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-/* boost random/uniform_smallint.hpp header file
- *
- * Copyright Jens Maurer 2000-2001
- * Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
- * accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
- * http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
- *
- * See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
- *
- * $Id$
- *
- * Revision history
- * 2001-04-08 added min<max assertion (N. Becker)
- * 2001-02-18 moved to individual header files
- */
-
-#ifndef BOOST_RANDOM_UNIFORM_SMALLINT_HPP
-#define BOOST_RANDOM_UNIFORM_SMALLINT_HPP
-
-#include <istream>
-#include <iosfwd>
-#include <boost/assert.hpp>
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#include <boost/limits.hpp>
-#include <boost/type_traits/is_integral.hpp>
-#include <boost/random/detail/config.hpp>
-#include <boost/random/detail/operators.hpp>
-#include <boost/random/detail/signed_unsigned_tools.hpp>
-#include <boost/random/uniform_01.hpp>
-#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
-
-namespace boost {
-namespace random {
-
-// uniform integer distribution on a small range [min, max]
-
-/**
- * The distribution function uniform_smallint models a \random_distribution.
- * On each invocation, it returns a random integer value uniformly distributed
- * in the set of integer numbers {min, min+1, min+2, ..., max}. It assumes
- * that the desired range (max-min+1) is small compared to the range of the
- * underlying source of random numbers and thus makes no attempt to limit
- * quantization errors.
- *
- * Let \f$r_{\mathtt{out}} = (\mbox{max}-\mbox{min}+1)\f$ the desired range of
- * integer numbers, and
- * let \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ be the range of the underlying source of random
- * numbers. Then, for the uniform distribution, the theoretical probability
- * for any number i in the range \f$r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$ will be
- * \f$\displaystyle p_{\mathtt{out}}(i) = \frac{1}{r_{\mathtt{out}}}\f$.
- * Likewise, assume a uniform distribution on \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ for
- * the underlying source of random numbers, i.e.
- * \f$\displaystyle p_{\mathtt{base}}(i) = \frac{1}{r_{\mathtt{base}}}\f$.
- * Let \f$p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i)\f$ denote the random
- * distribution generated by @c uniform_smallint. Then the sum over all
- * i in \f$r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$ of
- * \f$\displaystyle
- * \left(\frac{p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i)}{p_{\mathtt{out}}(i)} - 1\right)^2\f$
- * shall not exceed
- * \f$\displaystyle \frac{r_{\mathtt{out}}}{r_{\mathtt{base}}^2}
- * (r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})
- * (r_{\mathtt{out}} - r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})\f$.
- *
- * The template parameter IntType shall denote an integer-like value type.
- *
- * @xmlnote
- * The property above is the square sum of the relative differences
- * in probabilities between the desired uniform distribution
- * \f$p_{\mathtt{out}}(i)\f$ and the generated distribution
- * \f$p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i)\f$.
- * The property can be fulfilled with the calculation
- * \f$(\mbox{base\_rng} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})\f$, as follows:
- * Let \f$r = r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$.
- * The base distribution on \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ is folded onto the
- * range \f$r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$. The numbers i < r have assigned
- * \f$\displaystyle
- * \left\lfloor\frac{r_{\mathtt{base}}}{r_{\mathtt{out}}}\right\rfloor+1\f$
- * numbers of the base distribution, the rest has only \f$\displaystyle
- * \left\lfloor\frac{r_{\mathtt{base}}}{r_{\mathtt{out}}}\right\rfloor\f$.
- * Therefore,
- * \f$\displaystyle p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i) =
- * \left(\left\lfloor\frac{r_{\mathtt{base}}}
- * {r_{\mathtt{out}}}\right\rfloor+1\right) /
- * r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ for i < r and \f$\displaystyle p_{\mathtt{out\_s}}(i) =
- * \left\lfloor\frac{r_{\mathtt{base}}}
- * {r_{\mathtt{out}}}\right\rfloor/r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ otherwise.
- * Substituting this in the
- * above sum formula leads to the desired result.
- * @endxmlnote
- *
- * Note: The upper bound for
- * \f$(r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})
- * (r_{\mathtt{out}} - r_{\mathtt{base}} \mbox{ mod } r_{\mathtt{out}})\f$ is
- * \f$\displaystyle \frac{r_{\mathtt{out}}^2}{4}\f$. Regarding the upper bound
- * for the square sum of the relative quantization error of
- * \f$\displaystyle \frac{r_\mathtt{out}^3}{4r_{\mathtt{base}}^2}\f$, it
- * seems wise to either choose \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ so that
- * \f$r_{\mathtt{base}} > 10r_{\mathtt{out}}^2\f$ or ensure that
- * \f$r_{\mathtt{base}}\f$ is
- * divisible by \f$r_{\mathtt{out}}\f$.
- */
-template<class IntType = int>
-class uniform_smallint
-{
-public:
- typedef IntType input_type;
- typedef IntType result_type;
-
- class param_type
- {
- public:
-
- typedef uniform_smallint distribution_type;
-
- /** constructs the parameters of a @c uniform_smallint distribution. */
- param_type(IntType min_arg = 0, IntType max_arg = 9)
- : _min(min_arg), _max(max_arg)
- {
- BOOST_ASSERT(_min <= _max);
- }
-
- /** Returns the minimum value. */
- IntType a() const { return _min; }
- /** Returns the maximum value. */
- IntType b() const { return _max; }
-
-
- /** Writes the parameters to a @c std::ostream. */
- BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_OSTREAM_OPERATOR(os, param_type, parm)
- {
- os << parm._min << " " << parm._max;
- return os;
- }
-
- /** Reads the parameters from a @c std::istream. */
- BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_ISTREAM_OPERATOR(is, param_type, parm)
- {
- is >> parm._min >> std::ws >> parm._max;
- return is;
- }
-
- /** Returns true if the two sets of parameters are equal. */
- BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_EQUALITY_OPERATOR(param_type, lhs, rhs)
- { return lhs._min == rhs._min && lhs._max == rhs._max; }
-
- /** Returns true if the two sets of parameters are different. */
- BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_INEQUALITY_OPERATOR(param_type)
-
- private:
- IntType _min;
- IntType _max;
- };
-
- /**
- * Constructs a @c uniform_smallint. @c min and @c max are the
- * lower and upper bounds of the output range, respectively.
- */
- explicit uniform_smallint(IntType min_arg = 0, IntType max_arg = 9)
- : _min(min_arg), _max(max_arg) {}
-
- /**
- * Constructs a @c uniform_smallint from its parameters.
- */
- explicit uniform_smallint(const param_type& parm)
- : _min(parm.a()), _max(parm.b()) {}
-
- /** Returns the minimum value of the distribution. */
- result_type a() const { return _min; }
- /** Returns the maximum value of the distribution. */
- result_type b() const { return _max; }
- /** Returns the minimum value of the distribution. */
- result_type min BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION () const { return _min; }
- /** Returns the maximum value of the distribution. */
- result_type max BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION () const { return _max; }
-
- /** Returns the parameters of the distribution. */
- param_type param() const { return param_type(_min, _max); }
- /** Sets the parameters of the distribution. */
- void param(const param_type& parm)
- {
- _min = parm.a();
- _max = parm.b();
- }
-
- /**
- * Effects: Subsequent uses of the distribution do not depend
- * on values produced by any engine prior to invoking reset.
- */
- void reset() { }
-
- /** Returns a value uniformly distributed in the range [min(), max()]. */
- template<class Engine>
- result_type operator()(Engine& eng) const
- {
- typedef typename Engine::result_type base_result;
- return generate(eng, boost::is_integral<base_result>());
- }
-
- /** Returns a value uniformly distributed in the range [param.a(), param.b()]. */
- template<class Engine>
- result_type operator()(Engine& eng, const param_type& parm) const
- { return uniform_smallint(parm)(eng); }
-
- /** Writes the distribution to a @c std::ostream. */
- BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_OSTREAM_OPERATOR(os, uniform_smallint, ud)
- {
- os << ud._min << " " << ud._max;
- return os;
- }
-
- /** Reads the distribution from a @c std::istream. */
- BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_ISTREAM_OPERATOR(is, uniform_smallint, ud)
- {
- is >> ud._min >> std::ws >> ud._max;
- return is;
- }
-
- /**
- * Returns true if the two distributions will produce identical
- * sequences of values given equal generators.
- */
- BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_EQUALITY_OPERATOR(uniform_smallint, lhs, rhs)
- { return lhs._min == rhs._min && lhs._max == rhs._max; }
-
- /**
- * Returns true if the two distributions may produce different
- * sequences of values given equal generators.
- */
- BOOST_RANDOM_DETAIL_INEQUALITY_OPERATOR(uniform_smallint)
-
-private:
-
- // \cond show_private
- template<class Engine>
- result_type generate(Engine& eng, boost::mpl::true_) const
- {
- // equivalent to (eng() - eng.min()) % (_max - _min + 1) + _min,
- // but guarantees no overflow.
- typedef typename Engine::result_type base_result;
- typedef typename boost::make_unsigned<base_result>::type base_unsigned;
- typedef typename boost::make_unsigned<result_type>::type range_type;
- range_type range = random::detail::subtract<result_type>()(_max, _min);
- base_unsigned base_range =
- random::detail::subtract<result_type>()((eng.max)(), (eng.min)());
- base_unsigned val =
- random::detail::subtract<base_result>()(eng(), (eng.min)());
- if(range >= base_range) {
- return boost::random::detail::add<range_type, result_type>()(
- static_cast<range_type>(val), _min);
- } else {
- base_unsigned modulus = static_cast<base_unsigned>(range) + 1;
- return boost::random::detail::add<range_type, result_type>()(
- static_cast<range_type>(val % modulus), _min);
- }
- }
-
- template<class Engine>
- result_type generate(Engine& eng, boost::mpl::false_) const
- {
- typedef typename Engine::result_type base_result;
- typedef typename boost::make_unsigned<result_type>::type range_type;
- range_type range = random::detail::subtract<result_type>()(_max, _min);
- base_result val = boost::uniform_01<base_result>()(eng);
- // what is the worst that can possibly happen here?
- // base_result may not be able to represent all the values in [0, range]
- // exactly. If this happens, it will cause round off error and we
- // won't be able to produce all the values in the range. We don't
- // care about this because the user has already told us not to by
- // using uniform_smallint. However, we do need to be careful
- // to clamp the result, or floating point rounding can produce
- // an out of range result.
- range_type offset = static_cast<range_type>(val * (static_cast<base_result>(range) + 1));
- if(offset > range) return _max;
- return boost::random::detail::add<range_type, result_type>()(offset , _min);
- }
- // \endcond
-
- result_type _min;
- result_type _max;
-};
-
-} // namespace random
-
-using random::uniform_smallint;
-
-} // namespace boost
-
-#endif // BOOST_RANDOM_UNIFORM_SMALLINT_HPP