# Copyright 2010 Jacob Kaplan-Moss # Copyright 2011 OpenStack Foundation # Copyright 2013 OpenStack Foundation # All Rights Reserved. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain # a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT # WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. """ Base utilities to build API operation managers and objects on top of. """ import abc import functools import six from six.moves import urllib from keystoneclient import auth from keystoneclient import exceptions from keystoneclient.i18n import _ from keystoneclient.openstack.common.apiclient import base def getid(obj): """Return id if argument is a Resource. Abstracts the common pattern of allowing both an object or an object's ID (UUID) as a parameter when dealing with relationships. """ try: if obj.uuid: return obj.uuid except AttributeError: pass try: return obj.id except AttributeError: return obj def filter_none(**kwargs): """Remove any entries from a dictionary where the value is None.""" return dict((k, v) for k, v in six.iteritems(kwargs) if v is not None) def filter_kwargs(f): @functools.wraps(f) def func(*args, **kwargs): new_kwargs = {} for key, ref in six.iteritems(kwargs): if ref is None: # drop null values continue id_value = getid(ref) if id_value != ref: # If an object with an id was passed, then use the id, e.g.: # user: user(id=1) becomes user_id: 1 key = '%s_id' % key new_kwargs[key] = id_value return f(*args, **new_kwargs) return func class Manager(object): """Basic manager type providing common operations. Managers interact with a particular type of API (servers, flavors, images, etc.) and provide CRUD operations for them. :param client: instance of BaseClient descendant for HTTP requests """ resource_class = None def __init__(self, client): super(Manager, self).__init__() self.client = client @property def api(self): """Deprecated. Use `client` instead. """ return self.client def _list(self, url, response_key, obj_class=None, body=None, **kwargs): """List the collection. :param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers' :param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary, e.g., 'servers' :param obj_class: class for constructing the returned objects (self.resource_class will be used by default) :param body: data that will be encoded as JSON and passed in POST request (GET will be sent by default) :param kwargs: Additional arguments will be passed to the request. """ if body: resp, body = self.client.post(url, body=body, **kwargs) else: resp, body = self.client.get(url, **kwargs) if obj_class is None: obj_class = self.resource_class data = body[response_key] # NOTE(ja): keystone returns values as list as {'values': [ ... ]} # unlike other services which just return the list... try: data = data['values'] except (KeyError, TypeError): pass return [obj_class(self, res, loaded=True) for res in data if res] def _get(self, url, response_key, **kwargs): """Get an object from collection. :param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers' :param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary, e.g., 'server' :param kwargs: Additional arguments will be passed to the request. """ resp, body = self.client.get(url, **kwargs) return self.resource_class(self, body[response_key], loaded=True) def _head(self, url, **kwargs): """Retrieve request headers for an object. :param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers' :param kwargs: Additional arguments will be passed to the request. """ resp, body = self.client.head(url, **kwargs) return resp.status_code == 204 def _create(self, url, body, response_key, return_raw=False, **kwargs): """Deprecated. Use `_post` instead. """ return self._post(url, body, response_key, return_raw, **kwargs) def _post(self, url, body, response_key, return_raw=False, **kwargs): """Create an object. :param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers' :param body: data that will be encoded as JSON and passed in POST request (GET will be sent by default) :param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary, e.g., 'servers' :param return_raw: flag to force returning raw JSON instead of Python object of self.resource_class :param kwargs: Additional arguments will be passed to the request. """ resp, body = self.client.post(url, body=body, **kwargs) if return_raw: return body[response_key] return self.resource_class(self, body[response_key]) def _put(self, url, body=None, response_key=None, **kwargs): """Update an object with PUT method. :param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers' :param body: data that will be encoded as JSON and passed in POST request (GET will be sent by default) :param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary, e.g., 'servers' :param kwargs: Additional arguments will be passed to the request. """ resp, body = self.client.put(url, body=body, **kwargs) # PUT requests may not return a body if body is not None: if response_key is not None: return self.resource_class(self, body[response_key]) else: return self.resource_class(self, body) def _patch(self, url, body=None, response_key=None, **kwargs): """Update an object with PATCH method. :param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers' :param body: data that will be encoded as JSON and passed in POST request (GET will be sent by default) :param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary, e.g., 'servers' :param kwargs: Additional arguments will be passed to the request. """ resp, body = self.client.patch(url, body=body, **kwargs) if response_key is not None: return self.resource_class(self, body[response_key]) else: return self.resource_class(self, body) def _delete(self, url, **kwargs): """Delete an object. :param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers/my-server' :param kwargs: Additional arguments will be passed to the request. """ return self.client.delete(url, **kwargs) def _update(self, url, body=None, response_key=None, method="PUT", **kwargs): methods = {"PUT": self.client.put, "POST": self.client.post, "PATCH": self.client.patch} try: resp, body = methods[method](url, body=body, **kwargs) except KeyError: raise exceptions.ClientException(_("Invalid update method: %s") % method) # PUT requests may not return a body if body: return self.resource_class(self, body[response_key]) @six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta) class ManagerWithFind(Manager): """Manager with additional `find()`/`findall()` methods.""" @abc.abstractmethod def list(self): pass def find(self, **kwargs): """Find a single item with attributes matching ``**kwargs``. This isn't very efficient: it loads the entire list then filters on the Python side. """ rl = self.findall(**kwargs) num = len(rl) if num == 0: msg = _("No %(name)s matching %(kwargs)s.") % { 'name': self.resource_class.__name__, 'kwargs': kwargs} raise exceptions.NotFound(404, msg) elif num > 1: raise exceptions.NoUniqueMatch else: return rl[0] def findall(self, **kwargs): """Find all items with attributes matching ``**kwargs``. This isn't very efficient: it loads the entire list then filters on the Python side. """ found = [] searches = kwargs.items() for obj in self.list(): try: if all(getattr(obj, attr) == value for (attr, value) in searches): found.append(obj) except AttributeError: continue return found class CrudManager(Manager): """Base manager class for manipulating Keystone entities. Children of this class are expected to define a `collection_key` and `key`. - `collection_key`: Usually a plural noun by convention (e.g. `entities`); used to refer collections in both URL's (e.g. `/v3/entities`) and JSON objects containing a list of member resources (e.g. `{'entities': [{}, {}, {}]}`). - `key`: Usually a singular noun by convention (e.g. `entity`); used to refer to an individual member of the collection. """ collection_key = None key = None base_url = None def build_url(self, dict_args_in_out=None): """Builds a resource URL for the given kwargs. Given an example collection where `collection_key = 'entities'` and `key = 'entity'`, the following URL's could be generated. By default, the URL will represent a collection of entities, e.g.:: /entities If kwargs contains an `entity_id`, then the URL will represent a specific member, e.g.:: /entities/{entity_id} If a `base_url` is provided, the generated URL will be appended to it. """ if dict_args_in_out is None: dict_args_in_out = {} url = dict_args_in_out.pop('base_url', None) or self.base_url or '' url += '/%s' % self.collection_key # do we have a specific entity? entity_id = dict_args_in_out.pop('%s_id' % self.key, None) if entity_id is not None: url += '/%s' % entity_id return url @filter_kwargs def create(self, **kwargs): url = self.build_url(dict_args_in_out=kwargs) return self._create( url, {self.key: kwargs}, self.key) @filter_kwargs def get(self, **kwargs): return self._get( self.build_url(dict_args_in_out=kwargs), self.key) @filter_kwargs def head(self, **kwargs): return self._head(self.build_url(dict_args_in_out=kwargs)) def _build_query(self, params): return '?%s' % urllib.parse.urlencode(params) if params else '' @filter_kwargs def list(self, fallback_to_auth=False, **kwargs): url = self.build_url(dict_args_in_out=kwargs) try: query = self._build_query(kwargs) url_query = '%(url)s%(query)s' % {'url': url, 'query': query} return self._list( url_query, self.collection_key) except exceptions.EmptyCatalog: if fallback_to_auth: return self._list( url_query, self.collection_key, endpoint_filter={'interface': auth.AUTH_INTERFACE}) else: raise @filter_kwargs def put(self, **kwargs): return self._update( self.build_url(dict_args_in_out=kwargs), method='PUT') @filter_kwargs def update(self, **kwargs): url = self.build_url(dict_args_in_out=kwargs) return self._update( url, {self.key: kwargs}, self.key, method='PATCH') @filter_kwargs def delete(self, **kwargs): return self._delete( self.build_url(dict_args_in_out=kwargs)) @filter_kwargs def find(self, **kwargs): """Find a single item with attributes matching ``**kwargs``.""" url = self.build_url(dict_args_in_out=kwargs) query = self._build_query(kwargs) rl = self._list( '%(url)s%(query)s' % { 'url': url, 'query': query, }, self.collection_key) num = len(rl) if num == 0: msg = _("No %(name)s matching %(kwargs)s.") % { 'name': self.resource_class.__name__, 'kwargs': kwargs} raise exceptions.NotFound(404, msg) elif num > 1: raise exceptions.NoUniqueMatch else: return rl[0] class Resource(base.Resource): """Base class for OpenStack resources (tenant, user, etc.). This is pretty much just a bag for attributes. """ def delete(self): return self.manager.delete(self)