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diff --git a/jstests/noPassthrough/hybrid_index_with_updates.js b/jstests/noPassthrough/hybrid_index_with_updates.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39d7868d93b
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+++ b/jstests/noPassthrough/hybrid_index_with_updates.js
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/**
+ * Tests that write operations are accepted and result in correct indexing behavior for each phase
+ * of hybrid index builds.
+ *
+ * @tags: [requires_document_locking]
+ */
+(function() {
+    "use strict";
+
+    load("jstests/libs/check_log.js");
+
+    let conn = MongoRunner.runMongod();
+    let testDB = conn.getDB('test');
+
+    let turnFailPointOn = function(failPointName, i) {
+        assert.commandWorked(testDB.adminCommand(
+            {configureFailPoint: failPointName, mode: "alwaysOn", data: {"i": i}}));
+    };
+
+    let turnFailPointOff = function(failPointName) {
+        assert.commandWorked(testDB.adminCommand({configureFailPoint: failPointName, mode: "off"}));
+    };
+
+    let totalDocs = 0;
+    let crudOpsForPhase = function(coll, phase) {
+        let bulk = coll.initializeUnorderedBulkOp();
+
+        // Create 1000 documents in a specific range for this phase.
+        for (let i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+            bulk.insert({i: (phase * 1000) + i});
+        }
+        totalDocs += 1000;
+
+        if (phase <= 0) {
+            assert.commandWorked(bulk.execute());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Update 50 documents.
+        // For example, if phase is 2, documents [100, 150) will be updated to [-100, -150).
+        let start = (phase - 1) * 100;
+        for (let j = start; j < (100 * phase) - 50; j++) {
+            bulk.find({i: j}).update({$set: {i: -j}});
+        }
+        // Delete 25 documents.
+        // Similarly, if phase is 2, documents [150, 200) will be removed.
+        for (let j = start + 50; j < 100 * phase; j++) {
+            bulk.find({i: j}).remove();
+        }
+        totalDocs -= 50;
+
+        assert.commandWorked(bulk.execute());
+    };
+
+    crudOpsForPhase(testDB.hybrid, 0);
+    assert.eq(totalDocs, testDB.hybrid.count());
+
+    // Hang the build after the first document.
+    let stopKey = 1;
+    turnFailPointOn("hangBeforeIndexBuildOf", stopKey);
+
+    // Start the background build.
+    let bgBuild = startParallelShell(function() {
+        assert.commandWorked(db.hybrid.createIndex({i: 1}, {background: true}));
+    }, conn.port);
+
+    checkLog.contains(conn, "Hanging before index build of i=" + stopKey);
+
+    // Phase 1: Collection scan and external sort
+    // Insert documents while doing the bulk build.
+    crudOpsForPhase(testDB.hybrid, 1);
+    assert.eq(totalDocs, testDB.hybrid.count());
+
+    // Enable pause after bulk dump into index.
+    turnFailPointOn("hangAfterIndexBuildDumpsInsertsFromBulk");
+
+    // Wait for the bulk insert to complete.
+    turnFailPointOff("hangBeforeIndexBuildOf");
+    checkLog.contains(conn, "Hanging after dumping inserts from bulk builder");
+
+    // Phase 2: First drain
+    // Do some updates, inserts and deletes after the bulk builder has finished.
+
+    // Enable pause after first drain.
+    turnFailPointOn("hangAfterIndexBuildFirstDrain");
+
+    crudOpsForPhase(testDB.hybrid, 2);
+    assert.eq(totalDocs, testDB.hybrid.count());
+
+    // Allow first drain to start.
+    turnFailPointOff("hangAfterIndexBuildDumpsInsertsFromBulk");
+
+    // Wait for first drain to finish.
+    checkLog.contains(conn, "Hanging after index build first drain");
+
+    // Phase 3: Second drain
+    // Enable pause after second drain.
+    turnFailPointOn("hangAfterIndexBuildSecondDrain");
+
+    // Add inserts that must be consumed in the second drain.
+    crudOpsForPhase(testDB.hybrid, 3);
+    assert.eq(totalDocs, testDB.hybrid.count());
+
+    // Allow second drain to start.
+    turnFailPointOff("hangAfterIndexBuildFirstDrain");
+
+    // Wait for second drain to finish.
+    checkLog.contains(conn, "Hanging after index build second drain");
+
+    // Phase 4: Final drain and commit.
+    // Add inserts that must be consumed in the final drain.
+    crudOpsForPhase(testDB.hybrid, 4);
+    assert.eq(totalDocs, testDB.hybrid.count());
+
+    // Allow final drain to start.
+    turnFailPointOff("hangAfterIndexBuildSecondDrain");
+
+    // Wait for build to complete.
+    bgBuild();
+
+    assert.eq(totalDocs, testDB.hybrid.count());
+    assert.commandWorked(testDB.hybrid.validate({full: true}));
+
+    MongoRunner.stopMongod(conn);
+})();