1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
|
<!--
****************************************************************************
* Copyright 2019,2020 Thomas E. Dickey *
* Copyright 2001-2015,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
* *
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
* distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
* *
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
* in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
* *
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
* OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
* DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
* OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
* THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
* *
* Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
* holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
* sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
* authorization. *
****************************************************************************
* @Id: curs_add_wch.3x,v 1.28 2020/10/17 23:10:38 tom Exp @
-->
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<meta name="generator" content="Manpage converted by man2html - see https://invisible-island.net/scripts/readme.html#others_scripts">
<TITLE>curs_add_wch 3x</TITLE>
<link rel="author" href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1 class="no-header">curs_add_wch 3x</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>add_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvadd_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwadd_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>echo_wchar</STRONG>, <STRONG>wecho_wchar</STRONG> - add
a complex character and rendition to a <STRONG>curses</STRONG> window, then advance the
cursor
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>add_wch(</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>wch</EM> <STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wadd_wch(</STRONG> <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>wch</EM> <STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvadd_wch(</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>wch</EM> <STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwadd_wch(</STRONG> <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>wch</EM> <STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echo_wchar(</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>wch</EM> <STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wecho_wchar(</STRONG> <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>wch</EM> <STRONG>);</STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-add_wch">add_wch</a></H3><PRE>
The <STRONG>add_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvadd_wch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>mvwadd_wch</STRONG> functions put the
complex character <EM>wch</EM> into the given window at its current position,
which is then advanced. These functions perform wrapping and special-
character processing as follows:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If <EM>wch</EM> refers to a spacing character, then any previous character
at that location is removed. A new character specified by <EM>wch</EM> is
placed at that location with rendition specified by <EM>wch</EM>. The
cursor then advances to the next spacing character on the screen.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If <EM>wch</EM> refers to a non-spacing character, all previous characters
at that location are preserved. The non-spacing characters of <EM>wch</EM>
are added to the spacing complex character, and the rendition
specified by <EM>wch</EM> is ignored.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the character part of <EM>wch</EM> is a tab, newline, backspace or other
control character, the window is updated and the cursor moves as if
<STRONG>addch</STRONG> were called.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-echo_wchar">echo_wchar</a></H3><PRE>
The <STRONG>echo_wchar</STRONG> function is functionally equivalent to a call to <STRONG>add_wch</STRONG>
followed by a call to <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>. Similarly, the <STRONG>wecho_wchar</STRONG> is
functionally equivalent to a call to <STRONG>wadd_wch</STRONG> followed by a call to
<STRONG>wrefresh</STRONG>. The knowledge that only a single character is being output
is taken into consideration and, for non-control characters, a
considerable performance gain might be seen by using the *<STRONG>echo</STRONG>*
functions instead of their equivalents.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Line-Graphics">Line Graphics</a></H3><PRE>
Like <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">addch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>addch_wch</STRONG> accepts symbols which make it simple to draw
lines and other frequently used special characters. These symbols
correspond to the same VT100 line-drawing set as <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">addch(3x)</A></STRONG>.
<STRONG>ACS</STRONG> <STRONG>Unicode</STRONG> <STRONG>ASCII</STRONG> <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> <STRONG>Glyph</STRONG>
<STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>Default</STRONG> <STRONG>Default</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG>
------------------------------------------------------------------------
WACS_BLOCK 0x25ae # 0 solid square block
WACS_BOARD 0x2592 # h board of squares
WACS_BTEE 0x2534 + v bottom tee
WACS_BULLET 0x00b7 o ~ bullet
WACS_CKBOARD 0x2592 : a checker board (stipple)
WACS_DARROW 0x2193 v . arrow pointing down
WACS_DEGREE 0x00b0 ' f degree symbol
WACS_DIAMOND 0x25c6 + ` diamond
WACS_GEQUAL 0x2265 > > greater-than-or-equal-to
WACS_HLINE 0x2500 - q horizontal line
WACS_LANTERN 0x2603 # i lantern symbol
WACS_LARROW 0x2190 < , arrow pointing left
WACS_LEQUAL 0x2264 < y less-than-or-equal-to
WACS_LLCORNER 0x2514 + m lower left-hand corner
WACS_LRCORNER 0x2518 + j lower right-hand corner
WACS_LTEE 0x2524 + t left tee
WACS_NEQUAL 0x2260 ! | not-equal
WACS_PI 0x03c0 * { greek pi
WACS_PLMINUS 0x00b1 # g plus/minus
WACS_PLUS 0x253c + n plus
WACS_RARROW 0x2192 > + arrow pointing right
WACS_RTEE 0x251c + u right tee
WACS_S1 0x23ba - o scan line 1
WACS_S3 0x23bb - p scan line 3
WACS_S7 0x23bc - r scan line 7
WACS_S9 0x23bd _ s scan line 9
WACS_STERLING 0x00a3 f } pound-sterling symbol
WACS_TTEE 0x252c + w top tee
WACS_UARROW 0x2191 ^ - arrow pointing up
WACS_ULCORNER 0x250c + l upper left-hand corner
WACS_URCORNER 0x2510 + k upper right-hand corner
WACS_VLINE 0x2502 | x vertical line
The wide-character configuration of ncurses also defines symbols for
thick lines (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG> "J" to "V"):
<STRONG>ACS</STRONG> <STRONG>Unicode</STRONG> <STRONG>ASCII</STRONG> <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> <STRONG>Glyph</STRONG>
<STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>Default</STRONG> <STRONG>Default</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
WACS_T_BTEE 0x253b + V thick tee pointing up
WACS_T_HLINE 0x2501 - Q thick horizontal line
WACS_T_LLCORNER 0x2517 + M thick lower left corner
WACS_T_LRCORNER 0x251b + J thick lower right corner
WACS_T_LTEE 0x252b + T thick tee pointing right
WACS_T_PLUS 0x254b + N thick large plus
WACS_T_RTEE 0x2523 + U thick tee pointing left
WACS_T_TTEE 0x2533 + W thick tee pointing down
WACS_T_ULCORNER 0x250f + L thick upper left corner
WACS_T_URCORNER 0x2513 + K thick upper right corner
WACS_T_VLINE 0x2503 | X thick vertical line
and for double-lines (<STRONG>acsc</STRONG> "A" to "I"):
<STRONG>ACS</STRONG> <STRONG>Unicode</STRONG> <STRONG>ASCII</STRONG> <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> <STRONG>Glyph</STRONG>
<STRONG>Name</STRONG> <STRONG>Default</STRONG> <STRONG>Default</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>Name</STRONG>
------------------------------------------------------------------------
WACS_D_BTEE 0x2569 + H double tee pointing up
WACS_D_HLINE 0x2550 - R double horizontal line
WACS_D_LLCORNER 0x255a + D double lower left corner
WACS_D_LRCORNER 0x255d + A double lower right corner
WACS_D_LTEE 0x2560 + F double tee pointing right
WACS_D_PLUS 0x256c + E double large plus
WACS_D_RTEE 0x2563 + G double tee pointing left
WACS_D_TTEE 0x2566 + I double tee pointing down
WACS_D_ULCORNER 0x2554 + C double upper left corner
WACS_D_URCORNER 0x2557 + B double upper right corner
WACS_D_VLINE 0x2551 | Y double vertical line
Unicode's descriptions for these characters differs slightly from
ncurses, by introducing the term "light" (along with less important
details). Here are its descriptions for the normal, thick, and double
horizontal lines:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> U+2500 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
<STRONG>o</STRONG> U+2501 BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL
<STRONG>o</STRONG> U+2550 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
All routines return the integer <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> on success.
X/Open does not define any error conditions. This implementation
returns an error
<STRONG>o</STRONG> if the window pointer is null or
<STRONG>o</STRONG> if it is not possible to add a complete character in the window.
The latter may be due to different causes:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If <STRONG>scrollok</STRONG> is not enabled, writing a character at the lower right
margin succeeds. However, an error is returned because it is not
possible to wrap to a new line
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If an error is detected when converting a multibyte character to a
sequence of bytes, or if it is not possible to add all of the
resulting bytes in the window, an error is returned.
Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor movement using
<STRONG>wmove</STRONG>, and return an error if the position is outside the window, or if
the window pointer is null.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
Note that <STRONG>add_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvadd_wch</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwadd_wch</STRONG>, and <STRONG>echo_wchar</STRONG> may be macros.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
All of these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue
4. The defaults specified for line-drawing characters apply in the
POSIX locale.
X/Open Curses makes it clear that the WACS_ symbols should be defined
as a pointer to <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> data, e.g., in the discussion of <STRONG>border_set</STRONG>. A
few implementations are problematic:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> NetBSD curses defines the symbols as a <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG> within a <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG>.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> HPUX curses equates some of the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols to the analogous <EM>WACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG>
symbols as if the <EM>ACS</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG> symbols were wide characters. The
misdefined symbols are the arrows and other symbols which are not
used for line-drawing.
X/Open Curses does not define symbols for thick- or double-lines. SVr4
curses implementations defined their line-drawing symbols in terms of
intermediate symbols. This implementation extends those symbols,
providing new definitions which are not in the SVr4 implementations.
Not all Unicode-capable terminals provide support for VT100-style
alternate character sets (i.e., the <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> capability), with their
corresponding line-drawing characters. X/Open Curses did not address
the aspect of integrating Unicode with line-drawing characters.
Existing implementations of Unix curses (AIX, HPUX, Solaris) use only
the <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> character-mapping to provide this feature. As a result, those
implementations can only use single-byte line-drawing characters.
Ncurses 5.3 (2002) provided a table of Unicode values to solve these
problems. NetBSD curses incorporated that table in 2010.
In this implementation, the Unicode values are used instead of the
terminal description's <STRONG>acsc</STRONG> mapping as discussed in <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">ncurses(3x)</A></STRONG> for the
environment variable <STRONG>NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS</STRONG>. In contrast, for the same
cases, the line-drawing characters described in <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG> will use
only the ASCII default values.
Having Unicode available does not solve all of the problems with line-
drawing for curses:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The closest Unicode equivalents to the VT100 graphics <EM>S1</EM>, <EM>S3</EM>, <EM>S7</EM>
and <EM>S9</EM> frequently are not displayed at the regular intervals which
the terminal used.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> The <EM>lantern</EM> is a special case. It originated with the AT&T 4410
terminal in the early 1980s. There is no accessible documentation
depicting the lantern symbol on the AT&T terminal.
Lacking documentation, most readers assume that a <EM>storm</EM> <EM>lantern</EM> was
intended. But there are several possibilities, all with problems.
Unicode 6.0 (2010) does provide two lantern symbols: U+1F383 and
U+1F3EE. Those were not available in 2002, and are irrelevant
since they lie outside the BMP and as a result are not generally
available in terminals. They are not storm lanterns, in any case.
Most <EM>storm</EM> <EM>lanterns</EM> have a tapering glass chimney (to guard against
tipping); some have a wire grid protecting the chimney.
For the tapering appearance, U+2603 was adequate. In use on a
terminal, no one can tell what the image represents. Unicode calls
it a snowman.
Others have suggested these alternatives: <section> U+00A7 (section
mark), <Theta> U+0398 (theta), <Phi> U+03A6 (phi), <delta> U+03B4
(delta), U+2327 (x in a rectangle), U+256C (forms double vertical
and horizontal), and U+2612 (ballot box with x).
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addch.3x.html">curs_addch(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_attr.3x.html">curs_attr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_clear.3x.html">curs_clear(3x)</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_outopts.3x.html">curs_outopts(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">curs_refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>putwc(3)</STRONG>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_add_wch.3x.html">curs_add_wch(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-add_wch">add_wch</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-echo_wchar">echo_wchar</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Line-Graphics">Line Graphics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
