idx < *resizeVal) || nextMod; ++idx) {
-        if (nextMod && idx == nextMod->first) {
-            appendNewValueForIndex(boost::none, nextMod->second, builder);
-            nextMod = reader->next();
-        } else {
-            // This field is not mentioned in the diff so we pad the post image with null.
-            builder->appendNull();
+    void updateIndexesAffected(FieldRef* path) {
+        if (_indexData) {
+            _indexesAffected = _indexesAffected || _indexData->mightBeIndexed(*path);
         }
     }
 
-    invariant(!resizeVal || *resizeVal == idx);
-}
+    const UpdateIndexData* _indexData;
+    bool _indexesAffected = false;
+};
 }  // namespace
 
-BSONObj applyDiff(const BSONObj& pre, const Diff& diff) {
+ApplyDiffOutput applyDiff(const BSONObj& pre, const Diff& diff, const UpdateIndexData* indexData) {
     DocumentDiffReader reader(diff);
     BSONObjBuilder out;
-    applyDiffToObject(pre, &reader, &out);
-    return out.obj();
+    DiffApplier applier(indexData);
+    FieldRef path;
+    applier.applyDiffToObject(pre, &path, &reader, &out);
+    return {out.obj(), applier.indexesAffected()};
 }
 }  // namespace mongo::doc_diff
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h
index a825ee2cac9..22ebfce5247 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h
@@ -31,12 +31,20 @@
 
 #include "mongo/bson/bsonobjbuilder.h"
 #include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_serialization.h"
+#include "mongo/db/update_index_data.h"
 
 namespace mongo {
 namespace doc_diff {
+
+struct ApplyDiffOutput {
+    BSONObj postImage;
+    bool indexesAffected;
+};
+
 /**
- * Applies the diff to 'pre' and returns the post image. Throws if the diff is invalid.
+ * Applies the diff to 'pre' and returns the post image. Throws if the diff is invalid. The
+ * indexData' parameter is optional, if provided computes whether the indexes are affected.
  */
-BSONObj applyDiff(const BSONObj& pre, const Diff& diff);
+ApplyDiffOutput applyDiff(const BSONObj& pre, const Diff& diff, const UpdateIndexData* indexData);
 }  // namespace doc_diff
 }  // namespace mongo
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier_test.cpp b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier_test.cpp
index 90ea71785b3..888803c35eb 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier_test.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier_test.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "mongo/bson/json.h"
 #include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h"
 #include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_serialization.h"
+#include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.h"
 #include "mongo/logv2/log.h"
 #include "mongo/unittest/unittest.h"
 
@@ -43,14 +44,14 @@ namespace {
  * Checks that applying the diff (once or twice) to 'preImage' produces the expected post image.
  */
 void checkDiff(const BSONObj& preImage, const BSONObj& expectedPost, const Diff& diff) {
-    BSONObj postImage = applyDiff(preImage, diff);
+    BSONObj postImage = applyDiffTestHelper(preImage, diff);
 
     // This *MUST* check for binary equality, which is what we enforce between replica set
     // members. Logical equality (through woCompare() or ASSERT_BSONOBJ_EQ) is not enough to show
     // that the applier actually works.
     ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(postImage, expectedPost);
 
-    BSONObj postImageAgain = applyDiff(postImage, diff);
+    BSONObj postImageAgain = applyDiffTestHelper(postImage, diff);
     ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(postImageAgain, expectedPost);
 }
 
@@ -350,41 +351,48 @@ TEST(DiffApplierTest, UpdateArrayOfObjectsWithUpdateOperationNonContiguous) {
 
 TEST(DiffApplierTest, DiffWithDuplicateFields) {
     BSONObj diff = fromjson("{d: {dupField: false}, u: {dupField: 'new value'}}");
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), diff), DBException, 4728000);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), diff), DBException, 4728000);
 }
 
 TEST(DiffApplierTest, EmptyDiff) {
     BSONObj emptyDiff;
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), emptyDiff), DBException, 4770500);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), emptyDiff), DBException, 4770500);
 }
 
 TEST(DiffApplierTest, ArrayDiffAtTop) {
     BSONObj arrDiff = fromjson("{a: true, l: 5, 'd0': false}");
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), arrDiff), DBException, 4770503);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), arrDiff), DBException, 4770503);
 }
 
 TEST(DiffApplierTest, DuplicateFieldNames) {
     // Within the same update type.
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d: {a: false, b: false, a: false}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4728000);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{u: {f1: 3, f1: 4}}")), DBException, 4728000);
     ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
-        applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{i: {a: {}, a: null}}")), DBException, 4728000);
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d: {a: false, b: false, a: false}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4728000);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{u: {f1: 3, f1: 4}}")), DBException, 4728000);
     ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
-        applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{sa: {d: {p: false}}, sa: {a: true, d: {p: false}}}")),
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{i: {a: {}, a: null}}")), DBException, 4728000);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(),
+                            fromjson("{sa: {d: {p: false}}, sa: {a: true, d: {p: false}}}")),
         DBException,
         4728000);
 
     // Across update types.
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d: {b: false}, i: {a: {}, b: null}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4728000);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{u: {b: false}, i: {a: {}, b: null}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4728000);
     ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
-        applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{u: {a: {}}, sa: {d : {k: false}}}")), DBException, 4728000);
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d: {b: false}, i: {a: {}, b: null}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4728000);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{u: {b: false}, i: {a: {}, b: null}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4728000);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{u: {a: {}}, sa: {d : {k: false}}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4728000);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_serialization_test.cpp b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_serialization_test.cpp
index 97c2fcdf438..c1107a1de32 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_serialization_test.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_serialization_test.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "mongo/bson/json.h"
 #include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h"
 #include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_serialization.h"
+#include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.h"
 #include "mongo/unittest/unittest.h"
 
 namespace mongo::doc_diff {
@@ -425,59 +426,71 @@ TEST(DiffSerializationTest, ExecptionsWhileDiffBuildingDoesNotLeakMemory) {
 TEST(DiffSerializationTest, UnexpectedFieldsInObjDiff) {
     // Empty field names on top level.
     ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
-        applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d: {f: false}, '' : {}}")), DBException, 4770505);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{'' : {}}")), DBException, 4770505);
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d: {f: false}, '' : {}}")), DBException, 4770505);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{'' : {}}")), DBException, 4770505);
 
     // Expected diff to be non-empty.
     ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
-        applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d: {f: false}, s : {}}")), DBException, 4770500);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{sa : {}}")), DBException, 4770500);
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d: {f: false}, s : {}}")), DBException, 4770500);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{sa : {}}")), DBException, 4770500);
 
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{p : 1}")), DBException, 4770503);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{u : true}")), DBException, 4770507);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d : []}")), DBException, 4770507);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{i : null}")), DBException, 4770507);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{p : 1}")), DBException, 4770503);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{u : true}")), DBException, 4770507);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{d : []}")), DBException, 4770507);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{i : null}")), DBException, 4770507);
 
     // If the order of the fields is not obeyed.
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{i : {}, d: {}}")), DBException, 4770503);
-
     ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
-        applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{s : {i: {}}, i: {}}")), DBException, 4770514);
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{i : {}, d: {}}")), DBException, 4770503);
+
     ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
-        applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{sa : {u: {}}, d: {p: false}}")), DBException, 4770514);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{sa : {u: {}}, sb : {u: {}}, i: {}}")),
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{s : {i: {}}, i: {}}")), DBException, 4770514);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{sa : {u: {}}, d: {p: false}}")),
                        DBException,
                        4770514);
     ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
-        applyDiff(BSONObj(), fromjson("{sa : {u: {}}, p: {}}")), DBException, 4770514);
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{sa : {u: {}}, sb : {u: {}}, i: {}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4770514);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj(), fromjson("{sa : {u: {}}, p: {}}")), DBException, 4770514);
 
     // Empty deletes object is valid.
-    ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(applyDiff(fromjson("{a: 1}"), fromjson("{d : {}}")),
+    ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(applyDiffTestHelper(fromjson("{a: 1}"), fromjson("{d : {}}")),
                              fromjson("{a: 1}"));
 }
 
 TEST(DiffSerializationTest, UnexpectedFieldsInArrayDiff) {
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, '3u' : 1}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4770512);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, u : true}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4770521);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, '5' : {}}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4770521);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: false, 'u3' : 4}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4770520);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: 1, 'u3' : 4}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4770519);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, 's3' : 4}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4770501);
-    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(applyDiff(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, 'd3' : 4}}")),
-                       DBException,
-                       4770502);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, '3u' : 1}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4770512);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, u : true}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4770521);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, '5' : {}}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4770521);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: false, 'u3' : 4}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4770520);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: 1, 'u3' : 4}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4770519);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, 's3' : 4}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4770501);
+    ASSERT_THROWS_CODE(
+        applyDiffTestHelper(fromjson("{arr: []}"), fromjson("{sarr: {a: true, 'd3' : 4}}")),
+        DBException,
+        4770502);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test.cpp b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test.cpp
index 4b88e10eae5..229d163a954 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 
 #include "mongo/bson/bson_depth.h"
 #include "mongo/bson/json.h"
-#include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h"
 #include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_calculator.h"
 #include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.h"
 #include "mongo/db/update/update_oplog_entry_serialization.h"
@@ -116,11 +115,11 @@ void runTest(std::vector<BSONObj> documents, size_t numSimulations) {
 
             ASSERT(diff);
             diffs.push_back(*diff);
-            const auto postObj = applyDiff(preDoc, *diff);
+            const auto postObj = applyDiffTestHelper(preDoc, *diff);
             ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(documents[i], postObj);
 
             // Applying the diff the second time also generates the same object.
-            ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(postObj, applyDiff(postObj, *diff));
+            ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(postObj, applyDiffTestHelper(postObj, *diff));
 
             preDoc = documents[i];
         }
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ void runTest(std::vector<BSONObj> documents, size_t numSimulations) {
         for (size_t start = 0; start < diffs.size(); ++start) {
             auto endObj = documents.back();
             for (size_t i = start; i < diffs.size(); ++i) {
-                endObj = applyDiff(endObj, diffs[i]);
+                endObj = applyDiffTestHelper(endObj, diffs[i]);
             }
             ASSERT_BSONOBJ_BINARY_EQ(endObj, documents.back());
         }
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.cpp b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7082025fad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/**
+ *    Copyright (C) 2020-present MongoDB, Inc.
+ *
+ *    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *    it under the terms of the Server Side Public License, version 1,
+ *    as published by MongoDB, Inc.
+ *
+ *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *    Server Side Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *    You should have received a copy of the Server Side Public License
+ *    along with this program. If not, see
+ *    <http://www.mongodb.com/licensing/server-side-public-license>.
+ *
+ *    As a special exception, the copyright holders give permission to link the
+ *    code of portions of this program with the OpenSSL library under certain
+ *    conditions as described in each individual source file and distribute
+ *    linked combinations including the program with the OpenSSL library. You
+ *    must comply with the Server Side Public License in all respects for
+ *    all of the code used other than as permitted herein. If you modify file(s)
+ *    with this exception, you may extend this exception to your version of the
+ *    file(s), but you are not obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so,
+ *    delete this exception statement from your version. If you delete this
+ *    exception statement from all source files in the program, then also delete
+ *    it in the license file.
+ */
+
+#include "mongo/platform/basic.h"
+
+#include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.h"
+
+#include "mongo/bson/json.h"
+#include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h"
+#include "mongo/platform/random.h"
+
+namespace mongo::doc_diff {
+
+BSONObj createObjWithLargePrefix(const std::string& suffix) {
+    const static auto largeObj = BSON("prefixLargeField" << std::string(200, 'a'));
+    return largeObj.addFields(fromjson(suffix));
+}
+
+std::string getFieldName(int level, int fieldNum) {
+    return str::stream() << "f" << level << fieldNum;
+}
+
+Value getScalarFieldValue(PseudoRandom* rng) {
+    switch (rng->nextInt32(10)) {
+        case 0:
+            return Value("val"_sd);
+        case 1:
+            return Value(BSONNULL);
+        case 2:
+            return Value(-1LL);
+        case 3:
+            return Value(0);
+        case 4:
+            return Value(1.10);
+        case 5:
+            return Value(false);
+        case 6:
+            return Value(BSONRegEx("p"));
+        case 7:
+            return Value(Date_t());
+        case 8:
+            return Value(UUID::gen());
+        case 9:
+            return Value(BSONBinData("asdf", 4, BinDataGeneral));
+        default:
+            MONGO_UNREACHABLE;
+    }
+}
+
+BSONObj generateDoc(PseudoRandom* rng, MutableDocument* doc, int depthLevel) {
+    // Append a large field at each level so that the likelihood of generating a sub-diff is high.
+    auto largeFieldObj = createObjWithLargePrefix("{}");
+    doc->addField("prefixLargeField", Value(largeFieldObj.firstElement()));
+
+    // Reduce the probabilty of generated nested objects as we go deeper. After depth level 6, we
+    // should not be generating anymore nested objects.
+    const double subObjProbability = 0.3 - (depthLevel * 0.05);
+    const double subArrayProbability = 0.2 - (depthLevel * 0.05);
+
+    const int numFields = (5 - depthLevel) + rng->nextInt32(4);
+    for (int fieldNum = 0; fieldNum < numFields; ++fieldNum) {
+        const auto fieldName = getFieldName(depthLevel, fieldNum);
+        auto num = rng->nextCanonicalDouble();
+        if (num <= subObjProbability) {
+            MutableDocument subDoc;
+            doc->addField(fieldName, Value(generateDoc(rng, &subDoc, depthLevel + 1)));
+        } else if (num <= (subObjProbability + subArrayProbability)) {
+            const auto arrayLength = rng->nextInt32(10);
+            std::vector<Value> values;
+            auto numSubObjs = 0;
+            for (auto i = 0; i < arrayLength; i++) {
+                // The probablilty of generating a sub-object goes down as we generate more
+                // sub-objects and as the array position increases.
+                if (!rng->nextInt32(2 + numSubObjs + i)) {
+                    MutableDocument subDoc;
+
+                    // Ensure that the depth is higher as we generate more sub-objects, to avoid
+                    // bloating up the document size exponentially.
+                    values.push_back(
+                        Value(generateDoc(rng, &subDoc, depthLevel + 1 + numSubObjs * 2)));
+                    ++numSubObjs;
+                } else {
+                    values.push_back(getScalarFieldValue(rng));
+                }
+            }
+
+            doc->addField(fieldName, Value(values));
+        } else {
+            doc->addField(fieldName, getScalarFieldValue(rng));
+        }
+    }
+    return doc->freeze().toBson();
+}
+
+BSONObj applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj preImage, BSONObj diff) {
+    UpdateIndexData indexData;
+    return applyDiff(preImage, diff, &indexData).postImage;
+}
+
+}  // namespace mongo::doc_diff
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.h b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.h
index 09d545cba47..8ba9aea35a3 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/document_diff_test_helpers.h
@@ -29,98 +29,17 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <algorithm>
-
-#include "mongo/bson/json.h"
+#include "mongo/bson/mutable/document.h"
 #include "mongo/db/exec/document_value/document.h"
 #include "mongo/db/exec/document_value/value.h"
-#include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_applier.h"
-#include "mongo/db/update/document_diff_calculator.h"
+#include "mongo/db/update/update_executor.h"
 #include "mongo/platform/random.h"
-#include "mongo/unittest/bson_test_util.h"
-#include "mongo/unittest/unittest.h"
 
 namespace mongo::doc_diff {
 
-BSONObj createObjWithLargePrefix(const std::string& suffix) {
-    const static auto largeObj = BSON("prefixLargeField" << std::string(200, 'a'));
-    return largeObj.addFields(fromjson(suffix));
-}
-
-std::string getFieldName(int level, int fieldNum) {
-    return str::stream() << "f" << level << fieldNum;
-}
-
-Value getScalarFieldValue(PseudoRandom* rng) {
-    switch (rng->nextInt32(10)) {
-        case 0:
-            return Value("val"_sd);
-        case 1:
-            return Value(BSONNULL);
-        case 2:
-            return Value(-1LL);
-        case 3:
-            return Value(0);
-        case 4:
-            return Value(1.10);
-        case 5:
-            return Value(false);
-        case 6:
-            return Value(BSONRegEx("p"));
-        case 7:
-            return Value(Date_t());
-        case 8:
-            return Value(UUID::gen());
-        case 9:
-            return Value(BSONBinData("asdf", 4, BinDataGeneral));
-        default:
-            MONGO_UNREACHABLE;
-    }
-}
-
-BSONObj generateDoc(PseudoRandom* rng, MutableDocument* doc, int depthLevel) {
-    // Append a large field at each level so that the likelihood of generating a sub-diff is high.
-    auto largeFieldObj = createObjWithLargePrefix("{}");
-    doc->addField("prefixLargeField", Value(largeFieldObj.firstElement()));
-
-    // Reduce the probabilty of generated nested objects as we go deeper. After depth level 6, we
-    // should not be generating anymore nested objects.
-    const double subObjProbability = 0.3 - (depthLevel * 0.05);
-    const double subArrayProbability = 0.2 - (depthLevel * 0.05);
-
-    const int numFields = (5 - depthLevel) + rng->nextInt32(4);
-    for (int fieldNum = 0; fieldNum < numFields; ++fieldNum) {
-        const auto fieldName = getFieldName(depthLevel, fieldNum);
-        auto num = rng->nextCanonicalDouble();
-        if (num <= subObjProbability) {
-            MutableDocument subDoc;
-            doc->addField(fieldName, Value(generateDoc(rng, &subDoc, depthLevel + 1)));
-        } else if (num <= (subObjProbability + subArrayProbability)) {
-            const auto arrayLength = rng->nextInt32(10);
-            std::vector<Value> values;
-            auto numSubObjs = 0;
-            for (auto i = 0; i < arrayLength; i++) {
-                // The probablilty of generating a sub-object goes down as we generate more
-                // sub-objects and as the array position increases.
-                if (!rng->nextInt32(2 + numSubObjs + i)) {
-                    MutableDocument subDoc;
-
-                    // Ensure that the depth is higher as we generate more sub-objects, to avoid
-                    // bloating up the document size exponentially.
-                    values.push_back(
-                        Value(generateDoc(rng, &subDoc, depthLevel + 1 + numSubObjs * 2)));
-                    ++numSubObjs;
-                } else {
-                    values.push_back(getScalarFieldValue(rng));
-                }
-            }
+BSONObj createObjWithLargePrefix(const std::string& suffix);
 
-            doc->addField(fieldName, Value(values));
-        } else {
-            doc->addField(fieldName, getScalarFieldValue(rng));
-        }
-    }
-    return doc->freeze().toBson();
-}
+BSONObj generateDoc(PseudoRandom* rng, MutableDocument* doc, int depthLevel);
 
+BSONObj applyDiffTestHelper(BSONObj preImage, BSONObj diff);
 }  // namespace mongo::doc_diff
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/update_driver.cpp b/src/mongo/db/update/update_driver.cpp
index 2e0754b3f92..5e0fbbf2332 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/update_driver.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/update_driver.cpp
@@ -250,7 +250,9 @@ Status UpdateDriver::update(OperationContext* opCtx,
                             FieldRefSetWithStorage* modifiedPaths) {
     // TODO: assert that update() is called at most once in a !_multi case.
 
-    _affectIndices = (_updateType != UpdateType::kOperator && _indexedFields != nullptr);
+    _affectIndices =
+        (_updateType == UpdateType::kReplacement || _updateType == UpdateType::kPipeline) &&
+        (_indexedFields != nullptr);
 
     _logDoc.reset();
 
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/update/update_driver_test.cpp b/src/mongo/db/update/update_driver_test.cpp
index 743d3fbe67d..f490fec9a24 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/update/update_driver_test.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/update/update_driver_test.cpp
@@ -562,12 +562,14 @@ TEST_F(CreateFromQuery, NotFullShardKeyRepl) {
 
 class ModifiedPathsTestFixture : public mongo::unittest::Test {
 public:
-    std::string getModifiedPaths(mutablebson::Document* doc,
-                                 BSONObj updateSpec,
-                                 StringData matchedField = StringData(),
-                                 std::vector<BSONObj> arrayFilterSpec = {}) {
+    void runUpdate(mutablebson::Document* doc,
+                   const write_ops::UpdateModification& updateSpec,
+                   StringData matchedField = StringData(),
+                   std::vector<BSONObj> arrayFilterSpec = {},
+                   bool fromOplog = false,
+                   UpdateIndexData* indexData = nullptr) {
         boost::intrusive_ptr<ExpressionContextForTest> expCtx(new ExpressionContextForTest());
-        UpdateDriver driver(expCtx);
+        _driver = std::make_unique<UpdateDriver>(expCtx);
         std::map<StringData, std::unique_ptr<ExpressionWithPlaceholder>> arrayFilters;
 
         for (const auto& filter : arrayFilterSpec) {
@@ -576,89 +578,139 @@ public:
             ASSERT(expr->getPlaceholder());
             arrayFilters[expr->getPlaceholder().get()] = std::move(expr);
         }
-        driver.parse(updateSpec, arrayFilters);
+        _driver->setFromOplogApplication(fromOplog);
+        _driver->refreshIndexKeys(indexData);
+        _driver->parse(updateSpec, arrayFilters);
 
         const bool validateForStorage = true;
         const FieldRefSet emptyImmutablePaths;
         const bool isInsert = false;
         FieldRefSetWithStorage modifiedPaths;
-        ASSERT_OK(driver.update(expCtx->opCtx,
-                                matchedField,
-                                doc,
-                                validateForStorage,
-                                emptyImmutablePaths,
-                                isInsert,
-                                nullptr,
-                                nullptr,
-                                &modifiedPaths));
-
-        return modifiedPaths.toString();
+        ASSERT_OK(_driver->update(
+            expCtx->opCtx,
+            matchedField,
+            doc,
+            validateForStorage,
+            emptyImmutablePaths,
+            isInsert,
+            nullptr,
+            nullptr,
+            (_driver->type() == UpdateDriver::UpdateType::kOperator) ? &modifiedPaths : nullptr));
+
+        _modifiedPaths = modifiedPaths.toString();
     }
-};
 
-TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, ReplaceFullDocumentReturnsEmptySet) {
-    BSONObj spec = fromjson("{a: 1, b: 1}}");
-    mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: 0, b: 0}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec), "{}");
-}
+    std::unique_ptr<UpdateDriver> _driver;
+    std::string _modifiedPaths;
+};
 
 TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, SetFieldInRoot) {
     BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$set: {a: 1}}");
     mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: 0}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec), "{a}");
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a}");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, IncFieldInRoot) {
     BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$inc: {a: 1}}");
     mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: 0}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec), "{a}");
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a}");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, UnsetFieldInRoot) {
     BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$unset: {a: ''}}");
     mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: 0}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec), "{a}");
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a}");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, UpdateArrayElement) {
     BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$set: {'a.0.b': 1}}");
     mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: [{b: 0}]}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec), "{a.0.b}");
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a.0.b}");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, SetBeyondTheEndOfArrayShouldReturnPathToArray) {
     BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$set: {'a.1.b': 1}}");
     mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: [{b: 0}]}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec), "{a}");
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a}");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, InsertingAndUpdatingArrayShouldReturnPathToArray) {
     BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$set: {'a.0.b': 1, 'a.1.c': 2}}");
     mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: [{b: 0}]}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec), "{a}");
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a}");
 
     spec = fromjson("{$set: {'a.10.b': 1, 'a.1.c': 2}}");
     mutablebson::Document doc2(fromjson("{a: [{b: 0}, {b: 0}]}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc2, spec), "{a}");
+    runUpdate(&doc2, spec);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a}");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, UpdateWithPositionalOperator) {
     BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$set: {'a.$': 1}}");
     mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: [0, 1, 2]}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec, "0"_sd), "{a.0}");
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec, "0"_sd);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a.0}");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, UpdateWithPositionalOperatorToNestedField) {
     BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$set: {'a.$.b': 1}}");
     mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: [{b: 1}, {b: 2}]}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec, "1"_sd), "{a.1.b}");
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec, "1"_sd);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a.1.b}");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, ArrayFilterThatMatchesNoElements) {
     BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$set: {'a.$[i]': 1}}");
     BSONObj arrayFilter = fromjson("{i: 0}");
     mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: [1, 2, 3]}"));
-    ASSERT_EQ(getModifiedPaths(&doc, spec, ""_sd, {arrayFilter}), "{a}");
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec, ""_sd, {arrayFilter});
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{a}");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, ReplaceFullDocumentAlwaysAffectsIndex) {
+    BSONObj spec = fromjson("{a: 1, b: 1}}");
+    mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: 0, b: 0}"));
+    runUpdate(&doc, spec);
+    ASSERT_EQ(_modifiedPaths, "{}");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, PipelineUpdatesAlwaysAffectsIndex) {
+    BSONObj spec = fromjson("{$set: {'a.1.b': 1}}");
+    mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: [{b: 0}]}"));
+    runUpdate(&doc, std::vector<BSONObj>{spec});
+    ASSERT(_driver->modsAffectIndices());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, DeltaUpdateNotAffectingIndex) {
+    BSONObj spec = fromjson("{d: {a: false}}");
+    mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: [{b: 0}]}"));
+    runUpdate(&doc, write_ops::UpdateModification(spec, {}), ""_sd, {}, true /* fromOplog */);
+    ASSERT(!_driver->modsAffectIndices());
+
+    UpdateIndexData indexData;
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("p"));
+    runUpdate(
+        &doc, write_ops::UpdateModification(spec, {}), ""_sd, {}, true /* fromOplog */, &indexData);
+    ASSERT(!_driver->modsAffectIndices());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ModifiedPathsTestFixture, DeltaUpdateAffectingIndex) {
+    BSONObj spec = fromjson("{u: {a: 1}}");
+    mutablebson::Document doc(fromjson("{a: [{b: 0}]}"));
+    UpdateIndexData indexData;
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("q"));
+    indexData.addPath(FieldRef("a.p"));
+    runUpdate(
+        &doc, write_ops::UpdateModification(spec, {}), ""_sd, {}, true /* fromOplog */, &indexData);
+    ASSERT(_driver->modsAffectIndices());
 }
 
 }  // namespace