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diff --git a/user-guide/C/sgml/chapter-1.sgml b/user-guide/C/sgml/chapter-1.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a512d2fba --- /dev/null +++ b/user-guide/C/sgml/chapter-1.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,995 @@ +<chapter id="ch1">
+ <title>File Management</title>
+
+
+ <para>
+ This chapter presents the basic elements of the
+ Nautilus file manager, and its basic file functions
+ and features. Nautilus is designed to make file
+ management transparent and intuitive-and, in
+ the process, more productive.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Chapter One is presented in five sections:
+ <itemizedlist>
+
+ <listitem><para>
+ Launching Nautilus
+ </para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>
+ Nautilus Elements
+ </para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>
+ Navigating and Viewing Your System
+ </para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>
+ Navigating the Network
+ </para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>
+ Manipulating Files
+ </para></listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </para>
+
+
+
+ <sect1 id="ch1-launching">
+ <title>Launching Nautilus</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Nautilus can be launched from three locations:
+ from the GNOME main menu, where the Nautilus
+ menu item can be found under Applications; from
+ the GNOME desktop itself; or from the Panel.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Nautilus Icon</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-nautiluslogo" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ If you wish to put the Nautilus icon (Figure 1), on
+ your desktop, select the Nautilus menu item and,
+ holding down the left mouse button, drag it to the
+ desktop.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Probably the easiest way to launch Nautilus is
+ from the GNOME panel (Figure 2). To place the
+ icon there, drag the menu item, as above, to an
+ empty space on the panel at the bottom of the
+ screen. This method has the advantage of speed:
+ the panel is nearly always present, and is at most
+ only a click away. The icon itself needs only one
+ click to launch Nautilus.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>The Nautilus Icon on the Panel, between Netscape and the Pager</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-panel" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ To launch Nautilus, click once on the menu item,
+ or panel icon, or twice on the desktop icon.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="ch1-elements">
+ <title>Nautilus Elements</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The major elements of the Nautilus file manager
+ include, in the upper part, the menu bar, tool bar
+ and location bar, and below, the sidebar and the
+ main window (Figure 3).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The menu bar is used to access the pull-down
+ menus, which are the most complete source of
+ Nautilus tools and features. The tool bar provides
+ quick access to Nautilus most common
+ navigation and search tools, and Eazel Services.
+ The location bar displays system directory
+ location, LAN location, and Internet location-
+ depending on where Nautilus is looking at the
+ given moment.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The main window is the main viewing area for the
+ systems directories and files, as well as the area
+ where directories and files are generally manipu-
+ lated. It is capable of showing files in several
+ formats, and includes file information such as
+ size, type, and date last modified.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Main Nautilus Elements</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-icon-view-demo" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ The sidebar provides a tree view of directories
+ and sub-directories, as well as a history view
+ (recently viewed files and directories), and a
+ variety of Linux help documents.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="ch1-navigation">
+ <title>Navigating and Viewing The System</title>
+
+
+ <para>
+ Nautilus offers several methods to navigate the
+ system. Typing a directory address into the
+ location bar will point Nautilus toward that
+ location. The directional arrows on the tool bar
+ provide a simpler method to navigate back,
+ forward, and up through the system: they function
+ exactly as in a browser. Clicking on a directory
+ icon in the main window will open that directory.
+ Finally, clicking the collapsible branches of the
+ sidebars tree view allows the user to graphically
+ view and navigate the directory tree.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The file manager minimizes the necessity of
+ opening applications by identifying many file
+ types graphically. Viewer components allow
+ several common document types to be displayed
+ without launching a separate application, and a
+ zoom feature provides one-click zooming in and
+ out in the main window. Sound files in certain
+ common formats can even be previewed by
+ simply passing the mouse over the file icon.
+ </para>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-navigation-hardware">
+ <title>The Initial Screen and Hardware Overview</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The first screen to appear (Figure 4), shows the
+ contents of your home directory (note: the first screen
+ will be the Nautilus sub-directory if the Beginner mode was
+ selected). In this example,
+ the user has logged in under their own name-
+ John-so the home directory is /home/john.
+ Linux follows the UNIX convention for home
+ directories: if the user had logged in as Susan, the
+ home directory would be /home/susan; when
+ logged in as the root user, the home directory is root.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The file manager identifies this directory in two
+ ways: as a traditional command line directory
+ address in the location bar, and as a captioned
+ folder icon in the sidebar.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>The Start Screen</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-icon-view-150" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ Among the contents of the screen are a Nautilus
+ folder. This folder, when clicked, takes the user to
+ /home/john/Nautilus, Figure 5. Among the
+ contents of the folder are: a small HTML file
+ containing information about Nautilus; a services
+ icon which, when double-clicked, takes you
+ directly to Eazel Services (covered in Chapter
+ Three), and a computer icon which leads to a
+ Hardware Overview of your system, Figure 6.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>The Contents of /home/john/Nautilus, with the Computer and
+ Services Icons.</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-home" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ The hardware overview shows the details of the
+ computers central processor unit, including the
+ manufacturer, the model, the calculated speed in
+ MHz and the cache size. It also shows the amount
+ of system RAM, and the models of the hard
+ drive(s) and CD player.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Hardware Overview, Showing an AMD Processor and 55MB of RAM</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-hardware" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-navigation-refresh">
+ <title>Using the Navigation, Refresh and Home Buttons</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The navigation buttons on the left side of the tool
+ bar-Back, Forward, Up, Refresh and Home-are
+ used in a similar way to the navigation buttons on
+ a web browser (Figure 7).
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Navigation Arrows on the Tool Bar</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-toolbar" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ The three left-most buttons allow navigation
+ through the file system by both time and
+ direction.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The back and forward buttons allow the user to
+ revisit directories and files which the user has
+ already accessed during the current session. This
+ is navigation through time. The previous example
+ illustrates this: clicking on the back button from
+ the hardware overview screen will take the user
+ back to the /home/john screen, but once there,
+ the back button will be dimmed out: there is no
+ further back in time to go in this session.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Similarly, clicking the forward button at this point
+ would take the user once again to the /home/
+ john/Nautilus screen.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The up button navigates upward through the
+ directory hierarchy. This is navigation by
+ direction. As an example, in the previous section
+ it is impossible-solely with the back button-to
+ go up through the file system further than /home/
+ john. However, by clicking the up button, the user
+ can navigate first to /home, and then all the way
+ to /.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Clicking the refresh button refreshes the view of
+ the current directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The home button will always take the user to the
+ current sessions home directory. If the user has
+ logged on as root, then the home button, when
+ clicked, will open /root. If the user has logged on
+ as Laura, the directory opened will be /home/
+ laura. Note: if the user is running in Beginner mode,
+ clicking the home button will open the Nautilus sub-directory.
+ This is, as are so many features in
+ Nautilus, customizable-see Chapter Two.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-navigation-icons-list">
+ <title>Viewing as Icons, or as a List</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Although directories and files are by default
+ viewed, in the main window, as icons, there is
+ some advantage to viewing them as a list. At a
+ normal magnification level, more information will
+ be displayed in list view, such as the files type
+ and modification date. To change the view style,
+ click on the View as Icons button, to the bottom-right
+ of the tool bar (Figure 8), and choose List.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>View as Icons Button</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-view-as" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ The list view still includes representative icons,
+ but the extra space used by the extra description
+ means the icons must be minimized. The Date
+ Modified column is particularly clear, with
+ descriptive terms used where the latest modifi-
+ cation of the file or directory is within the last
+ week (Figure 9).
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>List View, with Descriptive Dates under Date Modified</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-list-mydoc" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+
+ </sect2>
+
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-navigation-tree">
+ <title>Using Tree View in the Sidebar</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Tree view refers to a collapsible list of directories,
+ sub-directories and files. In Nautilus, it is
+ available in the sidebar. The advantage of tree
+ view is that it allows the user to clearly observe
+ the directory structure at a glance, thus simplifying
+ directory and file administration.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To activate tree view, click the Tree tab at the
+ bottom of the sidebar screen. At first, the tree
+ may be collapsed, showing a single folder (Figure
+ 10).
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Collapsed Tree View at Root</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-tree-slash" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ To expand the directory structure, click once on
+ the right arrow pointing toward the folder. The
+ arrow will immediately point down, and the root
+ directories appear in the sidebar. Clicking any
+ sub-directory arrow will expand that sub-
+ directory, but not automatically expand the view
+ in the main window. Notice in Figure 11 that
+ although the tree in the sidebar is expanded to /T/
+ ARCHIVE/Redhat/ETC, the main window and
+ the location bar are still showing the folders
+ within /home/john.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ (Also notice that, when necessary, vertical and
+ horizontal scroll bars appear automatically on the
+ sidebar panels).
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Different Views and Different Directories in Different Panels: Tree
+ View of /T/ARCHIVE/Redhat/ETC on the Left, Icon View of /home/john
+ on the Right.</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-home-john" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ To synchronize the displays-that is, to display
+ the contents of the same directory in both the
+ sidebar and the main window-simply click on
+ the desired folder icon in the sidebars tree view
+ (Figure 12). In this illustration, the user has
+ clicked on the icon representing the directory
+ /demo in the sidebar. Both the location bar and
+ the main window now reflect this location, with
+ the main window displaying the contents of the
+ demo directory in icon view.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Different Views but Identical Directories: Tree View of /demo on
+ the Left, Icon View of /demo on the Right.</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-tree-demo" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ Exploring the directory tree within the sidebar
+ alone is usually faster than exploring it within the
+ main window. To expand directories without
+ updating the main window, click on the small
+ right arrows in tree view. In the example shown in
+ Figure 13, the /etc directory has been expanded,
+ as has the /X11 subdirectory. Beneath that are
+ several more subdirectories, and the XF86Config
+ file, which configures the X server.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Expanded Directories in Tree View</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-tree-etc" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ There may be times when the directory tree is so
+ expanded, the user may lose sight of the upper
+ branches. In such a situation, the user can either
+ scroll with the horizontal scroll bar at the bottom
+ of the sidebar, or, by holding down the left mouse
+ button, enlarge the sidebar by dragging its right-
+ hand edge into the main window area.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-navigation-zooming">
+ <title>Zooming in the Main Window</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In a screen crowded with directory and file icons,
+ the user may wish to zoom in to confirm a file
+ name or type. The zoom feature enables this
+ within the main window.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Figure 14 is an example of a screen crowded with
+ icons; it is the doc sub-directory containing the
+ XFree86 server documentation for various
+ graphics cards.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>A Cluttered Main Window</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-tree-doc-1" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ Somewhere in the window is the README file
+ for the Chips & Technology graphics card. To use
+ the zoom feature to find this more easily, the user
+ simply clicks on the + sign of the zoom control
+ to the right of the location bar (Figure 15).
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>The Zoom Control</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-zoom-control" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ The result-shown in Figure 16, after two clicks
+ on the + sign, bringing magnification up to
+ 150%-is a far more easily read display, with the
+ various graphics card types clearly identifiable.
+ The Chips & Technology README file is on the
+ left. This example also shows how greater magnification
+ leads to more file and directory information displayed.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>The View Enlarged to 150%</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-tree-doc" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ There may be times, especially on computers with
+ large displays, when, instead of using the vertical
+ scroll bar to find a file or directory, it may be
+ faster to zoom out, and view a larger area. To do
+ this, click on the minus sign to the left of the plus
+ sign.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-navigation-viewing">
+ <title>Viewing and Opening Files Within Nautilus</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Certain common file types can be identified, read,
+ or, in the case of music files, heard, from within
+ Nautilus, without having to open the files application.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Graphics files of many common types are represented as thumbnails--realistic iconic representations of their content. To inspect them more closely, without opening their related application,
+ the user can enlarge them using the zoom feature.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Other types of files use different viewing
+ methods. Many text files can be read just by
+ clicking on them once in the main window. This is
+ both faster than opening up a separate console, or
+ application, and it also uses fewer system
+ resources. Figure 17 shows an example using the
+ README.chips file.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Displaying a README Text File in the Main Window</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-README" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ Common types of music files can be heard via
+ your computers sound system by simply hovering
+ over the files icon with the mouse. For more
+ control, the view button to the right of the
+ location bar can be set to View as Music. The
+ main window will display the music files only, by
+ track, title, artist, bitrate and time, and also show
+ a button-activated music player (Figure 18).
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Music Player and an MP3 File</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-music-control" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ Table 1 lists file types that can be viewed, or
+ listened to, within Nautilus, without the necessity
+ of opening their normal applications.
+ </para>
+
+ <table frame="all">
+ <title></title>
+ <tgroup cols="2">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>View</entry>
+ <entry>File Types</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Icon/entry</entry>
+ <entry>Files and Folders</entry>
+ </row>
+
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>List</entry>
+ <entry>Files and Folders</entry>
+ </row>
+
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Music</entry>
+ <entry>MP3</entry>
+ </row>
+
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Web Page</entry>
+ <entry>HTML, including MAN pages, info pages and DocBook SGML</entry>
+ </row>
+
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Text</entry>
+ <entry>ASCII Text Files and HTML source</entry>
+ </row>
+
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Image</entry>
+ <entry>JPEG, PNG, etc.</entry>
+ </row>
+
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Package</entry>
+ <entry>RPM Packages</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-navigation-launching-apps">
+ <title>Launching Applications within Nautilus</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Files can be opened, edited, and saved by
+ launching their applications from within Nautilus.
+ This is accomplished by positioning the mouse
+ over the file, and clicking the right button. In the
+ menu that appears, clicking on Open With
+ brings up a sub-menu of application choices, from
+ which the user can choose. Figure 19 shows an
+ example, where a graphics file has been selected
+ and opened with The Gimp.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Opening a Graphic File by Launching its Application from within
+ Nautilus</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-open-with" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+
+ <sect1 id="ch1-network">
+ <title>Navigating the Network</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Nautilus has full network capability, both on the
+ LAN and on the Internet. It can connect to FTP
+ and web servers, local and remote, and to
+ mounted Samba shares.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Nautilus unique design includes elements of a
+ web browser as well as a traditional file manager.
+ As a result, Nautilus can browse the web, and
+ also graphically browse the machines of a typical
+ mixed corporate LAN running a combination of
+ Windows, Linux and UNIX machines.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Nautilus primary methods of connection are
+ shown in Figure 20.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Methods of Connection in a Mixed Environment</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-connect" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-network-ftp">
+ <title>Navigating the LAN via FTP</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Nautilus connects to a mixed LAN via local FTP
+ and mounted Samba shares.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To connect to a local Linux or UNIX FTP server,
+ type in the complete host name of that
+ machine in the location bar. As an example, to
+ connect to a machine called toshiba.jpl, the user
+ would type:
+<programlisting>
+ftp://toshiba.jpl
+</programlisting>
+ and hit Enter. In Figure 21, the user has logged in
+ anonymously to the /home/ftp directory of
+ toshiba.jpl.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>FTP login to a Linux Machine on the LAN</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-slash" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ In this example, red emblems signifying read and
+ write protected folders appear in the main
+ windows. This confirms the anonymous login. An
+ attempt to view the contents of a read protected
+ folder, for example, /bin, results in the screen
+ shown in Figure 22.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Inadequate Permissions</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-inadequate-permissions" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-network-samba">
+ <title>Navigating the LAN via Samba</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To connect to a Windows machine on the LAN,
+ the user must first be running Samba and have
+ configured the Windows machine, and must
+ finally have mounted the Samba mountpoint on
+ the host machine.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once configured, typing in the mountpoint in the
+ location bar reveals the directories and files on
+ the Windows machine. In the example in Figure
+ 23, the user has navigated to the /samba
+ directory on the Windows machine accessed
+ through the HP mountpoint.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Accessing a Windows Machine on a Mixed LAN, via a Samba
+ Mountpoint</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-samba" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-network-internet">
+ <title>Navigating the Internet</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Nautilus connects to the Internet in the same way
+ as a web browser. Both FTP sites and web sites
+ are accessed by simply typing the URL into the
+ location bar. Figure 24 gives an illustration, the
+ users having connected to www.cnn.com.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Nautilus as Web Browser</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-cnn" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-network-history">
+ <title>The Sidebar History and Bookmarks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When viewing the web, the navigation tools on
+ the tool bar function as they do on any browser. In
+ addition, both the History tab at the bottom of the
+ sidebar, and the Go drop-down menu, provide a
+ session history of local and remote accesses
+ (Figure 25).
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>The Sidebar History and Go Menu</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-history" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ Bookmarks can also lead to local and remote
+ machines, Samba shares and web sites. They are
+ found by clicking on Bookmarks on the menu bar,
+ where the menu items for adding and editing
+ bookmarks are also located.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="ch1-files">
+ <title>Manipulating Files</title>
+
+ <para>Manipulating directories and files is one of the
+ most basic of all file manager features. Nautilus
+ can be used to graphically move, copy, duplicate,
+ rename and delete files, and to create new and
+ rename existing directories. It can also be used as
+ a search engine, on the local machine, the LAN,
+ and the web. Finally, in Nautilus the user can
+ graphically change a files permissions-a great
+ advance over the command line CHMOD method.
+ </para>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-files-moving">
+ <title>Moving and Copying Files</title>
+
+ <para>
+ These two file management activities are
+ performed by opening two Nautilus windows, one
+ for the source location and one for the destination.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Open a new Nautilus window by clicking on File
+ on the menu bar, and choosing the first menu
+ item: New Window (Figure 26).
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Opening a New Window in Nautilus</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-new-window" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+
+ <para>
+ To move a file, simply drag it from the source
+ window to the destination window, with the left
+ mouse button depressed. For options, drag the file
+ with the right mouse button: this gives the choices
+ of either moving or copying the file, or of
+ creating a link.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ An example of a successful file copy operation is
+ shown in Figure 27. The pluck.wav file has been
+ copied from the /home/john directory (the
+ source), in the lower-right Nautilus window, to
+ the /home/john/music directory, in the upper-left
+ Nautilus window.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>The Successful Copy of a File from /home/john to /home/john/
+ music</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-pluck" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-files-duplicating">
+ <title>Duplicating, Renaming and Deleting Files, and Creating
+ Directories</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Duplicating a file is accomplished by either
+ clicking on the file with the right mouse button,
+ and selecting Duplicate, or by first selecting the
+ file and then selecting Duplicate from the File
+ pull-down menu on the menu bar (Figure 28).
+ Notice in the illustration that the duplicate file is
+ identified by the tag (copy) next to the file name.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Successful Duplication of the testement.jpg File</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-duplicate" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+
+ <para>
+ Renaming a file is accomplished in a similar
+ manner. Choose the same menu by either means,
+ and click on Rename. Then simply type the new
+ name into the file caption.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Deleting a file, in Nautilus, means moving it to
+ the trash folder which Nautilus creates upon
+ installation. A file may be deleted either by
+ dragging and dropping it into the trash folder, or
+ by selecting the file, opening the same menu as
+ above, and choosing Move to Trash.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Note that moving a file to the trash folder does
+ not delete it from the system. It is still available,
+ and can still be retrieved, in case the user has
+ trashed it mistakenly. Permanent file deletion is
+ accomplished by clicking the Empty Trash item in
+ the File menu.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A new subdirectory can be created (and/or
+ renamed), anywhere in the directory tree, by
+ selecting the parent directory and then pulling
+ down the File menu from the menu bar. Click on
+ New Folder, and the new subdirectory is created.
+ Just type in the name and hit the Enter key.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="ch1-files-find-search">
+ <title>File Find and Web Search</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Nautilus' two search features, found on the tool
+ bar, enable the user both to find files on the local
+ machine and on mounted Samba shares, and to
+ locate information on the web.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To search for a file either locally or on a Samba
+ LAN, click the Find button on the tool bar, and
+ type in the name of the desired file. Then click
+ the Find Them button.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This is the simplest form of file search, but by
+ clicking the More Options button-several
+ times-no fewer than seven search variables
+ become available. Each variable in turn has its
+ own set of constraints. In this way it is possible to
+ narrow down, or refine a search very precisely
+ (Figure 29).
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>File Searching Expanded to the Maximum Degree Possible</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-complex-search" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ To search for information on the web, click on
+ the Web Search button on the tool bar. Nautilus is
+ transformed into a web browser, and Google is
+ presented in the main window (Figure 30).
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>The Google Search Engine, Launched from within Nautilus.</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-google" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Changing File Permissions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To change a file's permissions, click with the
+ right mouse button on the file, and choose Show
+ Properties from the menu. The dialog box which
+ appears has three tabs. Choose the one labelled:
+ Permissions (Figure 31). Both the file's owner
+ and group settings can be changed, as can the
+ read, write, and execute permissions for each setting.
+ The text view and numeric view of the result
+ are automatically updated at the bottom of the box.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Changing File Permissions Graphically</title>
+ <graphic fileref="ch1-permissions" scale="50"></graphic>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Getting Help</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This Users Manual is available from both the
+ Help item on the menu bar, and from the Help
+ Contents tab at the bottom of the sidebar.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In addition to this manual, the Help Contents tab
+ provides easy access to many other Linux help
+ files in several different formats.
+ </para>
+
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+
+</chapter>
+
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