Update built files

3 files changed, 5118 insertions, 5020 deletions

diff --git a/dist/async.js b/dist/async.js
index 92ed24a..609d9cd 100644
--- a/dist/async.js
+++ b/dist/async.js
@@ -1,5117 +1,5215 @@
 (function (global, factory) {
-  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) :
-  typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) :
-  (factory((global.async = global.async || {})));
+    typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) :
+    typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) :
+    (factory((global.async = global.async || {})));
 }(this, function (exports) { 'use strict';
 
-  /**
-   * A faster alternative to `Function#apply`, this function invokes `func`
-   * with the `this` binding of `thisArg` and the arguments of `args`.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Function} func The function to invoke.
-   * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
-   * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke `func` with.
-   * @returns {*} Returns the result of `func`.
-   */
-  function apply(func, thisArg, args) {
-    var length = args.length;
-    switch (length) {
-      case 0: return func.call(thisArg);
-      case 1: return func.call(thisArg, args[0]);
-      case 2: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1]);
-      case 3: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
-    }
-    return func.apply(thisArg, args);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is the
-   * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
-   * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 0.1.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isObject({});
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isObject(_.noop);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isObject(null);
-   * // => false
-   */
-  function isObject(value) {
-    var type = typeof value;
-    return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
-  }
-
-  var funcTag = '[object Function]';
-  var genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]';
-  /** Used for built-in method references. */
-  var objectProto = Object.prototype;
-
-  /**
-   * Used to resolve the
-   * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
-   * of values.
-   */
-  var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 0.1.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
-   *  else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isFunction(_);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isFunction(/abc/);
-   * // => false
-   */
-  function isFunction(value) {
-    // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
-    // in Safari 8 which returns 'object' for typed array and weak map constructors,
-    // and PhantomJS 1.9 which returns 'function' for `NodeList` instances.
-    var tag = isObject(value) ? objectToString.call(value) : '';
-    return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
-   * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.0.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isObjectLike({});
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
-   * // => false
-   *
-   * _.isObjectLike(null);
-   * // => false
-   */
-  function isObjectLike(value) {
-    return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
-  }
-
-  /** `Object#toString` result references. */
-  var symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';
-
-  /** Used for built-in method references. */
-  var objectProto$1 = Object.prototype;
-
-  /**
-   * Used to resolve the
-   * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
-   * of values.
-   */
-  var objectToString$1 = objectProto$1.toString;
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.0.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
-   *  else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isSymbol('abc');
-   * // => false
-   */
-  function isSymbol(value) {
-    return typeof value == 'symbol' ||
-      (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString$1.call(value) == symbolTag);
-  }
-
-  /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
-  var NAN = 0 / 0;
-
-  /** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
-  var reTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g;
-
-  /** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
-  var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;
-
-  /** Used to detect binary string values. */
-  var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;
-
-  /** Used to detect octal string values. */
-  var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;
-
-  /** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
-  var freeParseInt = parseInt;
-
-  /**
-   * Converts `value` to a number.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.0.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to process.
-   * @returns {number} Returns the number.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.toNumber(3.2);
-   * // => 3.2
-   *
-   * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
-   * // => 5e-324
-   *
-   * _.toNumber(Infinity);
-   * // => Infinity
-   *
-   * _.toNumber('3.2');
-   * // => 3.2
-   */
-  function toNumber(value) {
-    if (typeof value == 'number') {
-      return value;
-    }
-    if (isSymbol(value)) {
-      return NAN;
+    /**
+     * A faster alternative to `Function#apply`, this function invokes `func`
+     * with the `this` binding of `thisArg` and the arguments of `args`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to invoke.
+     * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke `func` with.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the result of `func`.
+     */
+    function apply(func, thisArg, args) {
+      var length = args.length;
+      switch (length) {
+        case 0: return func.call(thisArg);
+        case 1: return func.call(thisArg, args[0]);
+        case 2: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1]);
+        case 3: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
+      }
+      return func.apply(thisArg, args);
     }
-    if (isObject(value)) {
-      var other = isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : value;
-      value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is the
+     * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
+     * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isObject({});
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObject(_.noop);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObject(null);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isObject(value) {
+      var type = typeof value;
+      return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
     }
-    if (typeof value != 'string') {
-      return value === 0 ? value : +value;
+
+    var funcTag = '[object Function]';
+    var genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]';
+    /** Used for built-in method references. */
+    var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to resolve the
+     * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+     * of values.
+     */
+    var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isFunction(_);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isFunction(/abc/);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isFunction(value) {
+      // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
+      // in Safari 8 which returns 'object' for typed array and weak map constructors,
+      // and PhantomJS 1.9 which returns 'function' for `NodeList` instances.
+      var tag = isObject(value) ? objectToString.call(value) : '';
+      return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag;
     }
-    value = value.replace(reTrim, '');
-    var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
-    return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))
-      ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)
-      : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);
-  }
-
-  var INFINITY = 1 / 0;
-  var MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308;
-  /**
-   * Converts `value` to a finite number.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.12.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to convert.
-   * @returns {number} Returns the converted number.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.toFinite(3.2);
-   * // => 3.2
-   *
-   * _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);
-   * // => 5e-324
-   *
-   * _.toFinite(Infinity);
-   * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
-   *
-   * _.toFinite('3.2');
-   * // => 3.2
-   */
-  function toFinite(value) {
-    if (!value) {
-      return value === 0 ? value : 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+     * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isObjectLike({});
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isObjectLike(null);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isObjectLike(value) {
+      return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
     }
-    value = toNumber(value);
-    if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {
-      var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);
-      return sign * MAX_INTEGER;
+
+    /** `Object#toString` result references. */
+    var symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';
+
+    /** Used for built-in method references. */
+    var objectProto$1 = Object.prototype;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to resolve the
+     * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+     * of values.
+     */
+    var objectToString$1 = objectProto$1.toString;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isSymbol('abc');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isSymbol(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'symbol' ||
+        (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString$1.call(value) == symbolTag);
     }
-    return value === value ? value : 0;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Converts `value` to an integer.
-   *
-   * **Note:** This method is loosely based on
-   * [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tointeger).
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.0.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to convert.
-   * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.toInteger(3.2);
-   * // => 3
-   *
-   * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
-   * // => 0
-   *
-   * _.toInteger(Infinity);
-   * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
-   *
-   * _.toInteger('3.2');
-   * // => 3
-   */
-  function toInteger(value) {
-    var result = toFinite(value),
-        remainder = result % 1;
-
-    return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;
-  }
-
-  /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
-  var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';
-
-  /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
-  var nativeMax = Math.max;
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
-   * created function and arguments from `start` and beyond provided as
-   * an array.
-   *
-   * **Note:** This method is based on the
-   * [rest parameter](https://mdn.io/rest_parameters).
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.0.0
-   * @category Function
-   * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
-   * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
-   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * var say = _.rest(function(what, names) {
-   *   return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
-   *     (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
-   * });
-   *
-   * say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
-   * // => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'
-   */
-  function rest(func, start) {
-    if (typeof func != 'function') {
-      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+
+    /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
+    var NAN = 0 / 0;
+
+    /** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
+    var reTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g;
+
+    /** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
+    var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;
+
+    /** Used to detect binary string values. */
+    var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;
+
+    /** Used to detect octal string values. */
+    var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;
+
+    /** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
+    var freeParseInt = parseInt;
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a number.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toNumber(3.2);
+     * // => 3.2
+     *
+     * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => 5e-324
+     *
+     * _.toNumber(Infinity);
+     * // => Infinity
+     *
+     * _.toNumber('3.2');
+     * // => 3.2
+     */
+    function toNumber(value) {
+      if (typeof value == 'number') {
+        return value;
+      }
+      if (isSymbol(value)) {
+        return NAN;
+      }
+      if (isObject(value)) {
+        var other = isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : value;
+        value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;
+      }
+      if (typeof value != 'string') {
+        return value === 0 ? value : +value;
+      }
+      value = value.replace(reTrim, '');
+      var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
+      return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))
+        ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)
+        : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);
     }
-    start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? (func.length - 1) : toInteger(start), 0);
-    return function() {
-      var args = arguments,
-          index = -1,
-          length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),
-          array = Array(length);
 
-      while (++index < length) {
-        array[index] = args[start + index];
+    var INFINITY = 1 / 0;
+    var MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308;
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a finite number.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.12.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the converted number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toFinite(3.2);
+     * // => 3.2
+     *
+     * _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => 5e-324
+     *
+     * _.toFinite(Infinity);
+     * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+     *
+     * _.toFinite('3.2');
+     * // => 3.2
+     */
+    function toFinite(value) {
+      if (!value) {
+        return value === 0 ? value : 0;
       }
-      switch (start) {
-        case 0: return func.call(this, array);
-        case 1: return func.call(this, args[0], array);
-        case 2: return func.call(this, args[0], args[1], array);
+      value = toNumber(value);
+      if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {
+        var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+        return sign * MAX_INTEGER;
       }
-      var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);
-      index = -1;
-      while (++index < start) {
-        otherArgs[index] = args[index];
+      return value === value ? value : 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to an integer.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is loosely based on
+     * [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tointeger).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toInteger(3.2);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * _.toInteger(Infinity);
+     * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+     *
+     * _.toInteger('3.2');
+     * // => 3
+     */
+    function toInteger(value) {
+      var result = toFinite(value),
+          remainder = result % 1;
+
+      return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
+    var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';
+
+    /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
+    var nativeMax = Math.max;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
+     * created function and arguments from `start` and beyond provided as
+     * an array.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on the
+     * [rest parameter](https://mdn.io/rest_parameters).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
+     * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var say = _.rest(function(what, names) {
+     *   return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
+     *     (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
+     * });
+     *
+     * say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
+     * // => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'
+     */
+    function rest(func, start) {
+      if (typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
       }
-      otherArgs[start] = array;
-      return apply(func, this, otherArgs);
-    };
-  }
-
-  function initialParams (fn) {
-      return rest(function (args /*..., callback*/) {
-          var callback = args.pop();
-          fn.call(this, args, callback);
-      });
-  }
-
-  function applyEach$1(eachfn) {
-      return rest(function (fns, args) {
-          var go = initialParams(function (args, callback) {
-              var that = this;
-              return eachfn(fns, function (fn, cb) {
-                  fn.apply(that, args.concat([cb]));
-              }, callback);
-          });
-          if (args.length) {
-              return go.apply(this, args);
-          } else {
-              return go;
-          }
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A method that returns `undefined`.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 2.3.0
-   * @category Util
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.times(2, _.noop);
-   * // => [undefined, undefined]
-   */
-  function noop() {
-    // No operation performed.
-  }
-
-  function once(fn) {
-      return function () {
-          if (fn === null) return;
-          var callFn = fn;
-          fn = null;
-          callFn.apply(this, arguments);
+      start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? (func.length - 1) : toInteger(start), 0);
+      return function() {
+        var args = arguments,
+            index = -1,
+            length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),
+            array = Array(length);
+
+        while (++index < length) {
+          array[index] = args[start + index];
+        }
+        switch (start) {
+          case 0: return func.call(this, array);
+          case 1: return func.call(this, args[0], array);
+          case 2: return func.call(this, args[0], args[1], array);
+        }
+        var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);
+        index = -1;
+        while (++index < start) {
+          otherArgs[index] = args[index];
+        }
+        otherArgs[start] = array;
+        return apply(func, this, otherArgs);
       };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
-   * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
-   */
-  function baseProperty(key) {
-    return function(object) {
-      return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the "length" property value of `object`.
-   *
-   * **Note:** This function is used to avoid a
-   * [JIT bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=142792) that affects
-   * Safari on at least iOS 8.1-8.3 ARM64.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
-   * @returns {*} Returns the "length" value.
-   */
-  var getLength = baseProperty('length');
-
-  /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
-  var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
-   *
-   * **Note:** This function is loosely based on
-   * [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.0.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length,
-   *  else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isLength(3);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
-   * // => false
-   *
-   * _.isLength(Infinity);
-   * // => false
-   *
-   * _.isLength('3');
-   * // => false
-   */
-  function isLength(value) {
-    return typeof value == 'number' &&
-      value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's
-   * not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or
-   * equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.0.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isArrayLike(document.body.children);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isArrayLike('abc');
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isArrayLike(_.noop);
-   * // => false
-   */
-  function isArrayLike(value) {
-    return value != null && isLength(getLength(value)) && !isFunction(value);
-  }
-
-  var iteratorSymbol = typeof Symbol === 'function' && Symbol.iterator;
-
-  function getIterator (coll) {
-      return iteratorSymbol && coll[iteratorSymbol] && coll[iteratorSymbol]();
-  }
-
-  /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
-  var nativeGetPrototype = Object.getPrototypeOf;
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the `[[Prototype]]` of `value`.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {*} value The value to query.
-   * @returns {null|Object} Returns the `[[Prototype]]`.
-   */
-  function getPrototype(value) {
-    return nativeGetPrototype(Object(value));
-  }
-
-  /** Used for built-in method references. */
-  var objectProto$2 = Object.prototype;
-
-  /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
-  var hasOwnProperty = objectProto$2.hasOwnProperty;
-
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `_.has` without support for deep paths.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Object} [object] The object to query.
-   * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.
-   */
-  function baseHas(object, key) {
-    // Avoid a bug in IE 10-11 where objects with a [[Prototype]] of `null`,
-    // that are composed entirely of index properties, return `false` for
-    // `hasOwnProperty` checks of them.
-    return object != null &&
-      (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) ||
-        (typeof object == 'object' && key in object && getPrototype(object) === null));
-  }
-
-  /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
-  var nativeKeys = Object.keys;
-
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `_.keys` which doesn't skip the constructor
-   * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
-   */
-  function baseKeys(object) {
-    return nativeKeys(Object(object));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `_.times` without support for iteratee shorthands
-   * or max array length checks.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
-   */
-  function baseTimes(n, iteratee) {
-    var index = -1,
-        result = Array(n);
-
-    while (++index < n) {
-      result[index] = iteratee(index);
     }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * This method is like `_.isArrayLike` except that it also checks if `value`
-   * is an object.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.0.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array-like object,
-   *  else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isArrayLikeObject([1, 2, 3]);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isArrayLikeObject(document.body.children);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isArrayLikeObject('abc');
-   * // => false
-   *
-   * _.isArrayLikeObject(_.noop);
-   * // => false
-   */
-  function isArrayLikeObject(value) {
-    return isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value);
-  }
-
-  /** `Object#toString` result references. */
-  var argsTag = '[object Arguments]';
-
-  /** Used for built-in method references. */
-  var objectProto$3 = Object.prototype;
-
-  /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
-  var hasOwnProperty$1 = objectProto$3.hasOwnProperty;
-
-  /**
-   * Used to resolve the
-   * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
-   * of values.
-   */
-  var objectToString$2 = objectProto$3.toString;
-
-  /** Built-in value references. */
-  var propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto$3.propertyIsEnumerable;
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is likely an `arguments` object.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 0.1.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
-   *  else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
-   * // => false
-   */
-  function isArguments(value) {
-    // Safari 8.1 incorrectly makes `arguments.callee` enumerable in strict mode.
-    return isArrayLikeObject(value) && hasOwnProperty$1.call(value, 'callee') &&
-      (!propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee') || objectToString$2.call(value) == argsTag);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 0.1.0
-   * @type {Function}
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
-   *  else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isArray(document.body.children);
-   * // => false
-   *
-   * _.isArray('abc');
-   * // => false
-   *
-   * _.isArray(_.noop);
-   * // => false
-   */
-  var isArray = Array.isArray;
-
-  /** `Object#toString` result references. */
-  var stringTag = '[object String]';
-
-  /** Used for built-in method references. */
-  var objectProto$4 = Object.prototype;
-
-  /**
-   * Used to resolve the
-   * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
-   * of values.
-   */
-  var objectToString$3 = objectProto$4.toString;
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @since 0.1.0
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
-   *  else `false`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.isString('abc');
-   * // => true
-   *
-   * _.isString(1);
-   * // => false
-   */
-  function isString(value) {
-    return typeof value == 'string' ||
-      (!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && objectToString$3.call(value) == stringTag);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Creates an array of index keys for `object` values of arrays,
-   * `arguments` objects, and strings, otherwise `null` is returned.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
-   * @returns {Array|null} Returns index keys, else `null`.
-   */
-  function indexKeys(object) {
-    var length = object ? object.length : undefined;
-    if (isLength(length) &&
-        (isArray(object) || isString(object) || isArguments(object))) {
-      return baseTimes(length, String);
+
+    function initialParams (fn) {
+        return rest(function (args /*..., callback*/) {
+            var callback = args.pop();
+            fn.call(this, args, callback);
+        });
+    }
+
+    function applyEach$1(eachfn) {
+        return rest(function (fns, args) {
+            var go = initialParams(function (args, callback) {
+                var that = this;
+                return eachfn(fns, function (fn, cb) {
+                    fn.apply(that, args.concat([cb]));
+                }, callback);
+            });
+            if (args.length) {
+                return go.apply(this, args);
+            } else {
+                return go;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
+     */
+    function baseProperty(key) {
+      return function(object) {
+        return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the "length" property value of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function is used to avoid a
+     * [JIT bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=142792) that affects
+     * Safari on at least iOS 8.1-8.3 ARM64.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the "length" value.
+     */
+    var getLength = baseProperty('length');
+
+    /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
+    var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function is loosely based on
+     * [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isLength(3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isLength(Infinity);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isLength('3');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isLength(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'number' &&
+        value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's
+     * not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or
+     * equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLike(document.body.children);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLike('abc');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLike(_.noop);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isArrayLike(value) {
+      return value != null && isLength(getLength(value)) && !isFunction(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A method that returns `undefined`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.3.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.times(2, _.noop);
+     * // => [undefined, undefined]
+     */
+    function noop() {
+      // No operation performed.
+    }
+
+    function once(fn) {
+        return function () {
+            if (fn === null) return;
+            var callFn = fn;
+            fn = null;
+            callFn.apply(this, arguments);
+        };
+    }
+
+    var iteratorSymbol = typeof Symbol === 'function' && Symbol.iterator;
+
+    function getIterator (coll) {
+        return iteratorSymbol && coll[iteratorSymbol] && coll[iteratorSymbol]();
+    }
+
+    /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
+    var nativeGetPrototype = Object.getPrototypeOf;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the `[[Prototype]]` of `value`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to query.
+     * @returns {null|Object} Returns the `[[Prototype]]`.
+     */
+    function getPrototype(value) {
+      return nativeGetPrototype(Object(value));
+    }
+
+    /** Used for built-in method references. */
+    var objectProto$2 = Object.prototype;
+
+    /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
+    var hasOwnProperty = objectProto$2.hasOwnProperty;
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.has` without support for deep paths.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} [object] The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseHas(object, key) {
+      // Avoid a bug in IE 10-11 where objects with a [[Prototype]] of `null`,
+      // that are composed entirely of index properties, return `false` for
+      // `hasOwnProperty` checks of them.
+      return object != null &&
+        (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) ||
+          (typeof object == 'object' && key in object && getPrototype(object) === null));
     }
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
-  var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER$1 = 9007199254740991;
-
-  /** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */
-  var reIsUint = /^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/;
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
-   */
-  function isIndex(value, length) {
-    length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER$1 : length;
-    return !!length &&
-      (typeof value == 'number' || reIsUint.test(value)) &&
-      (value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length);
-  }
-
-  /** Used for built-in method references. */
-  var objectProto$5 = Object.prototype;
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is likely a prototype object.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a prototype, else `false`.
-   */
-  function isPrototype(value) {
-    var Ctor = value && value.constructor,
-        proto = (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype) || objectProto$5;
-
-    return value === proto;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
-   *
-   * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
-   * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.keys)
-   * for more details.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @since 0.1.0
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @category Object
-   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * function Foo() {
-   *   this.a = 1;
-   *   this.b = 2;
-   * }
-   *
-   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
-   *
-   * _.keys(new Foo);
-   * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
-   *
-   * _.keys('hi');
-   * // => ['0', '1']
-   */
-  function keys(object) {
-    var isProto = isPrototype(object);
-    if (!(isProto || isArrayLike(object))) {
-      return baseKeys(object);
+
+    /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
+    var nativeKeys = Object.keys;
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.keys` which doesn't skip the constructor
+     * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+     */
+    function baseKeys(object) {
+      return nativeKeys(Object(object));
     }
-    var indexes = indexKeys(object),
-        skipIndexes = !!indexes,
-        result = indexes || [],
-        length = result.length;
-
-    for (var key in object) {
-      if (baseHas(object, key) &&
-          !(skipIndexes && (key == 'length' || isIndex(key, length))) &&
-          !(isProto && key == 'constructor')) {
-        result.push(key);
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.times` without support for iteratee shorthands
+     * or max array length checks.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
+     */
+    function baseTimes(n, iteratee) {
+      var index = -1,
+          result = Array(n);
+
+      while (++index < n) {
+        result[index] = iteratee(index);
       }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.isArrayLike` except that it also checks if `value`
+     * is an object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array-like object,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLikeObject([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLikeObject(document.body.children);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLikeObject('abc');
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLikeObject(_.noop);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isArrayLikeObject(value) {
+      return isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value);
     }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  function iterator(coll) {
-      var i = -1;
-      var len;
-      if (isArrayLike(coll)) {
-          len = coll.length;
-          return function next() {
-              i++;
-              return i < len ? { value: coll[i], key: i } : null;
-          };
+
+    /** `Object#toString` result references. */
+    var argsTag = '[object Arguments]';
+
+    /** Used for built-in method references. */
+    var objectProto$3 = Object.prototype;
+
+    /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
+    var hasOwnProperty$1 = objectProto$3.hasOwnProperty;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to resolve the
+     * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+     * of values.
+     */
+    var objectToString$2 = objectProto$3.toString;
+
+    /** Built-in value references. */
+    var propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto$3.propertyIsEnumerable;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is likely an `arguments` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isArguments(value) {
+      // Safari 8.1 incorrectly makes `arguments.callee` enumerable in strict mode.
+      return isArrayLikeObject(value) && hasOwnProperty$1.call(value, 'callee') &&
+        (!propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee') || objectToString$2.call(value) == argsTag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @type {Function}
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArray(document.body.children);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isArray('abc');
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isArray(_.noop);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+    /** `Object#toString` result references. */
+    var stringTag = '[object String]';
+
+    /** Used for built-in method references. */
+    var objectProto$4 = Object.prototype;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to resolve the
+     * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+     * of values.
+     */
+    var objectToString$3 = objectProto$4.toString;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isString('abc');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isString(1);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isString(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'string' ||
+        (!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && objectToString$3.call(value) == stringTag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of index keys for `object` values of arrays,
+     * `arguments` objects, and strings, otherwise `null` is returned.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array|null} Returns index keys, else `null`.
+     */
+    function indexKeys(object) {
+      var length = object ? object.length : undefined;
+      if (isLength(length) &&
+          (isArray(object) || isString(object) || isArguments(object))) {
+        return baseTimes(length, String);
       }
+      return null;
+    }
 
-      var iterate = getIterator(coll);
-      if (iterate) {
-          return function next() {
-              var item = iterate.next();
-              if (item.done) return null;
-              i++;
-              return { value: item.value, key: i };
-          };
+    /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
+    var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER$1 = 9007199254740991;
+
+    /** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */
+    var reIsUint = /^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isIndex(value, length) {
+      length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER$1 : length;
+      return !!length &&
+        (typeof value == 'number' || reIsUint.test(value)) &&
+        (value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length);
+    }
+
+    /** Used for built-in method references. */
+    var objectProto$5 = Object.prototype;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is likely a prototype object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a prototype, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isPrototype(value) {
+      var Ctor = value && value.constructor,
+          proto = (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype) || objectProto$5;
+
+      return value === proto;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
+     * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.keys)
+     * for more details.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.keys(new Foo);
+     * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * _.keys('hi');
+     * // => ['0', '1']
+     */
+    function keys(object) {
+      var isProto = isPrototype(object);
+      if (!(isProto || isArrayLike(object))) {
+        return baseKeys(object);
+      }
+      var indexes = indexKeys(object),
+          skipIndexes = !!indexes,
+          result = indexes || [],
+          length = result.length;
+
+      for (var key in object) {
+        if (baseHas(object, key) &&
+            !(skipIndexes && (key == 'length' || isIndex(key, length))) &&
+            !(isProto && key == 'constructor')) {
+          result.push(key);
+        }
       }
+      return result;
+    }
 
-      var okeys = keys(coll);
-      len = okeys.length;
-      return function next() {
-          i++;
-          var key = okeys[i];
-          return i < len ? { value: coll[key], key: key } : null;
-      };
-  }
-
-  function onlyOnce(fn) {
-      return function () {
-          if (fn === null) throw new Error("Callback was already called.");
-          var callFn = fn;
-          fn = null;
-          callFn.apply(this, arguments);
-      };
-  }
-
-  function _eachOfLimit(limit) {
-      return function (obj, iteratee, callback) {
-          callback = once(callback || noop);
-          obj = obj || [];
-          var nextElem = iterator(obj);
-          if (limit <= 0) {
-              return callback(null);
-          }
-          var done = false;
-          var running = 0;
-          var errored = false;
-
-          (function replenish() {
-              if (done && running <= 0) {
-                  return callback(null);
-              }
-
-              while (running < limit && !errored) {
-                  var elem = nextElem();
-                  if (elem === null) {
-                      done = true;
-                      if (running <= 0) {
-                          callback(null);
-                      }
-                      return;
-                  }
-                  running += 1;
-                  /* eslint {no-loop-func: 0} */
-                  iteratee(elem.value, elem.key, onlyOnce(function (err) {
-                      running -= 1;
-                      if (err) {
-                          callback(err);
-                          errored = true;
-                      } else {
-                          replenish();
-                      }
-                  }));
-              }
-          })();
-      };
-  }
+    function createArrayIterator(coll) {
+        var i = -1;
+        var len = coll.length;
+        return function next() {
+            return ++i < len ? { value: coll[i], key: i } : null;
+        };
+    }
 
-  function doParallelLimit(fn) {
-      return function (obj, limit, iteratee, callback) {
-          return fn(_eachOfLimit(limit), obj, iteratee, callback);
-      };
-  }
-
-  function _asyncMap(eachfn, arr, iteratee, callback) {
-      callback = once(callback || noop);
-      arr = arr || [];
-      var results = [];
-      var counter = 0;
-
-      eachfn(arr, function (value, _, callback) {
-          var index = counter++;
-          iteratee(value, function (err, v) {
-              results[index] = v;
-              callback(err);
-          });
-      }, function (err) {
-          callback(err, results);
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`map`]{@link module:Collections.map} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
-   *
-   * @name mapLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
-   * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a transformed
-   * item. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
-   * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the
-   * transformed items from the `coll`. Invoked with (err, results).
-   */
-  var mapLimit = doParallelLimit(_asyncMap);
-
-  function doLimit(fn, limit) {
-      return function (iterable, iteratee, callback) {
-          return fn(iterable, limit, iteratee, callback);
-      };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Produces a new collection of values by mapping each value in `coll` through
-   * the `iteratee` function. The `iteratee` is called with an item from `coll`
-   * and a callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callback
-   * takes 2 arguments: an `error`, and the transformed item from `coll`. If
-   * `iteratee` passes an error to its callback, the main `callback` (for the
-   * `map` function) is immediately called with the error.
-   *
-   * Note, that since this function applies the `iteratee` to each item in
-   * parallel, there is no guarantee that the `iteratee` functions will complete
-   * in order. However, the results array will be in the same order as the
-   * original `coll`.
-   *
-   * If `map` is passed an Object, the results will be an Array.  The results
-   * will roughly be in the order of the original Objects' keys (but this can
-   * vary across JavaScript engines)
-   *
-   * @name map
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
-   * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
-   * transformed item. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
-   * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an Array of the
-   * transformed items from the `coll`. Invoked with (err, results).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.map(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.stat, function(err, results) {
-   *     // results is now an array of stats for each file
-   * });
-   */
-  var map = doLimit(mapLimit, Infinity);
-
-  /**
-   * Applies the provided arguments to each function in the array, calling
-   * `callback` after all functions have completed. If you only provide the first
-   * argument, then it will return a function which lets you pass in the
-   * arguments as if it were a single function call.
-   *
-   * @name applyEach
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} fns - A collection of asynchronous functions to all
-   * call with the same arguments
-   * @param {...*} [args] - any number of separate arguments to pass to the
-   * function.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - the final argument should be the callback,
-   * called when all functions have completed processing.
-   * @returns {Function} - If only the first argument is provided, it will return
-   * a function which lets you pass in the arguments as if it were a single
-   * function call.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema], 'bucket', callback);
-   *
-   * // partial application example:
-   * async.each(
-   *     buckets,
-   *     async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema]),
-   *     callback
-   * );
-   */
-  var applyEach = applyEach$1(map);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`map`]{@link module:Collections.map} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name mapSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
-   * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
-   * transformed item. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
-   * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the
-   * transformed items from the `coll`. Invoked with (err, results).
-   */
-  var mapSeries = doLimit(mapLimit, 1);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`applyEach`]{@link module:ControlFlow.applyEach} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name applyEachSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.applyEach]{@link module:ControlFlow.applyEach}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} fns - A collection of asynchronous functions to all
-   * call with the same arguments
-   * @param {...*} [args] - any number of separate arguments to pass to the
-   * function.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - the final argument should be the callback,
-   * called when all functions have completed processing.
-   * @returns {Function} - If only the first argument is provided, it will return
-   * a function which lets you pass in the arguments as if it were a single
-   * function call.
-   */
-  var applyEachSeries = applyEach$1(mapSeries);
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a continuation function with some arguments already applied.
-   *
-   * Useful as a shorthand when combined with other control flow functions. Any
-   * arguments passed to the returned function are added to the arguments
-   * originally passed to apply.
-   *
-   * @name apply
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} function - The function you want to eventually apply all
-   * arguments to. Invokes with (arguments...).
-   * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to automatically apply
-   * when the continuation is called.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // using apply
-   * async.parallel([
-   *     async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile1', 'test1'),
-   *     async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile2', 'test2')
-   * ]);
-   *
-   *
-   * // the same process without using apply
-   * async.parallel([
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         fs.writeFile('testfile1', 'test1', callback);
-   *     },
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         fs.writeFile('testfile2', 'test2', callback);
-   *     }
-   * ]);
-   *
-   * // It's possible to pass any number of additional arguments when calling the
-   * // continuation:
-   *
-   * node> var fn = async.apply(sys.puts, 'one');
-   * node> fn('two', 'three');
-   * one
-   * two
-   * three
-   */
-  var apply$1 = rest(function (fn, args) {
-      return rest(function (callArgs) {
-          return fn.apply(null, args.concat(callArgs));
-      });
-  });
-
-  /**
-   * Take a sync function and make it async, passing its return value to a
-   * callback. This is useful for plugging sync functions into a waterfall,
-   * series, or other async functions. Any arguments passed to the generated
-   * function will be passed to the wrapped function (except for the final
-   * callback argument). Errors thrown will be passed to the callback.
-   *
-   * If the function passed to `asyncify` returns a Promise, that promises's
-   * resolved/rejected state will be used to call the callback, rather than simply
-   * the synchronous return value.
-   *
-   * This also means you can asyncify ES2016 `async` functions.
-   *
-   * @name asyncify
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @alias wrapSync
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} func - The synchronous function to convert to an
-   * asynchronous function.
-   * @returns {Function} An asynchronous wrapper of the `func`. To be invoked with
-   * (callback).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // passing a regular synchronous function
-   * async.waterfall([
-   *     async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
-   *     async.asyncify(JSON.parse),
-   *     function (data, next) {
-   *         // data is the result of parsing the text.
-   *         // If there was a parsing error, it would have been caught.
-   *     }
-   * ], callback);
-   *
-   * // passing a function returning a promise
-   * async.waterfall([
-   *     async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
-   *     async.asyncify(function (contents) {
-   *         return db.model.create(contents);
-   *     }),
-   *     function (model, next) {
-   *         // `model` is the instantiated model object.
-   *         // If there was an error, this function would be skipped.
-   *     }
-   * ], callback);
-   *
-   * // es6 example
-   * var q = async.queue(async.asyncify(async function(file) {
-   *     var intermediateStep = await processFile(file);
-   *     return await somePromise(intermediateStep)
-   * }));
-   *
-   * q.push(files);
-   */
-  function asyncify(func) {
-      return initialParams(function (args, callback) {
-          var result;
-          try {
-              result = func.apply(this, args);
-          } catch (e) {
-              return callback(e);
-          }
-          // if result is Promise object
-          if (isObject(result) && typeof result.then === 'function') {
-              result.then(function (value) {
-                  callback(null, value);
-              }, function (err) {
-                  callback(err.message ? err : new Error(err));
-              });
-          } else {
-              callback(null, result);
-          }
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A specialized version of `_.forEach` for arrays without support for
-   * iteratee shorthands.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
-   */
-  function arrayEach(array, iteratee) {
-    var index = -1,
-        length = array ? array.length : 0;
-
-    while (++index < length) {
-      if (iteratee(array[index], index, array) === false) {
-        break;
+    function createES2015Iterator(iterator) {
+        var i = -1;
+        return function next() {
+            var item = iterator.next();
+            if (item.done) return null;
+            i++;
+            return { value: item.value, key: i };
+        };
+    }
+
+    function createObjectIterator(obj) {
+        var okeys = keys(obj);
+        var i = -1;
+        var len = okeys.length;
+        return function next() {
+            var key = okeys[++i];
+            return i < len ? { value: obj[key], key: key } : null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    function iterator(coll) {
+        if (isArrayLike(coll)) {
+            return createArrayIterator(coll);
+        }
+
+        var iterator = getIterator(coll);
+        return iterator ? createES2015Iterator(iterator) : createObjectIterator(coll);
+    }
+
+    function onlyOnce(fn) {
+        return function () {
+            if (fn === null) throw new Error("Callback was already called.");
+            var callFn = fn;
+            fn = null;
+            callFn.apply(this, arguments);
+        };
+    }
+
+    function _eachOfLimit(limit) {
+        return function (obj, iteratee, callback) {
+            callback = once(callback || noop);
+            if (limit <= 0 || !obj) {
+                return callback(null);
+            }
+            var nextElem = iterator(obj);
+            var done = false;
+            var running = 0;
+
+            function iterateeCallback(err) {
+                running -= 1;
+                if (err) {
+                    done = true;
+                    callback(err);
+                } else if (done && running <= 0) {
+                    return callback(null);
+                } else {
+                    replenish();
+                }
+            }
+
+            function replenish() {
+                while (running < limit && !done) {
+                    var elem = nextElem();
+                    if (elem === null) {
+                        done = true;
+                        if (running <= 0) {
+                            callback(null);
+                        }
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    running += 1;
+                    iteratee(elem.value, elem.key, onlyOnce(iterateeCallback));
+                }
+            }
+
+            replenish();
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`eachOf`]{@link module:Collections.eachOf} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
+     * time.
+     *
+     * @name eachOfLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.eachOf]{@link module:Collections.eachOf}
+     * @alias forEachOfLimit
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each
+     * item in `coll`. The `key` is the item's key, or index in the case of an
+     * array. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once it
+     * has completed. If no error has occurred, the callback should be run without
+     * arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. Invoked with
+     * (item, key, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
+     */
+    function eachOfLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callback) {
+      _eachOfLimit(limit)(coll, iteratee, callback);
+    }
+
+    function doLimit(fn, limit) {
+        return function (iterable, iteratee, callback) {
+            return fn(iterable, limit, iteratee, callback);
+        };
+    }
+
+    /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
+    var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT$1 = 'Expected a function';
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func`, with the `this` binding and arguments
+     * of the created function, while it's called less than `n` times. Subsequent
+     * calls to the created function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {number} n The number of calls at which `func` is no longer invoked.
+     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * jQuery(element).on('click', _.before(5, addContactToList));
+     * // => allows adding up to 4 contacts to the list
+     */
+    function before(n, func) {
+      var result;
+      if (typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT$1);
       }
+      n = toInteger(n);
+      return function() {
+        if (--n > 0) {
+          result = func.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+        if (n <= 1) {
+          func = undefined;
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that is restricted to invoking `func` once. Repeat calls
+     * to the function return the value of the first invocation. The `func` is
+     * invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the created function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
+     * initialize();
+     * initialize();
+     * // `initialize` invokes `createApplication` once
+     */
+    function once$1(func) {
+      return before(2, func);
+    }
+
+    // eachOf implementation optimized for array-likes
+    function eachOfArrayLike(coll, iteratee, callback) {
+        callback = once$1(callback || noop);
+        var index = 0,
+            completed = 0,
+            length = coll.length;
+        if (length === 0) {
+            callback(null);
+        }
+
+        function iteratorCallback(err) {
+            if (err) {
+                callback(err);
+            } else if (++completed === length) {
+                callback(null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (; index < length; index++) {
+            iteratee(coll[index], index, onlyOnce(iteratorCallback));
+        }
     }
-    return array;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a base function for methods like `_.forIn` and `_.forOwn`.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
-   * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
-   */
-  function createBaseFor(fromRight) {
-    return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {
+
+    // a generic version of eachOf which can handle array, object, and iterator cases.
+    var eachOfGeneric = doLimit(eachOfLimit, Infinity);
+
+    /**
+     * Like [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each}, except that it passes the key (or index) as the second argument
+     * to the iteratee.
+     *
+     * @name eachOf
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @alias forEachOf
+     * @category Collection
+     * @see [async.each]{@link module:Collections.each}
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each
+     * item in `coll`. The `key` is the item's key, or index in the case of an
+     * array. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once it
+     * has completed. If no error has occurred, the callback should be run without
+     * arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. Invoked with
+     * (item, key, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var obj = {dev: "/dev.json", test: "/test.json", prod: "/prod.json"};
+     * var configs = {};
+     *
+     * async.forEachOf(obj, function (value, key, callback) {
+     *     fs.readFile(__dirname + value, "utf8", function (err, data) {
+     *         if (err) return callback(err);
+     *         try {
+     *             configs[key] = JSON.parse(data);
+     *         } catch (e) {
+     *             return callback(e);
+     *         }
+     *         callback();
+     *     });
+     * }, function (err) {
+     *     if (err) console.error(err.message);
+     *     // configs is now a map of JSON data
+     *     doSomethingWith(configs);
+     * });
+     */
+    function eachOf (coll, iteratee, callback) {
+        var eachOfImplementation = isArrayLike(coll) ? eachOfArrayLike : eachOfGeneric;
+        eachOfImplementation(coll, iteratee, callback);
+    }
+
+    function doParallel(fn) {
+        return function (obj, iteratee, callback) {
+            return fn(eachOf, obj, iteratee, callback);
+        };
+    }
+
+    function _asyncMap(eachfn, arr, iteratee, callback) {
+        callback = once(callback || noop);
+        arr = arr || [];
+        var results = [];
+        var counter = 0;
+
+        eachfn(arr, function (value, _, callback) {
+            var index = counter++;
+            iteratee(value, function (err, v) {
+                results[index] = v;
+                callback(err);
+            });
+        }, function (err) {
+            callback(err, results);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Produces a new collection of values by mapping each value in `coll` through
+     * the `iteratee` function. The `iteratee` is called with an item from `coll`
+     * and a callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callback
+     * takes 2 arguments: an `error`, and the transformed item from `coll`. If
+     * `iteratee` passes an error to its callback, the main `callback` (for the
+     * `map` function) is immediately called with the error.
+     *
+     * Note, that since this function applies the `iteratee` to each item in
+     * parallel, there is no guarantee that the `iteratee` functions will complete
+     * in order. However, the results array will be in the same order as the
+     * original `coll`.
+     *
+     * If `map` is passed an Object, the results will be an Array.  The results
+     * will roughly be in the order of the original Objects' keys (but this can
+     * vary across JavaScript engines)
+     *
+     * @name map
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
+     * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
+     * transformed item. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
+     * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an Array of the
+     * transformed items from the `coll`. Invoked with (err, results).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.map(['file1','file2','file3'], fs.stat, function(err, results) {
+     *     // results is now an array of stats for each file
+     * });
+     */
+    var map = doParallel(_asyncMap);
+
+    /**
+     * Applies the provided arguments to each function in the array, calling
+     * `callback` after all functions have completed. If you only provide the first
+     * argument, then it will return a function which lets you pass in the
+     * arguments as if it were a single function call.
+     *
+     * @name applyEach
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} fns - A collection of asynchronous functions to all
+     * call with the same arguments
+     * @param {...*} [args] - any number of separate arguments to pass to the
+     * function.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - the final argument should be the callback,
+     * called when all functions have completed processing.
+     * @returns {Function} - If only the first argument is provided, it will return
+     * a function which lets you pass in the arguments as if it were a single
+     * function call.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema], 'bucket', callback);
+     *
+     * // partial application example:
+     * async.each(
+     *     buckets,
+     *     async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema]),
+     *     callback
+     * );
+     */
+    var applyEach = applyEach$1(map);
+
+    function doParallelLimit(fn) {
+        return function (obj, limit, iteratee, callback) {
+            return fn(_eachOfLimit(limit), obj, iteratee, callback);
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`map`]{@link module:Collections.map} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
+     *
+     * @name mapLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
+     * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a transformed
+     * item. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
+     * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the
+     * transformed items from the `coll`. Invoked with (err, results).
+     */
+    var mapLimit = doParallelLimit(_asyncMap);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`map`]{@link module:Collections.map} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name mapSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
+     * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
+     * transformed item. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
+     * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the
+     * transformed items from the `coll`. Invoked with (err, results).
+     */
+    var mapSeries = doLimit(mapLimit, 1);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`applyEach`]{@link module:ControlFlow.applyEach} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name applyEachSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.applyEach]{@link module:ControlFlow.applyEach}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} fns - A collection of asynchronous functions to all
+     * call with the same arguments
+     * @param {...*} [args] - any number of separate arguments to pass to the
+     * function.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - the final argument should be the callback,
+     * called when all functions have completed processing.
+     * @returns {Function} - If only the first argument is provided, it will return
+     * a function which lets you pass in the arguments as if it were a single
+     * function call.
+     */
+    var applyEachSeries = applyEach$1(mapSeries);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a continuation function with some arguments already applied.
+     *
+     * Useful as a shorthand when combined with other control flow functions. Any
+     * arguments passed to the returned function are added to the arguments
+     * originally passed to apply.
+     *
+     * @name apply
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} function - The function you want to eventually apply all
+     * arguments to. Invokes with (arguments...).
+     * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to automatically apply
+     * when the continuation is called.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // using apply
+     * async.parallel([
+     *     async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile1', 'test1'),
+     *     async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile2', 'test2')
+     * ]);
+     *
+     *
+     * // the same process without using apply
+     * async.parallel([
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         fs.writeFile('testfile1', 'test1', callback);
+     *     },
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         fs.writeFile('testfile2', 'test2', callback);
+     *     }
+     * ]);
+     *
+     * // It's possible to pass any number of additional arguments when calling the
+     * // continuation:
+     *
+     * node> var fn = async.apply(sys.puts, 'one');
+     * node> fn('two', 'three');
+     * one
+     * two
+     * three
+     */
+    var apply$1 = rest(function (fn, args) {
+        return rest(function (callArgs) {
+            return fn.apply(null, args.concat(callArgs));
+        });
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Take a sync function and make it async, passing its return value to a
+     * callback. This is useful for plugging sync functions into a waterfall,
+     * series, or other async functions. Any arguments passed to the generated
+     * function will be passed to the wrapped function (except for the final
+     * callback argument). Errors thrown will be passed to the callback.
+     *
+     * If the function passed to `asyncify` returns a Promise, that promises's
+     * resolved/rejected state will be used to call the callback, rather than simply
+     * the synchronous return value.
+     *
+     * This also means you can asyncify ES2016 `async` functions.
+     *
+     * @name asyncify
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @alias wrapSync
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} func - The synchronous function to convert to an
+     * asynchronous function.
+     * @returns {Function} An asynchronous wrapper of the `func`. To be invoked with
+     * (callback).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // passing a regular synchronous function
+     * async.waterfall([
+     *     async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
+     *     async.asyncify(JSON.parse),
+     *     function (data, next) {
+     *         // data is the result of parsing the text.
+     *         // If there was a parsing error, it would have been caught.
+     *     }
+     * ], callback);
+     *
+     * // passing a function returning a promise
+     * async.waterfall([
+     *     async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
+     *     async.asyncify(function (contents) {
+     *         return db.model.create(contents);
+     *     }),
+     *     function (model, next) {
+     *         // `model` is the instantiated model object.
+     *         // If there was an error, this function would be skipped.
+     *     }
+     * ], callback);
+     *
+     * // es6 example
+     * var q = async.queue(async.asyncify(async function(file) {
+     *     var intermediateStep = await processFile(file);
+     *     return await somePromise(intermediateStep)
+     * }));
+     *
+     * q.push(files);
+     */
+    function asyncify(func) {
+        return initialParams(function (args, callback) {
+            var result;
+            try {
+                result = func.apply(this, args);
+            } catch (e) {
+                return callback(e);
+            }
+            // if result is Promise object
+            if (isObject(result) && typeof result.then === 'function') {
+                result.then(function (value) {
+                    callback(null, value);
+                }, function (err) {
+                    callback(err.message ? err : new Error(err));
+                });
+            } else {
+                callback(null, result);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.forEach` for arrays without support for
+     * iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+    function arrayEach(array, iteratee) {
       var index = -1,
-          iterable = Object(object),
-          props = keysFunc(object),
-          length = props.length;
+          length = array ? array.length : 0;
 
-      while (length--) {
-        var key = props[fromRight ? length : ++index];
-        if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        if (iteratee(array[index], index, array) === false) {
           break;
         }
       }
-      return object;
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `baseForOwn` which iterates over `object`
-   * properties returned by `keysFunc` and invokes `iteratee` for each property.
-   * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
-   * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
-   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
-   */
-  var baseFor = createBaseFor();
-
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for iteratee shorthands.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
-   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
-   */
-  function baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {
-    return object && baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `NaN` is found in `array`.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
-   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
-   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
-   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched `NaN`, else `-1`.
-   */
-  function indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex, fromRight) {
-    var length = array.length,
-        index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 1 : -1);
-
-    while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
-      var other = array[index];
-      if (other !== other) {
-        return index;
-      }
+      return array;
     }
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without `fromIndex` bounds checks.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
-   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
-   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
-   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
-   */
-  function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
-    if (value !== value) {
-      return indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a base function for methods like `_.forIn` and `_.forOwn`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
+     */
+    function createBaseFor(fromRight) {
+      return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {
+        var index = -1,
+            iterable = Object(object),
+            props = keysFunc(object),
+            length = props.length;
+
+        while (length--) {
+          var key = props[fromRight ? length : ++index];
+          if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        return object;
+      };
     }
-    var index = fromIndex - 1,
-        length = array.length;
 
-    while (++index < length) {
-      if (array[index] === value) {
-        return index;
-      }
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `baseForOwn` which iterates over `object`
+     * properties returned by `keysFunc` and invokes `iteratee` for each property.
+     * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    var baseFor = createBaseFor();
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    function baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {
+      return object && baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);
     }
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Determines the best order for running the functions in `tasks`, based on
-   * their requirements. Each function can optionally depend on other functions
-   * being completed first, and each function is run as soon as its requirements
-   * are satisfied.
-   *
-   * If any of the functions pass an error to their callback, the `auto` sequence
-   * will stop. Further tasks will not execute (so any other functions depending
-   * on it will not run), and the main `callback` is immediately called with the
-   * error.
-   *
-   * Functions also receive an object containing the results of functions which
-   * have completed so far as the first argument, if they have dependencies. If a
-   * task function has no dependencies, it will only be passed a callback.
-   *
-   * @name auto
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Object} tasks - An object. Each of its properties is either a
-   * function or an array of requirements, with the function itself the last item
-   * in the array. The object's key of a property serves as the name of the task
-   * defined by that property, i.e. can be used when specifying requirements for
-   * other tasks. The function receives one or two arguments:
-   * * a `results` object, containing the results of the previously executed
-   *   functions, only passed if the task has any dependencies,
-   * * a `callback(err, result)` function, which must be called when finished,
-   *   passing an `error` (which can be `null`) and the result of the function's
-   *   execution.
-   * @param {number} [concurrency=Infinity] - An optional `integer` for
-   * determining the maximum number of tasks that can be run in parallel. By
-   * default, as many as possible.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when all
-   * the tasks have been completed. It receives the `err` argument if any `tasks`
-   * pass an error to their callback. Results are always returned; however, if an
-   * error occurs, no further `tasks` will be performed, and the results object
-   * will only contain partial results. Invoked with (err, results).
-   * @returns undefined
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.auto({
-   *     // this function will just be passed a callback
-   *     readData: async.apply(fs.readFile, 'data.txt', 'utf-8'),
-   *     showData: ['readData', function(results, cb) {
-   *         // results.readData is the file's contents
-   *         // ...
-   *     }]
-   * }, callback);
-   *
-   * async.auto({
-   *     get_data: function(callback) {
-   *         console.log('in get_data');
-   *         // async code to get some data
-   *         callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
-   *     },
-   *     make_folder: function(callback) {
-   *         console.log('in make_folder');
-   *         // async code to create a directory to store a file in
-   *         // this is run at the same time as getting the data
-   *         callback(null, 'folder');
-   *     },
-   *     write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(results, callback) {
-   *         console.log('in write_file', JSON.stringify(results));
-   *         // once there is some data and the directory exists,
-   *         // write the data to a file in the directory
-   *         callback(null, 'filename');
-   *     }],
-   *     email_link: ['write_file', function(results, callback) {
-   *         console.log('in email_link', JSON.stringify(results));
-   *         // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
-   *         // results.write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
-   *         callback(null, {'file':results.write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
-   *     }]
-   * }, function(err, results) {
-   *     console.log('err = ', err);
-   *     console.log('results = ', results);
-   * });
-   */
-  function auto (tasks, concurrency, callback) {
-      if (typeof concurrency === 'function') {
-          // concurrency is optional, shift the args.
-          callback = concurrency;
-          concurrency = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `NaN` is found in `array`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched `NaN`, else `-1`.
+     */
+    function indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex, fromRight) {
+      var length = array.length,
+          index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 1 : -1);
+
+      while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
+        var other = array[index];
+        if (other !== other) {
+          return index;
+        }
       }
-      callback = once(callback || noop);
-      var keys$$ = keys(tasks);
-      var numTasks = keys$$.length;
-      if (!numTasks) {
-          return callback(null);
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without `fromIndex` bounds checks.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+     */
+    function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+      if (value !== value) {
+        return indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex);
       }
-      if (!concurrency) {
-          concurrency = numTasks;
+      var index = fromIndex - 1,
+          length = array.length;
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        if (array[index] === value) {
+          return index;
+        }
       }
+      return -1;
+    }
 
-      var results = {};
-      var runningTasks = 0;
-      var hasError = false;
+    /**
+     * Determines the best order for running the functions in `tasks`, based on
+     * their requirements. Each function can optionally depend on other functions
+     * being completed first, and each function is run as soon as its requirements
+     * are satisfied.
+     *
+     * If any of the functions pass an error to their callback, the `auto` sequence
+     * will stop. Further tasks will not execute (so any other functions depending
+     * on it will not run), and the main `callback` is immediately called with the
+     * error.
+     *
+     * Functions also receive an object containing the results of functions which
+     * have completed so far as the first argument, if they have dependencies. If a
+     * task function has no dependencies, it will only be passed a callback.
+     *
+     * @name auto
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Object} tasks - An object. Each of its properties is either a
+     * function or an array of requirements, with the function itself the last item
+     * in the array. The object's key of a property serves as the name of the task
+     * defined by that property, i.e. can be used when specifying requirements for
+     * other tasks. The function receives one or two arguments:
+     * * a `results` object, containing the results of the previously executed
+     *   functions, only passed if the task has any dependencies,
+     * * a `callback(err, result)` function, which must be called when finished,
+     *   passing an `error` (which can be `null`) and the result of the function's
+     *   execution.
+     * @param {number} [concurrency=Infinity] - An optional `integer` for
+     * determining the maximum number of tasks that can be run in parallel. By
+     * default, as many as possible.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when all
+     * the tasks have been completed. It receives the `err` argument if any `tasks`
+     * pass an error to their callback. Results are always returned; however, if an
+     * error occurs, no further `tasks` will be performed, and the results object
+     * will only contain partial results. Invoked with (err, results).
+     * @returns undefined
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.auto({
+     *     // this function will just be passed a callback
+     *     readData: async.apply(fs.readFile, 'data.txt', 'utf-8'),
+     *     showData: ['readData', function(results, cb) {
+     *         // results.readData is the file's contents
+     *         // ...
+     *     }]
+     * }, callback);
+     *
+     * async.auto({
+     *     get_data: function(callback) {
+     *         console.log('in get_data');
+     *         // async code to get some data
+     *         callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
+     *     },
+     *     make_folder: function(callback) {
+     *         console.log('in make_folder');
+     *         // async code to create a directory to store a file in
+     *         // this is run at the same time as getting the data
+     *         callback(null, 'folder');
+     *     },
+     *     write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(results, callback) {
+     *         console.log('in write_file', JSON.stringify(results));
+     *         // once there is some data and the directory exists,
+     *         // write the data to a file in the directory
+     *         callback(null, 'filename');
+     *     }],
+     *     email_link: ['write_file', function(results, callback) {
+     *         console.log('in email_link', JSON.stringify(results));
+     *         // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
+     *         // results.write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
+     *         callback(null, {'file':results.write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
+     *     }]
+     * }, function(err, results) {
+     *     console.log('err = ', err);
+     *     console.log('results = ', results);
+     * });
+     */
+    function auto (tasks, concurrency, callback) {
+        if (typeof concurrency === 'function') {
+            // concurrency is optional, shift the args.
+            callback = concurrency;
+            concurrency = null;
+        }
+        callback = once(callback || noop);
+        var keys$$ = keys(tasks);
+        var numTasks = keys$$.length;
+        if (!numTasks) {
+            return callback(null);
+        }
+        if (!concurrency) {
+            concurrency = numTasks;
+        }
 
-      var listeners = {};
+        var results = {};
+        var runningTasks = 0;
+        var hasError = false;
+
+        var listeners = {};
+
+        var readyTasks = [];
+
+        // for cycle detection:
+        var readyToCheck = []; // tasks that have been identified as reachable
+        // without the possibility of returning to an ancestor task
+        var uncheckedDependencies = {};
+
+        baseForOwn(tasks, function (task, key) {
+            if (!isArray(task)) {
+                // no dependencies
+                enqueueTask(key, [task]);
+                readyToCheck.push(key);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var dependencies = task.slice(0, task.length - 1);
+            var remainingDependencies = dependencies.length;
+            if (remainingDependencies === 0) {
+                enqueueTask(key, task);
+                readyToCheck.push(key);
+                return;
+            }
+            uncheckedDependencies[key] = remainingDependencies;
+
+            arrayEach(dependencies, function (dependencyName) {
+                if (!tasks[dependencyName]) {
+                    throw new Error('async.auto task `' + key + '` has a non-existent dependency in ' + dependencies.join(', '));
+                }
+                addListener(dependencyName, function () {
+                    remainingDependencies--;
+                    if (remainingDependencies === 0) {
+                        enqueueTask(key, task);
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+        });
+
+        checkForDeadlocks();
+        processQueue();
+
+        function enqueueTask(key, task) {
+            readyTasks.push(function () {
+                runTask(key, task);
+            });
+        }
 
-      var readyTasks = [];
+        function processQueue() {
+            if (readyTasks.length === 0 && runningTasks === 0) {
+                return callback(null, results);
+            }
+            while (readyTasks.length && runningTasks < concurrency) {
+                var run = readyTasks.shift();
+                run();
+            }
+        }
 
-      // for cycle detection:
-      var readyToCheck = []; // tasks that have been identified as reachable
-      // without the possibility of returning to an ancestor task
-      var uncheckedDependencies = {};
+        function addListener(taskName, fn) {
+            var taskListeners = listeners[taskName];
+            if (!taskListeners) {
+                taskListeners = listeners[taskName] = [];
+            }
 
-      baseForOwn(tasks, function (task, key) {
-          if (!isArray(task)) {
-              // no dependencies
-              enqueueTask(key, [task]);
-              readyToCheck.push(key);
-              return;
-          }
+            taskListeners.push(fn);
+        }
 
-          var dependencies = task.slice(0, task.length - 1);
-          var remainingDependencies = dependencies.length;
-          if (remainingDependencies === 0) {
-              enqueueTask(key, task);
-              readyToCheck.push(key);
-              return;
-          }
-          uncheckedDependencies[key] = remainingDependencies;
-
-          arrayEach(dependencies, function (dependencyName) {
-              if (!tasks[dependencyName]) {
-                  throw new Error('async.auto task `' + key + '` has a non-existent dependency in ' + dependencies.join(', '));
-              }
-              addListener(dependencyName, function () {
-                  remainingDependencies--;
-                  if (remainingDependencies === 0) {
-                      enqueueTask(key, task);
-                  }
-              });
-          });
-      });
-
-      checkForDeadlocks();
-      processQueue();
-
-      function enqueueTask(key, task) {
-          readyTasks.push(function () {
-              runTask(key, task);
-          });
+        function taskComplete(taskName) {
+            var taskListeners = listeners[taskName] || [];
+            arrayEach(taskListeners, function (fn) {
+                fn();
+            });
+            processQueue();
+        }
+
+        function runTask(key, task) {
+            if (hasError) return;
+
+            var taskCallback = onlyOnce(rest(function (err, args) {
+                runningTasks--;
+                if (args.length <= 1) {
+                    args = args[0];
+                }
+                if (err) {
+                    var safeResults = {};
+                    baseForOwn(results, function (val, rkey) {
+                        safeResults[rkey] = val;
+                    });
+                    safeResults[key] = args;
+                    hasError = true;
+                    listeners = [];
+
+                    callback(err, safeResults);
+                } else {
+                    results[key] = args;
+                    taskComplete(key);
+                }
+            }));
+
+            runningTasks++;
+            var taskFn = task[task.length - 1];
+            if (task.length > 1) {
+                taskFn(results, taskCallback);
+            } else {
+                taskFn(taskCallback);
+            }
+        }
+
+        function checkForDeadlocks() {
+            // Kahn's algorithm
+            // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_sorting#Kahn.27s_algorithm
+            // http://connalle.blogspot.com/2013/10/topological-sortingkahn-algorithm.html
+            var currentTask;
+            var counter = 0;
+            while (readyToCheck.length) {
+                currentTask = readyToCheck.pop();
+                counter++;
+                arrayEach(getDependents(currentTask), function (dependent) {
+                    if (--uncheckedDependencies[dependent] === 0) {
+                        readyToCheck.push(dependent);
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            if (counter !== numTasks) {
+                throw new Error('async.auto cannot execute tasks due to a recursive dependency');
+            }
+        }
+
+        function getDependents(taskName) {
+            var result = [];
+            baseForOwn(tasks, function (task, key) {
+                if (isArray(task) && baseIndexOf(task, taskName, 0) >= 0) {
+                    result.push(key);
+                }
+            });
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for iteratee
+     * shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
+     */
+    function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = array ? array.length : 0,
+          result = Array(length);
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
       }
+      return result;
+    }
 
-      function processQueue() {
-          if (readyTasks.length === 0 && runningTasks === 0) {
-              return callback(null, results);
-          }
-          while (readyTasks.length && runningTasks < concurrency) {
-              var run = readyTasks.shift();
-              run();
-          }
+    /**
+     * Copies the values of `source` to `array`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from.
+     * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+    function copyArray(source, array) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = source.length;
+
+      array || (array = Array(length));
+      while (++index < length) {
+        array[index] = source[index];
       }
+      return array;
+    }
 
-      function addListener(taskName, fn) {
-          var taskListeners = listeners[taskName];
-          if (!taskListeners) {
-              taskListeners = listeners[taskName] = [];
-          }
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a global object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {null|Object} Returns `value` if it's a global object, else `null`.
+     */
+    function checkGlobal(value) {
+      return (value && value.Object === Object) ? value : null;
+    }
 
-          taskListeners.push(fn);
+    /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
+    var freeGlobal = checkGlobal(typeof global == 'object' && global);
+
+    /** Detect free variable `self`. */
+    var freeSelf = checkGlobal(typeof self == 'object' && self);
+
+    /** Detect `this` as the global object. */
+    var thisGlobal = checkGlobal(typeof this == 'object' && this);
+
+    /** Used as a reference to the global object. */
+    var root = freeGlobal || freeSelf || thisGlobal || Function('return this')();
+
+    /** Built-in value references. */
+    var Symbol$1 = root.Symbol;
+
+    /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
+    var INFINITY$1 = 1 / 0;
+
+    /** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */
+    var symbolProto = Symbol$1 ? Symbol$1.prototype : undefined;
+    var symbolToString = symbolProto ? symbolProto.toString : undefined;
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.toString` which doesn't convert nullish
+     * values to empty strings.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the string.
+     */
+    function baseToString(value) {
+      // Exit early for strings to avoid a performance hit in some environments.
+      if (typeof value == 'string') {
+        return value;
       }
+      if (isSymbol(value)) {
+        return symbolToString ? symbolToString.call(value) : '';
+      }
+      var result = (value + '');
+      return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY$1) ? '-0' : result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     */
+    function baseSlice(array, start, end) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = array.length;
 
-      function taskComplete(taskName) {
-          var taskListeners = listeners[taskName] || [];
-          arrayEach(taskListeners, function (fn) {
-              fn();
-          });
-          processQueue();
+      if (start < 0) {
+        start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
+      }
+      end = end > length ? length : end;
+      if (end < 0) {
+        end += length;
       }
+      length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);
+      start >>>= 0;
 
-      function runTask(key, task) {
-          if (hasError) return;
-
-          var taskCallback = onlyOnce(rest(function (err, args) {
-              runningTasks--;
-              if (args.length <= 1) {
-                  args = args[0];
-              }
-              if (err) {
-                  var safeResults = {};
-                  baseForOwn(results, function (val, rkey) {
-                      safeResults[rkey] = val;
-                  });
-                  safeResults[key] = args;
-                  hasError = true;
-                  listeners = [];
-
-                  callback(err, safeResults);
-              } else {
-                  results[key] = args;
-                  taskComplete(key);
-              }
-          }));
-
-          runningTasks++;
-          var taskFn = task[task.length - 1];
-          if (task.length > 1) {
-              taskFn(results, taskCallback);
-          } else {
-              taskFn(taskCallback);
-          }
+      var result = Array(length);
+      while (++index < length) {
+        result[index] = array[index + start];
       }
+      return result;
+    }
 
-      function checkForDeadlocks() {
-          // Kahn's algorithm
-          // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_sorting#Kahn.27s_algorithm
-          // http://connalle.blogspot.com/2013/10/topological-sortingkahn-algorithm.html
-          var currentTask;
-          var counter = 0;
-          while (readyToCheck.length) {
-              currentTask = readyToCheck.pop();
-              counter++;
-              arrayEach(getDependents(currentTask), function (dependent) {
-                  if (! --uncheckedDependencies[dependent]) {
-                      readyToCheck.push(dependent);
-                  }
-              });
-          }
+    /**
+     * Casts `array` to a slice if it's needed.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {number} start The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the cast slice.
+     */
+    function castSlice(array, start, end) {
+      var length = array.length;
+      end = end === undefined ? length : end;
+      return (!start && end >= length) ? array : baseSlice(array, start, end);
+    }
 
-          if (counter !== numTasks) {
-              throw new Error('async.auto cannot execute tasks due to a recursive dependency');
-          }
-      }
+    /**
+     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimEnd` to get the index of the last string symbol
+     * that is not found in the character symbols.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} strSymbols The string symbols to inspect.
+     * @param {Array} chrSymbols The character symbols to find.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last unmatched string symbol.
+     */
+    function charsEndIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) {
+      var index = strSymbols.length;
+
+      while (index-- && baseIndexOf(chrSymbols, strSymbols[index], 0) > -1) {}
+      return index;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimStart` to get the index of the first string symbol
+     * that is not found in the character symbols.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} strSymbols The string symbols to inspect.
+     * @param {Array} chrSymbols The character symbols to find.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first unmatched string symbol.
+     */
+    function charsStartIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = strSymbols.length;
+
+      while (++index < length && baseIndexOf(chrSymbols, strSymbols[index], 0) > -1) {}
+      return index;
+    }
 
-      function getDependents(taskName) {
-          var result = [];
-          baseForOwn(tasks, function (task, key) {
-              if (isArray(task) && baseIndexOf(task, taskName, 0) >= 0) {
-                  result.push(key);
-              }
-          });
-          return result;
+    /** Used to compose unicode character classes. */
+    var rsAstralRange = '\\ud800-\\udfff';
+    var rsComboMarksRange = '\\u0300-\\u036f\\ufe20-\\ufe23';
+    var rsComboSymbolsRange = '\\u20d0-\\u20f0';
+    var rsVarRange = '\\ufe0e\\ufe0f';
+    var rsAstral = '[' + rsAstralRange + ']';
+    var rsCombo = '[' + rsComboMarksRange + rsComboSymbolsRange + ']';
+    var rsFitz = '\\ud83c[\\udffb-\\udfff]';
+    var rsModifier = '(?:' + rsCombo + '|' + rsFitz + ')';
+    var rsNonAstral = '[^' + rsAstralRange + ']';
+    var rsRegional = '(?:\\ud83c[\\udde6-\\uddff]){2}';
+    var rsSurrPair = '[\\ud800-\\udbff][\\udc00-\\udfff]';
+    var rsZWJ = '\\u200d';
+    var reOptMod = rsModifier + '?';
+    var rsOptVar = '[' + rsVarRange + ']?';
+    var rsOptJoin = '(?:' + rsZWJ + '(?:' + [rsNonAstral, rsRegional, rsSurrPair].join('|') + ')' + rsOptVar + reOptMod + ')*';
+    var rsSeq = rsOptVar + reOptMod + rsOptJoin;
+    var rsSymbol = '(?:' + [rsNonAstral + rsCombo + '?', rsCombo, rsRegional, rsSurrPair, rsAstral].join('|') + ')';
+    /** Used to match [string symbols](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode). */
+    var reComplexSymbol = RegExp(rsFitz + '(?=' + rsFitz + ')|' + rsSymbol + rsSeq, 'g');
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string` to an array.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} string The string to convert.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
+     */
+    function stringToArray(string) {
+      return string.match(reComplexSymbol);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a string. An empty string is returned for `null`
+     * and `undefined` values. The sign of `-0` is preserved.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toString(null);
+     * // => ''
+     *
+     * _.toString(-0);
+     * // => '-0'
+     *
+     * _.toString([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => '1,2,3'
+     */
+    function toString(value) {
+      return value == null ? '' : baseToString(value);
+    }
+
+    /** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
+    var reTrim$1 = /^\s+|\s+$/g;
+
+    /**
+     * Removes leading and trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
+     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.trim('  abc  ');
+     * // => 'abc'
+     *
+     * _.trim('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
+     * // => 'abc'
+     *
+     * _.map(['  foo  ', '  bar  '], _.trim);
+     * // => ['foo', 'bar']
+     */
+    function trim(string, chars, guard) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      if (string && (guard || chars === undefined)) {
+        return string.replace(reTrim$1, '');
+      }
+      if (!string || !(chars = baseToString(chars))) {
+        return string;
       }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for iteratee
-   * shorthands.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
-   */
-  function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
-    var index = -1,
-        length = array ? array.length : 0,
-        result = Array(length);
-
-    while (++index < length) {
-      result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
+      var strSymbols = stringToArray(string),
+          chrSymbols = stringToArray(chars),
+          start = charsStartIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols),
+          end = charsEndIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) + 1;
+
+      return castSlice(strSymbols, start, end).join('');
+    }
+
+    var FN_ARGS = /^(function)?\s*[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m;
+    var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
+    var FN_ARG = /(=.+)?(\s*)$/;
+    var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
+
+    function parseParams(func) {
+        func = func.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '');
+        func = func.match(FN_ARGS)[2].replace(' ', '');
+        func = func ? func.split(FN_ARG_SPLIT) : [];
+        func = func.map(function (arg) {
+            return trim(arg.replace(FN_ARG, ''));
+        });
+        return func;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A dependency-injected version of the [async.auto]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto} function. Dependent
+     * tasks are specified as parameters to the function, after the usual callback
+     * parameter, with the parameter names matching the names of the tasks it
+     * depends on. This can provide even more readable task graphs which can be
+     * easier to maintain.
+     *
+     * If a final callback is specified, the task results are similarly injected,
+     * specified as named parameters after the initial error parameter.
+     *
+     * The autoInject function is purely syntactic sugar and its semantics are
+     * otherwise equivalent to [async.auto]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto}.
+     *
+     * @name autoInject
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.auto]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Object} tasks - An object, each of whose properties is a function of
+     * the form 'func([dependencies...], callback). The object's key of a property
+     * serves as the name of the task defined by that property, i.e. can be used
+     * when specifying requirements for other tasks.
+     * * The `callback` parameter is a `callback(err, result)` which must be called
+     *   when finished, passing an `error` (which can be `null`) and the result of
+     *   the function's execution. The remaining parameters name other tasks on
+     *   which the task is dependent, and the results from those tasks are the
+     *   arguments of those parameters.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when all
+     * the tasks have been completed. It receives the `err` argument if any `tasks`
+     * pass an error to their callback, and a `results` object with any completed
+     * task results, similar to `auto`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * //  The example from `auto` can be rewritten as follows:
+     * async.autoInject({
+     *     get_data: function(callback) {
+     *         // async code to get some data
+     *         callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
+     *     },
+     *     make_folder: function(callback) {
+     *         // async code to create a directory to store a file in
+     *         // this is run at the same time as getting the data
+     *         callback(null, 'folder');
+     *     },
+     *     write_file: function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
+     *         // once there is some data and the directory exists,
+     *         // write the data to a file in the directory
+     *         callback(null, 'filename');
+     *     },
+     *     email_link: function(write_file, callback) {
+     *         // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
+     *         // write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
+     *         callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
+     *     }
+     * }, function(err, results) {
+     *     console.log('err = ', err);
+     *     console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
+     * });
+     *
+     * // If you are using a JS minifier that mangles parameter names, `autoInject`
+     * // will not work with plain functions, since the parameter names will be
+     * // collapsed to a single letter identifier.  To work around this, you can
+     * // explicitly specify the names of the parameters your task function needs
+     * // in an array, similar to Angular.js dependency injection.
+     *
+     * // This still has an advantage over plain `auto`, since the results a task
+     * // depends on are still spread into arguments.
+     * async.autoInject({
+     *     //...
+     *     write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
+     *         callback(null, 'filename');
+     *     }],
+     *     email_link: ['write_file', function(write_file, callback) {
+     *         callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
+     *     }]
+     *     //...
+     * }, function(err, results) {
+     *     console.log('err = ', err);
+     *     console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
+     * });
+     */
+    function autoInject(tasks, callback) {
+        var newTasks = {};
+
+        baseForOwn(tasks, function (taskFn, key) {
+            var params;
+
+            if (isArray(taskFn)) {
+                params = copyArray(taskFn);
+                taskFn = params.pop();
+
+                newTasks[key] = params.concat(params.length > 0 ? newTask : taskFn);
+            } else if (taskFn.length === 1) {
+                // no dependencies, use the function as-is
+                newTasks[key] = taskFn;
+            } else {
+                params = parseParams(taskFn);
+                if (taskFn.length === 0 && params.length === 0) {
+                    throw new Error("autoInject task functions require explicit parameters.");
+                }
+
+                params.pop();
+
+                newTasks[key] = params.concat(newTask);
+            }
+
+            function newTask(results, taskCb) {
+                var newArgs = arrayMap(params, function (name) {
+                    return results[name];
+                });
+                newArgs.push(taskCb);
+                taskFn.apply(null, newArgs);
+            }
+        });
+
+        auto(newTasks, callback);
+    }
+
+    var hasSetImmediate = typeof setImmediate === 'function' && setImmediate;
+    var hasNextTick = typeof process === 'object' && typeof process.nextTick === 'function';
+
+    function fallback(fn) {
+        setTimeout(fn, 0);
+    }
+
+    function wrap(defer) {
+        return rest(function (fn, args) {
+            defer(function () {
+                fn.apply(null, args);
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    var _defer;
+
+    if (hasSetImmediate) {
+        _defer = setImmediate;
+    } else if (hasNextTick) {
+        _defer = process.nextTick;
+    } else {
+        _defer = fallback;
+    }
+
+    var setImmediate$1 = wrap(_defer);
+
+    // Simple doubly linked list (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubly_linked_list) implementation
+    // used for queues. This implementation assumes that the node provided by the user can be modified
+    // to adjust the next and last properties. We implement only the minimal functionality
+    // for queue support.
+    function DLL() {
+        this.head = this.tail = null;
+        this.length = 0;
+    }
+
+    function setInitial(dll, node) {
+        dll.length = 1;
+        dll.head = dll.tail = node;
+    }
+
+    DLL.prototype.removeLink = function (node) {
+        if (node.prev) node.prev.next = node.next;else this.head = node.next;
+        if (node.next) node.next.prev = node.prev;else this.tail = node.prev;
+
+        node.prev = node.next = null;
+        this.length -= 1;
+        return node;
+    };
+
+    DLL.prototype.empty = DLL;
+
+    DLL.prototype.insertAfter = function (node, newNode) {
+        newNode.prev = node;
+        newNode.next = node.next;
+        if (node.next) node.next.prev = newNode;else this.tail = newNode;
+        node.next = newNode;
+        this.length += 1;
+    };
+
+    DLL.prototype.insertBefore = function (node, newNode) {
+        newNode.prev = node.prev;
+        newNode.next = node;
+        if (node.prev) node.prev.next = newNode;else this.head = newNode;
+        node.prev = newNode;
+        this.length += 1;
+    };
+
+    DLL.prototype.unshift = function (node) {
+        if (this.head) this.insertBefore(this.head, node);else setInitial(this, node);
+    };
+
+    DLL.prototype.push = function (node) {
+        if (this.tail) this.insertAfter(this.tail, node);else setInitial(this, node);
+    };
+
+    DLL.prototype.shift = function () {
+        return this.head && this.removeLink(this.head);
+    };
+
+    DLL.prototype.pop = function () {
+        return this.tail && this.removeLink(this.tail);
+    };
+
+    function queue(worker, concurrency, payload) {
+        if (concurrency == null) {
+            concurrency = 1;
+        } else if (concurrency === 0) {
+            throw new Error('Concurrency must not be zero');
+        }
+
+        function _insert(data, insertAtFront, callback) {
+            if (callback != null && typeof callback !== 'function') {
+                throw new Error('task callback must be a function');
+            }
+            q.started = true;
+            if (!isArray(data)) {
+                data = [data];
+            }
+            if (data.length === 0 && q.idle()) {
+                // call drain immediately if there are no tasks
+                return setImmediate$1(function () {
+                    q.drain();
+                });
+            }
+            arrayEach(data, function (task) {
+                var item = {
+                    data: task,
+                    callback: callback || noop
+                };
+
+                if (insertAtFront) {
+                    q._tasks.unshift(item);
+                } else {
+                    q._tasks.push(item);
+                }
+            });
+            setImmediate$1(q.process);
+        }
+
+        function _next(tasks) {
+            return rest(function (args) {
+                workers -= 1;
+
+                arrayEach(tasks, function (task) {
+                    arrayEach(workersList, function (worker, index) {
+                        if (worker === task) {
+                            workersList.splice(index, 1);
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                    task.callback.apply(task, args);
+
+                    if (args[0] != null) {
+                        q.error(args[0], task.data);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                if (workers <= q.concurrency - q.buffer) {
+                    q.unsaturated();
+                }
+
+                if (q.idle()) {
+                    q.drain();
+                }
+                q.process();
+            });
+        }
+
+        var workers = 0;
+        var workersList = [];
+        var q = {
+            _tasks: new DLL(),
+            concurrency: concurrency,
+            payload: payload,
+            saturated: noop,
+            unsaturated: noop,
+            buffer: concurrency / 4,
+            empty: noop,
+            drain: noop,
+            error: noop,
+            started: false,
+            paused: false,
+            push: function (data, callback) {
+                _insert(data, false, callback);
+            },
+            kill: function () {
+                q.drain = noop;
+                q._tasks.empty();
+            },
+            unshift: function (data, callback) {
+                _insert(data, true, callback);
+            },
+            process: function () {
+                while (!q.paused && workers < q.concurrency && q._tasks.length) {
+                    var tasks = [],
+                        data = [];
+                    var l = q._tasks.length;
+                    if (q.payload) l = Math.min(l, q.payload);
+                    for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                        var node = q._tasks.shift();
+                        tasks.push(node);
+                        data.push(node.data);
+                    }
+
+                    if (q._tasks.length === 0) {
+                        q.empty();
+                    }
+                    workers += 1;
+                    workersList.push(tasks[0]);
+
+                    if (workers === q.concurrency) {
+                        q.saturated();
+                    }
+
+                    var cb = onlyOnce(_next(tasks));
+                    worker(data, cb);
+                }
+            },
+            length: function () {
+                return q._tasks.length;
+            },
+            running: function () {
+                return workers;
+            },
+            workersList: function () {
+                return workersList;
+            },
+            idle: function () {
+                return q._tasks.length + workers === 0;
+            },
+            pause: function () {
+                q.paused = true;
+            },
+            resume: function () {
+                if (q.paused === false) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                q.paused = false;
+                var resumeCount = Math.min(q.concurrency, q._tasks.length);
+                // Need to call q.process once per concurrent
+                // worker to preserve full concurrency after pause
+                for (var w = 1; w <= resumeCount; w++) {
+                    setImmediate$1(q.process);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        return q;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A cargo of tasks for the worker function to complete. Cargo inherits all of
+     * the same methods and event callbacks as [`queue`]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue}.
+     * @typedef {Object} CargoObject
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @property {Function} length - A function returning the number of items
+     * waiting to be processed. Invoke like `cargo.length()`.
+     * @property {number} payload - An `integer` for determining how many tasks
+     * should be process per round. This property can be changed after a `cargo` is
+     * created to alter the payload on-the-fly.
+     * @property {Function} push - Adds `task` to the `queue`. The callback is
+     * called once the `worker` has finished processing the task. Instead of a
+     * single task, an array of `tasks` can be submitted. The respective callback is
+     * used for every task in the list. Invoke like `cargo.push(task, [callback])`.
+     * @property {Function} saturated - A callback that is called when the
+     * `queue.length()` hits the concurrency and further tasks will be queued.
+     * @property {Function} empty - A callback that is called when the last item
+     * from the `queue` is given to a `worker`.
+     * @property {Function} drain - A callback that is called when the last item
+     * from the `queue` has returned from the `worker`.
+     * @property {Function} idle - a function returning false if there are items
+     * waiting or being processed, or true if not. Invoke like `cargo.idle()`.
+     * @property {Function} pause - a function that pauses the processing of tasks
+     * until `resume()` is called. Invoke like `cargo.pause()`.
+     * @property {Function} resume - a function that resumes the processing of
+     * queued tasks when the queue is paused. Invoke like `cargo.resume()`.
+     * @property {Function} kill - a function that removes the `drain` callback and
+     * empties remaining tasks from the queue forcing it to go idle. Invoke like `cargo.kill()`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `cargo` object with the specified payload. Tasks added to the
+     * cargo will be processed altogether (up to the `payload` limit). If the
+     * `worker` is in progress, the task is queued until it becomes available. Once
+     * the `worker` has completed some tasks, each callback of those tasks is
+     * called. Check out [these](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/6bbd36f4cf5b35a0f11a96dcd2e97711ffc2fb37/68747470733a2f2f662e636c6f75642e6769746875622e636f6d2f6173736574732f313637363837312f36383130382f62626330636662302d356632392d313165322d393734662d3333393763363464633835382e676966) [animations](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f4810e00e1c5f5f8addbe3e9f49064fd5d102699/68747470733a2f2f662e636c6f75642e6769746875622e636f6d2f6173736574732f313637363837312f36383130312f38346339323036362d356632392d313165322d383134662d3964336430323431336266642e676966)
+     * for how `cargo` and `queue` work.
+     *
+     * While [`queue`]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue} passes only one task to one of a group of workers
+     * at a time, cargo passes an array of tasks to a single worker, repeating
+     * when the worker is finished.
+     *
+     * @name cargo
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} worker - An asynchronous function for processing an array
+     * of queued tasks, which must call its `callback(err)` argument when finished,
+     * with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with `(tasks, callback)`.
+     * @param {number} [payload=Infinity] - An optional `integer` for determining
+     * how many tasks should be processed per round; if omitted, the default is
+     * unlimited.
+     * @returns {module:ControlFlow.CargoObject} A cargo object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can
+     * attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the
+     * lifecycle of the cargo and inner queue.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // create a cargo object with payload 2
+     * var cargo = async.cargo(function(tasks, callback) {
+     *     for (var i=0; i<tasks.length; i++) {
+     *         console.log('hello ' + tasks[i].name);
+     *     }
+     *     callback();
+     * }, 2);
+     *
+     * // add some items
+     * cargo.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
+     *     console.log('finished processing foo');
+     * });
+     * cargo.push({name: 'bar'}, function(err) {
+     *     console.log('finished processing bar');
+     * });
+     * cargo.push({name: 'baz'}, function(err) {
+     *     console.log('finished processing baz');
+     * });
+     */
+    function cargo(worker, payload) {
+      return queue(worker, 1, payload);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`eachOf`]{@link module:Collections.eachOf} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name eachOfSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.eachOf]{@link module:Collections.eachOf}
+     * @alias forEachOfSeries
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`. The
+     * `key` is the item's key, or index in the case of an array. The iteratee is
+     * passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once it has completed. If no
+     * error has occurred, the callback should be run without arguments or with an
+     * explicit `null` argument. Invoked with (item, key, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
+     * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
+     */
+    var eachOfSeries = doLimit(eachOfLimit, 1);
+
+    /**
+     * Reduces `coll` into a single value using an async `iteratee` to return each
+     * successive step. `memo` is the initial state of the reduction. This function
+     * only operates in series.
+     *
+     * For performance reasons, it may make sense to split a call to this function
+     * into a parallel map, and then use the normal `Array.prototype.reduce` on the
+     * results. This function is for situations where each step in the reduction
+     * needs to be async; if you can get the data before reducing it, then it's
+     * probably a good idea to do so.
+     *
+     * @name reduce
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @alias inject
+     * @alias foldl
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {*} memo - The initial state of the reduction.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function applied to each item in the
+     * array to produce the next step in the reduction. The `iteratee` is passed a
+     * `callback(err, reduction)` which accepts an optional error as its first
+     * argument, and the state of the reduction as the second. If an error is
+     * passed to the callback, the reduction is stopped and the main `callback` is
+     * immediately called with the error. Invoked with (memo, item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result is the reduced value. Invoked with
+     * (err, result).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.reduce([1,2,3], 0, function(memo, item, callback) {
+     *     // pointless async:
+     *     process.nextTick(function() {
+     *         callback(null, memo + item)
+     *     });
+     * }, function(err, result) {
+     *     // result is now equal to the last value of memo, which is 6
+     * });
+     */
+    function reduce(coll, memo, iteratee, callback) {
+        callback = once(callback || noop);
+        eachOfSeries(coll, function (x, i, callback) {
+            iteratee(memo, x, function (err, v) {
+                memo = v;
+                callback(err);
+            });
+        }, function (err) {
+            callback(err, memo);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Version of the compose function that is more natural to read. Each function
+     * consumes the return value of the previous function. It is the equivalent of
+     * [compose]{@link module:ControlFlow.compose} with the arguments reversed.
+     *
+     * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
+     *
+     * @name seq
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.compose]{@link module:ControlFlow.compose}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {...Function} functions - the asynchronous functions to compose
+     * @returns {Function} a function that composes the `functions` in order
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // Requires lodash (or underscore), express3 and dresende's orm2.
+     * // Part of an app, that fetches cats of the logged user.
+     * // This example uses `seq` function to avoid overnesting and error
+     * // handling clutter.
+     * app.get('/cats', function(request, response) {
+     *     var User = request.models.User;
+     *     async.seq(
+     *         _.bind(User.get, User),  // 'User.get' has signature (id, callback(err, data))
+     *         function(user, fn) {
+     *             user.getCats(fn);      // 'getCats' has signature (callback(err, data))
+     *         }
+     *     )(req.session.user_id, function (err, cats) {
+     *         if (err) {
+     *             console.error(err);
+     *             response.json({ status: 'error', message: err.message });
+     *         } else {
+     *             response.json({ status: 'ok', message: 'Cats found', data: cats });
+     *         }
+     *     });
+     * });
+     */
+    var seq = rest(function seq(functions) {
+        return rest(function (args) {
+            var that = this;
+
+            var cb = args[args.length - 1];
+            if (typeof cb == 'function') {
+                args.pop();
+            } else {
+                cb = noop;
+            }
+
+            reduce(functions, args, function (newargs, fn, cb) {
+                fn.apply(that, newargs.concat([rest(function (err, nextargs) {
+                    cb(err, nextargs);
+                })]));
+            }, function (err, results) {
+                cb.apply(that, [err].concat(results));
+            });
+        });
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function which is a composition of the passed asynchronous
+     * functions. Each function consumes the return value of the function that
+     * follows. Composing functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` would produce the result
+     * of `f(g(h()))`, only this version uses callbacks to obtain the return values.
+     *
+     * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
+     *
+     * @name compose
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {...Function} functions - the asynchronous functions to compose
+     * @returns {Function} an asynchronous function that is the composed
+     * asynchronous `functions`
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function add1(n, callback) {
+     *     setTimeout(function () {
+     *         callback(null, n + 1);
+     *     }, 10);
+     * }
+     *
+     * function mul3(n, callback) {
+     *     setTimeout(function () {
+     *         callback(null, n * 3);
+     *     }, 10);
+     * }
+     *
+     * var add1mul3 = async.compose(mul3, add1);
+     * add1mul3(4, function (err, result) {
+     *     // result now equals 15
+     * });
+     */
+    var compose = rest(function (args) {
+      return seq.apply(null, args.reverse());
+    });
+
+    function concat$1(eachfn, arr, fn, callback) {
+        var result = [];
+        eachfn(arr, function (x, index, cb) {
+            fn(x, function (err, y) {
+                result = result.concat(y || []);
+                cb(err);
+            });
+        }, function (err) {
+            callback(err, result);
+        });
     }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Copies the values of `source` to `array`.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from.
-   * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
-   */
-  function copyArray(source, array) {
-    var index = -1,
-        length = source.length;
-
-    array || (array = Array(length));
-    while (++index < length) {
-      array[index] = source[index];
+
+    /**
+     * Applies `iteratee` to each item in `coll`, concatenating the results. Returns
+     * the concatenated list. The `iteratee`s are called in parallel, and the
+     * results are concatenated as they return. There is no guarantee that the
+     * results array will be returned in the original order of `coll` passed to the
+     * `iteratee` function.
+     *
+     * @name concat
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, results)` which must be called once
+     * it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and an array of results.
+     * Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback(err)] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array
+     * containing the concatenated results of the `iteratee` function. Invoked with
+     * (err, results).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.concat(['dir1','dir2','dir3'], fs.readdir, function(err, files) {
+     *     // files is now a list of filenames that exist in the 3 directories
+     * });
+     */
+    var concat = doParallel(concat$1);
+
+    function doSeries(fn) {
+        return function (obj, iteratee, callback) {
+            return fn(eachOfSeries, obj, iteratee, callback);
+        };
     }
-    return array;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Checks if `value` is a global object.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {*} value The value to check.
-   * @returns {null|Object} Returns `value` if it's a global object, else `null`.
-   */
-  function checkGlobal(value) {
-    return (value && value.Object === Object) ? value : null;
-  }
-
-  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
-  var freeGlobal = checkGlobal(typeof global == 'object' && global);
-
-  /** Detect free variable `self`. */
-  var freeSelf = checkGlobal(typeof self == 'object' && self);
-
-  /** Detect `this` as the global object. */
-  var thisGlobal = checkGlobal(typeof this == 'object' && this);
-
-  /** Used as a reference to the global object. */
-  var root = freeGlobal || freeSelf || thisGlobal || Function('return this')();
-
-  /** Built-in value references. */
-  var Symbol$1 = root.Symbol;
-
-  /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
-  var INFINITY$1 = 1 / 0;
-
-  /** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */
-  var symbolProto = Symbol$1 ? Symbol$1.prototype : undefined;
-  var symbolToString = symbolProto ? symbolProto.toString : undefined;
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `_.toString` which doesn't convert nullish
-   * values to empty strings.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {*} value The value to process.
-   * @returns {string} Returns the string.
-   */
-  function baseToString(value) {
-    // Exit early for strings to avoid a performance hit in some environments.
-    if (typeof value == 'string') {
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`concat`]{@link module:Collections.concat} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name concatSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.concat]{@link module:Collections.concat}
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, results)` which must be called once
+     * it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and an array of results.
+     * Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback(err)] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array
+     * containing the concatenated results of the `iteratee` function. Invoked with
+     * (err, results).
+     */
+    var concatSeries = doSeries(concat$1);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a function that when called, calls-back with the values provided.
+     * Useful as the first function in a [`waterfall`]{@link module:ControlFlow.waterfall}, or for plugging values in to
+     * [`auto`]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto}.
+     *
+     * @name constant
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to automatically invoke
+     * callback with.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns a function that when invoked, automatically
+     * invokes the callback with the previous given arguments.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.waterfall([
+     *     async.constant(42),
+     *     function (value, next) {
+     *         // value === 42
+     *     },
+     *     //...
+     * ], callback);
+     *
+     * async.waterfall([
+     *     async.constant(filename, "utf8"),
+     *     fs.readFile,
+     *     function (fileData, next) {
+     *         //...
+     *     }
+     *     //...
+     * ], callback);
+     *
+     * async.auto({
+     *     hostname: async.constant("https://server.net/"),
+     *     port: findFreePort,
+     *     launchServer: ["hostname", "port", function (options, cb) {
+     *         startServer(options, cb);
+     *     }],
+     *     //...
+     * }, callback);
+     */
+    var constant = rest(function (values) {
+        var args = [null].concat(values);
+        return initialParams(function (ignoredArgs, callback) {
+            return callback.apply(this, args);
+        });
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the first argument given to it.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {*} value Any value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
+     *
+     * console.log(_.identity(object) === object);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function identity(value) {
       return value;
     }
-    if (isSymbol(value)) {
-      return symbolToString ? symbolToString.call(value) : '';
+
+    function _createTester(eachfn, check, getResult) {
+        return function (arr, limit, iteratee, cb) {
+            function done(err) {
+                if (cb) {
+                    if (err) {
+                        cb(err);
+                    } else {
+                        cb(null, getResult(false));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            function wrappedIteratee(x, _, callback) {
+                if (!cb) return callback();
+                iteratee(x, function (err, v) {
+                    if (cb) {
+                        if (err) {
+                            cb(err);
+                            cb = iteratee = false;
+                        } else if (check(v)) {
+                            cb(null, getResult(true, x));
+                            cb = iteratee = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    callback();
+                });
+            }
+            if (arguments.length > 3) {
+                cb = cb || noop;
+                eachfn(arr, limit, wrappedIteratee, done);
+            } else {
+                cb = iteratee;
+                cb = cb || noop;
+                iteratee = limit;
+                eachfn(arr, wrappedIteratee, done);
+            }
+        };
     }
-    var result = (value + '');
-    return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY$1) ? '-0' : result;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
-   * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
-   * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
-   */
-  function baseSlice(array, start, end) {
-    var index = -1,
-        length = array.length;
-
-    if (start < 0) {
-      start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
+
+    function _findGetResult(v, x) {
+        return x;
     }
-    end = end > length ? length : end;
-    if (end < 0) {
-      end += length;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the first value in `coll` that passes an async truth test. The
+     * `iteratee` is applied in parallel, meaning the first iteratee to return
+     * `true` will fire the detect `callback` with that result. That means the
+     * result might not be the first item in the original `coll` (in terms of order)
+     * that passes the test.
+
+     * If order within the original `coll` is important, then look at
+     * [`detectSeries`]{@link module:Collections.detectSeries}.
+     *
+     * @name detect
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @alias find
+     * @category Collections
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must be called
+     * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
+     * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the `iteratee` functions have finished.
+     * Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test
+     * (iteratee) or the value `undefined` if none passed. Invoked with
+     * (err, result).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.detect(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
+     *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
+     *         callback(null, !err)
+     *     });
+     * }, function(err, result) {
+     *     // result now equals the first file in the list that exists
+     * });
+     */
+    var detect = _createTester(eachOf, identity, _findGetResult);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`detect`]{@link module:Collections.detect} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
+     * time.
+     *
+     * @name detectLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.detect]{@link module:Collections.detect}
+     * @alias findLimit
+     * @category Collections
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must be called
+     * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
+     * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the `iteratee` functions have finished.
+     * Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test
+     * (iteratee) or the value `undefined` if none passed. Invoked with
+     * (err, result).
+     */
+    var detectLimit = _createTester(eachOfLimit, identity, _findGetResult);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`detect`]{@link module:Collections.detect} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name detectSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.detect]{@link module:Collections.detect}
+     * @alias findSeries
+     * @category Collections
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must be called
+     * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
+     * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the `iteratee` functions have finished.
+     * Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test
+     * (iteratee) or the value `undefined` if none passed. Invoked with
+     * (err, result).
+     */
+    var detectSeries = _createTester(eachOfSeries, identity, _findGetResult);
+
+    function consoleFunc(name) {
+        return rest(function (fn, args) {
+            fn.apply(null, args.concat([rest(function (err, args) {
+                if (typeof console === 'object') {
+                    if (err) {
+                        if (console.error) {
+                            console.error(err);
+                        }
+                    } else if (console[name]) {
+                        arrayEach(args, function (x) {
+                            console[name](x);
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            })]));
+        });
     }
-    length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);
-    start >>>= 0;
 
-    var result = Array(length);
-    while (++index < length) {
-      result[index] = array[index + start];
+    /**
+     * Logs the result of an `async` function to the `console` using `console.dir`
+     * to display the properties of the resulting object. Only works in Node.js or
+     * in browsers that support `console.dir` and `console.error` (such as FF and
+     * Chrome). If multiple arguments are returned from the async function,
+     * `console.dir` is called on each argument in order.
+     *
+     * @name dir
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} function - The function you want to eventually apply all
+     * arguments to.
+     * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to apply to the function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // in a module
+     * var hello = function(name, callback) {
+     *     setTimeout(function() {
+     *         callback(null, {hello: name});
+     *     }, 1000);
+     * };
+     *
+     * // in the node repl
+     * node> async.dir(hello, 'world');
+     * {hello: 'world'}
+     */
+    var dir = consoleFunc('dir');
+
+    /**
+     * The post-check version of [`during`]{@link module:ControlFlow.during}. To reflect the difference in
+     * the order of operations, the arguments `test` and `fn` are switched.
+     *
+     * Also a version of [`doWhilst`]{@link module:ControlFlow.doWhilst} with asynchronous `test` function.
+     * @name doDuring
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.during]{@link module:ControlFlow.during}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} fn - A function which is called each time `test` passes.
+     * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
+     * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
+     * @param {Function} test - asynchronous truth test to perform before each
+     * execution of `fn`. Invoked with (...args, callback), where `...args` are the
+     * non-error args from the previous callback of `fn`.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
+     * function has failed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
+     * will be passed an error if one occured, otherwise `null`.
+     */
+    function doDuring(fn, test, callback) {
+        callback = onlyOnce(callback || noop);
+
+        var next = rest(function (err, args) {
+            if (err) return callback(err);
+            args.push(check);
+            test.apply(this, args);
+        });
+
+        function check(err, truth) {
+            if (err) return callback(err);
+            if (!truth) return callback(null);
+            fn(next);
+        }
+
+        check(null, true);
     }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Casts `array` to a slice if it's needed.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
-   * @param {number} start The start position.
-   * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns the cast slice.
-   */
-  function castSlice(array, start, end) {
-    var length = array.length;
-    end = end === undefined ? length : end;
-    return (!start && end >= length) ? array : baseSlice(array, start, end);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimEnd` to get the index of the last string symbol
-   * that is not found in the character symbols.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} strSymbols The string symbols to inspect.
-   * @param {Array} chrSymbols The character symbols to find.
-   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last unmatched string symbol.
-   */
-  function charsEndIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) {
-    var index = strSymbols.length;
-
-    while (index-- && baseIndexOf(chrSymbols, strSymbols[index], 0) > -1) {}
-    return index;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimStart` to get the index of the first string symbol
-   * that is not found in the character symbols.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} strSymbols The string symbols to inspect.
-   * @param {Array} chrSymbols The character symbols to find.
-   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first unmatched string symbol.
-   */
-  function charsStartIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) {
-    var index = -1,
-        length = strSymbols.length;
-
-    while (++index < length && baseIndexOf(chrSymbols, strSymbols[index], 0) > -1) {}
-    return index;
-  }
-
-  /** Used to compose unicode character classes. */
-  var rsAstralRange = '\\ud800-\\udfff';
-  var rsComboMarksRange = '\\u0300-\\u036f\\ufe20-\\ufe23';
-  var rsComboSymbolsRange = '\\u20d0-\\u20f0';
-  var rsVarRange = '\\ufe0e\\ufe0f';
-  var rsAstral = '[' + rsAstralRange + ']';
-  var rsCombo = '[' + rsComboMarksRange + rsComboSymbolsRange + ']';
-  var rsFitz = '\\ud83c[\\udffb-\\udfff]';
-  var rsModifier = '(?:' + rsCombo + '|' + rsFitz + ')';
-  var rsNonAstral = '[^' + rsAstralRange + ']';
-  var rsRegional = '(?:\\ud83c[\\udde6-\\uddff]){2}';
-  var rsSurrPair = '[\\ud800-\\udbff][\\udc00-\\udfff]';
-  var rsZWJ = '\\u200d';
-  var reOptMod = rsModifier + '?';
-  var rsOptVar = '[' + rsVarRange + ']?';
-  var rsOptJoin = '(?:' + rsZWJ + '(?:' + [rsNonAstral, rsRegional, rsSurrPair].join('|') + ')' + rsOptVar + reOptMod + ')*';
-  var rsSeq = rsOptVar + reOptMod + rsOptJoin;
-  var rsSymbol = '(?:' + [rsNonAstral + rsCombo + '?', rsCombo, rsRegional, rsSurrPair, rsAstral].join('|') + ')';
-  /** Used to match [string symbols](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode). */
-  var reComplexSymbol = RegExp(rsFitz + '(?=' + rsFitz + ')|' + rsSymbol + rsSeq, 'g');
-
-  /**
-   * Converts `string` to an array.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {string} string The string to convert.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
-   */
-  function stringToArray(string) {
-    return string.match(reComplexSymbol);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Converts `value` to a string. An empty string is returned for `null`
-   * and `undefined` values. The sign of `-0` is preserved.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 4.0.0
-   * @category Lang
-   * @param {*} value The value to process.
-   * @returns {string} Returns the string.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.toString(null);
-   * // => ''
-   *
-   * _.toString(-0);
-   * // => '-0'
-   *
-   * _.toString([1, 2, 3]);
-   * // => '1,2,3'
-   */
-  function toString(value) {
-    return value == null ? '' : baseToString(value);
-  }
-
-  /** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
-  var reTrim$1 = /^\s+|\s+$/g;
-
-  /**
-   * Removes leading and trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 3.0.0
-   * @category String
-   * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
-   * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
-   * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
-   * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * _.trim('  abc  ');
-   * // => 'abc'
-   *
-   * _.trim('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
-   * // => 'abc'
-   *
-   * _.map(['  foo  ', '  bar  '], _.trim);
-   * // => ['foo', 'bar']
-   */
-  function trim(string, chars, guard) {
-    string = toString(string);
-    if (string && (guard || chars === undefined)) {
-      return string.replace(reTrim$1, '');
+
+    /**
+     * The post-check version of [`whilst`]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}. To reflect the difference in
+     * the order of operations, the arguments `test` and `iteratee` are switched.
+     *
+     * `doWhilst` is to `whilst` as `do while` is to `while` in plain JavaScript.
+     *
+     * @name doWhilst
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function which is called each time `test`
+     * passes. The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once
+     * it has completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
+     * @param {Function} test - synchronous truth test to perform after each
+     * execution of `iteratee`. Invoked with Invoked with the non-error callback
+     * results of `iteratee`.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
+     * function has failed and repeated execution of `iteratee` has stopped.
+     * `callback` will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final
+     * `iteratee`'s callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
+     */
+    function doWhilst(iteratee, test, callback) {
+        callback = onlyOnce(callback || noop);
+        var next = rest(function (err, args) {
+            if (err) return callback(err);
+            if (test.apply(this, args)) return iteratee(next);
+            callback.apply(null, [null].concat(args));
+        });
+        iteratee(next);
     }
-    if (!string || !(chars = baseToString(chars))) {
-      return string;
+
+    /**
+     * Like ['doWhilst']{@link module:ControlFlow.doWhilst}, except the `test` is inverted. Note the
+     * argument ordering differs from `until`.
+     *
+     * @name doUntil
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.doWhilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.doWhilst}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} fn - A function which is called each time `test` fails.
+     * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
+     * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
+     * @param {Function} test - synchronous truth test to perform after each
+     * execution of `fn`. Invoked with the non-error callback results of `fn`.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
+     * function has passed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
+     * will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final `fn`'s
+     * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
+     */
+    function doUntil(fn, test, callback) {
+        doWhilst(fn, function () {
+            return !test.apply(this, arguments);
+        }, callback);
     }
-    var strSymbols = stringToArray(string),
-        chrSymbols = stringToArray(chars),
-        start = charsStartIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols),
-        end = charsEndIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) + 1;
-
-    return castSlice(strSymbols, start, end).join('');
-  }
-
-  var FN_ARGS = /^(function)?\s*[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m;
-  var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
-  var FN_ARG = /(=.+)?(\s*)$/;
-  var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
-
-  function parseParams(func) {
-      func = func.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '');
-      func = func.match(FN_ARGS)[2].replace(' ', '');
-      func = func ? func.split(FN_ARG_SPLIT) : [];
-      func = func.map(function (arg) {
-          return trim(arg.replace(FN_ARG, ''));
-      });
-      return func;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A dependency-injected version of the [async.auto]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto} function. Dependent
-   * tasks are specified as parameters to the function, after the usual callback
-   * parameter, with the parameter names matching the names of the tasks it
-   * depends on. This can provide even more readable task graphs which can be
-   * easier to maintain.
-   *
-   * If a final callback is specified, the task results are similarly injected,
-   * specified as named parameters after the initial error parameter.
-   *
-   * The autoInject function is purely syntactic sugar and its semantics are
-   * otherwise equivalent to [async.auto]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto}.
-   *
-   * @name autoInject
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.auto]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Object} tasks - An object, each of whose properties is a function of
-   * the form 'func([dependencies...], callback). The object's key of a property
-   * serves as the name of the task defined by that property, i.e. can be used
-   * when specifying requirements for other tasks.
-   * * The `callback` parameter is a `callback(err, result)` which must be called
-   *   when finished, passing an `error` (which can be `null`) and the result of
-   *   the function's execution. The remaining parameters name other tasks on
-   *   which the task is dependent, and the results from those tasks are the
-   *   arguments of those parameters.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when all
-   * the tasks have been completed. It receives the `err` argument if any `tasks`
-   * pass an error to their callback, and a `results` object with any completed
-   * task results, similar to `auto`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * //  The example from `auto` can be rewritten as follows:
-   * async.autoInject({
-   *     get_data: function(callback) {
-   *         // async code to get some data
-   *         callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
-   *     },
-   *     make_folder: function(callback) {
-   *         // async code to create a directory to store a file in
-   *         // this is run at the same time as getting the data
-   *         callback(null, 'folder');
-   *     },
-   *     write_file: function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
-   *         // once there is some data and the directory exists,
-   *         // write the data to a file in the directory
-   *         callback(null, 'filename');
-   *     },
-   *     email_link: function(write_file, callback) {
-   *         // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
-   *         // write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
-   *         callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
-   *     }
-   * }, function(err, results) {
-   *     console.log('err = ', err);
-   *     console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
-   * });
-   *
-   * // If you are using a JS minifier that mangles parameter names, `autoInject`
-   * // will not work with plain functions, since the parameter names will be
-   * // collapsed to a single letter identifier.  To work around this, you can
-   * // explicitly specify the names of the parameters your task function needs
-   * // in an array, similar to Angular.js dependency injection.
-   *
-   * // This still has an advantage over plain `auto`, since the results a task
-   * // depends on are still spread into arguments.
-   * async.autoInject({
-   *     //...
-   *     write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
-   *         callback(null, 'filename');
-   *     }],
-   *     email_link: ['write_file', function(write_file, callback) {
-   *         callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
-   *     }]
-   *     //...
-   * }, function(err, results) {
-   *     console.log('err = ', err);
-   *     console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
-   * });
-   */
-  function autoInject(tasks, callback) {
-      var newTasks = {};
-
-      baseForOwn(tasks, function (taskFn, key) {
-          var params;
-
-          if (isArray(taskFn)) {
-              params = copyArray(taskFn);
-              taskFn = params.pop();
-
-              newTasks[key] = params.concat(params.length > 0 ? newTask : taskFn);
-          } else if (taskFn.length === 1) {
-              // no dependencies, use the function as-is
-              newTasks[key] = taskFn;
-          } else {
-              params = parseParams(taskFn);
-              if (taskFn.length === 0 && params.length === 0) {
-                  throw new Error("autoInject task functions require explicit parameters.");
-              }
-
-              params.pop();
-
-              newTasks[key] = params.concat(newTask);
-          }
 
-          function newTask(results, taskCb) {
-              var newArgs = arrayMap(params, function (name) {
-                  return results[name];
-              });
-              newArgs.push(taskCb);
-              taskFn.apply(null, newArgs);
-          }
-      });
-
-      auto(newTasks, callback);
-  }
-
-  var hasSetImmediate = typeof setImmediate === 'function' && setImmediate;
-  var hasNextTick = typeof process === 'object' && typeof process.nextTick === 'function';
-
-  function fallback(fn) {
-      setTimeout(fn, 0);
-  }
-
-  function wrap(defer) {
-      return rest(function (fn, args) {
-          defer(function () {
-              fn.apply(null, args);
-          });
-      });
-  }
-
-  var _defer;
-
-  if (hasSetImmediate) {
-      _defer = setImmediate;
-  } else if (hasNextTick) {
-      _defer = process.nextTick;
-  } else {
-      _defer = fallback;
-  }
-
-  var setImmediate$1 = wrap(_defer);
-
-  // Simple doubly linked list (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubly_linked_list) implementation
-  // used for queues. This implementation assumes that the node provided by the user can be modified
-  // to adjust the next and last properties. We implement only the minimal functionality
-  // for queue support.
-  function DLL() {
-      this.head = this.tail = null;
-      this.length = 0;
-  }
-
-  function setInitial(dll, node) {
-      dll.length = 1;
-      dll.head = dll.tail = node;
-  }
-
-  DLL.prototype.removeLink = function (node) {
-      if (node.prev) node.prev.next = node.next;else this.head = node.next;
-      if (node.next) node.next.prev = node.prev;else this.tail = node.prev;
-
-      node.prev = node.next = null;
-      this.length -= 1;
-      return node;
-  };
-
-  DLL.prototype.empty = DLL;
-
-  DLL.prototype.insertAfter = function (node, newNode) {
-      newNode.prev = node;
-      newNode.next = node.next;
-      if (node.next) node.next.prev = newNode;else this.tail = newNode;
-      node.next = newNode;
-      this.length += 1;
-  };
-
-  DLL.prototype.insertBefore = function (node, newNode) {
-      newNode.prev = node.prev;
-      newNode.next = node;
-      if (node.prev) node.prev.next = newNode;else this.head = newNode;
-      node.prev = newNode;
-      this.length += 1;
-  };
-
-  DLL.prototype.unshift = function (node) {
-      if (this.head) this.insertBefore(this.head, node);else setInitial(this, node);
-  };
-
-  DLL.prototype.push = function (node) {
-      if (this.tail) this.insertAfter(this.tail, node);else setInitial(this, node);
-  };
-
-  DLL.prototype.shift = function () {
-      return this.head && this.removeLink(this.head);
-  };
-
-  DLL.prototype.pop = function () {
-      return this.tail && this.removeLink(this.tail);
-  };
-
-  function queue(worker, concurrency, payload) {
-      if (concurrency == null) {
-          concurrency = 1;
-      } else if (concurrency === 0) {
-          throw new Error('Concurrency must not be zero');
-      }
+    /**
+     * Like [`whilst`]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}, except the `test` is an asynchronous function that
+     * is passed a callback in the form of `function (err, truth)`. If error is
+     * passed to `test` or `fn`, the main callback is immediately called with the
+     * value of the error.
+     *
+     * @name during
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} test - asynchronous truth test to perform before each
+     * execution of `fn`. Invoked with (callback).
+     * @param {Function} fn - A function which is called each time `test` passes.
+     * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
+     * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
+     * function has failed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
+     * will be passed an error, if one occured, otherwise `null`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var count = 0;
+     *
+     * async.during(
+     *     function (callback) {
+     *         return callback(null, count < 5);
+     *     },
+     *     function (callback) {
+     *         count++;
+     *         setTimeout(callback, 1000);
+     *     },
+     *     function (err) {
+     *         // 5 seconds have passed
+     *     }
+     * );
+     */
+    function during(test, fn, callback) {
+        callback = onlyOnce(callback || noop);
+
+        function next(err) {
+            if (err) return callback(err);
+            test(check);
+        }
 
-      function _insert(data, pos, callback) {
-          if (callback != null && typeof callback !== 'function') {
-              throw new Error('task callback must be a function');
-          }
-          q.started = true;
-          if (!isArray(data)) {
-              data = [data];
-          }
-          if (data.length === 0 && q.idle()) {
-              // call drain immediately if there are no tasks
-              return setImmediate$1(function () {
-                  q.drain();
-              });
-          }
-          arrayEach(data, function (task) {
-              var item = {
-                  data: task,
-                  callback: callback || noop
-              };
-
-              if (pos) {
-                  q._tasks.unshift(item);
-              } else {
-                  q._tasks.push(item);
-              }
-          });
-          setImmediate$1(q.process);
-      }
+        function check(err, truth) {
+            if (err) return callback(err);
+            if (!truth) return callback(null);
+            fn(next);
+        }
 
-      function _next(tasks) {
-          return rest(function (args) {
-              workers -= 1;
-
-              arrayEach(tasks, function (task) {
-                  arrayEach(workersList, function (worker, index) {
-                      if (worker === task) {
-                          workersList.splice(index, 1);
-                          return false;
-                      }
-                  });
-
-                  task.callback.apply(task, args);
-
-                  if (args[0] != null) {
-                      q.error(args[0], task.data);
-                  }
-              });
-
-              if (workers <= q.concurrency - q.buffer) {
-                  q.unsaturated();
-              }
-
-              if (q.idle()) {
-                  q.drain();
-              }
-              q.process();
-          });
-      }
+        test(check);
+    }
 
-      var workers = 0;
-      var workersList = [];
-      var q = {
-          _tasks: new DLL(),
-          concurrency: concurrency,
-          payload: payload,
-          saturated: noop,
-          unsaturated: noop,
-          buffer: concurrency / 4,
-          empty: noop,
-          drain: noop,
-          error: noop,
-          started: false,
-          paused: false,
-          push: function (data, callback) {
-              _insert(data, false, callback);
-          },
-          kill: function () {
-              q.drain = noop;
-              q._tasks.empty();
-          },
-          unshift: function (data, callback) {
-              _insert(data, true, callback);
-          },
-          process: function () {
-              while (!q.paused && workers < q.concurrency && q._tasks.length) {
-                  var tasks = [],
-                      data = [];
-                  var l = q._tasks.length;
-                  if (q.payload) l = Math.min(l, q.payload);
-                  for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-                      var node = q._tasks.shift();
-                      tasks.push(node);
-                      data.push(node.data);
-                  }
-
-                  if (q._tasks.length === 0) {
-                      q.empty();
-                  }
-                  workers += 1;
-                  workersList.push(tasks[0]);
-
-                  if (workers === q.concurrency) {
-                      q.saturated();
-                  }
-
-                  var cb = onlyOnce(_next(tasks));
-                  worker(data, cb);
-              }
-          },
-          length: function () {
-              return q._tasks.length;
-          },
-          running: function () {
-              return workers;
-          },
-          workersList: function () {
-              return workersList;
-          },
-          idle: function () {
-              return q._tasks.length + workers === 0;
-          },
-          pause: function () {
-              q.paused = true;
-          },
-          resume: function () {
-              if (q.paused === false) {
-                  return;
-              }
-              q.paused = false;
-              var resumeCount = Math.min(q.concurrency, q._tasks.length);
-              // Need to call q.process once per concurrent
-              // worker to preserve full concurrency after pause
-              for (var w = 1; w <= resumeCount; w++) {
-                  setImmediate$1(q.process);
-              }
-          }
-      };
-      return q;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A cargo of tasks for the worker function to complete. Cargo inherits all of
-   * the same methods and event callbacks as [`queue`]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue}.
-   * @typedef {Object} CargoObject
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @property {Function} length - A function returning the number of items
-   * waiting to be processed. Invoke like `cargo.length()`.
-   * @property {number} payload - An `integer` for determining how many tasks
-   * should be process per round. This property can be changed after a `cargo` is
-   * created to alter the payload on-the-fly.
-   * @property {Function} push - Adds `task` to the `queue`. The callback is
-   * called once the `worker` has finished processing the task. Instead of a
-   * single task, an array of `tasks` can be submitted. The respective callback is
-   * used for every task in the list. Invoke like `cargo.push(task, [callback])`.
-   * @property {Function} saturated - A callback that is called when the
-   * `queue.length()` hits the concurrency and further tasks will be queued.
-   * @property {Function} empty - A callback that is called when the last item
-   * from the `queue` is given to a `worker`.
-   * @property {Function} drain - A callback that is called when the last item
-   * from the `queue` has returned from the `worker`.
-   * @property {Function} idle - a function returning false if there are items
-   * waiting or being processed, or true if not. Invoke like `cargo.idle()`.
-   * @property {Function} pause - a function that pauses the processing of tasks
-   * until `resume()` is called. Invoke like `cargo.pause()`.
-   * @property {Function} resume - a function that resumes the processing of
-   * queued tasks when the queue is paused. Invoke like `cargo.resume()`.
-   * @property {Function} kill - a function that removes the `drain` callback and
-   * empties remaining tasks from the queue forcing it to go idle. Invoke like `cargo.kill()`.
-   */
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a `cargo` object with the specified payload. Tasks added to the
-   * cargo will be processed altogether (up to the `payload` limit). If the
-   * `worker` is in progress, the task is queued until it becomes available. Once
-   * the `worker` has completed some tasks, each callback of those tasks is
-   * called. Check out [these](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/6bbd36f4cf5b35a0f11a96dcd2e97711ffc2fb37/68747470733a2f2f662e636c6f75642e6769746875622e636f6d2f6173736574732f313637363837312f36383130382f62626330636662302d356632392d313165322d393734662d3333393763363464633835382e676966) [animations](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f4810e00e1c5f5f8addbe3e9f49064fd5d102699/68747470733a2f2f662e636c6f75642e6769746875622e636f6d2f6173736574732f313637363837312f36383130312f38346339323036362d356632392d313165322d383134662d3964336430323431336266642e676966)
-   * for how `cargo` and `queue` work.
-   *
-   * While [`queue`]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue} passes only one task to one of a group of workers
-   * at a time, cargo passes an array of tasks to a single worker, repeating
-   * when the worker is finished.
-   *
-   * @name cargo
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} worker - An asynchronous function for processing an array
-   * of queued tasks, which must call its `callback(err)` argument when finished,
-   * with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with `(tasks, callback)`.
-   * @param {number} [payload=Infinity] - An optional `integer` for determining
-   * how many tasks should be processed per round; if omitted, the default is
-   * unlimited.
-   * @returns {module:ControlFlow.CargoObject} A cargo object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can
-   * attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the
-   * lifecycle of the cargo and inner queue.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // create a cargo object with payload 2
-   * var cargo = async.cargo(function(tasks, callback) {
-   *     for (var i=0; i<tasks.length; i++) {
-   *         console.log('hello ' + tasks[i].name);
-   *     }
-   *     callback();
-   * }, 2);
-   *
-   * // add some items
-   * cargo.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
-   *     console.log('finished processing foo');
-   * });
-   * cargo.push({name: 'bar'}, function(err) {
-   *     console.log('finished processing bar');
-   * });
-   * cargo.push({name: 'baz'}, function(err) {
-   *     console.log('finished processing baz');
-   * });
-   */
-  function cargo(worker, payload) {
-    return queue(worker, 1, payload);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`eachOf`]{@link module:Collections.eachOf} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
-   * time.
-   *
-   * @name eachOfLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.eachOf]{@link module:Collections.eachOf}
-   * @alias forEachOfLimit
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each
-   * item in `coll`. The `key` is the item's key, or index in the case of an
-   * array. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once it
-   * has completed. If no error has occurred, the callback should be run without
-   * arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. Invoked with
-   * (item, key, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
-   */
-  function eachOfLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callback) {
-    _eachOfLimit(limit)(coll, iteratee, callback);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`eachOf`]{@link module:Collections.eachOf} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name eachOfSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.eachOf]{@link module:Collections.eachOf}
-   * @alias forEachOfSeries
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`. The
-   * `key` is the item's key, or index in the case of an array. The iteratee is
-   * passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once it has completed. If no
-   * error has occurred, the callback should be run without arguments or with an
-   * explicit `null` argument. Invoked with (item, key, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
-   * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
-   */
-  var eachOfSeries = doLimit(eachOfLimit, 1);
-
-  /**
-   * Reduces `coll` into a single value using an async `iteratee` to return each
-   * successive step. `memo` is the initial state of the reduction. This function
-   * only operates in series.
-   *
-   * For performance reasons, it may make sense to split a call to this function
-   * into a parallel map, and then use the normal `Array.prototype.reduce` on the
-   * results. This function is for situations where each step in the reduction
-   * needs to be async; if you can get the data before reducing it, then it's
-   * probably a good idea to do so.
-   *
-   * @name reduce
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @alias inject
-   * @alias foldl
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {*} memo - The initial state of the reduction.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function applied to each item in the
-   * array to produce the next step in the reduction. The `iteratee` is passed a
-   * `callback(err, reduction)` which accepts an optional error as its first
-   * argument, and the state of the reduction as the second. If an error is
-   * passed to the callback, the reduction is stopped and the main `callback` is
-   * immediately called with the error. Invoked with (memo, item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result is the reduced value. Invoked with
-   * (err, result).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.reduce([1,2,3], 0, function(memo, item, callback) {
-   *     // pointless async:
-   *     process.nextTick(function() {
-   *         callback(null, memo + item)
-   *     });
-   * }, function(err, result) {
-   *     // result is now equal to the last value of memo, which is 6
-   * });
-   */
-  function reduce(coll, memo, iteratee, callback) {
-      callback = once(callback || noop);
-      eachOfSeries(coll, function (x, i, callback) {
-          iteratee(memo, x, function (err, v) {
-              memo = v;
-              callback(err);
-          });
-      }, function (err) {
-          callback(err, memo);
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Version of the compose function that is more natural to read. Each function
-   * consumes the return value of the previous function. It is the equivalent of
-   * [compose]{@link module:ControlFlow.compose} with the arguments reversed.
-   *
-   * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
-   *
-   * @name seq
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.compose]{@link module:ControlFlow.compose}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {...Function} functions - the asynchronous functions to compose
-   * @returns {Function} a function that composes the `functions` in order
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // Requires lodash (or underscore), express3 and dresende's orm2.
-   * // Part of an app, that fetches cats of the logged user.
-   * // This example uses `seq` function to avoid overnesting and error
-   * // handling clutter.
-   * app.get('/cats', function(request, response) {
-   *     var User = request.models.User;
-   *     async.seq(
-   *         _.bind(User.get, User),  // 'User.get' has signature (id, callback(err, data))
-   *         function(user, fn) {
-   *             user.getCats(fn);      // 'getCats' has signature (callback(err, data))
-   *         }
-   *     )(req.session.user_id, function (err, cats) {
-   *         if (err) {
-   *             console.error(err);
-   *             response.json({ status: 'error', message: err.message });
-   *         } else {
-   *             response.json({ status: 'ok', message: 'Cats found', data: cats });
-   *         }
-   *     });
-   * });
-   */
-  var seq = rest(function seq(functions) {
-      return rest(function (args) {
-          var that = this;
-
-          var cb = args[args.length - 1];
-          if (typeof cb == 'function') {
-              args.pop();
-          } else {
-              cb = noop;
-          }
+    function _withoutIndex(iteratee) {
+        return function (value, index, callback) {
+            return iteratee(value, callback);
+        };
+    }
 
-          reduce(functions, args, function (newargs, fn, cb) {
-              fn.apply(that, newargs.concat([rest(function (err, nextargs) {
-                  cb(err, nextargs);
-              })]));
-          }, function (err, results) {
-              cb.apply(that, [err].concat(results));
-          });
-      });
-  });
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a function which is a composition of the passed asynchronous
-   * functions. Each function consumes the return value of the function that
-   * follows. Composing functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` would produce the result
-   * of `f(g(h()))`, only this version uses callbacks to obtain the return values.
-   *
-   * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
-   *
-   * @name compose
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {...Function} functions - the asynchronous functions to compose
-   * @returns {Function} an asynchronous function that is the composed
-   * asynchronous `functions`
-   * @example
-   *
-   * function add1(n, callback) {
-   *     setTimeout(function () {
-   *         callback(null, n + 1);
-   *     }, 10);
-   * }
-   *
-   * function mul3(n, callback) {
-   *     setTimeout(function () {
-   *         callback(null, n * 3);
-   *     }, 10);
-   * }
-   *
-   * var add1mul3 = async.compose(mul3, add1);
-   * add1mul3(4, function (err, result) {
-   *     // result now equals 15
-   * });
-   */
-  var compose = rest(function (args) {
-    return seq.apply(null, args.reverse());
-  });
-
-  function concat$1(eachfn, arr, fn, callback) {
-      var result = [];
-      eachfn(arr, function (x, index, cb) {
-          fn(x, function (err, y) {
-              result = result.concat(y || []);
-              cb(err);
-          });
-      }, function (err) {
-          callback(err, result);
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Like [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each}, except that it passes the key (or index) as the second argument
-   * to the iteratee.
-   *
-   * @name eachOf
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @alias forEachOf
-   * @category Collection
-   * @see [async.each]{@link module:Collections.each}
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each
-   * item in `coll`. The `key` is the item's key, or index in the case of an
-   * array. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once it
-   * has completed. If no error has occurred, the callback should be run without
-   * arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. Invoked with
-   * (item, key, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * var obj = {dev: "/dev.json", test: "/test.json", prod: "/prod.json"};
-   * var configs = {};
-   *
-   * async.forEachOf(obj, function (value, key, callback) {
-   *     fs.readFile(__dirname + value, "utf8", function (err, data) {
-   *         if (err) return callback(err);
-   *         try {
-   *             configs[key] = JSON.parse(data);
-   *         } catch (e) {
-   *             return callback(e);
-   *         }
-   *         callback();
-   *     });
-   * }, function (err) {
-   *     if (err) console.error(err.message);
-   *     // configs is now a map of JSON data
-   *     doSomethingWith(configs);
-   * });
-   */
-  var eachOf = doLimit(eachOfLimit, Infinity);
-
-  function doParallel(fn) {
-      return function (obj, iteratee, callback) {
-          return fn(eachOf, obj, iteratee, callback);
-      };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Applies `iteratee` to each item in `coll`, concatenating the results. Returns
-   * the concatenated list. The `iteratee`s are called in parallel, and the
-   * results are concatenated as they return. There is no guarantee that the
-   * results array will be returned in the original order of `coll` passed to the
-   * `iteratee` function.
-   *
-   * @name concat
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, results)` which must be called once
-   * it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and an array of results.
-   * Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback(err)] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array
-   * containing the concatenated results of the `iteratee` function. Invoked with
-   * (err, results).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.concat(['dir1','dir2','dir3'], fs.readdir, function(err, files) {
-   *     // files is now a list of filenames that exist in the 3 directories
-   * });
-   */
-  var concat = doParallel(concat$1);
-
-  function doSeries(fn) {
-      return function (obj, iteratee, callback) {
-          return fn(eachOfSeries, obj, iteratee, callback);
-      };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`concat`]{@link module:Collections.concat} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name concatSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.concat]{@link module:Collections.concat}
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, results)` which must be called once
-   * it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and an array of results.
-   * Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback(err)] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array
-   * containing the concatenated results of the `iteratee` function. Invoked with
-   * (err, results).
-   */
-  var concatSeries = doSeries(concat$1);
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a function that when called, calls-back with the values provided.
-   * Useful as the first function in a [`waterfall`]{@link module:ControlFlow.waterfall}, or for plugging values in to
-   * [`auto`]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto}.
-   *
-   * @name constant
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to automatically invoke
-   * callback with.
-   * @returns {Function} Returns a function that when invoked, automatically
-   * invokes the callback with the previous given arguments.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.waterfall([
-   *     async.constant(42),
-   *     function (value, next) {
-   *         // value === 42
-   *     },
-   *     //...
-   * ], callback);
-   *
-   * async.waterfall([
-   *     async.constant(filename, "utf8"),
-   *     fs.readFile,
-   *     function (fileData, next) {
-   *         //...
-   *     }
-   *     //...
-   * ], callback);
-   *
-   * async.auto({
-   *     hostname: async.constant("https://server.net/"),
-   *     port: findFreePort,
-   *     launchServer: ["hostname", "port", function (options, cb) {
-   *         startServer(options, cb);
-   *     }],
-   *     //...
-   * }, callback);
-   */
-  var constant = rest(function (values) {
-      var args = [null].concat(values);
-      return initialParams(function (ignoredArgs, callback) {
-          return callback.apply(this, args);
-      });
-  });
-
-  /**
-   * This method returns the first argument given to it.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @since 0.1.0
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {*} value Any value.
-   * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
-   *
-   * console.log(_.identity(object) === object);
-   * // => true
-   */
-  function identity(value) {
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  function _createTester(eachfn, check, getResult) {
-      return function (arr, limit, iteratee, cb) {
-          function done(err) {
-              if (cb) {
-                  if (err) {
-                      cb(err);
-                  } else {
-                      cb(null, getResult(false));
-                  }
-              }
-          }
-          function wrappedIteratee(x, _, callback) {
-              if (!cb) return callback();
-              iteratee(x, function (err, v) {
-                  if (cb) {
-                      if (err) {
-                          cb(err);
-                          cb = iteratee = false;
-                      } else if (check(v)) {
-                          cb(null, getResult(true, x));
-                          cb = iteratee = false;
-                      }
-                  }
-                  callback();
-              });
-          }
-          if (arguments.length > 3) {
-              cb = cb || noop;
-              eachfn(arr, limit, wrappedIteratee, done);
-          } else {
-              cb = iteratee;
-              cb = cb || noop;
-              iteratee = limit;
-              eachfn(arr, wrappedIteratee, done);
-          }
-      };
-  }
-
-  function _findGetResult(v, x) {
-      return x;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the first value in `coll` that passes an async truth test. The
-   * `iteratee` is applied in parallel, meaning the first iteratee to return
-   * `true` will fire the detect `callback` with that result. That means the
-   * result might not be the first item in the original `coll` (in terms of order)
-   * that passes the test.
-
-   * If order within the original `coll` is important, then look at
-   * [`detectSeries`]{@link module:Collections.detectSeries}.
-   *
-   * @name detect
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @alias find
-   * @category Collections
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must be called
-   * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
-   * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the `iteratee` functions have finished.
-   * Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test
-   * (iteratee) or the value `undefined` if none passed. Invoked with
-   * (err, result).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.detect(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
-   *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
-   *         callback(null, !err)
-   *     });
-   * }, function(err, result) {
-   *     // result now equals the first file in the list that exists
-   * });
-   */
-  var detect = _createTester(eachOf, identity, _findGetResult);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`detect`]{@link module:Collections.detect} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
-   * time.
-   *
-   * @name detectLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.detect]{@link module:Collections.detect}
-   * @alias findLimit
-   * @category Collections
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must be called
-   * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
-   * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the `iteratee` functions have finished.
-   * Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test
-   * (iteratee) or the value `undefined` if none passed. Invoked with
-   * (err, result).
-   */
-  var detectLimit = _createTester(eachOfLimit, identity, _findGetResult);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`detect`]{@link module:Collections.detect} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name detectSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.detect]{@link module:Collections.detect}
-   * @alias findSeries
-   * @category Collections
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must be called
-   * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
-   * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the `iteratee` functions have finished.
-   * Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test
-   * (iteratee) or the value `undefined` if none passed. Invoked with
-   * (err, result).
-   */
-  var detectSeries = _createTester(eachOfSeries, identity, _findGetResult);
-
-  function consoleFunc(name) {
-      return rest(function (fn, args) {
-          fn.apply(null, args.concat([rest(function (err, args) {
-              if (typeof console === 'object') {
-                  if (err) {
-                      if (console.error) {
-                          console.error(err);
-                      }
-                  } else if (console[name]) {
-                      arrayEach(args, function (x) {
-                          console[name](x);
-                      });
-                  }
-              }
-          })]));
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Logs the result of an `async` function to the `console` using `console.dir`
-   * to display the properties of the resulting object. Only works in Node.js or
-   * in browsers that support `console.dir` and `console.error` (such as FF and
-   * Chrome). If multiple arguments are returned from the async function,
-   * `console.dir` is called on each argument in order.
-   *
-   * @name dir
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} function - The function you want to eventually apply all
-   * arguments to.
-   * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to apply to the function.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // in a module
-   * var hello = function(name, callback) {
-   *     setTimeout(function() {
-   *         callback(null, {hello: name});
-   *     }, 1000);
-   * };
-   *
-   * // in the node repl
-   * node> async.dir(hello, 'world');
-   * {hello: 'world'}
-   */
-  var dir = consoleFunc('dir');
-
-  /**
-   * The post-check version of [`during`]{@link module:ControlFlow.during}. To reflect the difference in
-   * the order of operations, the arguments `test` and `fn` are switched.
-   *
-   * Also a version of [`doWhilst`]{@link module:ControlFlow.doWhilst} with asynchronous `test` function.
-   * @name doDuring
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.during]{@link module:ControlFlow.during}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} fn - A function which is called each time `test` passes.
-   * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
-   * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
-   * @param {Function} test - asynchronous truth test to perform before each
-   * execution of `fn`. Invoked with (...args, callback), where `...args` are the
-   * non-error args from the previous callback of `fn`.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
-   * function has failed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
-   * will be passed an error if one occured, otherwise `null`.
-   */
-  function doDuring(fn, test, callback) {
-      callback = onlyOnce(callback || noop);
-
-      var next = rest(function (err, args) {
-          if (err) return callback(err);
-          args.push(check);
-          test.apply(this, args);
-      });
-
-      function check(err, truth) {
-          if (err) return callback(err);
-          if (!truth) return callback(null);
-          fn(next);
-      }
+    /**
+     * Applies the function `iteratee` to each item in `coll`, in parallel.
+     * The `iteratee` is called with an item from the list, and a callback for when
+     * it has finished. If the `iteratee` passes an error to its `callback`, the
+     * main `callback` (for the `each` function) is immediately called with the
+     * error.
+     *
+     * Note, that since this function applies `iteratee` to each item in parallel,
+     * there is no guarantee that the iteratee functions will complete in order.
+     *
+     * @name each
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @alias forEach
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item
+     * in `coll`. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once
+     * it has completed. If no error has occurred, the `callback` should be run
+     * without arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. The array index is not
+     * passed to the iteratee. Invoked with (item, callback). If you need the index,
+     * use `eachOf`.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // assuming openFiles is an array of file names and saveFile is a function
+     * // to save the modified contents of that file:
+     *
+     * async.each(openFiles, saveFile, function(err){
+     *   // if any of the saves produced an error, err would equal that error
+     * });
+     *
+     * // assuming openFiles is an array of file names
+     * async.each(openFiles, function(file, callback) {
+     *
+     *     // Perform operation on file here.
+     *     console.log('Processing file ' + file);
+     *
+     *     if( file.length > 32 ) {
+     *       console.log('This file name is too long');
+     *       callback('File name too long');
+     *     } else {
+     *       // Do work to process file here
+     *       console.log('File processed');
+     *       callback();
+     *     }
+     * }, function(err) {
+     *     // if any of the file processing produced an error, err would equal that error
+     *     if( err ) {
+     *       // One of the iterations produced an error.
+     *       // All processing will now stop.
+     *       console.log('A file failed to process');
+     *     } else {
+     *       console.log('All files have been processed successfully');
+     *     }
+     * });
+     */
+    function eachLimit(coll, iteratee, callback) {
+      eachOf(coll, _withoutIndex(iteratee), callback);
+    }
 
-      check(null, true);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The post-check version of [`whilst`]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}. To reflect the difference in
-   * the order of operations, the arguments `test` and `iteratee` are switched.
-   *
-   * `doWhilst` is to `whilst` as `do while` is to `while` in plain JavaScript.
-   *
-   * @name doWhilst
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function which is called each time `test`
-   * passes. The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once
-   * it has completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
-   * @param {Function} test - synchronous truth test to perform after each
-   * execution of `iteratee`. Invoked with Invoked with the non-error callback
-   * results of `iteratee`.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
-   * function has failed and repeated execution of `iteratee` has stopped.
-   * `callback` will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final
-   * `iteratee`'s callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
-   */
-  function doWhilst(iteratee, test, callback) {
-      callback = onlyOnce(callback || noop);
-      var next = rest(function (err, args) {
-          if (err) return callback(err);
-          if (test.apply(this, args)) return iteratee(next);
-          callback.apply(null, [null].concat(args));
-      });
-      iteratee(next);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Like ['doWhilst']{@link module:ControlFlow.doWhilst}, except the `test` is inverted. Note the
-   * argument ordering differs from `until`.
-   *
-   * @name doUntil
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.doWhilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.doWhilst}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} fn - A function which is called each time `test` fails.
-   * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
-   * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
-   * @param {Function} test - synchronous truth test to perform after each
-   * execution of `fn`. Invoked with the non-error callback results of `fn`.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
-   * function has passed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
-   * will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final `fn`'s
-   * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
-   */
-  function doUntil(fn, test, callback) {
-      doWhilst(fn, function () {
-          return !test.apply(this, arguments);
-      }, callback);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Like [`whilst`]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}, except the `test` is an asynchronous function that
-   * is passed a callback in the form of `function (err, truth)`. If error is
-   * passed to `test` or `fn`, the main callback is immediately called with the
-   * value of the error.
-   *
-   * @name during
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} test - asynchronous truth test to perform before each
-   * execution of `fn`. Invoked with (callback).
-   * @param {Function} fn - A function which is called each time `test` passes.
-   * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
-   * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
-   * function has failed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
-   * will be passed an error, if one occured, otherwise `null`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * var count = 0;
-   *
-   * async.during(
-   *     function (callback) {
-   *         return callback(null, count < 5);
-   *     },
-   *     function (callback) {
-   *         count++;
-   *         setTimeout(callback, 1000);
-   *     },
-   *     function (err) {
-   *         // 5 seconds have passed
-   *     }
-   * );
-   */
-  function during(test, fn, callback) {
-      callback = onlyOnce(callback || noop);
-
-      function next(err) {
-          if (err) return callback(err);
-          test(check);
-      }
+    /**
+     * The same as [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
+     *
+     * @name eachLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.each]{@link module:Collections.each}
+     * @alias forEachLimit
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A colleciton to iterate over.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`. The
+     * iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once it has
+     * completed. If no error has occurred, the `callback` should be run without
+     * arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. The array index is not passed
+     * to the iteratee. Invoked with (item, callback). If you need the index, use
+     * `eachOfLimit`.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
+     */
+    function eachLimit$1(coll, limit, iteratee, callback) {
+      _eachOfLimit(limit)(coll, _withoutIndex(iteratee), callback);
+    }
 
-      function check(err, truth) {
-          if (err) return callback(err);
-          if (!truth) return callback(null);
-          fn(next);
-      }
+    /**
+     * The same as [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name eachSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.each]{@link module:Collections.each}
+     * @alias forEachSeries
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each
+     * item in `coll`. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called
+     * once it has completed. If no error has occurred, the `callback` should be run
+     * without arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. The array index is
+     * not passed to the iteratee. Invoked with (item, callback). If you need the
+     * index, use `eachOfSeries`.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
+     */
+    var eachSeries = doLimit(eachLimit$1, 1);
+
+    /**
+     * Wrap an async function and ensure it calls its callback on a later tick of
+     * the event loop.  If the function already calls its callback on a next tick,
+     * no extra deferral is added. This is useful for preventing stack overflows
+     * (`RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded`) and generally keeping
+     * [Zalgo](http://blog.izs.me/post/59142742143/designing-apis-for-asynchrony)
+     * contained.
+     *
+     * @name ensureAsync
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} fn - an async function, one that expects a node-style
+     * callback as its last argument.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns a wrapped function with the exact same call
+     * signature as the function passed in.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function sometimesAsync(arg, callback) {
+     *     if (cache[arg]) {
+     *         return callback(null, cache[arg]); // this would be synchronous!!
+     *     } else {
+     *         doSomeIO(arg, callback); // this IO would be asynchronous
+     *     }
+     * }
+     *
+     * // this has a risk of stack overflows if many results are cached in a row
+     * async.mapSeries(args, sometimesAsync, done);
+     *
+     * // this will defer sometimesAsync's callback if necessary,
+     * // preventing stack overflows
+     * async.mapSeries(args, async.ensureAsync(sometimesAsync), done);
+     */
+    function ensureAsync(fn) {
+        return initialParams(function (args, callback) {
+            var sync = true;
+            args.push(function () {
+                var innerArgs = arguments;
+                if (sync) {
+                    setImmediate$1(function () {
+                        callback.apply(null, innerArgs);
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    callback.apply(null, innerArgs);
+                }
+            });
+            fn.apply(this, args);
+            sync = false;
+        });
+    }
 
-      test(check);
-  }
+    function notId(v) {
+        return !v;
+    }
 
-  function _withoutIndex(iteratee) {
-      return function (value, index, callback) {
-          return iteratee(value, callback);
-      };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
-   *
-   * @name eachLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.each]{@link module:Collections.each}
-   * @alias forEachLimit
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A colleciton to iterate over.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`. The
-   * iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once it has
-   * completed. If no error has occurred, the `callback` should be run without
-   * arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. The array index is not passed
-   * to the iteratee. Invoked with (item, callback). If you need the index, use
-   * `eachOfLimit`.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
-   */
-  function eachLimit(coll, limit, iteratee, callback) {
-    _eachOfLimit(limit)(coll, _withoutIndex(iteratee), callback);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Applies the function `iteratee` to each item in `coll`, in parallel.
-   * The `iteratee` is called with an item from the list, and a callback for when
-   * it has finished. If the `iteratee` passes an error to its `callback`, the
-   * main `callback` (for the `each` function) is immediately called with the
-   * error.
-   *
-   * Note, that since this function applies `iteratee` to each item in parallel,
-   * there is no guarantee that the iteratee functions will complete in order.
-   *
-   * @name each
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @alias forEach
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item
-   * in `coll`. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called once
-   * it has completed. If no error has occurred, the `callback` should be run
-   * without arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. The array index is not
-   * passed to the iteratee. Invoked with (item, callback). If you need the index,
-   * use `eachOf`.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // assuming openFiles is an array of file names and saveFile is a function
-   * // to save the modified contents of that file:
-   *
-   * async.each(openFiles, saveFile, function(err){
-   *   // if any of the saves produced an error, err would equal that error
-   * });
-   *
-   * // assuming openFiles is an array of file names
-   * async.each(openFiles, function(file, callback) {
-   *
-   *     // Perform operation on file here.
-   *     console.log('Processing file ' + file);
-   *
-   *     if( file.length > 32 ) {
-   *       console.log('This file name is too long');
-   *       callback('File name too long');
-   *     } else {
-   *       // Do work to process file here
-   *       console.log('File processed');
-   *       callback();
-   *     }
-   * }, function(err) {
-   *     // if any of the file processing produced an error, err would equal that error
-   *     if( err ) {
-   *       // One of the iterations produced an error.
-   *       // All processing will now stop.
-   *       console.log('A file failed to process');
-   *     } else {
-   *       console.log('All files have been processed successfully');
-   *     }
-   * });
-   */
-  var each = doLimit(eachLimit, Infinity);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name eachSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.each]{@link module:Collections.each}
-   * @alias forEachSeries
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each
-   * item in `coll`. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err)` which must be called
-   * once it has completed. If no error has occurred, the `callback` should be run
-   * without arguments or with an explicit `null` argument. The array index is
-   * not passed to the iteratee. Invoked with (item, callback). If you need the
-   * index, use `eachOfSeries`.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
-   */
-  var eachSeries = doLimit(eachLimit, 1);
-
-  /**
-   * Wrap an async function and ensure it calls its callback on a later tick of
-   * the event loop.  If the function already calls its callback on a next tick,
-   * no extra deferral is added. This is useful for preventing stack overflows
-   * (`RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded`) and generally keeping
-   * [Zalgo](http://blog.izs.me/post/59142742143/designing-apis-for-asynchrony)
-   * contained.
-   *
-   * @name ensureAsync
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} fn - an async function, one that expects a node-style
-   * callback as its last argument.
-   * @returns {Function} Returns a wrapped function with the exact same call
-   * signature as the function passed in.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * function sometimesAsync(arg, callback) {
-   *     if (cache[arg]) {
-   *         return callback(null, cache[arg]); // this would be synchronous!!
-   *     } else {
-   *         doSomeIO(arg, callback); // this IO would be asynchronous
-   *     }
-   * }
-   *
-   * // this has a risk of stack overflows if many results are cached in a row
-   * async.mapSeries(args, sometimesAsync, done);
-   *
-   * // this will defer sometimesAsync's callback if necessary,
-   * // preventing stack overflows
-   * async.mapSeries(args, async.ensureAsync(sometimesAsync), done);
-   */
-  function ensureAsync(fn) {
-      return initialParams(function (args, callback) {
-          var sync = true;
-          args.push(function () {
-              var innerArgs = arguments;
-              if (sync) {
-                  setImmediate$1(function () {
-                      callback.apply(null, innerArgs);
-                  });
-              } else {
-                  callback.apply(null, innerArgs);
-              }
-          });
-          fn.apply(this, args);
-          sync = false;
-      });
-  }
-
-  function notId(v) {
-      return !v;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`every`]{@link module:Collections.every} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
-   *
-   * @name everyLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.every]{@link module:Collections.every}
-   * @alias allLimit
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the
-   * collection in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`
-   * which must be called with a  boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked
-   * with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result will be either `true` or `false`
-   * depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).
-   */
-  var everyLimit = _createTester(eachOfLimit, notId, notId);
-
-  /**
-   * Returns `true` if every element in `coll` satisfies an async test. If any
-   * iteratee call returns `false`, the main `callback` is immediately called.
-   *
-   * @name every
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @alias all
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the
-   * collection in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`
-   * which must be called with a  boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked
-   * with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result will be either `true` or `false`
-   * depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.every(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
-   *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
-   *         callback(null, !err)
-   *     });
-   * }, function(err, result) {
-   *     // if result is true then every file exists
-   * });
-   */
-  var every = doLimit(everyLimit, Infinity);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`every`]{@link module:Collections.every} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name everySeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.every]{@link module:Collections.every}
-   * @alias allSeries
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the
-   * collection in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`
-   * which must be called with a  boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked
-   * with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result will be either `true` or `false`
-   * depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).
-   */
-  var everySeries = doLimit(everyLimit, 1);
-
-  function _filter(eachfn, arr, iteratee, callback) {
-      callback = once(callback || noop);
-      var results = [];
-      eachfn(arr, function (x, index, callback) {
-          iteratee(x, function (err, v) {
-              if (err) {
-                  callback(err);
-              } else {
-                  if (v) {
-                      results.push({ index: index, value: x });
-                  }
-                  callback();
-              }
-          });
-      }, function (err) {
-          if (err) {
-              callback(err);
-          } else {
-              callback(null, arrayMap(results.sort(function (a, b) {
-                  return a.index - b.index;
-              }), baseProperty('value')));
-          }
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`filter`]{@link module:Collections.filter} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
-   * time.
-   *
-   * @name filterLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.filter]{@link module:Collections.filter}
-   * @alias selectLimit
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
-   * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
-   */
-  var filterLimit = doParallelLimit(_filter);
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a new array of all the values in `coll` which pass an async truth
-   * test. This operation is performed in parallel, but the results array will be
-   * in the same order as the original.
-   *
-   * @name filter
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @alias select
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
-   * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.filter(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
-   *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
-   *         callback(null, !err)
-   *     });
-   * }, function(err, results) {
-   *     // results now equals an array of the existing files
-   * });
-   */
-  var filter = doLimit(filterLimit, Infinity);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`filter`]{@link module:Collections.filter} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name filterSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.filter]{@link module:Collections.filter}
-   * @alias selectSeries
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
-   * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results)
-   */
-  var filterSeries = doLimit(filterLimit, 1);
-
-  /**
-   * Calls the asynchronous function `fn` with a callback parameter that allows it
-   * to call itself again, in series, indefinitely.
-
-   * If an error is passed to the
-   * callback then `errback` is called with the error, and execution stops,
-   * otherwise it will never be called.
-   *
-   * @name forever
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} fn - a function to call repeatedly. Invoked with (next).
-   * @param {Function} [errback] - when `fn` passes an error to it's callback,
-   * this function will be called, and execution stops. Invoked with (err).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.forever(
-   *     function(next) {
-   *         // next is suitable for passing to things that need a callback(err [, whatever]);
-   *         // it will result in this function being called again.
-   *     },
-   *     function(err) {
-   *         // if next is called with a value in its first parameter, it will appear
-   *         // in here as 'err', and execution will stop.
-   *     }
-   * );
-   */
-  function forever(fn, errback) {
-      var done = onlyOnce(errback || noop);
-      var task = ensureAsync(fn);
-
-      function next(err) {
-          if (err) return done(err);
-          task(next);
-      }
-      next();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Logs the result of an `async` function to the `console`. Only works in
-   * Node.js or in browsers that support `console.log` and `console.error` (such
-   * as FF and Chrome). If multiple arguments are returned from the async
-   * function, `console.log` is called on each argument in order.
-   *
-   * @name log
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} function - The function you want to eventually apply all
-   * arguments to.
-   * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to apply to the function.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // in a module
-   * var hello = function(name, callback) {
-   *     setTimeout(function() {
-   *         callback(null, 'hello ' + name);
-   *     }, 1000);
-   * };
-   *
-   * // in the node repl
-   * node> async.log(hello, 'world');
-   * 'hello world'
-   */
-  var log = consoleFunc('log');
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`mapValues`]{@link module:Collections.mapValues} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
-   * time.
-   *
-   * @name mapValuesLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.mapValues]{@link module:Collections.mapValues}
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Object} obj - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each value in `obj`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
-   * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
-   * transformed value. Invoked with (value, key, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
-   * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an object of the
-   * transformed values from the `obj`. Invoked with (err, result).
-   */
-  function mapValuesLimit(obj, limit, iteratee, callback) {
-      callback = once(callback || noop);
-      var newObj = {};
-      eachOfLimit(obj, limit, function (val, key, next) {
-          iteratee(val, key, function (err, result) {
-              if (err) return next(err);
-              newObj[key] = result;
-              next();
-          });
-      }, function (err) {
-          callback(err, newObj);
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A relative of [`map`]{@link module:Collections.map}, designed for use with objects.
-   *
-   * Produces a new Object by mapping each value of `obj` through the `iteratee`
-   * function. The `iteratee` is called each `value` and `key` from `obj` and a
-   * callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callbacks takes
-   * two arguments: an `error`, and the transformed item from `obj`. If `iteratee`
-   * passes an error to its callback, the main `callback` (for the `mapValues`
-   * function) is immediately called with the error.
-   *
-   * Note, the order of the keys in the result is not guaranteed.  The keys will
-   * be roughly in the order they complete, (but this is very engine-specific)
-   *
-   * @name mapValues
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Object} obj - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each value and key in
-   * `coll`. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be
-   * called once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
-   * transformed value. Invoked with (value, key, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
-   * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the
-   * transformed items from the `obj`. Invoked with (err, result).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.mapValues({
-   *     f1: 'file1',
-   *     f2: 'file2',
-   *     f3: 'file3'
-   * }, function (file, key, callback) {
-   *   fs.stat(file, callback);
-   * }, function(err, result) {
-   *     // results is now a map of stats for each file, e.g.
-   *     // {
-   *     //     f1: [stats for file1],
-   *     //     f2: [stats for file2],
-   *     //     f3: [stats for file3]
-   *     // }
-   * });
-   */
-
-  var mapValues = doLimit(mapValuesLimit, Infinity);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`mapValues`]{@link module:Collections.mapValues} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name mapValuesSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.mapValues]{@link module:Collections.mapValues}
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Object} obj - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each value in `obj`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
-   * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
-   * transformed value. Invoked with (value, key, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
-   * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an object of the
-   * transformed values from the `obj`. Invoked with (err, result).
-   */
-  var mapValuesSeries = doLimit(mapValuesLimit, 1);
-
-  function has(obj, key) {
-      return key in obj;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Caches the results of an `async` function. When creating a hash to store
-   * function results against, the callback is omitted from the hash and an
-   * optional hash function can be used.
-   *
-   * If no hash function is specified, the first argument is used as a hash key,
-   * which may work reasonably if it is a string or a data type that converts to a
-   * distinct string. Note that objects and arrays will not behave reasonably.
-   * Neither will cases where the other arguments are significant. In such cases,
-   * specify your own hash function.
-   *
-   * The cache of results is exposed as the `memo` property of the function
-   * returned by `memoize`.
-   *
-   * @name memoize
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} fn - The function to proxy and cache results from.
-   * @param {Function} hasher - An optional function for generating a custom hash
-   * for storing results. It has all the arguments applied to it apart from the
-   * callback, and must be synchronous.
-   * @returns {Function} a memoized version of `fn`
-   * @example
-   *
-   * var slow_fn = function(name, callback) {
-   *     // do something
-   *     callback(null, result);
-   * };
-   * var fn = async.memoize(slow_fn);
-   *
-   * // fn can now be used as if it were slow_fn
-   * fn('some name', function() {
-   *     // callback
-   * });
-   */
-  function memoize(fn, hasher) {
-      var memo = Object.create(null);
-      var queues = Object.create(null);
-      hasher = hasher || identity;
-      var memoized = initialParams(function memoized(args, callback) {
-          var key = hasher.apply(null, args);
-          if (has(memo, key)) {
-              setImmediate$1(function () {
-                  callback.apply(null, memo[key]);
-              });
-          } else if (has(queues, key)) {
-              queues[key].push(callback);
-          } else {
-              queues[key] = [callback];
-              fn.apply(null, args.concat([rest(function (args) {
-                  memo[key] = args;
-                  var q = queues[key];
-                  delete queues[key];
-                  for (var i = 0, l = q.length; i < l; i++) {
-                      q[i].apply(null, args);
-                  }
-              })]));
-          }
-      });
-      memoized.memo = memo;
-      memoized.unmemoized = fn;
-      return memoized;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Calls `callback` on a later loop around the event loop. In Node.js this just
-   * calls `setImmediate`.  In the browser it will use `setImmediate` if
-   * available, otherwise `setTimeout(callback, 0)`, which means other higher
-   * priority events may precede the execution of `callback`.
-   *
-   * This is used internally for browser-compatibility purposes.
-   *
-   * @name nextTick
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @alias setImmediate
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} callback - The function to call on a later loop around
-   * the event loop. Invoked with (args...).
-   * @param {...*} args... - any number of additional arguments to pass to the
-   * callback on the next tick.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * var call_order = [];
-   * async.nextTick(function() {
-   *     call_order.push('two');
-   *     // call_order now equals ['one','two']
-   * });
-   * call_order.push('one');
-   *
-   * async.setImmediate(function (a, b, c) {
-   *     // a, b, and c equal 1, 2, and 3
-   * }, 1, 2, 3);
-   */
-  var _defer$1;
-
-  if (hasNextTick) {
-      _defer$1 = process.nextTick;
-  } else if (hasSetImmediate) {
-      _defer$1 = setImmediate;
-  } else {
-      _defer$1 = fallback;
-  }
-
-  var nextTick = wrap(_defer$1);
-
-  function _parallel(eachfn, tasks, callback) {
-      callback = callback || noop;
-      var results = isArrayLike(tasks) ? [] : {};
-
-      eachfn(tasks, function (task, key, callback) {
-          task(rest(function (err, args) {
-              if (args.length <= 1) {
-                  args = args[0];
-              }
-              results[key] = args;
-              callback(err);
-          }));
-      }, function (err) {
-          callback(err, results);
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`parallel`]{@link module:ControlFlow.parallel} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
-   * time.
-   *
-   * @name parallelLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.parallel]{@link module:ControlFlow.parallel}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Array|Collection} tasks - A collection containing functions to run.
-   * Each function is passed a `callback(err, result)` which it must call on
-   * completion with an error `err` (which can be `null`) and an optional `result`
-   * value.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
-   * functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array
-   * (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks.
-   * Invoked with (err, results).
-   */
-  function parallelLimit(tasks, limit, callback) {
-    _parallel(_eachOfLimit(limit), tasks, callback);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Run the `tasks` collection of functions in parallel, without waiting until
-   * the previous function has completed. If any of the functions pass an error to
-   * its callback, the main `callback` is immediately called with the value of the
-   * error. Once the `tasks` have completed, the results are passed to the final
-   * `callback` as an array.
-   *
-   * **Note:** `parallel` is about kicking-off I/O tasks in parallel, not about
-   * parallel execution of code.  If your tasks do not use any timers or perform
-   * any I/O, they will actually be executed in series.  Any synchronous setup
-   * sections for each task will happen one after the other.  JavaScript remains
-   * single-threaded.
-   *
-   * It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will
-   * be run as a function and the results will be passed to the final `callback`
-   * as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling
-   * results from {@link async.parallel}.
-   *
-   * @name parallel
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} tasks - A collection containing functions to run.
-   * Each function is passed a `callback(err, result)` which it must call on
-   * completion with an error `err` (which can be `null`) and an optional `result`
-   * value.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
-   * functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array
-   * (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks.
-   * Invoked with (err, results).
-   * @example
-   * async.parallel([
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 'one');
-   *         }, 200);
-   *     },
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 'two');
-   *         }, 100);
-   *     }
-   * ],
-   * // optional callback
-   * function(err, results) {
-   *     // the results array will equal ['one','two'] even though
-   *     // the second function had a shorter timeout.
-   * });
-   *
-   * // an example using an object instead of an array
-   * async.parallel({
-   *     one: function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 1);
-   *         }, 200);
-   *     },
-   *     two: function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 2);
-   *         }, 100);
-   *     }
-   * }, function(err, results) {
-   *     // results is now equals to: {one: 1, two: 2}
-   * });
-   */
-  var parallel = doLimit(parallelLimit, Infinity);
-
-  /**
-   * A queue of tasks for the worker function to complete.
-   * @typedef {Object} QueueObject
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @property {Function} length - a function returning the number of items
-   * waiting to be processed. Invoke with `queue.length()`.
-   * @property {Function} started - a function returning whether or not any
-   * items have been pushed and processed by the queue. Invoke with `queue.started()`.
-   * @property {Function} running - a function returning the number of items
-   * currently being processed. Invoke with `queue.running()`.
-   * @property {Function} workersList - a function returning the array of items
-   * currently being processed. Invoke with `queue.workersList()`.
-   * @property {Function} idle - a function returning false if there are items
-   * waiting or being processed, or true if not. Invoke with `queue.idle()`.
-   * @property {number} concurrency - an integer for determining how many `worker`
-   * functions should be run in parallel. This property can be changed after a
-   * `queue` is created to alter the concurrency on-the-fly.
-   * @property {Function} push - add a new task to the `queue`. Calls `callback`
-   * once the `worker` has finished processing the task. Instead of a single task,
-   * a `tasks` array can be submitted. The respective callback is used for every
-   * task in the list. Invoke with `queue.push(task, [callback])`,
-   * @property {Function} unshift - add a new task to the front of the `queue`.
-   * Invoke with `queue.unshift(task, [callback])`.
-   * @property {Function} saturated - a callback that is called when the number of
-   * running workers hits the `concurrency` limit, and further tasks will be
-   * queued.
-   * @property {Function} unsaturated - a callback that is called when the number
-   * of running workers is less than the `concurrency` & `buffer` limits, and
-   * further tasks will not be queued.
-   * @property {number} buffer - A minimum threshold buffer in order to say that
-   * the `queue` is `unsaturated`.
-   * @property {Function} empty - a callback that is called when the last item
-   * from the `queue` is given to a `worker`.
-   * @property {Function} drain - a callback that is called when the last item
-   * from the `queue` has returned from the `worker`.
-   * @property {Function} error - a callback that is called when a task errors.
-   * Has the signature `function(error, task)`.
-   * @property {boolean} paused - a boolean for determining whether the queue is
-   * in a paused state.
-   * @property {Function} pause - a function that pauses the processing of tasks
-   * until `resume()` is called. Invoke with `queue.pause()`.
-   * @property {Function} resume - a function that resumes the processing of
-   * queued tasks when the queue is paused. Invoke with `queue.resume()`.
-   * @property {Function} kill - a function that removes the `drain` callback and
-   * empties remaining tasks from the queue forcing it to go idle. Invoke with `queue.kill()`.
-   */
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a `queue` object with the specified `concurrency`. Tasks added to the
-   * `queue` are processed in parallel (up to the `concurrency` limit). If all
-   * `worker`s are in progress, the task is queued until one becomes available.
-   * Once a `worker` completes a `task`, that `task`'s callback is called.
-   *
-   * @name queue
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} worker - An asynchronous function for processing a queued
-   * task, which must call its `callback(err)` argument when finished, with an
-   * optional `error` as an argument.  If you want to handle errors from an
-   * individual task, pass a callback to `q.push()`. Invoked with
-   * (task, callback).
-   * @param {number} [concurrency=1] - An `integer` for determining how many
-   * `worker` functions should be run in parallel.  If omitted, the concurrency
-   * defaults to `1`.  If the concurrency is `0`, an error is thrown.
-   * @returns {module:ControlFlow.QueueObject} A queue object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can
-   * attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the
-   * lifecycle of the queue.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // create a queue object with concurrency 2
-   * var q = async.queue(function(task, callback) {
-   *     console.log('hello ' + task.name);
-   *     callback();
-   * }, 2);
-   *
-   * // assign a callback
-   * q.drain = function() {
-   *     console.log('all items have been processed');
-   * };
-   *
-   * // add some items to the queue
-   * q.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
-   *     console.log('finished processing foo');
-   * });
-   * q.push({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
-   *     console.log('finished processing bar');
-   * });
-   *
-   * // add some items to the queue (batch-wise)
-   * q.push([{name: 'baz'},{name: 'bay'},{name: 'bax'}], function(err) {
-   *     console.log('finished processing item');
-   * });
-   *
-   * // add some items to the front of the queue
-   * q.unshift({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
-   *     console.log('finished processing bar');
-   * });
-   */
-  function queue$1 (worker, concurrency) {
-    return queue(function (items, cb) {
-      worker(items[0], cb);
-    }, concurrency, 1);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue} only tasks are assigned a priority and
-   * completed in ascending priority order.
-   *
-   * @name priorityQueue
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} worker - An asynchronous function for processing a queued
-   * task, which must call its `callback(err)` argument when finished, with an
-   * optional `error` as an argument.  If you want to handle errors from an
-   * individual task, pass a callback to `q.push()`. Invoked with
-   * (task, callback).
-   * @param {number} concurrency - An `integer` for determining how many `worker`
-   * functions should be run in parallel.  If omitted, the concurrency defaults to
-   * `1`.  If the concurrency is `0`, an error is thrown.
-   * @returns {module:ControlFlow.QueueObject} A priorityQueue object to manage the tasks. There are two
-   * differences between `queue` and `priorityQueue` objects:
-   * * `push(task, priority, [callback])` - `priority` should be a number. If an
-   *   array of `tasks` is given, all tasks will be assigned the same priority.
-   * * The `unshift` method was removed.
-   */
-  function priorityQueue (worker, concurrency) {
-      // Start with a normal queue
-      var q = queue$1(worker, concurrency);
-
-      // Override push to accept second parameter representing priority
-      q.push = function (data, priority, callback) {
-          if (callback == null) callback = noop;
-          if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
-              throw new Error('task callback must be a function');
-          }
-          q.started = true;
-          if (!isArray(data)) {
-              data = [data];
-          }
-          if (data.length === 0) {
-              // call drain immediately if there are no tasks
-              return setImmediate$1(function () {
-                  q.drain();
-              });
-          }
+    /**
+     * Returns `true` if every element in `coll` satisfies an async test. If any
+     * iteratee call returns `false`, the main `callback` is immediately called.
+     *
+     * @name every
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @alias all
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the
+     * collection in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`
+     * which must be called with a  boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked
+     * with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result will be either `true` or `false`
+     * depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.every(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
+     *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
+     *         callback(null, !err)
+     *     });
+     * }, function(err, result) {
+     *     // if result is true then every file exists
+     * });
+     */
+    var every = _createTester(eachOf, notId, notId);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`every`]{@link module:Collections.every} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
+     *
+     * @name everyLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.every]{@link module:Collections.every}
+     * @alias allLimit
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the
+     * collection in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`
+     * which must be called with a  boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked
+     * with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result will be either `true` or `false`
+     * depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).
+     */
+    var everyLimit = _createTester(eachOfLimit, notId, notId);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`every`]{@link module:Collections.every} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name everySeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.every]{@link module:Collections.every}
+     * @alias allSeries
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the
+     * collection in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`
+     * which must be called with a  boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked
+     * with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result will be either `true` or `false`
+     * depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).
+     */
+    var everySeries = doLimit(everyLimit, 1);
+
+    function _filter(eachfn, arr, iteratee, callback) {
+        callback = once(callback || noop);
+        var results = [];
+        eachfn(arr, function (x, index, callback) {
+            iteratee(x, function (err, v) {
+                if (err) {
+                    callback(err);
+                } else {
+                    if (v) {
+                        results.push({ index: index, value: x });
+                    }
+                    callback();
+                }
+            });
+        }, function (err) {
+            if (err) {
+                callback(err);
+            } else {
+                callback(null, arrayMap(results.sort(function (a, b) {
+                    return a.index - b.index;
+                }), baseProperty('value')));
+            }
+        });
+    }
 
-          priority = priority || 0;
-          var nextNode = q._tasks.head;
-          while (nextNode && priority >= nextNode.priority) {
-              nextNode = nextNode.next;
-          }
+    /**
+     * Returns a new array of all the values in `coll` which pass an async truth
+     * test. This operation is performed in parallel, but the results array will be
+     * in the same order as the original.
+     *
+     * @name filter
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @alias select
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
+     * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.filter(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
+     *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
+     *         callback(null, !err)
+     *     });
+     * }, function(err, results) {
+     *     // results now equals an array of the existing files
+     * });
+     */
+    var filter = doParallel(_filter);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`filter`]{@link module:Collections.filter} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
+     * time.
+     *
+     * @name filterLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.filter]{@link module:Collections.filter}
+     * @alias selectLimit
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
+     * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
+     */
+    var filterLimit = doParallelLimit(_filter);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`filter`]{@link module:Collections.filter} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name filterSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.filter]{@link module:Collections.filter}
+     * @alias selectSeries
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
+     * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results)
+     */
+    var filterSeries = doLimit(filterLimit, 1);
+
+    /**
+     * Calls the asynchronous function `fn` with a callback parameter that allows it
+     * to call itself again, in series, indefinitely.
+
+     * If an error is passed to the
+     * callback then `errback` is called with the error, and execution stops,
+     * otherwise it will never be called.
+     *
+     * @name forever
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} fn - a function to call repeatedly. Invoked with (next).
+     * @param {Function} [errback] - when `fn` passes an error to it's callback,
+     * this function will be called, and execution stops. Invoked with (err).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.forever(
+     *     function(next) {
+     *         // next is suitable for passing to things that need a callback(err [, whatever]);
+     *         // it will result in this function being called again.
+     *     },
+     *     function(err) {
+     *         // if next is called with a value in its first parameter, it will appear
+     *         // in here as 'err', and execution will stop.
+     *     }
+     * );
+     */
+    function forever(fn, errback) {
+        var done = onlyOnce(errback || noop);
+        var task = ensureAsync(fn);
+
+        function next(err) {
+            if (err) return done(err);
+            task(next);
+        }
+        next();
+    }
 
-          arrayEach(data, function (task) {
-              var item = {
-                  data: task,
-                  priority: priority,
-                  callback: callback
-              };
-
-              if (nextNode) {
-                  q._tasks.insertBefore(nextNode, item);
-              } else {
-                  q._tasks.push(item);
-              }
-          });
-          setImmediate$1(q.process);
-      };
+    /**
+     * Logs the result of an `async` function to the `console`. Only works in
+     * Node.js or in browsers that support `console.log` and `console.error` (such
+     * as FF and Chrome). If multiple arguments are returned from the async
+     * function, `console.log` is called on each argument in order.
+     *
+     * @name log
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} function - The function you want to eventually apply all
+     * arguments to.
+     * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to apply to the function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // in a module
+     * var hello = function(name, callback) {
+     *     setTimeout(function() {
+     *         callback(null, 'hello ' + name);
+     *     }, 1000);
+     * };
+     *
+     * // in the node repl
+     * node> async.log(hello, 'world');
+     * 'hello world'
+     */
+    var log = consoleFunc('log');
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`mapValues`]{@link module:Collections.mapValues} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
+     * time.
+     *
+     * @name mapValuesLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.mapValues]{@link module:Collections.mapValues}
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Object} obj - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each value in `obj`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
+     * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
+     * transformed value. Invoked with (value, key, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
+     * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an object of the
+     * transformed values from the `obj`. Invoked with (err, result).
+     */
+    function mapValuesLimit(obj, limit, iteratee, callback) {
+        callback = once(callback || noop);
+        var newObj = {};
+        eachOfLimit(obj, limit, function (val, key, next) {
+            iteratee(val, key, function (err, result) {
+                if (err) return next(err);
+                newObj[key] = result;
+                next();
+            });
+        }, function (err) {
+            callback(err, newObj);
+        });
+    }
 
-      // Remove unshift function
-      delete q.unshift;
-
-      return q;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Runs the `tasks` array of functions in parallel, without waiting until the
-   * previous function has completed. Once any the `tasks` completed or pass an
-   * error to its callback, the main `callback` is immediately called. It's
-   * equivalent to `Promise.race()`.
-   *
-   * @name race
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Array} tasks - An array containing functions to run. Each function
-   * is passed a `callback(err, result)` which it must call on completion with an
-   * error `err` (which can be `null`) and an optional `result` value.
-   * @param {Function} callback - A callback to run once any of the functions have
-   * completed. This function gets an error or result from the first function that
-   * completed. Invoked with (err, result).
-   * @returns undefined
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.race([
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 'one');
-   *         }, 200);
-   *     },
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 'two');
-   *         }, 100);
-   *     }
-   * ],
-   * // main callback
-   * function(err, result) {
-   *     // the result will be equal to 'two' as it finishes earlier
-   * });
-   */
-  function race(tasks, callback) {
-      callback = once(callback || noop);
-      if (!isArray(tasks)) return callback(new TypeError('First argument to race must be an array of functions'));
-      if (!tasks.length) return callback();
-      arrayEach(tasks, function (task) {
-          task(callback);
-      });
-  }
-
-  var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
-
-  /**
-   * Same as [`reduce`]{@link module:Collections.reduce}, only operates on `array` in reverse order.
-   *
-   * @name reduceRight
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.reduce]{@link module:Collections.reduce}
-   * @alias foldr
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array} array - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {*} memo - The initial state of the reduction.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function applied to each item in the
-   * array to produce the next step in the reduction. The `iteratee` is passed a
-   * `callback(err, reduction)` which accepts an optional error as its first
-   * argument, and the state of the reduction as the second. If an error is
-   * passed to the callback, the reduction is stopped and the main `callback` is
-   * immediately called with the error. Invoked with (memo, item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result is the reduced value. Invoked with
-   * (err, result).
-   */
-  function reduceRight(array, memo, iteratee, callback) {
-    var reversed = slice.call(array).reverse();
-    reduce(reversed, memo, iteratee, callback);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Wraps the function in another function that always returns data even when it
-   * errors.
-   *
-   * The object returned has either the property `error` or `value`.
-   *
-   * @name reflect
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} fn - The function you want to wrap
-   * @returns {Function} - A function that always passes null to it's callback as
-   * the error. The second argument to the callback will be an `object` with
-   * either an `error` or a `value` property.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.parallel([
-   *     async.reflect(function(callback) {
-   *         // do some stuff ...
-   *         callback(null, 'one');
-   *     }),
-   *     async.reflect(function(callback) {
-   *         // do some more stuff but error ...
-   *         callback('bad stuff happened');
-   *     }),
-   *     async.reflect(function(callback) {
-   *         // do some more stuff ...
-   *         callback(null, 'two');
-   *     })
-   * ],
-   * // optional callback
-   * function(err, results) {
-   *     // values
-   *     // results[0].value = 'one'
-   *     // results[1].error = 'bad stuff happened'
-   *     // results[2].value = 'two'
-   * });
-   */
-  function reflect(fn) {
-      return initialParams(function reflectOn(args, reflectCallback) {
-          args.push(rest(function callback(err, cbArgs) {
-              if (err) {
-                  reflectCallback(null, {
-                      error: err
-                  });
-              } else {
-                  var value = null;
-                  if (cbArgs.length === 1) {
-                      value = cbArgs[0];
-                  } else if (cbArgs.length > 1) {
-                      value = cbArgs;
-                  }
-                  reflectCallback(null, {
-                      value: value
-                  });
-              }
-          }));
-
-          return fn.apply(this, args);
-      });
-  }
-
-  function reject$1(eachfn, arr, iteratee, callback) {
-      _filter(eachfn, arr, function (value, cb) {
-          iteratee(value, function (err, v) {
-              if (err) {
-                  cb(err);
-              } else {
-                  cb(null, !v);
-              }
-          });
-      }, callback);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`reject`]{@link module:Collections.reject} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
-   * time.
-   *
-   * @name rejectLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.reject]{@link module:Collections.reject}
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
-   * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
-   */
-  var rejectLimit = doParallelLimit(reject$1);
-
-  /**
-   * The opposite of [`filter`]{@link module:Collections.filter}. Removes values that pass an `async` truth test.
-   *
-   * @name reject
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.filter]{@link module:Collections.filter}
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
-   * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.reject(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
-   *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
-   *         callback(null, !err)
-   *     });
-   * }, function(err, results) {
-   *     // results now equals an array of missing files
-   *     createFiles(results);
-   * });
-   */
-  var reject = doLimit(rejectLimit, Infinity);
-
-  /**
-   * A helper function that wraps an array or an object of functions with reflect.
-   *
-   * @name reflectAll
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.reflect]{@link module:Utils.reflect}
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Array} tasks - The array of functions to wrap in `async.reflect`.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns an array of functions, each function wrapped in
-   * `async.reflect`
-   * @example
-   *
-   * let tasks = [
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 'one');
-   *         }, 200);
-   *     },
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         // do some more stuff but error ...
-   *         callback(new Error('bad stuff happened'));
-   *     },
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 'two');
-   *         }, 100);
-   *     }
-   * ];
-   *
-   * async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
-   * // optional callback
-   * function(err, results) {
-   *     // values
-   *     // results[0].value = 'one'
-   *     // results[1].error = Error('bad stuff happened')
-   *     // results[2].value = 'two'
-   * });
-   *
-   * // an example using an object instead of an array
-   * let tasks = {
-   *     one: function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 'one');
-   *         }, 200);
-   *     },
-   *     two: function(callback) {
-   *         callback('two');
-   *     },
-   *     three: function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 'three');
-   *         }, 100);
-   *     }
-   * };
-   *
-   * async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
-   * // optional callback
-   * function(err, results) {
-   *     // values
-   *     // results.one.value = 'one'
-   *     // results.two.error = 'two'
-   *     // results.three.value = 'three'
-   * });
-   */
-  function reflectAll(tasks) {
-      var results;
-      if (isArray(tasks)) {
-          results = arrayMap(tasks, reflect);
-      } else {
-          results = {};
-          baseForOwn(tasks, function (task, key) {
-              results[key] = reflect.call(this, task);
-          });
-      }
-      return results;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`reject`]{@link module:Collections.reject} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name rejectSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.reject]{@link module:Collections.reject}
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
-   * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
-   */
-  var rejectSeries = doLimit(rejectLimit, 1);
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a function that returns `value`.
-   *
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf _
-   * @since 2.4.0
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
-   * @returns {Function} Returns the new constant function.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * var objects = _.times(2, _.constant({ 'a': 1 }));
-   *
-   * console.log(objects);
-   * // => [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'a': 1 }]
-   *
-   * console.log(objects[0] === objects[1]);
-   * // => true
-   */
-  function constant$1(value) {
-    return function() {
-      return value;
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Attempts to get a successful response from `task` no more than `times` times
-   * before returning an error. If the task is successful, the `callback` will be
-   * passed the result of the successful task. If all attempts fail, the callback
-   * will be passed the error and result (if any) of the final attempt.
-   *
-   * @name retry
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Object|number} [opts = {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5] - Can be either an
-   * object with `times` and `interval` or a number.
-   * * `times` - The number of attempts to make before giving up.  The default
-   *   is `5`.
-   * * `interval` - The time to wait between retries, in milliseconds.  The
-   *   default is `0`. The interval may also be specified as a function of the
-   *   retry count (see example).
-   * * If `opts` is a number, the number specifies the number of times to retry,
-   *   with the default interval of `0`.
-   * @param {Function} task - A function which receives two arguments: (1) a
-   * `callback(err, result)` which must be called when finished, passing `err`
-   * (which can be `null`) and the `result` of the function's execution, and (2)
-   * a `results` object, containing the results of the previously executed
-   * functions (if nested inside another control flow). Invoked with
-   * (callback, results).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when the
-   * task has succeeded, or after the final failed attempt. It receives the `err`
-   * and `result` arguments of the last attempt at completing the `task`. Invoked
-   * with (err, results).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // The `retry` function can be used as a stand-alone control flow by passing
-   * // a callback, as shown below:
-   *
-   * // try calling apiMethod 3 times
-   * async.retry(3, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
-   *     // do something with the result
-   * });
-   *
-   * // try calling apiMethod 3 times, waiting 200 ms between each retry
-   * async.retry({times: 3, interval: 200}, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
-   *     // do something with the result
-   * });
-   *
-   * // try calling apiMethod 10 times with exponential backoff
-   * // (i.e. intervals of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, ... milliseconds)
-   * async.retry({
-   *   times: 10,
-   *   interval: function(retryCount) {
-   *     return 50 * Math.pow(2, retryCount);
-   *   }
-   * }, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
-   *     // do something with the result
-   * });
-   *
-   * // try calling apiMethod the default 5 times no delay between each retry
-   * async.retry(apiMethod, function(err, result) {
-   *     // do something with the result
-   * });
-   *
-   * // It can also be embedded within other control flow functions to retry
-   * // individual methods that are not as reliable, like this:
-   * async.auto({
-   *     users: api.getUsers.bind(api),
-   *     payments: async.retry(3, api.getPayments.bind(api))
-   * }, function(err, results) {
-   *     // do something with the results
-   * });
-   */
-  function retry(opts, task, callback) {
-      var DEFAULT_TIMES = 5;
-      var DEFAULT_INTERVAL = 0;
-
-      var options = {
-          times: DEFAULT_TIMES,
-          intervalFunc: constant$1(DEFAULT_INTERVAL)
-      };
+    /**
+     * A relative of [`map`]{@link module:Collections.map}, designed for use with objects.
+     *
+     * Produces a new Object by mapping each value of `obj` through the `iteratee`
+     * function. The `iteratee` is called each `value` and `key` from `obj` and a
+     * callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callbacks takes
+     * two arguments: an `error`, and the transformed item from `obj`. If `iteratee`
+     * passes an error to its callback, the main `callback` (for the `mapValues`
+     * function) is immediately called with the error.
+     *
+     * Note, the order of the keys in the result is not guaranteed.  The keys will
+     * be roughly in the order they complete, (but this is very engine-specific)
+     *
+     * @name mapValues
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Object} obj - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each value and key in
+     * `coll`. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be
+     * called once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
+     * transformed value. Invoked with (value, key, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
+     * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the
+     * transformed items from the `obj`. Invoked with (err, result).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.mapValues({
+     *     f1: 'file1',
+     *     f2: 'file2',
+     *     f3: 'file3'
+     * }, function (file, key, callback) {
+     *   fs.stat(file, callback);
+     * }, function(err, result) {
+     *     // results is now a map of stats for each file, e.g.
+     *     // {
+     *     //     f1: [stats for file1],
+     *     //     f2: [stats for file2],
+     *     //     f3: [stats for file3]
+     *     // }
+     * });
+     */
+
+    var mapValues = doLimit(mapValuesLimit, Infinity);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`mapValues`]{@link module:Collections.mapValues} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name mapValuesSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.mapValues]{@link module:Collections.mapValues}
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Object} obj - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each value in `obj`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, transformed)` which must be called
+     * once it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a
+     * transformed value. Invoked with (value, key, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
+     * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an object of the
+     * transformed values from the `obj`. Invoked with (err, result).
+     */
+    var mapValuesSeries = doLimit(mapValuesLimit, 1);
+
+    function has(obj, key) {
+        return key in obj;
+    }
 
-      function parseTimes(acc, t) {
-          if (typeof t === 'object') {
-              acc.times = +t.times || DEFAULT_TIMES;
+    /**
+     * Caches the results of an `async` function. When creating a hash to store
+     * function results against, the callback is omitted from the hash and an
+     * optional hash function can be used.
+     *
+     * If no hash function is specified, the first argument is used as a hash key,
+     * which may work reasonably if it is a string or a data type that converts to a
+     * distinct string. Note that objects and arrays will not behave reasonably.
+     * Neither will cases where the other arguments are significant. In such cases,
+     * specify your own hash function.
+     *
+     * The cache of results is exposed as the `memo` property of the function
+     * returned by `memoize`.
+     *
+     * @name memoize
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} fn - The function to proxy and cache results from.
+     * @param {Function} hasher - An optional function for generating a custom hash
+     * for storing results. It has all the arguments applied to it apart from the
+     * callback, and must be synchronous.
+     * @returns {Function} a memoized version of `fn`
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var slow_fn = function(name, callback) {
+     *     // do something
+     *     callback(null, result);
+     * };
+     * var fn = async.memoize(slow_fn);
+     *
+     * // fn can now be used as if it were slow_fn
+     * fn('some name', function() {
+     *     // callback
+     * });
+     */
+    function memoize(fn, hasher) {
+        var memo = Object.create(null);
+        var queues = Object.create(null);
+        hasher = hasher || identity;
+        var memoized = initialParams(function memoized(args, callback) {
+            var key = hasher.apply(null, args);
+            if (has(memo, key)) {
+                setImmediate$1(function () {
+                    callback.apply(null, memo[key]);
+                });
+            } else if (has(queues, key)) {
+                queues[key].push(callback);
+            } else {
+                queues[key] = [callback];
+                fn.apply(null, args.concat([rest(function (args) {
+                    memo[key] = args;
+                    var q = queues[key];
+                    delete queues[key];
+                    for (var i = 0, l = q.length; i < l; i++) {
+                        q[i].apply(null, args);
+                    }
+                })]));
+            }
+        });
+        memoized.memo = memo;
+        memoized.unmemoized = fn;
+        return memoized;
+    }
 
-              acc.intervalFunc = typeof t.interval === 'function' ? t.interval : constant$1(+t.interval || DEFAULT_INTERVAL);
-          } else if (typeof t === 'number' || typeof t === 'string') {
-              acc.times = +t || DEFAULT_TIMES;
-          } else {
-              throw new Error("Invalid arguments for async.retry");
-          }
-      }
+    /**
+     * Calls `callback` on a later loop around the event loop. In Node.js this just
+     * calls `setImmediate`.  In the browser it will use `setImmediate` if
+     * available, otherwise `setTimeout(callback, 0)`, which means other higher
+     * priority events may precede the execution of `callback`.
+     *
+     * This is used internally for browser-compatibility purposes.
+     *
+     * @name nextTick
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @alias setImmediate
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} callback - The function to call on a later loop around
+     * the event loop. Invoked with (args...).
+     * @param {...*} args... - any number of additional arguments to pass to the
+     * callback on the next tick.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var call_order = [];
+     * async.nextTick(function() {
+     *     call_order.push('two');
+     *     // call_order now equals ['one','two']
+     * });
+     * call_order.push('one');
+     *
+     * async.setImmediate(function (a, b, c) {
+     *     // a, b, and c equal 1, 2, and 3
+     * }, 1, 2, 3);
+     */
+    var _defer$1;
+
+    if (hasNextTick) {
+        _defer$1 = process.nextTick;
+    } else if (hasSetImmediate) {
+        _defer$1 = setImmediate;
+    } else {
+        _defer$1 = fallback;
+    }
 
-      if (arguments.length < 3 && typeof opts === 'function') {
-          callback = task || noop;
-          task = opts;
-      } else {
-          parseTimes(options, opts);
-          callback = callback || noop;
-      }
+    var nextTick = wrap(_defer$1);
+
+    function _parallel(eachfn, tasks, callback) {
+        callback = callback || noop;
+        var results = isArrayLike(tasks) ? [] : {};
+
+        eachfn(tasks, function (task, key, callback) {
+            task(rest(function (err, args) {
+                if (args.length <= 1) {
+                    args = args[0];
+                }
+                results[key] = args;
+                callback(err);
+            }));
+        }, function (err) {
+            callback(err, results);
+        });
+    }
 
-      if (typeof task !== 'function') {
-          throw new Error("Invalid arguments for async.retry");
-      }
+    /**
+     * Run the `tasks` collection of functions in parallel, without waiting until
+     * the previous function has completed. If any of the functions pass an error to
+     * its callback, the main `callback` is immediately called with the value of the
+     * error. Once the `tasks` have completed, the results are passed to the final
+     * `callback` as an array.
+     *
+     * **Note:** `parallel` is about kicking-off I/O tasks in parallel, not about
+     * parallel execution of code.  If your tasks do not use any timers or perform
+     * any I/O, they will actually be executed in series.  Any synchronous setup
+     * sections for each task will happen one after the other.  JavaScript remains
+     * single-threaded.
+     *
+     * It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will
+     * be run as a function and the results will be passed to the final `callback`
+     * as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling
+     * results from {@link async.parallel}.
+     *
+     * @name parallel
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} tasks - A collection containing functions to run.
+     * Each function is passed a `callback(err, result)` which it must call on
+     * completion with an error `err` (which can be `null`) and an optional `result`
+     * value.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
+     * functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array
+     * (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks.
+     * Invoked with (err, results).
+     * @example
+     * async.parallel([
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 'one');
+     *         }, 200);
+     *     },
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 'two');
+     *         }, 100);
+     *     }
+     * ],
+     * // optional callback
+     * function(err, results) {
+     *     // the results array will equal ['one','two'] even though
+     *     // the second function had a shorter timeout.
+     * });
+     *
+     * // an example using an object instead of an array
+     * async.parallel({
+     *     one: function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 1);
+     *         }, 200);
+     *     },
+     *     two: function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 2);
+     *         }, 100);
+     *     }
+     * }, function(err, results) {
+     *     // results is now equals to: {one: 1, two: 2}
+     * });
+     */
+    function parallelLimit(tasks, callback) {
+      _parallel(eachOf, tasks, callback);
+    }
 
-      var attempt = 1;
-      function retryAttempt() {
-          task(function (err) {
-              if (err && attempt++ < options.times) {
-                  setTimeout(retryAttempt, options.intervalFunc(attempt));
-              } else {
-                  callback.apply(null, arguments);
-              }
-          });
-      }
+    /**
+     * The same as [`parallel`]{@link module:ControlFlow.parallel} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
+     * time.
+     *
+     * @name parallelLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.parallel]{@link module:ControlFlow.parallel}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Array|Collection} tasks - A collection containing functions to run.
+     * Each function is passed a `callback(err, result)` which it must call on
+     * completion with an error `err` (which can be `null`) and an optional `result`
+     * value.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
+     * functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array
+     * (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks.
+     * Invoked with (err, results).
+     */
+    function parallelLimit$1(tasks, limit, callback) {
+      _parallel(_eachOfLimit(limit), tasks, callback);
+    }
 
-      retryAttempt();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A close relative of [`retry`]{@link module:ControlFlow.retry}.  This method wraps a task and makes it
-   * retryable, rather than immediately calling it with retries.
-   *
-   * @name retryable
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.retry]{@link module:ControlFlow.retry}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Object|number} [opts = {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5] - optional
-   * options, exactly the same as from `retry`
-   * @param {Function} task - the asynchronous function to wrap
-   * @returns {Functions} The wrapped function, which when invoked, will retry on
-   * an error, based on the parameters specified in `opts`.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.auto({
-   *     dep1: async.retryable(3, getFromFlakyService),
-   *     process: ["dep1", async.retryable(3, function (results, cb) {
-   *         maybeProcessData(results.dep1, cb);
-   *     })]
-   * }, callback);
-   */
-  function retryable (opts, task) {
-      if (!task) {
-          task = opts;
-          opts = null;
-      }
-      return initialParams(function (args, callback) {
-          function taskFn(cb) {
-              task.apply(null, args.concat([cb]));
-          }
+    /**
+     * A queue of tasks for the worker function to complete.
+     * @typedef {Object} QueueObject
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @property {Function} length - a function returning the number of items
+     * waiting to be processed. Invoke with `queue.length()`.
+     * @property {boolean} started - a boolean indicating whether or not any
+     * items have been pushed and processed by the queue.
+     * @property {Function} running - a function returning the number of items
+     * currently being processed. Invoke with `queue.running()`.
+     * @property {Function} workersList - a function returning the array of items
+     * currently being processed. Invoke with `queue.workersList()`.
+     * @property {Function} idle - a function returning false if there are items
+     * waiting or being processed, or true if not. Invoke with `queue.idle()`.
+     * @property {number} concurrency - an integer for determining how many `worker`
+     * functions should be run in parallel. This property can be changed after a
+     * `queue` is created to alter the concurrency on-the-fly.
+     * @property {Function} push - add a new task to the `queue`. Calls `callback`
+     * once the `worker` has finished processing the task. Instead of a single task,
+     * a `tasks` array can be submitted. The respective callback is used for every
+     * task in the list. Invoke with `queue.push(task, [callback])`,
+     * @property {Function} unshift - add a new task to the front of the `queue`.
+     * Invoke with `queue.unshift(task, [callback])`.
+     * @property {Function} saturated - a callback that is called when the number of
+     * running workers hits the `concurrency` limit, and further tasks will be
+     * queued.
+     * @property {Function} unsaturated - a callback that is called when the number
+     * of running workers is less than the `concurrency` & `buffer` limits, and
+     * further tasks will not be queued.
+     * @property {number} buffer - A minimum threshold buffer in order to say that
+     * the `queue` is `unsaturated`.
+     * @property {Function} empty - a callback that is called when the last item
+     * from the `queue` is given to a `worker`.
+     * @property {Function} drain - a callback that is called when the last item
+     * from the `queue` has returned from the `worker`.
+     * @property {Function} error - a callback that is called when a task errors.
+     * Has the signature `function(error, task)`.
+     * @property {boolean} paused - a boolean for determining whether the queue is
+     * in a paused state.
+     * @property {Function} pause - a function that pauses the processing of tasks
+     * until `resume()` is called. Invoke with `queue.pause()`.
+     * @property {Function} resume - a function that resumes the processing of
+     * queued tasks when the queue is paused. Invoke with `queue.resume()`.
+     * @property {Function} kill - a function that removes the `drain` callback and
+     * empties remaining tasks from the queue forcing it to go idle. Invoke with `queue.kill()`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `queue` object with the specified `concurrency`. Tasks added to the
+     * `queue` are processed in parallel (up to the `concurrency` limit). If all
+     * `worker`s are in progress, the task is queued until one becomes available.
+     * Once a `worker` completes a `task`, that `task`'s callback is called.
+     *
+     * @name queue
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} worker - An asynchronous function for processing a queued
+     * task, which must call its `callback(err)` argument when finished, with an
+     * optional `error` as an argument.  If you want to handle errors from an
+     * individual task, pass a callback to `q.push()`. Invoked with
+     * (task, callback).
+     * @param {number} [concurrency=1] - An `integer` for determining how many
+     * `worker` functions should be run in parallel.  If omitted, the concurrency
+     * defaults to `1`.  If the concurrency is `0`, an error is thrown.
+     * @returns {module:ControlFlow.QueueObject} A queue object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can
+     * attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the
+     * lifecycle of the queue.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // create a queue object with concurrency 2
+     * var q = async.queue(function(task, callback) {
+     *     console.log('hello ' + task.name);
+     *     callback();
+     * }, 2);
+     *
+     * // assign a callback
+     * q.drain = function() {
+     *     console.log('all items have been processed');
+     * };
+     *
+     * // add some items to the queue
+     * q.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
+     *     console.log('finished processing foo');
+     * });
+     * q.push({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
+     *     console.log('finished processing bar');
+     * });
+     *
+     * // add some items to the queue (batch-wise)
+     * q.push([{name: 'baz'},{name: 'bay'},{name: 'bax'}], function(err) {
+     *     console.log('finished processing item');
+     * });
+     *
+     * // add some items to the front of the queue
+     * q.unshift({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
+     *     console.log('finished processing bar');
+     * });
+     */
+    function queue$1 (worker, concurrency) {
+      return queue(function (items, cb) {
+        worker(items[0], cb);
+      }, concurrency, 1);
+    }
 
-          if (opts) retry(opts, taskFn, callback);else retry(taskFn, callback);
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Run the functions in the `tasks` collection in series, each one running once
-   * the previous function has completed. If any functions in the series pass an
-   * error to its callback, no more functions are run, and `callback` is
-   * immediately called with the value of the error. Otherwise, `callback`
-   * receives an array of results when `tasks` have completed.
-   *
-   * It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will
-   * be run as a function, and the results will be passed to the final `callback`
-   * as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling
-   *  results from {@link async.series}.
-   *
-   * **Note** that while many implementations preserve the order of object
-   * properties, the [ECMAScript Language Specification](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-8.6)
-   * explicitly states that
-   *
-   * > The mechanics and order of enumerating the properties is not specified.
-   *
-   * So if you rely on the order in which your series of functions are executed,
-   * and want this to work on all platforms, consider using an array.
-   *
-   * @name series
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} tasks - A collection containing functions to run, each
-   * function is passed a `callback(err, result)` it must call on completion with
-   * an error `err` (which can be `null`) and an optional `result` value.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
-   * functions have completed. This function gets a results array (or object)
-   * containing all the result arguments passed to the `task` callbacks. Invoked
-   * with (err, result).
-   * @example
-   * async.series([
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         // do some stuff ...
-   *         callback(null, 'one');
-   *     },
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         // do some more stuff ...
-   *         callback(null, 'two');
-   *     }
-   * ],
-   * // optional callback
-   * function(err, results) {
-   *     // results is now equal to ['one', 'two']
-   * });
-   *
-   * async.series({
-   *     one: function(callback) {
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 1);
-   *         }, 200);
-   *     },
-   *     two: function(callback){
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, 2);
-   *         }, 100);
-   *     }
-   * }, function(err, results) {
-   *     // results is now equal to: {one: 1, two: 2}
-   * });
-   */
-  function series(tasks, callback) {
-    _parallel(eachOfSeries, tasks, callback);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`some`]{@link module:Collections.some} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
-   *
-   * @name someLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.some]{@link module:Collections.some}
-   * @alias anyLimit
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the array
-   * in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must
-   * be called with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with
-   * (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
-   * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the iteratee functions have finished.
-   * Result will be either `true` or `false` depending on the values of the async
-   * tests. Invoked with (err, result).
-   */
-  var someLimit = _createTester(eachOfLimit, Boolean, identity);
-
-  /**
-   * Returns `true` if at least one element in the `coll` satisfies an async test.
-   * If any iteratee call returns `true`, the main `callback` is immediately
-   * called.
-   *
-   * @name some
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @alias any
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the array
-   * in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must
-   * be called with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with
-   * (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
-   * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the iteratee functions have finished.
-   * Result will be either `true` or `false` depending on the values of the async
-   * tests. Invoked with (err, result).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.some(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
-   *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
-   *         callback(null, !err)
-   *     });
-   * }, function(err, result) {
-   *     // if result is true then at least one of the files exists
-   * });
-   */
-  var some = doLimit(someLimit, Infinity);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [`some`]{@link module:Collections.some} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name someSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.some]{@link module:Collections.some}
-   * @alias anySeries
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the array
-   * in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must
-   * be called with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with
-   * (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
-   * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the iteratee functions have finished.
-   * Result will be either `true` or `false` depending on the values of the async
-   * tests. Invoked with (err, result).
-   */
-  var someSeries = doLimit(someLimit, 1);
-
-  /**
-   * Sorts a list by the results of running each `coll` value through an async
-   * `iteratee`.
-   *
-   * @name sortBy
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
-   * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, sortValue)` which must be called once
-   * it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a value to use as
-   * the sort criteria. Invoked with (item, callback).
-   * @param {Function} callback - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is the items
-   * from the original `coll` sorted by the values returned by the `iteratee`
-   * calls. Invoked with (err, results).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.sortBy(['file1','file2','file3'], function(file, callback) {
-   *     fs.stat(file, function(err, stats) {
-   *         callback(err, stats.mtime);
-   *     });
-   * }, function(err, results) {
-   *     // results is now the original array of files sorted by
-   *     // modified date
-   * });
-   *
-   * // By modifying the callback parameter the
-   * // sorting order can be influenced:
-   *
-   * // ascending order
-   * async.sortBy([1,9,3,5], function(x, callback) {
-   *     callback(null, x);
-   * }, function(err,result) {
-   *     // result callback
-   * });
-   *
-   * // descending order
-   * async.sortBy([1,9,3,5], function(x, callback) {
-   *     callback(null, x*-1);    //<- x*-1 instead of x, turns the order around
-   * }, function(err,result) {
-   *     // result callback
-   * });
-   */
-  function sortBy(coll, iteratee, callback) {
-      map(coll, function (x, callback) {
-          iteratee(x, function (err, criteria) {
-              if (err) return callback(err);
-              callback(null, { value: x, criteria: criteria });
-          });
-      }, function (err, results) {
-          if (err) return callback(err);
-          callback(null, arrayMap(results.sort(comparator), baseProperty('value')));
-      });
-
-      function comparator(left, right) {
-          var a = left.criteria,
-              b = right.criteria;
-          return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
-      }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Sets a time limit on an asynchronous function. If the function does not call
-   * its callback within the specified milliseconds, it will be called with a
-   * timeout error. The code property for the error object will be `'ETIMEDOUT'`.
-   *
-   * @name timeout
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} asyncFn - The asynchronous function you want to set the
-   * time limit.
-   * @param {number} milliseconds - The specified time limit.
-   * @param {*} [info] - Any variable you want attached (`string`, `object`, etc)
-   * to timeout Error for more information..
-   * @returns {Function} Returns a wrapped function that can be used with any of
-   * the control flow functions.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.timeout(function(callback) {
-   *     doAsyncTask(callback);
-   * }, 1000);
-   */
-  function timeout(asyncFn, milliseconds, info) {
-      var originalCallback, timer;
-      var timedOut = false;
-
-      function injectedCallback() {
-          if (!timedOut) {
-              originalCallback.apply(null, arguments);
-              clearTimeout(timer);
-          }
-      }
+    /**
+     * The same as [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue} only tasks are assigned a priority and
+     * completed in ascending priority order.
+     *
+     * @name priorityQueue
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} worker - An asynchronous function for processing a queued
+     * task, which must call its `callback(err)` argument when finished, with an
+     * optional `error` as an argument.  If you want to handle errors from an
+     * individual task, pass a callback to `q.push()`. Invoked with
+     * (task, callback).
+     * @param {number} concurrency - An `integer` for determining how many `worker`
+     * functions should be run in parallel.  If omitted, the concurrency defaults to
+     * `1`.  If the concurrency is `0`, an error is thrown.
+     * @returns {module:ControlFlow.QueueObject} A priorityQueue object to manage the tasks. There are two
+     * differences between `queue` and `priorityQueue` objects:
+     * * `push(task, priority, [callback])` - `priority` should be a number. If an
+     *   array of `tasks` is given, all tasks will be assigned the same priority.
+     * * The `unshift` method was removed.
+     */
+    function priorityQueue (worker, concurrency) {
+        // Start with a normal queue
+        var q = queue$1(worker, concurrency);
+
+        // Override push to accept second parameter representing priority
+        q.push = function (data, priority, callback) {
+            if (callback == null) callback = noop;
+            if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+                throw new Error('task callback must be a function');
+            }
+            q.started = true;
+            if (!isArray(data)) {
+                data = [data];
+            }
+            if (data.length === 0) {
+                // call drain immediately if there are no tasks
+                return setImmediate$1(function () {
+                    q.drain();
+                });
+            }
+
+            priority = priority || 0;
+            var nextNode = q._tasks.head;
+            while (nextNode && priority >= nextNode.priority) {
+                nextNode = nextNode.next;
+            }
+
+            arrayEach(data, function (task) {
+                var item = {
+                    data: task,
+                    priority: priority,
+                    callback: callback
+                };
+
+                if (nextNode) {
+                    q._tasks.insertBefore(nextNode, item);
+                } else {
+                    q._tasks.push(item);
+                }
+            });
+            setImmediate$1(q.process);
+        };
+
+        // Remove unshift function
+        delete q.unshift;
+
+        return q;
+    }
 
-      function timeoutCallback() {
-          var name = asyncFn.name || 'anonymous';
-          var error = new Error('Callback function "' + name + '" timed out.');
-          error.code = 'ETIMEDOUT';
-          if (info) {
-              error.info = info;
-          }
-          timedOut = true;
-          originalCallback(error);
-      }
+    /**
+     * Runs the `tasks` array of functions in parallel, without waiting until the
+     * previous function has completed. Once any the `tasks` completed or pass an
+     * error to its callback, the main `callback` is immediately called. It's
+     * equivalent to `Promise.race()`.
+     *
+     * @name race
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Array} tasks - An array containing functions to run. Each function
+     * is passed a `callback(err, result)` which it must call on completion with an
+     * error `err` (which can be `null`) and an optional `result` value.
+     * @param {Function} callback - A callback to run once any of the functions have
+     * completed. This function gets an error or result from the first function that
+     * completed. Invoked with (err, result).
+     * @returns undefined
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.race([
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 'one');
+     *         }, 200);
+     *     },
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 'two');
+     *         }, 100);
+     *     }
+     * ],
+     * // main callback
+     * function(err, result) {
+     *     // the result will be equal to 'two' as it finishes earlier
+     * });
+     */
+    function race(tasks, callback) {
+        callback = once(callback || noop);
+        if (!isArray(tasks)) return callback(new TypeError('First argument to race must be an array of functions'));
+        if (!tasks.length) return callback();
+        arrayEach(tasks, function (task) {
+            task(callback);
+        });
+    }
 
-      return initialParams(function (args, origCallback) {
-          originalCallback = origCallback;
-          // setup timer and call original function
-          timer = setTimeout(timeoutCallback, milliseconds);
-          asyncFn.apply(null, args.concat(injectedCallback));
-      });
-  }
-
-  /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
-  var nativeCeil = Math.ceil;
-  var nativeMax$1 = Math.max;
-  /**
-   * The base implementation of `_.range` and `_.rangeRight` which doesn't
-   * coerce arguments to numbers.
-   *
-   * @private
-   * @param {number} start The start of the range.
-   * @param {number} end The end of the range.
-   * @param {number} step The value to increment or decrement by.
-   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
-   * @returns {Array} Returns the range of numbers.
-   */
-  function baseRange(start, end, step, fromRight) {
-    var index = -1,
-        length = nativeMax$1(nativeCeil((end - start) / (step || 1)), 0),
-        result = Array(length);
-
-    while (length--) {
-      result[fromRight ? length : ++index] = start;
-      start += step;
+    var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
+
+    /**
+     * Same as [`reduce`]{@link module:Collections.reduce}, only operates on `array` in reverse order.
+     *
+     * @name reduceRight
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.reduce]{@link module:Collections.reduce}
+     * @alias foldr
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array} array - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {*} memo - The initial state of the reduction.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function applied to each item in the
+     * array to produce the next step in the reduction. The `iteratee` is passed a
+     * `callback(err, reduction)` which accepts an optional error as its first
+     * argument, and the state of the reduction as the second. If an error is
+     * passed to the callback, the reduction is stopped and the main `callback` is
+     * immediately called with the error. Invoked with (memo, item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result is the reduced value. Invoked with
+     * (err, result).
+     */
+    function reduceRight(array, memo, iteratee, callback) {
+      var reversed = slice.call(array).reverse();
+      reduce(reversed, memo, iteratee, callback);
     }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
-   * time.
-   *
-   * @name timesLimit
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {number} count - The number of times to run the function.
-   * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - The function to call `n` times. Invoked with the
-   * iteration index and a callback (n, next).
-   * @param {Function} callback - see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}.
-   */
-  function timeLimit(count, limit, iteratee, callback) {
-    mapLimit(baseRange(0, count, 1), limit, iteratee, callback);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Calls the `iteratee` function `n` times, and accumulates results in the same
-   * manner you would use with [map]{@link module:Collections.map}.
-   *
-   * @name times
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {number} n - The number of times to run the function.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - The function to call `n` times. Invoked with the
-   * iteration index and a callback (n, next).
-   * @param {Function} callback - see {@link module:Collections.map}.
-   * @example
-   *
-   * // Pretend this is some complicated async factory
-   * var createUser = function(id, callback) {
-   *     callback(null, {
-   *         id: 'user' + id
-   *     });
-   * };
-   *
-   * // generate 5 users
-   * async.times(5, function(n, next) {
-   *     createUser(n, function(err, user) {
-   *         next(err, user);
-   *     });
-   * }, function(err, users) {
-   *     // we should now have 5 users
-   * });
-   */
-  var times = doLimit(timeLimit, Infinity);
-
-  /**
-   * The same as [times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
-   *
-   * @name timesSeries
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {number} n - The number of times to run the function.
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - The function to call `n` times. Invoked with the
-   * iteration index and a callback (n, next).
-   * @param {Function} callback - see {@link module:Collections.map}.
-   */
-  var timesSeries = doLimit(timeLimit, 1);
-
-  /**
-   * A relative of `reduce`.  Takes an Object or Array, and iterates over each
-   * element in series, each step potentially mutating an `accumulator` value.
-   * The type of the accumulator defaults to the type of collection passed in.
-   *
-   * @name transform
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Collections
-   * @method
-   * @category Collection
-   * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
-   * @param {*} [accumulator] - The initial state of the transform.  If omitted,
-   * it will default to an empty Object or Array, depending on the type of `coll`
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function applied to each item in the
-   * collection that potentially modifies the accumulator. The `iteratee` is
-   * passed a `callback(err)` which accepts an optional error as its first
-   * argument. If an error is passed to the callback, the transform is stopped
-   * and the main `callback` is immediately called with the error.
-   * Invoked with (accumulator, item, key, callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
-   * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result is the transformed accumulator.
-   * Invoked with (err, result).
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.transform([1,2,3], function(acc, item, index, callback) {
-   *     // pointless async:
-   *     process.nextTick(function() {
-   *         acc.push(item * 2)
-   *         callback(null)
-   *     });
-   * }, function(err, result) {
-   *     // result is now equal to [2, 4, 6]
-   * });
-   *
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.transform({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}, function (obj, val, key, callback) {
-   *     setImmediate(function () {
-   *         obj[key] = val * 2;
-   *         callback();
-   *     })
-   * }, function (err, result) {
-   *     // result is equal to {a: 2, b: 4, c: 6}
-   * })
-   */
-  function transform(coll, accumulator, iteratee, callback) {
-      if (arguments.length === 3) {
-          callback = iteratee;
-          iteratee = accumulator;
-          accumulator = isArray(coll) ? [] : {};
-      }
-      callback = once(callback || noop);
-
-      eachOf(coll, function (v, k, cb) {
-          iteratee(accumulator, v, k, cb);
-      }, function (err) {
-          callback(err, accumulator);
-      });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Undoes a [memoize]{@link module:Utils.memoize}d function, reverting it to the original,
-   * unmemoized form. Handy for testing.
-   *
-   * @name unmemoize
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:Utils
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.memoize]{@link module:Utils.memoize}
-   * @category Util
-   * @param {Function} fn - the memoized function
-   * @returns {Function} a function that calls the original unmemoized function
-   */
-  function unmemoize(fn) {
-      return function () {
-          return (fn.unmemoized || fn).apply(null, arguments);
+
+    /**
+     * Wraps the function in another function that always returns data even when it
+     * errors.
+     *
+     * The object returned has either the property `error` or `value`.
+     *
+     * @name reflect
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} fn - The function you want to wrap
+     * @returns {Function} - A function that always passes null to it's callback as
+     * the error. The second argument to the callback will be an `object` with
+     * either an `error` or a `value` property.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.parallel([
+     *     async.reflect(function(callback) {
+     *         // do some stuff ...
+     *         callback(null, 'one');
+     *     }),
+     *     async.reflect(function(callback) {
+     *         // do some more stuff but error ...
+     *         callback('bad stuff happened');
+     *     }),
+     *     async.reflect(function(callback) {
+     *         // do some more stuff ...
+     *         callback(null, 'two');
+     *     })
+     * ],
+     * // optional callback
+     * function(err, results) {
+     *     // values
+     *     // results[0].value = 'one'
+     *     // results[1].error = 'bad stuff happened'
+     *     // results[2].value = 'two'
+     * });
+     */
+    function reflect(fn) {
+        return initialParams(function reflectOn(args, reflectCallback) {
+            args.push(rest(function callback(err, cbArgs) {
+                if (err) {
+                    reflectCallback(null, {
+                        error: err
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    var value = null;
+                    if (cbArgs.length === 1) {
+                        value = cbArgs[0];
+                    } else if (cbArgs.length > 1) {
+                        value = cbArgs;
+                    }
+                    reflectCallback(null, {
+                        value: value
+                    });
+                }
+            }));
+
+            return fn.apply(this, args);
+        });
+    }
+
+    function reject$1(eachfn, arr, iteratee, callback) {
+        _filter(eachfn, arr, function (value, cb) {
+            iteratee(value, function (err, v) {
+                if (err) {
+                    cb(err);
+                } else {
+                    cb(null, !v);
+                }
+            });
+        }, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The opposite of [`filter`]{@link module:Collections.filter}. Removes values that pass an `async` truth test.
+     *
+     * @name reject
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.filter]{@link module:Collections.filter}
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
+     * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.reject(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
+     *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
+     *         callback(null, !err)
+     *     });
+     * }, function(err, results) {
+     *     // results now equals an array of missing files
+     *     createFiles(results);
+     * });
+     */
+    var reject = doParallel(reject$1);
+
+    /**
+     * A helper function that wraps an array or an object of functions with reflect.
+     *
+     * @name reflectAll
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.reflect]{@link module:Utils.reflect}
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Array} tasks - The array of functions to wrap in `async.reflect`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of functions, each function wrapped in
+     * `async.reflect`
+     * @example
+     *
+     * let tasks = [
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 'one');
+     *         }, 200);
+     *     },
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         // do some more stuff but error ...
+     *         callback(new Error('bad stuff happened'));
+     *     },
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 'two');
+     *         }, 100);
+     *     }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
+     * // optional callback
+     * function(err, results) {
+     *     // values
+     *     // results[0].value = 'one'
+     *     // results[1].error = Error('bad stuff happened')
+     *     // results[2].value = 'two'
+     * });
+     *
+     * // an example using an object instead of an array
+     * let tasks = {
+     *     one: function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 'one');
+     *         }, 200);
+     *     },
+     *     two: function(callback) {
+     *         callback('two');
+     *     },
+     *     three: function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 'three');
+     *         }, 100);
+     *     }
+     * };
+     *
+     * async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
+     * // optional callback
+     * function(err, results) {
+     *     // values
+     *     // results.one.value = 'one'
+     *     // results.two.error = 'two'
+     *     // results.three.value = 'three'
+     * });
+     */
+    function reflectAll(tasks) {
+        var results;
+        if (isArray(tasks)) {
+            results = arrayMap(tasks, reflect);
+        } else {
+            results = {};
+            baseForOwn(tasks, function (task, key) {
+                results[key] = reflect.call(this, task);
+            });
+        }
+        return results;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`reject`]{@link module:Collections.reject} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
+     * time.
+     *
+     * @name rejectLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.reject]{@link module:Collections.reject}
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
+     * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
+     */
+    var rejectLimit = doParallelLimit(reject$1);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`reject`]{@link module:Collections.reject} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name rejectSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.reject]{@link module:Collections.reject}
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
+     * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
+     */
+    var rejectSeries = doLimit(rejectLimit, 1);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that returns `value`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.4.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new constant function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = _.times(2, _.constant({ 'a': 1 }));
+     *
+     * console.log(objects);
+     * // => [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'a': 1 }]
+     *
+     * console.log(objects[0] === objects[1]);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function constant$1(value) {
+      return function() {
+        return value;
       };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Repeatedly call `fn`, while `test` returns `true`. Calls `callback` when
-   * stopped, or an error occurs.
-   *
-   * @name whilst
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} test - synchronous truth test to perform before each
-   * execution of `fn`. Invoked with ().
-   * @param {Function} iteratee - A function which is called each time `test` passes.
-   * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
-   * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
-   * function has failed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
-   * will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final `fn`'s
-   * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
-   * @returns undefined
-   * @example
-   *
-   * var count = 0;
-   * async.whilst(
-   *     function() { return count < 5; },
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         count++;
-   *         setTimeout(function() {
-   *             callback(null, count);
-   *         }, 1000);
-   *     },
-   *     function (err, n) {
-   *         // 5 seconds have passed, n = 5
-   *     }
-   * );
-   */
-  function whilst(test, iteratee, callback) {
-      callback = onlyOnce(callback || noop);
-      if (!test()) return callback(null);
-      var next = rest(function (err, args) {
-          if (err) return callback(err);
-          if (test()) return iteratee(next);
-          callback.apply(null, [null].concat(args));
-      });
-      iteratee(next);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Repeatedly call `fn` until `test` returns `true`. Calls `callback` when
-   * stopped, or an error occurs. `callback` will be passed an error and any
-   * arguments passed to the final `fn`'s callback.
-   *
-   * The inverse of [whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}.
-   *
-   * @name until
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @see [async.whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Function} test - synchronous truth test to perform before each
-   * execution of `fn`. Invoked with ().
-   * @param {Function} fn - A function which is called each time `test` fails.
-   * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
-   * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
-   * function has passed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
-   * will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final `fn`'s
-   * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
-   */
-  function until(test, fn, callback) {
-      whilst(function () {
-          return !test.apply(this, arguments);
-      }, fn, callback);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Runs the `tasks` array of functions in series, each passing their results to
-   * the next in the array. However, if any of the `tasks` pass an error to their
-   * own callback, the next function is not executed, and the main `callback` is
-   * immediately called with the error.
-   *
-   * @name waterfall
-   * @static
-   * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
-   * @method
-   * @category Control Flow
-   * @param {Array} tasks - An array of functions to run, each function is passed
-   * a `callback(err, result1, result2, ...)` it must call on completion. The
-   * first argument is an error (which can be `null`) and any further arguments
-   * will be passed as arguments in order to the next task.
-   * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
-   * functions have completed. This will be passed the results of the last task's
-   * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]).
-   * @returns undefined
-   * @example
-   *
-   * async.waterfall([
-   *     function(callback) {
-   *         callback(null, 'one', 'two');
-   *     },
-   *     function(arg1, arg2, callback) {
-   *         // arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
-   *         callback(null, 'three');
-   *     },
-   *     function(arg1, callback) {
-   *         // arg1 now equals 'three'
-   *         callback(null, 'done');
-   *     }
-   * ], function (err, result) {
-   *     // result now equals 'done'
-   * });
-   *
-   * // Or, with named functions:
-   * async.waterfall([
-   *     myFirstFunction,
-   *     mySecondFunction,
-   *     myLastFunction,
-   * ], function (err, result) {
-   *     // result now equals 'done'
-   * });
-   * function myFirstFunction(callback) {
-   *     callback(null, 'one', 'two');
-   * }
-   * function mySecondFunction(arg1, arg2, callback) {
-   *     // arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
-   *     callback(null, 'three');
-   * }
-   * function myLastFunction(arg1, callback) {
-   *     // arg1 now equals 'three'
-   *     callback(null, 'done');
-   * }
-   */
-  function waterfall (tasks, callback) {
-      callback = once(callback || noop);
-      if (!isArray(tasks)) return callback(new Error('First argument to waterfall must be an array of functions'));
-      if (!tasks.length) return callback();
-      var taskIndex = 0;
-
-      function nextTask(args) {
-          if (taskIndex === tasks.length) {
-              return callback.apply(null, [null].concat(args));
-          }
+    }
 
-          var taskCallback = onlyOnce(rest(function (err, args) {
-              if (err) {
-                  return callback.apply(null, [err].concat(args));
-              }
-              nextTask(args);
-          }));
+    /**
+     * Attempts to get a successful response from `task` no more than `times` times
+     * before returning an error. If the task is successful, the `callback` will be
+     * passed the result of the successful task. If all attempts fail, the callback
+     * will be passed the error and result (if any) of the final attempt.
+     *
+     * @name retry
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Object|number} [opts = {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5] - Can be either an
+     * object with `times` and `interval` or a number.
+     * * `times` - The number of attempts to make before giving up.  The default
+     *   is `5`.
+     * * `interval` - The time to wait between retries, in milliseconds.  The
+     *   default is `0`. The interval may also be specified as a function of the
+     *   retry count (see example).
+     * * If `opts` is a number, the number specifies the number of times to retry,
+     *   with the default interval of `0`.
+     * @param {Function} task - A function which receives two arguments: (1) a
+     * `callback(err, result)` which must be called when finished, passing `err`
+     * (which can be `null`) and the `result` of the function's execution, and (2)
+     * a `results` object, containing the results of the previously executed
+     * functions (if nested inside another control flow). Invoked with
+     * (callback, results).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when the
+     * task has succeeded, or after the final failed attempt. It receives the `err`
+     * and `result` arguments of the last attempt at completing the `task`. Invoked
+     * with (err, results).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // The `retry` function can be used as a stand-alone control flow by passing
+     * // a callback, as shown below:
+     *
+     * // try calling apiMethod 3 times
+     * async.retry(3, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
+     *     // do something with the result
+     * });
+     *
+     * // try calling apiMethod 3 times, waiting 200 ms between each retry
+     * async.retry({times: 3, interval: 200}, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
+     *     // do something with the result
+     * });
+     *
+     * // try calling apiMethod 10 times with exponential backoff
+     * // (i.e. intervals of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, ... milliseconds)
+     * async.retry({
+     *   times: 10,
+     *   interval: function(retryCount) {
+     *     return 50 * Math.pow(2, retryCount);
+     *   }
+     * }, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
+     *     // do something with the result
+     * });
+     *
+     * // try calling apiMethod the default 5 times no delay between each retry
+     * async.retry(apiMethod, function(err, result) {
+     *     // do something with the result
+     * });
+     *
+     * // It can also be embedded within other control flow functions to retry
+     * // individual methods that are not as reliable, like this:
+     * async.auto({
+     *     users: api.getUsers.bind(api),
+     *     payments: async.retry(3, api.getPayments.bind(api))
+     * }, function(err, results) {
+     *     // do something with the results
+     * });
+     */
+    function retry(opts, task, callback) {
+        var DEFAULT_TIMES = 5;
+        var DEFAULT_INTERVAL = 0;
+
+        var options = {
+            times: DEFAULT_TIMES,
+            intervalFunc: constant$1(DEFAULT_INTERVAL)
+        };
+
+        function parseTimes(acc, t) {
+            if (typeof t === 'object') {
+                acc.times = +t.times || DEFAULT_TIMES;
+
+                acc.intervalFunc = typeof t.interval === 'function' ? t.interval : constant$1(+t.interval || DEFAULT_INTERVAL);
+            } else if (typeof t === 'number' || typeof t === 'string') {
+                acc.times = +t || DEFAULT_TIMES;
+            } else {
+                throw new Error("Invalid arguments for async.retry");
+            }
+        }
 
-          args.push(taskCallback);
+        if (arguments.length < 3 && typeof opts === 'function') {
+            callback = task || noop;
+            task = opts;
+        } else {
+            parseTimes(options, opts);
+            callback = callback || noop;
+        }
+
+        if (typeof task !== 'function') {
+            throw new Error("Invalid arguments for async.retry");
+        }
+
+        var attempt = 1;
+        function retryAttempt() {
+            task(function (err) {
+                if (err && attempt++ < options.times) {
+                    setTimeout(retryAttempt, options.intervalFunc(attempt));
+                } else {
+                    callback.apply(null, arguments);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        retryAttempt();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A close relative of [`retry`]{@link module:ControlFlow.retry}.  This method wraps a task and makes it
+     * retryable, rather than immediately calling it with retries.
+     *
+     * @name retryable
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.retry]{@link module:ControlFlow.retry}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Object|number} [opts = {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5] - optional
+     * options, exactly the same as from `retry`
+     * @param {Function} task - the asynchronous function to wrap
+     * @returns {Functions} The wrapped function, which when invoked, will retry on
+     * an error, based on the parameters specified in `opts`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.auto({
+     *     dep1: async.retryable(3, getFromFlakyService),
+     *     process: ["dep1", async.retryable(3, function (results, cb) {
+     *         maybeProcessData(results.dep1, cb);
+     *     })]
+     * }, callback);
+     */
+    function retryable (opts, task) {
+        if (!task) {
+            task = opts;
+            opts = null;
+        }
+        return initialParams(function (args, callback) {
+            function taskFn(cb) {
+                task.apply(null, args.concat([cb]));
+            }
+
+            if (opts) retry(opts, taskFn, callback);else retry(taskFn, callback);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run the functions in the `tasks` collection in series, each one running once
+     * the previous function has completed. If any functions in the series pass an
+     * error to its callback, no more functions are run, and `callback` is
+     * immediately called with the value of the error. Otherwise, `callback`
+     * receives an array of results when `tasks` have completed.
+     *
+     * It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will
+     * be run as a function, and the results will be passed to the final `callback`
+     * as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling
+     *  results from {@link async.series}.
+     *
+     * **Note** that while many implementations preserve the order of object
+     * properties, the [ECMAScript Language Specification](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-8.6)
+     * explicitly states that
+     *
+     * > The mechanics and order of enumerating the properties is not specified.
+     *
+     * So if you rely on the order in which your series of functions are executed,
+     * and want this to work on all platforms, consider using an array.
+     *
+     * @name series
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} tasks - A collection containing functions to run, each
+     * function is passed a `callback(err, result)` it must call on completion with
+     * an error `err` (which can be `null`) and an optional `result` value.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
+     * functions have completed. This function gets a results array (or object)
+     * containing all the result arguments passed to the `task` callbacks. Invoked
+     * with (err, result).
+     * @example
+     * async.series([
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         // do some stuff ...
+     *         callback(null, 'one');
+     *     },
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         // do some more stuff ...
+     *         callback(null, 'two');
+     *     }
+     * ],
+     * // optional callback
+     * function(err, results) {
+     *     // results is now equal to ['one', 'two']
+     * });
+     *
+     * async.series({
+     *     one: function(callback) {
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 1);
+     *         }, 200);
+     *     },
+     *     two: function(callback){
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, 2);
+     *         }, 100);
+     *     }
+     * }, function(err, results) {
+     *     // results is now equal to: {one: 1, two: 2}
+     * });
+     */
+    function series(tasks, callback) {
+      _parallel(eachOfSeries, tasks, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns `true` if at least one element in the `coll` satisfies an async test.
+     * If any iteratee call returns `true`, the main `callback` is immediately
+     * called.
+     *
+     * @name some
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @alias any
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the array
+     * in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must
+     * be called with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with
+     * (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
+     * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the iteratee functions have finished.
+     * Result will be either `true` or `false` depending on the values of the async
+     * tests. Invoked with (err, result).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.some(['file1','file2','file3'], function(filePath, callback) {
+     *     fs.access(filePath, function(err) {
+     *         callback(null, !err)
+     *     });
+     * }, function(err, result) {
+     *     // if result is true then at least one of the files exists
+     * });
+     */
+    var some = _createTester(eachOf, Boolean, identity);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`some`]{@link module:Collections.some} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
+     *
+     * @name someLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.some]{@link module:Collections.some}
+     * @alias anyLimit
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the array
+     * in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must
+     * be called with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with
+     * (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
+     * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the iteratee functions have finished.
+     * Result will be either `true` or `false` depending on the values of the async
+     * tests. Invoked with (err, result).
+     */
+    var someLimit = _createTester(eachOfLimit, Boolean, identity);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [`some`]{@link module:Collections.some} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name someSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.some]{@link module:Collections.some}
+     * @alias anySeries
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in the array
+     * in parallel. The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)` which must
+     * be called with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with
+     * (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
+     * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the iteratee functions have finished.
+     * Result will be either `true` or `false` depending on the values of the async
+     * tests. Invoked with (err, result).
+     */
+    var someSeries = doLimit(someLimit, 1);
+
+    /**
+     * Sorts a list by the results of running each `coll` value through an async
+     * `iteratee`.
+     *
+     * @name sortBy
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
+     * The iteratee is passed a `callback(err, sortValue)` which must be called once
+     * it has completed with an error (which can be `null`) and a value to use as
+     * the sort criteria. Invoked with (item, callback).
+     * @param {Function} callback - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is the items
+     * from the original `coll` sorted by the values returned by the `iteratee`
+     * calls. Invoked with (err, results).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.sortBy(['file1','file2','file3'], function(file, callback) {
+     *     fs.stat(file, function(err, stats) {
+     *         callback(err, stats.mtime);
+     *     });
+     * }, function(err, results) {
+     *     // results is now the original array of files sorted by
+     *     // modified date
+     * });
+     *
+     * // By modifying the callback parameter the
+     * // sorting order can be influenced:
+     *
+     * // ascending order
+     * async.sortBy([1,9,3,5], function(x, callback) {
+     *     callback(null, x);
+     * }, function(err,result) {
+     *     // result callback
+     * });
+     *
+     * // descending order
+     * async.sortBy([1,9,3,5], function(x, callback) {
+     *     callback(null, x*-1);    //<- x*-1 instead of x, turns the order around
+     * }, function(err,result) {
+     *     // result callback
+     * });
+     */
+    function sortBy(coll, iteratee, callback) {
+        map(coll, function (x, callback) {
+            iteratee(x, function (err, criteria) {
+                if (err) return callback(err);
+                callback(null, { value: x, criteria: criteria });
+            });
+        }, function (err, results) {
+            if (err) return callback(err);
+            callback(null, arrayMap(results.sort(comparator), baseProperty('value')));
+        });
+
+        function comparator(left, right) {
+            var a = left.criteria,
+                b = right.criteria;
+            return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a time limit on an asynchronous function. If the function does not call
+     * its callback within the specified milliseconds, it will be called with a
+     * timeout error. The code property for the error object will be `'ETIMEDOUT'`.
+     *
+     * @name timeout
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} asyncFn - The asynchronous function you want to set the
+     * time limit.
+     * @param {number} milliseconds - The specified time limit.
+     * @param {*} [info] - Any variable you want attached (`string`, `object`, etc)
+     * to timeout Error for more information..
+     * @returns {Function} Returns a wrapped function that can be used with any of
+     * the control flow functions.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.timeout(function(callback) {
+     *     doAsyncTask(callback);
+     * }, 1000);
+     */
+    function timeout(asyncFn, milliseconds, info) {
+        var originalCallback, timer;
+        var timedOut = false;
+
+        function injectedCallback() {
+            if (!timedOut) {
+                originalCallback.apply(null, arguments);
+                clearTimeout(timer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        function timeoutCallback() {
+            var name = asyncFn.name || 'anonymous';
+            var error = new Error('Callback function "' + name + '" timed out.');
+            error.code = 'ETIMEDOUT';
+            if (info) {
+                error.info = info;
+            }
+            timedOut = true;
+            originalCallback(error);
+        }
+
+        return initialParams(function (args, origCallback) {
+            originalCallback = origCallback;
+            // setup timer and call original function
+            timer = setTimeout(timeoutCallback, milliseconds);
+            asyncFn.apply(null, args.concat(injectedCallback));
+        });
+    }
 
-          var task = tasks[taskIndex++];
-          task.apply(null, args);
+    /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
+    var nativeCeil = Math.ceil;
+    var nativeMax$1 = Math.max;
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.range` and `_.rangeRight` which doesn't
+     * coerce arguments to numbers.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} start The start of the range.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
+     * @param {number} step The value to increment or decrement by.
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the range of numbers.
+     */
+    function baseRange(start, end, step, fromRight) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = nativeMax$1(nativeCeil((end - start) / (step || 1)), 0),
+          result = Array(length);
+
+      while (length--) {
+        result[fromRight ? length : ++index] = start;
+        start += step;
       }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
+     * time.
+     *
+     * @name timesLimit
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {number} count - The number of times to run the function.
+     * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - The function to call `n` times. Invoked with the
+     * iteration index and a callback (n, next).
+     * @param {Function} callback - see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}.
+     */
+    function timeLimit(count, limit, iteratee, callback) {
+      mapLimit(baseRange(0, count, 1), limit, iteratee, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calls the `iteratee` function `n` times, and accumulates results in the same
+     * manner you would use with [map]{@link module:Collections.map}.
+     *
+     * @name times
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {number} n - The number of times to run the function.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - The function to call `n` times. Invoked with the
+     * iteration index and a callback (n, next).
+     * @param {Function} callback - see {@link module:Collections.map}.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // Pretend this is some complicated async factory
+     * var createUser = function(id, callback) {
+     *     callback(null, {
+     *         id: 'user' + id
+     *     });
+     * };
+     *
+     * // generate 5 users
+     * async.times(5, function(n, next) {
+     *     createUser(n, function(err, user) {
+     *         next(err, user);
+     *     });
+     * }, function(err, users) {
+     *     // we should now have 5 users
+     * });
+     */
+    var times = doLimit(timeLimit, Infinity);
+
+    /**
+     * The same as [times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
+     *
+     * @name timesSeries
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {number} n - The number of times to run the function.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - The function to call `n` times. Invoked with the
+     * iteration index and a callback (n, next).
+     * @param {Function} callback - see {@link module:Collections.map}.
+     */
+    var timesSeries = doLimit(timeLimit, 1);
+
+    /**
+     * A relative of `reduce`.  Takes an Object or Array, and iterates over each
+     * element in series, each step potentially mutating an `accumulator` value.
+     * The type of the accumulator defaults to the type of collection passed in.
+     *
+     * @name transform
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Collections
+     * @method
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Iterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {*} [accumulator] - The initial state of the transform.  If omitted,
+     * it will default to an empty Object or Array, depending on the type of `coll`
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function applied to each item in the
+     * collection that potentially modifies the accumulator. The `iteratee` is
+     * passed a `callback(err)` which accepts an optional error as its first
+     * argument. If an error is passed to the callback, the transform is stopped
+     * and the main `callback` is immediately called with the error.
+     * Invoked with (accumulator, item, key, callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
+     * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result is the transformed accumulator.
+     * Invoked with (err, result).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.transform([1,2,3], function(acc, item, index, callback) {
+     *     // pointless async:
+     *     process.nextTick(function() {
+     *         acc.push(item * 2)
+     *         callback(null)
+     *     });
+     * }, function(err, result) {
+     *     // result is now equal to [2, 4, 6]
+     * });
+     *
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.transform({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}, function (obj, val, key, callback) {
+     *     setImmediate(function () {
+     *         obj[key] = val * 2;
+     *         callback();
+     *     })
+     * }, function (err, result) {
+     *     // result is equal to {a: 2, b: 4, c: 6}
+     * })
+     */
+    function transform(coll, accumulator, iteratee, callback) {
+        if (arguments.length === 3) {
+            callback = iteratee;
+            iteratee = accumulator;
+            accumulator = isArray(coll) ? [] : {};
+        }
+        callback = once(callback || noop);
+
+        eachOf(coll, function (v, k, cb) {
+            iteratee(accumulator, v, k, cb);
+        }, function (err) {
+            callback(err, accumulator);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Undoes a [memoize]{@link module:Utils.memoize}d function, reverting it to the original,
+     * unmemoized form. Handy for testing.
+     *
+     * @name unmemoize
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:Utils
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.memoize]{@link module:Utils.memoize}
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} fn - the memoized function
+     * @returns {Function} a function that calls the original unmemoized function
+     */
+    function unmemoize(fn) {
+        return function () {
+            return (fn.unmemoized || fn).apply(null, arguments);
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Repeatedly call `fn`, while `test` returns `true`. Calls `callback` when
+     * stopped, or an error occurs.
+     *
+     * @name whilst
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} test - synchronous truth test to perform before each
+     * execution of `fn`. Invoked with ().
+     * @param {Function} iteratee - A function which is called each time `test` passes.
+     * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
+     * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
+     * function has failed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
+     * will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final `fn`'s
+     * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
+     * @returns undefined
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var count = 0;
+     * async.whilst(
+     *     function() { return count < 5; },
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         count++;
+     *         setTimeout(function() {
+     *             callback(null, count);
+     *         }, 1000);
+     *     },
+     *     function (err, n) {
+     *         // 5 seconds have passed, n = 5
+     *     }
+     * );
+     */
+    function whilst(test, iteratee, callback) {
+        callback = onlyOnce(callback || noop);
+        if (!test()) return callback(null);
+        var next = rest(function (err, args) {
+            if (err) return callback(err);
+            if (test()) return iteratee(next);
+            callback.apply(null, [null].concat(args));
+        });
+        iteratee(next);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Repeatedly call `fn` until `test` returns `true`. Calls `callback` when
+     * stopped, or an error occurs. `callback` will be passed an error and any
+     * arguments passed to the final `fn`'s callback.
+     *
+     * The inverse of [whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}.
+     *
+     * @name until
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @see [async.whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Function} test - synchronous truth test to perform before each
+     * execution of `fn`. Invoked with ().
+     * @param {Function} fn - A function which is called each time `test` fails.
+     * The function is passed a `callback(err)`, which must be called once it has
+     * completed with an optional `err` argument. Invoked with (callback).
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
+     * function has passed and repeated execution of `fn` has stopped. `callback`
+     * will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final `fn`'s
+     * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
+     */
+    function until(test, fn, callback) {
+        whilst(function () {
+            return !test.apply(this, arguments);
+        }, fn, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs the `tasks` array of functions in series, each passing their results to
+     * the next in the array. However, if any of the `tasks` pass an error to their
+     * own callback, the next function is not executed, and the main `callback` is
+     * immediately called with the error.
+     *
+     * @name waterfall
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
+     * @method
+     * @category Control Flow
+     * @param {Array} tasks - An array of functions to run, each function is passed
+     * a `callback(err, result1, result2, ...)` it must call on completion. The
+     * first argument is an error (which can be `null`) and any further arguments
+     * will be passed as arguments in order to the next task.
+     * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
+     * functions have completed. This will be passed the results of the last task's
+     * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]).
+     * @returns undefined
+     * @example
+     *
+     * async.waterfall([
+     *     function(callback) {
+     *         callback(null, 'one', 'two');
+     *     },
+     *     function(arg1, arg2, callback) {
+     *         // arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
+     *         callback(null, 'three');
+     *     },
+     *     function(arg1, callback) {
+     *         // arg1 now equals 'three'
+     *         callback(null, 'done');
+     *     }
+     * ], function (err, result) {
+     *     // result now equals 'done'
+     * });
+     *
+     * // Or, with named functions:
+     * async.waterfall([
+     *     myFirstFunction,
+     *     mySecondFunction,
+     *     myLastFunction,
+     * ], function (err, result) {
+     *     // result now equals 'done'
+     * });
+     * function myFirstFunction(callback) {
+     *     callback(null, 'one', 'two');
+     * }
+     * function mySecondFunction(arg1, arg2, callback) {
+     *     // arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
+     *     callback(null, 'three');
+     * }
+     * function myLastFunction(arg1, callback) {
+     *     // arg1 now equals 'three'
+     *     callback(null, 'done');
+     * }
+     */
+    function waterfall (tasks, callback) {
+        callback = once(callback || noop);
+        if (!isArray(tasks)) return callback(new Error('First argument to waterfall must be an array of functions'));
+        if (!tasks.length) return callback();
+        var taskIndex = 0;
+
+        function nextTask(args) {
+            if (taskIndex === tasks.length) {
+                return callback.apply(null, [null].concat(args));
+            }
+
+            var taskCallback = onlyOnce(rest(function (err, args) {
+                if (err) {
+                    return callback.apply(null, [err].concat(args));
+                }
+                nextTask(args);
+            }));
+
+            args.push(taskCallback);
+
+            var task = tasks[taskIndex++];
+            task.apply(null, args);
+        }
+
+        nextTask([]);
+    }
+
+    var index = {
+      applyEach: applyEach,
+      applyEachSeries: applyEachSeries,
+      apply: apply$1,
+      asyncify: asyncify,
+      auto: auto,
+      autoInject: autoInject,
+      cargo: cargo,
+      compose: compose,
+      concat: concat,
+      concatSeries: concatSeries,
+      constant: constant,
+      detect: detect,
+      detectLimit: detectLimit,
+      detectSeries: detectSeries,
+      dir: dir,
+      doDuring: doDuring,
+      doUntil: doUntil,
+      doWhilst: doWhilst,
+      during: during,
+      each: eachLimit,
+      eachLimit: eachLimit$1,
+      eachOf: eachOf,
+      eachOfLimit: eachOfLimit,
+      eachOfSeries: eachOfSeries,
+      eachSeries: eachSeries,
+      ensureAsync: ensureAsync,
+      every: every,
+      everyLimit: everyLimit,
+      everySeries: everySeries,
+      filter: filter,
+      filterLimit: filterLimit,
+      filterSeries: filterSeries,
+      forever: forever,
+      log: log,
+      map: map,
+      mapLimit: mapLimit,
+      mapSeries: mapSeries,
+      mapValues: mapValues,
+      mapValuesLimit: mapValuesLimit,
+      mapValuesSeries: mapValuesSeries,
+      memoize: memoize,
+      nextTick: nextTick,
+      parallel: parallelLimit,
+      parallelLimit: parallelLimit$1,
+      priorityQueue: priorityQueue,
+      queue: queue$1,
+      race: race,
+      reduce: reduce,
+      reduceRight: reduceRight,
+      reflect: reflect,
+      reflectAll: reflectAll,
+      reject: reject,
+      rejectLimit: rejectLimit,
+      rejectSeries: rejectSeries,
+      retry: retry,
+      retryable: retryable,
+      seq: seq,
+      series: series,
+      setImmediate: setImmediate$1,
+      some: some,
+      someLimit: someLimit,
+      someSeries: someSeries,
+      sortBy: sortBy,
+      timeout: timeout,
+      times: times,
+      timesLimit: timeLimit,
+      timesSeries: timesSeries,
+      transform: transform,
+      unmemoize: unmemoize,
+      until: until,
+      waterfall: waterfall,
+      whilst: whilst,
+
+      // aliases
+      all: every,
+      any: some,
+      forEach: eachLimit,
+      forEachSeries: eachSeries,
+      forEachLimit: eachLimit$1,
+      forEachOf: eachOf,
+      forEachOfSeries: eachOfSeries,
+      forEachOfLimit: eachOfLimit,
+      inject: reduce,
+      foldl: reduce,
+      foldr: reduceRight,
+      select: filter,
+      selectLimit: filterLimit,
+      selectSeries: filterSeries,
+      wrapSync: asyncify
+    };
 
-      nextTask([]);
-  }
-
-  var index = {
-    applyEach: applyEach,
-    applyEachSeries: applyEachSeries,
-    apply: apply$1,
-    asyncify: asyncify,
-    auto: auto,
-    autoInject: autoInject,
-    cargo: cargo,
-    compose: compose,
-    concat: concat,
-    concatSeries: concatSeries,
-    constant: constant,
-    detect: detect,
-    detectLimit: detectLimit,
-    detectSeries: detectSeries,
-    dir: dir,
-    doDuring: doDuring,
-    doUntil: doUntil,
-    doWhilst: doWhilst,
-    during: during,
-    each: each,
-    eachLimit: eachLimit,
-    eachOf: eachOf,
-    eachOfLimit: eachOfLimit,
-    eachOfSeries: eachOfSeries,
-    eachSeries: eachSeries,
-    ensureAsync: ensureAsync,
-    every: every,
-    everyLimit: everyLimit,
-    everySeries: everySeries,
-    filter: filter,
-    filterLimit: filterLimit,
-    filterSeries: filterSeries,
-    forever: forever,
-    log: log,
-    map: map,
-    mapLimit: mapLimit,
-    mapSeries: mapSeries,
-    mapValues: mapValues,
-    mapValuesLimit: mapValuesLimit,
-    mapValuesSeries: mapValuesSeries,
-    memoize: memoize,
-    nextTick: nextTick,
-    parallel: parallel,
-    parallelLimit: parallelLimit,
-    priorityQueue: priorityQueue,
-    queue: queue$1,
-    race: race,
-    reduce: reduce,
-    reduceRight: reduceRight,
-    reflect: reflect,
-    reflectAll: reflectAll,
-    reject: reject,
-    rejectLimit: rejectLimit,
-    rejectSeries: rejectSeries,
-    retry: retry,
-    retryable: retryable,
-    seq: seq,
-    series: series,
-    setImmediate: setImmediate$1,
-    some: some,
-    someLimit: someLimit,
-    someSeries: someSeries,
-    sortBy: sortBy,
-    timeout: timeout,
-    times: times,
-    timesLimit: timeLimit,
-    timesSeries: timesSeries,
-    transform: transform,
-    unmemoize: unmemoize,
-    until: until,
-    waterfall: waterfall,
-    whilst: whilst,
-
-    // aliases
-    all: every,
-    any: some,
-    forEach: each,
-    forEachSeries: eachSeries,
-    forEachLimit: eachLimit,
-    forEachOf: eachOf,
-    forEachOfSeries: eachOfSeries,
-    forEachOfLimit: eachOfLimit,
-    inject: reduce,
-    foldl: reduce,
-    foldr: reduceRight,
-    select: filter,
-    selectLimit: filterLimit,
-    selectSeries: filterSeries,
-    wrapSync: asyncify
-  };
-
-  exports['default'] = index;
-  exports.applyEach = applyEach;
-  exports.applyEachSeries = applyEachSeries;
-  exports.apply = apply$1;
-  exports.asyncify = asyncify;
-  exports.auto = auto;
-  exports.autoInject = autoInject;
-  exports.cargo = cargo;
-  exports.compose = compose;
-  exports.concat = concat;
-  exports.concatSeries = concatSeries;
-  exports.constant = constant;
-  exports.detect = detect;
-  exports.detectLimit = detectLimit;
-  exports.detectSeries = detectSeries;
-  exports.dir = dir;
-  exports.doDuring = doDuring;
-  exports.doUntil = doUntil;
-  exports.doWhilst = doWhilst;
-  exports.during = during;
-  exports.each = each;
-  exports.eachLimit = eachLimit;
-  exports.eachOf = eachOf;
-  exports.eachOfLimit = eachOfLimit;
-  exports.eachOfSeries = eachOfSeries;
-  exports.eachSeries = eachSeries;
-  exports.ensureAsync = ensureAsync;
-  exports.every = every;
-  exports.everyLimit = everyLimit;
-  exports.everySeries = everySeries;
-  exports.filter = filter;
-  exports.filterLimit = filterLimit;
-  exports.filterSeries = filterSeries;
-  exports.forever = forever;
-  exports.log = log;
-  exports.map = map;
-  exports.mapLimit = mapLimit;
-  exports.mapSeries = mapSeries;
-  exports.mapValues = mapValues;
-  exports.mapValuesLimit = mapValuesLimit;
-  exports.mapValuesSeries = mapValuesSeries;
-  exports.memoize = memoize;
-  exports.nextTick = nextTick;
-  exports.parallel = parallel;
-  exports.parallelLimit = parallelLimit;
-  exports.priorityQueue = priorityQueue;
-  exports.queue = queue$1;
-  exports.race = race;
-  exports.reduce = reduce;
-  exports.reduceRight = reduceRight;
-  exports.reflect = reflect;
-  exports.reflectAll = reflectAll;
-  exports.reject = reject;
-  exports.rejectLimit = rejectLimit;
-  exports.rejectSeries = rejectSeries;
-  exports.retry = retry;
-  exports.retryable = retryable;
-  exports.seq = seq;
-  exports.series = series;
-  exports.setImmediate = setImmediate$1;
-  exports.some = some;
-  exports.someLimit = someLimit;
-  exports.someSeries = someSeries;
-  exports.sortBy = sortBy;
-  exports.timeout = timeout;
-  exports.times = times;
-  exports.timesLimit = timeLimit;
-  exports.timesSeries = timesSeries;
-  exports.transform = transform;
-  exports.unmemoize = unmemoize;
-  exports.until = until;
-  exports.waterfall = waterfall;
-  exports.whilst = whilst;
-  exports.all = every;
-  exports.allLimit = everyLimit;
-  exports.allSeries = everySeries;
-  exports.any = some;
-  exports.anyLimit = someLimit;
-  exports.anySeries = someSeries;
-  exports.find = detect;
-  exports.findLimit = detectLimit;
-  exports.findSeries = detectSeries;
-  exports.forEach = each;
-  exports.forEachSeries = eachSeries;
-  exports.forEachLimit = eachLimit;
-  exports.forEachOf = eachOf;
-  exports.forEachOfSeries = eachOfSeries;
-  exports.forEachOfLimit = eachOfLimit;
-  exports.inject = reduce;
-  exports.foldl = reduce;
-  exports.foldr = reduceRight;
-  exports.select = filter;
-  exports.selectLimit = filterLimit;
-  exports.selectSeries = filterSeries;
-  exports.wrapSync = asyncify;
+    exports['default'] = index;
+    exports.applyEach = applyEach;
+    exports.applyEachSeries = applyEachSeries;
+    exports.apply = apply$1;
+    exports.asyncify = asyncify;
+    exports.auto = auto;
+    exports.autoInject = autoInject;
+    exports.cargo = cargo;
+    exports.compose = compose;
+    exports.concat = concat;
+    exports.concatSeries = concatSeries;
+    exports.constant = constant;
+    exports.detect = detect;
+    exports.detectLimit = detectLimit;
+    exports.detectSeries = detectSeries;
+    exports.dir = dir;
+    exports.doDuring = doDuring;
+    exports.doUntil = doUntil;
+    exports.doWhilst = doWhilst;
+    exports.during = during;
+    exports.each = eachLimit;
+    exports.eachLimit = eachLimit$1;
+    exports.eachOf = eachOf;
+    exports.eachOfLimit = eachOfLimit;
+    exports.eachOfSeries = eachOfSeries;
+    exports.eachSeries = eachSeries;
+    exports.ensureAsync = ensureAsync;
+    exports.every = every;
+    exports.everyLimit = everyLimit;
+    exports.everySeries = everySeries;
+    exports.filter = filter;
+    exports.filterLimit = filterLimit;
+    exports.filterSeries = filterSeries;
+    exports.forever = forever;
+    exports.log = log;
+    exports.map = map;
+    exports.mapLimit = mapLimit;
+    exports.mapSeries = mapSeries;
+    exports.mapValues = mapValues;
+    exports.mapValuesLimit = mapValuesLimit;
+    exports.mapValuesSeries = mapValuesSeries;
+    exports.memoize = memoize;
+    exports.nextTick = nextTick;
+    exports.parallel = parallelLimit;
+    exports.parallelLimit = parallelLimit$1;
+    exports.priorityQueue = priorityQueue;
+    exports.queue = queue$1;
+    exports.race = race;
+    exports.reduce = reduce;
+    exports.reduceRight = reduceRight;
+    exports.reflect = reflect;
+    exports.reflectAll = reflectAll;
+    exports.reject = reject;
+    exports.rejectLimit = rejectLimit;
+    exports.rejectSeries = rejectSeries;
+    exports.retry = retry;
+    exports.retryable = retryable;
+    exports.seq = seq;
+    exports.series = series;
+    exports.setImmediate = setImmediate$1;
+    exports.some = some;
+    exports.someLimit = someLimit;
+    exports.someSeries = someSeries;
+    exports.sortBy = sortBy;
+    exports.timeout = timeout;
+    exports.times = times;
+    exports.timesLimit = timeLimit;
+    exports.timesSeries = timesSeries;
+    exports.transform = transform;
+    exports.unmemoize = unmemoize;
+    exports.until = until;
+    exports.waterfall = waterfall;
+    exports.whilst = whilst;
+    exports.all = every;
+    exports.allLimit = everyLimit;
+    exports.allSeries = everySeries;
+    exports.any = some;
+    exports.anyLimit = someLimit;
+    exports.anySeries = someSeries;
+    exports.find = detect;
+    exports.findLimit = detectLimit;
+    exports.findSeries = detectSeries;
+    exports.forEach = eachLimit;
+    exports.forEachSeries = eachSeries;
+    exports.forEachLimit = eachLimit$1;
+    exports.forEachOf = eachOf;
+    exports.forEachOfSeries = eachOfSeries;
+    exports.forEachOfLimit = eachOfLimit;
+    exports.inject = reduce;
+    exports.foldl = reduce;
+    exports.foldr = reduceRight;
+    exports.select = filter;
+    exports.selectLimit = filterLimit;
+    exports.selectSeries = filterSeries;
+    exports.wrapSync = asyncify;
 
 }));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dist/async.min.js b/dist/async.min.js
index de5316f..4d5d88a 100644
--- a/dist/async.min.js
+++ b/dist/async.min.js
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
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