SERVER-53989 RecordStore determines its key format from the durable catalog

22 files changed, 130 insertions, 84 deletions

diff --git a/jstests/noPassthroughWithMongod/timeseries_create.js b/jstests/noPassthroughWithMongod/timeseries_create.js
index 4f59f90e56c..ff5a2949f75 100644
--- a/jstests/noPassthroughWithMongod/timeseries_create.js
+++ b/jstests/noPassthroughWithMongod/timeseries_create.js
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ const testOptions = function(allowed,
         assert(bucketsColl, collections);
         assert.eq(bucketsColl.type, "collection", bucketsColl);
         assert(bucketsColl.options.hasOwnProperty('clusteredIndex'), bucketsColl);
-        assert.eq(bucketsColl.options.clusteredIndex.keyFormat, 'OID', bucketsColl);
         if (timeseriesOptions.expireAfterSeconds) {
             assert.eq(bucketsColl.options.clusteredIndex.expireAfterSeconds,
                       timeseriesOptions.expireAfterSeconds,
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/catalog/clustered_index_options.idl b/src/mongo/db/catalog/clustered_index_options.idl
index 7355abff331..32ed09cb0d5 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/catalog/clustered_index_options.idl
+++ b/src/mongo/db/catalog/clustered_index_options.idl
@@ -31,21 +31,11 @@ global:
 imports:
     - "mongo/idl/basic_types.idl"
 
-enums:
-    KeyFormat:
-        description: "The storage format of the RecordId keys for this collection"
-        type: string
-        values:
-            OID: OID
-
 structs:
     ClusteredIndexOptions:
         description: "The options that define a clustered _id index on a collection."
         strict: true
         fields:
-            keyFormat:
-                description: "The storage format of the RecordId keys for this collection"
-                type: KeyFormat
             expireAfterSeconds:
                 description: "The number of seconds after which old data should be deleted."
                 type: safeInt64
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection.h b/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection.h
index f789a492680..1b4aadca79f 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection.h
@@ -502,6 +502,12 @@ public:
      */
     virtual bool isTemporary(OperationContext* opCtx) const = 0;
 
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this collection is clustered on _id values. That is, its RecordIds are _id
+     * values and has no separate _id index.
+     */
+    virtual bool isClustered() const = 0;
+
     //
     // Stats
     //
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_impl.cpp b/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_impl.cpp
index 8565f8cc65e..152859a2d0c 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_impl.cpp
@@ -329,6 +329,10 @@ void CollectionImpl::init(OperationContext* opCtx) {
                               "validatorStatus"_attr = _validator.getStatus());
     }
 
+    if (collectionOptions.clusteredIndex) {
+        _clustered = true;
+    }
+
     getIndexCatalog()->init(opCtx).transitional_ignore();
     _initialized = true;
 }
@@ -622,10 +626,21 @@ Status CollectionImpl::insertDocumentForBulkLoader(
 
     dassert(opCtx->lockState()->isCollectionLockedForMode(ns(), MODE_IX));
 
+    RecordId recordId;
+    if (isClustered()) {
+        // Collections clustered by _id require ObjectId values.
+        BSONElement oidElem;
+        bool foundId = doc.getObjectID(oidElem);
+        uassert(ErrorCodes::BadValue,
+                str::stream() << "Document " << redact(doc) << " is missing the '_id' field",
+                foundId);
+        recordId = RecordId(oidElem.OID());
+    }
+
     // Using timestamp 0 for these inserts, which are non-oplog so we don't have an appropriate
     // timestamp to use.
-    StatusWith<RecordId> loc =
-        _shared->_recordStore->insertRecord(opCtx, doc.objdata(), doc.objsize(), Timestamp());
+    StatusWith<RecordId> loc = _shared->_recordStore->insertRecord(
+        opCtx, recordId, doc.objdata(), doc.objsize(), Timestamp());
 
     if (!loc.isOK())
         return loc.getStatus();
@@ -692,8 +707,8 @@ Status CollectionImpl::_insertDocuments(OperationContext* opCtx,
         const auto& doc = it->doc;
 
         RecordId recordId;
-        if (_shared->_recordStore->isClustered()) {
-            // Extract the ObjectId from the document's _id field.
+        if (isClustered()) {
+            // Collections clustered by _id require ObjectId values.
             BSONElement oidElem;
             bool foundId = doc.getObjectID(oidElem);
             uassert(ErrorCodes::BadValue,
@@ -722,7 +737,7 @@ Status CollectionImpl::_insertDocuments(OperationContext* opCtx,
     int recordIndex = 0;
     for (auto it = begin; it != end; it++) {
         RecordId loc = records[recordIndex++].id;
-        if (_shared->_recordStore->isClustered()) {
+        if (isClustered()) {
             invariant(RecordId::min<OID>() < loc);
             invariant(loc < RecordId::max<OID>());
         } else {
@@ -962,6 +977,10 @@ bool CollectionImpl::isTemporary(OperationContext* opCtx) const {
     return DurableCatalog::get(opCtx)->getCollectionOptions(opCtx, getCatalogId()).temp;
 }
 
+bool CollectionImpl::isClustered() const {
+    return _clustered;
+}
+
 bool CollectionImpl::getRecordPreImages() const {
     return _recordPreImages;
 }
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_impl.h b/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_impl.h
index 553c9e541f8..8a8ab870a09 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_impl.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_impl.h
@@ -293,6 +293,8 @@ public:
 
     bool isTemporary(OperationContext* opCtx) const final;
 
+    bool isClustered() const final;
+
     //
     // Stats
     //
@@ -463,6 +465,9 @@ private:
     boost::optional<ValidationActionEnum> _validationAction;
     boost::optional<ValidationLevelEnum> _validationLevel;
 
+    // Whether or not this collection is clustered on _id values.
+    bool _clustered = false;
+
     bool _recordPreImages = false;
 
     // The earliest snapshot that is allowed to use this collection.
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_mock.h b/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_mock.h
index 5fcd1c5ca83..d5142353fd7 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_mock.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/catalog/collection_mock.h
@@ -228,6 +228,10 @@ public:
         std::abort();
     }
 
+    bool isClustered() const {
+        std::abort();
+    }
+
     bool getRecordPreImages() const {
         std::abort();
     }
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/catalog/create_collection.cpp b/src/mongo/db/catalog/create_collection.cpp
index 81df2b85d43..fbf259fe699 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/catalog/create_collection.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/catalog/create_collection.cpp
@@ -243,7 +243,6 @@ Status _createTimeseries(OperationContext* opCtx,
 
         // Time-series buckets collections are clustered by _id using the ObjectId type by default.
         ClusteredIndexOptions clusteredOptions;
-        clusteredOptions.setKeyFormat(KeyFormatEnum::OID);
         if (auto expireAfterSeconds = options.timeseries->getExpireAfterSeconds()) {
             clusteredOptions.setExpireAfterSeconds(*expireAfterSeconds);
         }
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/exec/collection_scan.cpp b/src/mongo/db/exec/collection_scan.cpp
index 04a43ecc30e..559f6cc360a 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/exec/collection_scan.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/exec/collection_scan.cpp
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ CollectionScan::CollectionScan(ExpressionContext* expCtx,
     : RequiresCollectionStage(kStageType, expCtx, collection),
       _workingSet(workingSet),
       _filter((filter && !filter->isTriviallyTrue()) ? filter : nullptr),
-      _params(params),
-      _isClustered(collection->getRecordStore()->isClustered()) {
+      _params(params) {
     // Explain reports the direction of the collection scan.
     _specificStats.direction = params.direction;
     _specificStats.minTs = params.minTs;
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/exec/collection_scan.h b/src/mongo/db/exec/collection_scan.h
index b74986a8698..7ec2b58fdcb 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/exec/collection_scan.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/exec/collection_scan.h
@@ -77,15 +77,10 @@ public:
     BSONObj getPostBatchResumeToken() const {
         // Return a resume token compatible with resumable initial sync.
         if (_params.requestResumeToken) {
-            if (_lastSeenId.isNull()) {
-                return BSON("$recordId" << NullLabeler{});
-            }
-
-            if (_isClustered) {
-                return BSON("$recordId" << _lastSeenId.as<OID>());
-            } else {
-                return BSON("$recordId" << _lastSeenId.as<int64_t>());
-            }
+            return _lastSeenId.withFormat(
+                [](RecordId::Null n) { return BSON("$recordId" << NullLabeler{}); },
+                [](int64_t rid) { return BSON("$recordId" << rid); },
+                [](const OID& oid) { return BSON("$recordId" << oid); });
         }
         // Return a resume token compatible with resharding oplog sync.
         if (_params.shouldTrackLatestOplogTimestamp) {
@@ -138,9 +133,6 @@ private:
 
     CollectionScanParams _params;
 
-    // Collections with clustered indexes on _id use the ObjectId format for RecordId. All other
-    // collections use int64_t for RecordId.
-    const bool _isClustered;
     RecordId _lastSeenId;  // Null if nothing has been returned from _cursor yet.
 
     // If _params.shouldTrackLatestOplogTimestamp is set and the collection is the oplog, the latest
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/SConscript b/src/mongo/db/storage/SConscript
index 0d5409af7af..43f8ee4820b 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/SConscript
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/SConscript
@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ env.Library(
         'record_store_test_updatewithdamages.cpp',
     ],
     LIBDEPS=[
+        '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/db/catalog/collection_options',
         '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/db/service_context',
         '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/db/storage/storage_options',
         '$BUILD_DIR/mongo/unittest/unittest',
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/devnull/devnull_kv_engine.cpp b/src/mongo/db/storage/devnull/devnull_kv_engine.cpp
index 7e4c3c6770e..0ddc0af6b6e 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/devnull/devnull_kv_engine.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/devnull/devnull_kv_engine.cpp
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ public:
         return _options.capped;
     }
 
-    virtual bool isClustered() const {
-        return false;
+    virtual KeyFormat keyFormat() const {
+        return KeyFormat::Long;
     }
 
     virtual int64_t storageSize(OperationContext* opCtx,
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/devnull/ephemeral_catalog_record_store.h b/src/mongo/db/storage/devnull/ephemeral_catalog_record_store.h
index a18d4cefb03..2a405eddb93 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/devnull/ephemeral_catalog_record_store.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/devnull/ephemeral_catalog_record_store.h
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ public:
 
     virtual const char* name() const;
 
-    virtual bool isClustered() const {
-        return false;
+    virtual KeyFormat keyFormat() const {
+        return KeyFormat::Long;
     }
 
     virtual RecordData dataFor(OperationContext* opCtx, const RecordId& loc) const;
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/ephemeral_for_test/ephemeral_for_test_record_store.h b/src/mongo/db/storage/ephemeral_for_test/ephemeral_for_test_record_store.h
index bf8eddbaa40..1758343b211 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/ephemeral_for_test/ephemeral_for_test_record_store.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/ephemeral_for_test/ephemeral_for_test_record_store.h
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ public:
     ~RecordStore() = default;
 
     virtual const char* name() const;
-    virtual bool isClustered() const {
-        return false;
+    virtual KeyFormat keyFormat() const {
+        return KeyFormat::Long;
     }
     virtual long long dataSize(OperationContext* opCtx) const;
     virtual long long numRecords(OperationContext* opCtx) const;
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/ephemeral_for_test/ephemeral_for_test_record_store_test.cpp b/src/mongo/db/storage/ephemeral_for_test/ephemeral_for_test_record_store_test.cpp
index 278510f7c16..af44537dfd1 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/ephemeral_for_test/ephemeral_for_test_record_store_test.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/ephemeral_for_test/ephemeral_for_test_record_store_test.cpp
@@ -52,10 +52,11 @@ public:
     RecordStoreHarnessHelper() {}
 
     virtual std::unique_ptr<mongo::RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore() {
-        return newNonCappedRecordStore("a.b");
+        return newNonCappedRecordStore("a.b", CollectionOptions());
     }
 
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<mongo::RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore(const std::string& ns) {
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<mongo::RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore(
+        const std::string& ns, const CollectionOptions& collOptions) {
         return std::make_unique<RecordStore>(ns,
                                              "ident"_sd /* ident */,
                                              false /* isCapped */,
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store.h b/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store.h
index f4d377399ca..77fcfdc374c 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store.h
@@ -61,6 +61,16 @@ struct Record {
 };
 
 /**
+ * The format of a RecordStore's RecordId keys.
+ */
+enum class KeyFormat {
+    /** Signed 64-bit integer */
+    Long,
+    /** Variable-length binary comparable data */
+    String,
+};
+
+/**
  * Retrieves Records from a RecordStore.
  *
  * A cursor is constructed with a direction flag with the following effects:
@@ -228,12 +238,13 @@ public:
     }
 
     /**
-     * Collections with clustered indexes on _id use the ObjectId format for RecordId. All other
-     * RecordStores use int64_t for RecordId. Clustered RecordStores require callers to provide
-     * RecordIds and will not generate them automatically. The oplog is already clustered internally
-     * by timestamp, and cannot be clustered by ObjectId.
+     * The key format for this RecordStore's RecordIds.
+     *
+     * Collections with clustered indexes on _id may use the String format, however most
+     * RecordStores use Long. RecordStores with the String format require callers to provide
+     * RecordIds and will not generate them automatically.
      */
-    virtual bool isClustered() const = 0;
+    virtual KeyFormat keyFormat() const = 0;
 
     /**
      * The dataSize is an approximation of the sum of the sizes (in bytes) of the
@@ -329,11 +340,19 @@ public:
                                       const char* data,
                                       int len,
                                       Timestamp timestamp) {
-        // Clustered record stores do not generate unique ObjectIds for RecordIds. The expectation
-        // is for the caller to pass a non-null RecordId.
-        invariant(!isClustered());
+        // Record stores with the Long key format accept a null RecordId, as the storage engine will
+        // generate one.
+        invariant(keyFormat() == KeyFormat::Long);
+        return insertRecord(opCtx, RecordId(), data, len, timestamp);
+    }
 
-        std::vector<Record> inOutRecords{Record{RecordId(), RecordData(data, len)}};
+    /**
+     * A thin wrapper around insertRecords() to simplify handling of single document inserts.
+     * If RecordId is null, the storage engine will generate one and return it.
+     */
+    StatusWith<RecordId> insertRecord(
+        OperationContext* opCtx, RecordId rid, const char* data, int len, Timestamp timestamp) {
+        std::vector<Record> inOutRecords{Record{rid, RecordData(data, len)}};
         Status status = insertRecords(opCtx, &inOutRecords, std::vector<Timestamp>{timestamp});
         if (!status.isOK())
             return status;
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store_test_harness.cpp b/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store_test_harness.cpp
index 4b8317987d5..7d4fed29240 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store_test_harness.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store_test_harness.cpp
@@ -408,8 +408,10 @@ TEST(RecordStoreTestHarness, Cursor1) {
 TEST(RecordStoreTestHarness, ClusteredRecordStore) {
     const std::string ns = "test.system.buckets.a";
     const auto harnessHelper = newRecordStoreHarnessHelper();
-    std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> rs = harnessHelper->newNonCappedRecordStore(ns);
-    if (!rs->isClustered()) {
+    CollectionOptions options;
+    options.clusteredIndex = ClusteredIndexOptions{};
+    std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> rs = harnessHelper->newNonCappedRecordStore(ns, options);
+    if (rs->keyFormat() == KeyFormat::Long) {
         // ephemeralForTest does not support clustered indexes.
         return;
     }
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store_test_harness.h b/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store_test_harness.h
index a620cf1aa31..638154c9b03 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store_test_harness.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/record_store_test_harness.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 
+#include "mongo/db/catalog/collection_options.h"
 #include "mongo/db/operation_context_noop.h"
 #include "mongo/db/service_context.h"
 #include "mongo/db/storage/test_harness_helper.h"
@@ -45,7 +46,12 @@ class RecordStoreHarnessHelper : public HarnessHelper {
 public:
     virtual std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore() = 0;
 
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore(const std::string& ns) = 0;
+    std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore(const std::string& ns) {
+        return newNonCappedRecordStore(ns, CollectionOptions());
+    }
+
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore(
+        const std::string& ns, const CollectionOptions& options) = 0;
 
     static const int64_t kDefaultCapedSizeBytes = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> newCappedRecordStore(
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_kv_engine.cpp b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_kv_engine.cpp
index 76a85bc5d81..ae00ec30fab 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_kv_engine.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_kv_engine.cpp
@@ -1469,7 +1469,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> WiredTigerKVEngine::getRecordStore(OperationContext
     params.ident = ident.toString();
     params.engineName = _canonicalName;
     params.isCapped = options.capped;
-    params.isClustered = NamespaceString(ns).isTimeseriesBucketsCollection();
+    params.keyFormat = (options.clusteredIndex) ? KeyFormat::String : KeyFormat::Long;
     params.isEphemeral = _ephemeral;
     params.cappedCallback = nullptr;
     params.sizeStorer = _sizeStorer.get();
@@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> WiredTigerKVEngine::makeTemporaryRecordStore(Operat
     params.ident = ident.toString();
     params.engineName = _canonicalName;
     params.isCapped = false;
-    params.isClustered = false;
+    params.keyFormat = KeyFormat::Long;
     params.isEphemeral = _ephemeral;
     params.cappedCallback = nullptr;
     // Temporary collections do not need to persist size information to the size storer.
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_record_store.cpp b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_record_store.cpp
index 00fb8c68f87..124a3711896 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_record_store.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_record_store.cpp
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ WiredTigerRecordStore::OplogStones::OplogStones(OperationContext* opCtx, WiredTi
 
     invariant(rs->isCapped());
     invariant(rs->cappedMaxSize() > 0);
-    invariant(!rs->isClustered());
+    invariant(rs->keyFormat() == KeyFormat::Long);
     unsigned long long maxSize = rs->cappedMaxSize();
 
     // The minimum oplog stone size should be BSONObjMaxInternalSize.
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ public:
         invariantWTOK(advanceRet);
 
         RecordId id;
-        if (_rs->isClustered()) {
+        if (_rs->keyFormat() == KeyFormat::String) {
             const char* oidBytes;
             invariantWTOK(_cursor->get_key(_cursor, &oidBytes));
             id = RecordId(OID::from(oidBytes));
@@ -802,9 +802,8 @@ StatusWith<std::string> WiredTigerRecordStore::generateCreateString(
 
     // WARNING: No user-specified config can appear below this line. These options are required
     // for correct behavior of the server.
-    if (nss.isTimeseriesBucketsCollection()) {
-        // Time-series bucket collections use ObjectIds as their table keys. ObjectIds are
-        // described by a 12-byte string key format.
+    if (options.clusteredIndex) {
+        // If the RecordId format is a String, assume a 12-byte fix-length string key format.
         ss << "key_format=12s";
     } else {
         // All other collections use an int64_t as their table keys.
@@ -841,7 +840,7 @@ WiredTigerRecordStore::WiredTigerRecordStore(WiredTigerKVEngine* kvEngine,
       _tableId(WiredTigerSession::genTableId()),
       _engineName(params.engineName),
       _isCapped(params.isCapped),
-      _isClustered(params.isClustered),
+      _keyFormat(params.keyFormat),
       _isEphemeral(params.isEphemeral),
       _isLogged(!isTemp() &&
                 WiredTigerUtil::useTableLogging(
@@ -888,7 +887,7 @@ WiredTigerRecordStore::WiredTigerRecordStore(WiredTigerKVEngine* kvEngine,
     }
 
     if (_isOplog) {
-        invariant(!_isClustered);
+        invariant(_keyFormat == KeyFormat::Long);
         checkOplogFormatVersion(ctx, _uri);
         // The oplog always needs to be marked for size adjustment since it is journaled and also
         // may change during replication recovery (if truncated).
@@ -990,8 +989,8 @@ const char* WiredTigerRecordStore::name() const {
     return _engineName.c_str();
 }
 
-bool WiredTigerRecordStore::isClustered() const {
-    return _isClustered;
+KeyFormat WiredTigerRecordStore::keyFormat() const {
+    return _keyFormat;
 }
 
 bool WiredTigerRecordStore::inShutdown() const {
@@ -1089,7 +1088,7 @@ void WiredTigerRecordStore::deleteRecord(OperationContext* opCtx, const RecordId
     invariant(opCtx->lockState()->inAWriteUnitOfWork() || opCtx->lockState()->isNoop());
     // SERVER-48453: Initialize the next record id counter before deleting. This ensures we won't
     // reuse record ids, which can be problematic for the _mdb_catalog.
-    if (!_isClustered) {
+    if (_keyFormat == KeyFormat::Long) {
         _initNextIdIfNeeded(opCtx);
     }
 
@@ -1430,7 +1429,7 @@ void WiredTigerRecordStore::reclaimOplog(OperationContext* opCtx) {
 }
 
 void WiredTigerRecordStore::reclaimOplog(OperationContext* opCtx, Timestamp mayTruncateUpTo) {
-    invariant(!_isClustered);
+    invariant(_keyFormat == KeyFormat::Long);
 
     Timer timer;
     while (auto stone = _oplogStones->peekOldestStoneIfNeeded()) {
@@ -1558,7 +1557,7 @@ Status WiredTigerRecordStore::_insertRecords(OperationContext* opCtx,
     Record highestIdRecord;
     invariant(nRecords != 0);
 
-    if (!_isClustered) {
+    if (_keyFormat == KeyFormat::Long) {
         // Non-clustered record stores will extract the RecordId key for the oplog and generate
         // unique int64_t RecordId's for everything else.
         for (size_t i = 0; i < nRecords; i++) {
@@ -1649,7 +1648,7 @@ void WiredTigerRecordStore::notifyCappedWaitersIfNeeded() {
 StatusWith<Timestamp> WiredTigerRecordStore::getLatestOplogTimestamp(
     OperationContext* opCtx) const {
     invariant(_isOplog);
-    invariant(!_isClustered);
+    invariant(_keyFormat == KeyFormat::Long);
     dassert(opCtx->lockState()->isReadLocked());
 
     WiredTigerSessionCache* cache = WiredTigerRecoveryUnit::get(opCtx)->getSessionCache();
@@ -1672,7 +1671,7 @@ StatusWith<Timestamp> WiredTigerRecordStore::getLatestOplogTimestamp(
 
 StatusWith<Timestamp> WiredTigerRecordStore::getEarliestOplogTimestamp(OperationContext* opCtx) {
     invariant(_isOplog);
-    invariant(!_isClustered);
+    invariant(_keyFormat == KeyFormat::Long);
     dassert(opCtx->lockState()->isReadLocked());
 
     stdx::lock_guard<stdx::timed_mutex> lk(_cappedDeleterMutex);
@@ -2036,7 +2035,7 @@ void WiredTigerRecordStore::updateStatsAfterRepair(OperationContext* opCtx,
 void WiredTigerRecordStore::_initNextIdIfNeeded(OperationContext* opCtx) {
     // Clustered record stores do not generate unique ObjectId's for RecordId's as the expectation
     // is for the caller to set the RecordId using the server generated ObjectId.
-    invariant(!_isClustered);
+    invariant(_keyFormat == KeyFormat::Long);
 
     // In the normal case, this will already be initialized, so use a weak load. Since this value
     // will only change from 0 to a positive integer, the only risk is reading an outdated value, 0,
@@ -2066,7 +2065,7 @@ void WiredTigerRecordStore::_initNextIdIfNeeded(OperationContext* opCtx) {
 RecordId WiredTigerRecordStore::_nextId(OperationContext* opCtx) {
     // Clustered record stores do not generate unique ObjectId's for RecordId's as the expectation
     // is for the caller to set the RecordId using the server generated ObjectId.
-    invariant(!_isClustered);
+    invariant(_keyFormat == KeyFormat::Long);
     invariant(!_isOplog);
     _initNextIdIfNeeded(opCtx);
     RecordId out = RecordId(_nextIdNum.fetchAndAdd(1));
@@ -2485,7 +2484,7 @@ StandardWiredTigerRecordStore::StandardWiredTigerRecordStore(WiredTigerKVEngine*
     : WiredTigerRecordStore(kvEngine, opCtx, params) {}
 
 RecordId StandardWiredTigerRecordStore::getKey(WT_CURSOR* cursor) const {
-    if (_isClustered) {
+    if (_keyFormat == KeyFormat::String) {
         const char* oidBytes;
         invariantWTOK(cursor->get_key(cursor, &oidBytes));
         return RecordId(OID::from(oidBytes));
@@ -2497,7 +2496,7 @@ RecordId StandardWiredTigerRecordStore::getKey(WT_CURSOR* cursor) const {
 }
 
 void StandardWiredTigerRecordStore::setKey(WT_CURSOR* cursor, RecordId id) const {
-    if (_isClustered) {
+    if (_keyFormat == KeyFormat::String) {
         cursor->set_key(cursor, id.as<OID>().view().view());
     } else {
         cursor->set_key(cursor, id.as<int64_t>());
@@ -2529,7 +2528,7 @@ WiredTigerRecordStoreStandardCursor::WiredTigerRecordStoreStandardCursor(
     : WiredTigerRecordStoreCursorBase(opCtx, rs, forward) {}
 
 void WiredTigerRecordStoreStandardCursor::setKey(WT_CURSOR* cursor, RecordId id) const {
-    if (_rs.isClustered()) {
+    if (_rs.keyFormat() == KeyFormat::String) {
         cursor->set_key(cursor, id.as<OID>().view().view());
     } else {
         cursor->set_key(cursor, id.as<int64_t>());
@@ -2537,7 +2536,7 @@ void WiredTigerRecordStoreStandardCursor::setKey(WT_CURSOR* cursor, RecordId id)
 }
 
 RecordId WiredTigerRecordStoreStandardCursor::getKey(WT_CURSOR* cursor) const {
-    if (_rs.isClustered()) {
+    if (_rs.keyFormat() == KeyFormat::String) {
         const char* oidBytes;
         invariantWTOK(cursor->get_key(cursor, &oidBytes));
         return RecordId(OID::from(oidBytes));
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_record_store.h b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_record_store.h
index 82efd45ba07..bdf19060444 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_record_store.h
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_record_store.h
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public:
         std::string ident;
         std::string engineName;
         bool isCapped;
-        bool isClustered;
+        KeyFormat keyFormat;
         bool isEphemeral;
         int64_t cappedMaxSize;
         int64_t cappedMaxDocs;
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public:
     // name of the RecordStore implementation
     virtual const char* name() const;
 
-    virtual bool isClustered() const;
+    virtual KeyFormat keyFormat() const;
 
     virtual long long dataSize(OperationContext* opCtx) const;
 
@@ -355,8 +355,8 @@ private:
     const std::string _engineName;
     // The capped settings should not be updated once operations have started
     const bool _isCapped;
-    // True if this record store is clustered.
-    const bool _isClustered;
+    // The format of this RecordStore's RecordId keys.
+    const KeyFormat _keyFormat;
     // True if the storage engine is an in-memory storage engine
     const bool _isEphemeral;
     // True if WiredTiger is logging updates to this table
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_recovery_unit_test.cpp b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_recovery_unit_test.cpp
index d35e178ba6e..008653fe9ff 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_recovery_unit_test.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_recovery_unit_test.cpp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public:
         params.ident = ident;
         params.engineName = kWiredTigerEngineName;
         params.isCapped = false;
-        params.isClustered = NamespaceString(ns).isTimeseriesBucketsCollection();
+        params.keyFormat = KeyFormat::Long;
         params.isEphemeral = false;
         params.cappedMaxSize = -1;
         params.cappedMaxDocs = -1;
diff --git a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_standard_record_store_test.cpp b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_standard_record_store_test.cpp
index 10c518459d0..92b2848b80c 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_standard_record_store_test.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/storage/wiredtiger/wiredtiger_standard_record_store_test.cpp
@@ -90,18 +90,23 @@ public:
 
     ~WiredTigerHarnessHelper() {}
 
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore() {
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore() override {
         return newNonCappedRecordStore("a.b");
     }
 
     virtual std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore(const std::string& ns) {
+        return newNonCappedRecordStore(ns, CollectionOptions());
+    }
+
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<RecordStore> newNonCappedRecordStore(
+        const std::string& ns, const CollectionOptions& collOptions) override {
         WiredTigerRecoveryUnit* ru =
             checked_cast<WiredTigerRecoveryUnit*>(_engine.newRecoveryUnit());
         OperationContextNoop opCtx(ru);
         string uri = WiredTigerKVEngine::kTableUriPrefix + ns;
 
-        StatusWith<std::string> result = WiredTigerRecordStore::generateCreateString(
-            kWiredTigerEngineName, ns, CollectionOptions(), "");
+        StatusWith<std::string> result =
+            WiredTigerRecordStore::generateCreateString(kWiredTigerEngineName, ns, collOptions, "");
         ASSERT_TRUE(result.isOK());
         std::string config = result.getValue();
 
@@ -117,7 +122,7 @@ public:
         params.ident = ns;
         params.engineName = kWiredTigerEngineName;
         params.isCapped = false;
-        params.isClustered = NamespaceString(ns).isTimeseriesBucketsCollection();
+        params.keyFormat = collOptions.clusteredIndex ? KeyFormat::String : KeyFormat::Long;
         params.isEphemeral = false;
         params.cappedMaxSize = -1;
         params.cappedMaxDocs = -1;
@@ -165,7 +170,7 @@ public:
         params.ident = ident;
         params.engineName = kWiredTigerEngineName;
         params.isCapped = true;
-        params.isClustered = NamespaceString(ns).isTimeseriesBucketsCollection();
+        params.keyFormat = KeyFormat::Long;
         params.isEphemeral = false;
         params.cappedMaxSize = cappedMaxSize;
         params.cappedMaxDocs = cappedMaxDocs;
@@ -254,7 +259,7 @@ TEST(WiredTigerRecordStoreTest, SizeStorer1) {
         params.ident = ident;
         params.engineName = kWiredTigerEngineName;
         params.isCapped = false;
-        params.isClustered = false;
+        params.keyFormat = KeyFormat::Long;
         params.isEphemeral = false;
         params.cappedMaxSize = -1;
         params.cappedMaxDocs = -1;