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-// (C) Copyright John Maddock 2006.
-// Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
-// Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
-// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
-
-//
-// This is not a complete header file, it is included by gamma.hpp
-// after it has defined it's definitions. This inverts the incomplete
-// gamma functions P and Q on the first parameter "a" using a generic
-// root finding algorithm (TOMS Algorithm 748).
-//
-
-#ifndef BOOST_MATH_SP_DETAIL_GAMMA_INVA
-#define BOOST_MATH_SP_DETAIL_GAMMA_INVA
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma once
-#endif
-
-#include <boost/math/tools/toms748_solve.hpp>
-#include <boost/cstdint.hpp>
-
-namespace boost{ namespace math{ namespace detail{
-
-template <class T, class Policy>
-struct gamma_inva_t
-{
- gamma_inva_t(T z_, T p_, bool invert_) : z(z_), p(p_), invert(invert_) {}
- T operator()(T a)
- {
- return invert ? p - boost::math::gamma_q(a, z, Policy()) : boost::math::gamma_p(a, z, Policy()) - p;
- }
-private:
- T z, p;
- bool invert;
-};
-
-template <class T, class Policy>
-T inverse_poisson_cornish_fisher(T lambda, T p, T q, const Policy& pol)
-{
- BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
- // mean:
- T m = lambda;
- // standard deviation:
- T sigma = sqrt(lambda);
- // skewness
- T sk = 1 / sigma;
- // kurtosis:
- // T k = 1/lambda;
- // Get the inverse of a std normal distribution:
- T x = boost::math::erfc_inv(p > q ? 2 * q : 2 * p, pol) * constants::root_two<T>();
- // Set the sign:
- if(p < 0.5)
- x = -x;
- T x2 = x * x;
- // w is correction term due to skewness
- T w = x + sk * (x2 - 1) / 6;
- /*
- // Add on correction due to kurtosis.
- // Disabled for now, seems to make things worse?
- //
- if(lambda >= 10)
- w += k * x * (x2 - 3) / 24 + sk * sk * x * (2 * x2 - 5) / -36;
- */
- w = m + sigma * w;
- return w > tools::min_value<T>() ? w : tools::min_value<T>();
-}
-
-template <class T, class Policy>
-T gamma_inva_imp(const T& z, const T& p, const T& q, const Policy& pol)
-{
- BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // for ADL of std lib math functions
- //
- // Special cases first:
- //
- if(p == 0)
- {
- return policies::raise_overflow_error<T>("boost::math::gamma_p_inva<%1%>(%1%, %1%)", 0, Policy());
- }
- if(q == 0)
- {
- return tools::min_value<T>();
- }
- //
- // Function object, this is the functor whose root
- // we have to solve:
- //
- gamma_inva_t<T, Policy> f(z, (p < q) ? p : q, (p < q) ? false : true);
- //
- // Tolerance: full precision.
- //
- tools::eps_tolerance<T> tol(policies::digits<T, Policy>());
- //
- // Now figure out a starting guess for what a may be,
- // we'll start out with a value that'll put p or q
- // right bang in the middle of their range, the functions
- // are quite sensitive so we should need too many steps
- // to bracket the root from there:
- //
- T guess;
- T factor = 8;
- if(z >= 1)
- {
- //
- // We can use the relationship between the incomplete
- // gamma function and the poisson distribution to
- // calculate an approximate inverse, for large z
- // this is actually pretty accurate, but it fails badly
- // when z is very small. Also set our step-factor according
- // to how accurate we think the result is likely to be:
- //
- guess = 1 + inverse_poisson_cornish_fisher(z, q, p, pol);
- if(z > 5)
- {
- if(z > 1000)
- factor = 1.01f;
- else if(z > 50)
- factor = 1.1f;
- else if(guess > 10)
- factor = 1.25f;
- else
- factor = 2;
- if(guess < 1.1)
- factor = 8;
- }
- }
- else if(z > 0.5)
- {
- guess = z * 1.2f;
- }
- else
- {
- guess = -0.4f / log(z);
- }
- //
- // Max iterations permitted:
- //
- boost::uintmax_t max_iter = policies::get_max_root_iterations<Policy>();
- //
- // Use our generic derivative-free root finding procedure.
- // We could use Newton steps here, taking the PDF of the
- // Poisson distribution as our derivative, but that's
- // even worse performance-wise than the generic method :-(
- //
- std::pair<T, T> r = bracket_and_solve_root(f, guess, factor, false, tol, max_iter, pol);
- if(max_iter >= policies::get_max_root_iterations<Policy>())
- return policies::raise_evaluation_error<T>("boost::math::gamma_p_inva<%1%>(%1%, %1%)", "Unable to locate the root within a reasonable number of iterations, closest approximation so far was %1%", r.first, pol);
- return (r.first + r.second) / 2;
-}
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class Policy>
-inline typename tools::promote_args<T1, T2>::type
- gamma_p_inva(T1 x, T2 p, const Policy& pol)
-{
- typedef typename tools::promote_args<T1, T2>::type result_type;
- typedef typename policies::evaluation<result_type, Policy>::type value_type;
- typedef typename policies::normalise<
- Policy,
- policies::promote_float<false>,
- policies::promote_double<false>,
- policies::discrete_quantile<>,
- policies::assert_undefined<> >::type forwarding_policy;
-
- if(p == 0)
- {
- policies::raise_overflow_error<result_type>("boost::math::gamma_p_inva<%1%>(%1%, %1%)", 0, Policy());
- }
- if(p == 1)
- {
- return tools::min_value<result_type>();
- }
-
- return policies::checked_narrowing_cast<result_type, forwarding_policy>(
- detail::gamma_inva_imp(
- static_cast<value_type>(x),
- static_cast<value_type>(p),
- static_cast<value_type>(1 - static_cast<value_type>(p)),
- pol), "boost::math::gamma_p_inva<%1%>(%1%, %1%)");
-}
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class Policy>
-inline typename tools::promote_args<T1, T2>::type
- gamma_q_inva(T1 x, T2 q, const Policy& pol)
-{
- typedef typename tools::promote_args<T1, T2>::type result_type;
- typedef typename policies::evaluation<result_type, Policy>::type value_type;
- typedef typename policies::normalise<
- Policy,
- policies::promote_float<false>,
- policies::promote_double<false>,
- policies::discrete_quantile<>,
- policies::assert_undefined<> >::type forwarding_policy;
-
- if(q == 1)
- {
- policies::raise_overflow_error<result_type>("boost::math::gamma_q_inva<%1%>(%1%, %1%)", 0, Policy());
- }
- if(q == 0)
- {
- return tools::min_value<result_type>();
- }
-
- return policies::checked_narrowing_cast<result_type, forwarding_policy>(
- detail::gamma_inva_imp(
- static_cast<value_type>(x),
- static_cast<value_type>(1 - static_cast<value_type>(q)),
- static_cast<value_type>(q),
- pol), "boost::math::gamma_q_inva<%1%>(%1%, %1%)");
-}
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-inline typename tools::promote_args<T1, T2>::type
- gamma_p_inva(T1 x, T2 p)
-{
- return boost::math::gamma_p_inva(x, p, policies::policy<>());
-}
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-inline typename tools::promote_args<T1, T2>::type
- gamma_q_inva(T1 x, T2 q)
-{
- return boost::math::gamma_q_inva(x, q, policies::policy<>());
-}
-
-} // namespace math
-} // namespace boost
-
-#endif // BOOST_MATH_SP_DETAIL_GAMMA_INVA
-
-
-