Remove six

This mostly affects tests. Nothing too complicated

Signed-off-by: Stephen Finucane <stephenfin@redhat.com>
Change-Id: Iabc78f651e1d48db35638280722f8019798eccd6

17 files changed, 116 insertions, 175 deletions

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index c802baa..94cc57f 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-
 requests>=2.4.0
-six>=1.9.0
diff --git a/swiftclient/authv1.py b/swiftclient/authv1.py
index d70acac..705dcb4 100644
--- a/swiftclient/authv1.py
+++ b/swiftclient/authv1.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ import datetime
 import json
 import time
 
-from six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
+from urllib.parse import urljoin
 
 # Note that while we import keystoneauth1 here, we *don't* need to add it to
 # requirements.txt -- this entire module only makes sense (and should only be
diff --git a/swiftclient/client.py b/swiftclient/client.py
index ddcf63a..df5344d 100644
--- a/swiftclient/client.py
+++ b/swiftclient/client.py
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@ import logging
 import warnings
 
 from requests.exceptions import RequestException, SSLError
-from six.moves import http_client
-from six.moves.urllib.parse import quote as _quote, unquote
-from six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse, urlunparse
+import http.client as http_client
+from urllib.parse import quote as _quote, unquote
+from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse, urlunparse
 from time import sleep, time
-import six
 
 from swiftclient import version as swiftclient_version
 from swiftclient.exceptions import ClientException
@@ -165,34 +164,20 @@ def http_log(args, kwargs, resp, body):
 
 
 def parse_header_string(data):
-    if not isinstance(data, (six.text_type, six.binary_type)):
+    if not isinstance(data, (str, bytes)):
         data = str(data)
-    if six.PY2:
-        if isinstance(data, six.text_type):
-            # Under Python2 requests only returns binary_type, but if we get
-            # some stray text_type input, this should prevent unquote from
-            # interpreting %-encoded data as raw code-points.
-            data = data.encode('utf8')
+    if isinstance(data, bytes):
+        # Under Python3 requests only returns text_type and tosses (!) the
+        # rest of the headers. If that ever changes, this should be a sane
+        # approach.
         try:
-            unquoted = unquote(data).decode('utf8')
+            data = data.decode('ascii')
         except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            try:
-                return data.decode('utf8')
-            except UnicodeDecodeError:
-                return quote(data).decode('utf8')
-    else:
-        if isinstance(data, six.binary_type):
-            # Under Python3 requests only returns text_type and tosses (!) the
-            # rest of the headers. If that ever changes, this should be a sane
-            # approach.
-            try:
-                data = data.decode('ascii')
-            except UnicodeDecodeError:
-                data = quote(data)
-        try:
-            unquoted = unquote(data, errors='strict')
-        except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            return data
+            data = quote(data)
+    try:
+        unquoted = unquote(data, errors='strict')
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        return data
     return unquoted
 
 
@@ -201,20 +186,18 @@ def quote(value, safe='/'):
     Patched version of urllib.quote that encodes utf8 strings before quoting.
     On Python 3, call directly urllib.parse.quote().
     """
-    if six.PY3:
-        return _quote(value, safe=safe)
-    return _quote(encode_utf8(value), safe)
+    return _quote(value, safe=safe)
 
 
 def encode_utf8(value):
-    if type(value) in six.integer_types + (float, bool):
+    if type(value) in (int, float, bool):
         # As of requests 2.11.0, headers must be byte- or unicode-strings.
         # Convert some known-good types as a convenience for developers.
         # Note that we *don't* convert subclasses, as they may have overriddden
         # __str__ or __repr__.
         # See https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests/pull/3366 for more info
         value = str(value)
-    if isinstance(value, six.text_type):
+    if isinstance(value, str):
         value = value.encode('utf8')
     return value
 
@@ -226,7 +209,7 @@ def encode_meta_headers(headers):
         value = encode_utf8(value)
         header = header.lower()
 
-        if (isinstance(header, six.string_types) and
+        if (isinstance(header, str) and
                 header.startswith(USER_METADATA_TYPE)):
             header = encode_utf8(header)
 
@@ -457,12 +440,12 @@ class HTTPConnection(object):
         old_getheader = self.resp.raw.getheader
 
         def _decode_header(string):
-            if string is None or six.PY2:
+            if string is None:
                 return string
             return string.encode('iso-8859-1').decode('utf-8')
 
         def _encode_header(string):
-            if string is None or six.PY2:
+            if string is None:
                 return string
             return string.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')
 
@@ -1441,7 +1424,7 @@ def put_object(url, token=None, container=None, name=None, contents=None,
             warnings.warn(warn_msg, stacklevel=2)
         # Match requests's is_stream test
         if hasattr(contents, '__iter__') and not isinstance(contents, (
-                six.text_type, six.binary_type, list, tuple, dict)):
+                str, bytes, list, tuple, dict)):
             contents = iter_wrapper(contents)
         conn.request('PUT', path, contents, headers)
 
diff --git a/swiftclient/exceptions.py b/swiftclient/exceptions.py
index a9b993c..f0d1b5d 100644
--- a/swiftclient/exceptions.py
+++ b/swiftclient/exceptions.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from six.moves import urllib
+import urllib
 
 
 class ClientException(Exception):
diff --git a/swiftclient/multithreading.py b/swiftclient/multithreading.py
index 665ba63..cf72360 100644
--- a/swiftclient/multithreading.py
+++ b/swiftclient/multithreading.py
@@ -13,11 +13,10 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import six
 import sys
 
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
-from six.moves.queue import PriorityQueue
+from queue import PriorityQueue
 
 
 class OutputManager(object):
@@ -70,12 +69,8 @@ class OutputManager(object):
         self.print_pool.submit(self._write, data, self.print_stream)
 
     def _write(self, data, stream):
-        if six.PY3:
-            stream.buffer.write(data)
-            stream.flush()
-        if six.PY2:
-            stream.write(data)
-            stream.flush()
+        stream.buffer.write(data)
+        stream.flush()
 
     def print_msg(self, msg, *fmt_args):
         if fmt_args:
@@ -100,8 +95,6 @@ class OutputManager(object):
     def _print(self, item, stream=None):
         if stream is None:
             stream = self.print_stream
-        if six.PY2 and isinstance(item, six.text_type):
-            item = item.encode('utf8')
         print(item, file=stream)
 
     def _print_error(self, item, count=1):
diff --git a/swiftclient/service.py b/swiftclient/service.py
index 6b8f73d..289e29e 100644
--- a/swiftclient/service.py
+++ b/swiftclient/service.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from concurrent.futures import as_completed, CancelledError, TimeoutError
 from copy import deepcopy
 from errno import EEXIST, ENOENT
 from hashlib import md5
+from io import StringIO
 from os import environ, makedirs, stat, utime
 from os.path import (
     basename, dirname, getmtime, getsize, isdir, join, sep as os_path_sep
@@ -29,10 +30,9 @@ from posixpath import join as urljoin
 from random import shuffle
 from time import time
 from threading import Thread
-from six import Iterator, StringIO, string_types, text_type
-from six.moves.queue import Queue
-from six.moves.queue import Empty as QueueEmpty
-from six.moves.urllib.parse import quote
+from queue import Queue
+from queue import Empty as QueueEmpty
+from urllib.parse import quote
 
 import json
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ DISK_BUFFER = 2 ** 16
 logger = logging.getLogger("swiftclient.service")
 
 
-class ResultsIterator(Iterator):
+class ResultsIterator:
     def __init__(self, futures):
         self.futures = interruptable_as_completed(futures)
 
@@ -321,10 +321,10 @@ class SwiftUploadObject(object):
     options to be specified separately for each individual object.
     """
     def __init__(self, source, object_name=None, options=None):
-        if isinstance(source, string_types):
+        if isinstance(source, str):
             self.object_name = object_name or source
         elif source is None or hasattr(source, 'read'):
-            if not object_name or not isinstance(object_name, string_types):
+            if not object_name or not isinstance(object_name, str):
                 raise SwiftError('Object names must be specified as '
                                  'strings for uploads from None or file '
                                  'like objects.')
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class SwiftPostObject(object):
     specified separately for each individual object.
     """
     def __init__(self, object_name, options=None):
-        if not (isinstance(object_name, string_types) and object_name):
+        if not (isinstance(object_name, str) and object_name):
             raise SwiftError(
                 "Object names must be specified as non-empty strings"
             )
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ class SwiftDeleteObject(object):
     specified separately for each individual object.
     """
     def __init__(self, object_name, options=None):
-        if not (isinstance(object_name, string_types) and object_name):
+        if not (isinstance(object_name, str) and object_name):
             raise SwiftError(
                 "Object names must be specified as non-empty strings"
             )
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ class SwiftCopyObject(object):
     destination and fresh_metadata should be set in options
     """
     def __init__(self, object_name, options=None):
-        if not (isinstance(object_name, string_types) and object_name):
+        if not (isinstance(object_name, str) and object_name):
             raise SwiftError(
                 "Object names must be specified as non-empty strings"
             )
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ class SwiftService(object):
         post_objects = []
 
         for o in objects:
-            if isinstance(o, string_types):
+            if isinstance(o, str):
                 obj = SwiftPostObject(o)
                 post_objects.append(obj)
             elif isinstance(o, SwiftPostObject):
@@ -1637,7 +1637,7 @@ class SwiftService(object):
         upload_objects = []
 
         for o in objects:
-            if isinstance(o, string_types):
+            if isinstance(o, str):
                 obj = SwiftUploadObject(o, urljoin(pseudo_folder,
                                                    o.lstrip('/')))
                 upload_objects.append(obj)
@@ -2035,7 +2035,7 @@ class SwiftService(object):
         segment_results.sort(key=lambda di: di['segment_index'])
         for seg in segment_results:
             seg_loc = seg['segment_location'].lstrip('/')
-            if isinstance(seg_loc, text_type):
+            if isinstance(seg_loc, str):
                 seg_loc = seg_loc.encode('utf-8')
 
         manifest_data = json.dumps([
@@ -2578,7 +2578,7 @@ class SwiftService(object):
         delete_objects = []
 
         for o in objects:
-            if isinstance(o, string_types):
+            if isinstance(o, str):
                 obj = SwiftDeleteObject(o)
                 delete_objects.append(obj)
             elif isinstance(o, SwiftDeleteObject):
@@ -2933,7 +2933,7 @@ class SwiftService(object):
         copy_objects = []
 
         for o in objects:
-            if isinstance(o, string_types):
+            if isinstance(o, str):
                 obj = SwiftCopyObject(o, options)
                 copy_objects.append(obj)
             elif isinstance(o, SwiftCopyObject):
diff --git a/swiftclient/shell.py b/swiftclient/shell.py
index 36d0757..a16de88 100755
--- a/swiftclient/shell.py
+++ b/swiftclient/shell.py
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ import warnings
 
 from os import environ, walk, _exit as os_exit
 from os.path import isfile, isdir, join
-from six import text_type, PY2
-from six.moves.urllib.parse import unquote, urlparse
+from urllib.parse import unquote, urlparse
 from sys import argv as sys_argv, exit, stderr, stdin
 from time import gmtime, strftime
 
@@ -191,10 +190,6 @@ def st_delete(parser, args, output_manager, return_parser=False):
                         for o, err in r.get('result', {}).get('Errors', []):
                             # o will be of the form quote("/<cont>/<obj>")
                             o = unquote(o)
-                            if PY2:
-                                # In PY3, unquote(unicode) uses utf-8 like we
-                                # want, but PY2 uses latin-1
-                                o = o.encode('latin-1').decode('utf-8')
                             output_manager.error('Error Deleting: {0}: {1}'
                                                  .format(o[1:], err))
                             try:
@@ -1931,7 +1926,7 @@ def add_default_args(parser):
 def main(arguments=None):
     argv = sys_argv if arguments is None else arguments
 
-    argv = [a if isinstance(a, text_type) else a.decode('utf-8') for a in argv]
+    argv = [a if isinstance(a, str) else a.decode('utf-8') for a in argv]
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         add_help=False, formatter_class=HelpFormatter, usage='''
diff --git a/swiftclient/utils.py b/swiftclient/utils.py
index 656acad..03e5e7b 100644
--- a/swiftclient/utils.py
+++ b/swiftclient/utils.py
@@ -13,17 +13,15 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 """Miscellaneous utility functions for use with Swift."""
+
 from calendar import timegm
-try:
-    from collections.abc import Mapping
-except ImportError:
-    from collections import Mapping
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 import gzip
 import hashlib
 import hmac
+import io
 import json
 import logging
-import six
 import time
 import traceback
 
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ def config_true_value(value):
     This function comes from swift.common.utils.config_true_value()
     """
     return value is True or \
-        (isinstance(value, six.string_types) and value.lower() in TRUE_VALUES)
+        (isinstance(value, str) and value.lower() in TRUE_VALUES)
 
 
 def prt_bytes(num_bytes, human_flag):
@@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ def generate_temp_url(path, seconds, key, method, absolute=False,
     except ValueError:
         raise ValueError(TIME_ERRMSG)
 
-    if isinstance(path, six.binary_type):
+    if isinstance(path, bytes):
         try:
             path_for_body = path.decode('utf-8')
         except UnicodeDecodeError:
@@ -165,7 +163,7 @@ def generate_temp_url(path, seconds, key, method, absolute=False,
                   ('prefix:' if prefix else '') + path_for_body]
 
     if ip_range:
-        if isinstance(ip_range, six.binary_type):
+        if isinstance(ip_range, bytes):
             try:
                 ip_range = ip_range.decode('utf-8')
             except UnicodeDecodeError:
@@ -177,7 +175,7 @@ def generate_temp_url(path, seconds, key, method, absolute=False,
     hmac_body = u'\n'.join(hmac_parts)
 
     # Encode to UTF-8 for py3 compatibility
-    if not isinstance(key, six.binary_type):
+    if not isinstance(key, bytes):
         key = key.encode('utf-8')
     sig = hmac.new(key, hmac_body.encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha1).hexdigest()
 
@@ -194,7 +192,7 @@ def generate_temp_url(path, seconds, key, method, absolute=False,
     if prefix:
         temp_url += u'&temp_url_prefix={}'.format(parts[4])
     # Have return type match path from caller
-    if isinstance(path, six.binary_type):
+    if isinstance(path, bytes):
         return temp_url.encode('utf-8')
     else:
         return temp_url
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ def generate_temp_url(path, seconds, key, method, absolute=False,
 
 def get_body(headers, body):
     if headers.get('content-encoding') == 'gzip':
-        with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=six.BytesIO(body), mode='r') as gz:
+        with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(body), mode='r') as gz:
             nbody = gz.read()
         return nbody
     return body
@@ -224,7 +222,7 @@ def split_request_headers(options, prefix=''):
     if isinstance(options, Mapping):
         options = options.items()
     for item in options:
-        if isinstance(item, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(item, str):
             if ':' not in item:
                 raise ValueError(
                     "Metadata parameter %s must contain a ':'.\n"
@@ -401,8 +399,6 @@ def n_groups(seq, n):
 
 
 def normalize_manifest_path(path):
-    if six.PY2 and isinstance(path, six.text_type):
-        path = path.encode('utf-8')
     if path.startswith('/'):
         return path[1:]
     return path
diff --git a/test/functional/__init__.py b/test/functional/__init__.py
index f0fea3b..249dafe 100644
--- a/test/functional/__init__.py
+++ b/test/functional/__init__.py
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import configparser
 import os
-from six.moves import configparser
 
 TEST_CONFIG = None
 
diff --git a/test/functional/test_swiftclient.py b/test/functional/test_swiftclient.py
index 8d001d0..5fc8df7 100644
--- a/test/functional/test_swiftclient.py
+++ b/test/functional/test_swiftclient.py
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ import unittest
 import time
 from io import BytesIO
 
-import six
-
 import swiftclient
 from . import TEST_CONFIG
 
@@ -417,12 +415,6 @@ class TestFunctional(unittest.TestCase):
         # https://bugs.python.org/issue37093
         # We'll have to settle for just testing that the POST doesn't blow up
         # with a UnicodeDecodeError
-        if six.PY2:
-            headers = self.conn.head_object(
-                self.containername, self.objectname)
-            self.assertIn(u'x-object-meta-\U0001f44d', headers)
-            self.assertEqual(u'\U0001f44d',
-                             headers.get(u'x-object-meta-\U0001f44d'))
 
     def test_copy_object(self):
         self.conn.put_object(
diff --git a/test/unit/test_command_helpers.py b/test/unit/test_command_helpers.py
index 24684ae..1cb3bb1 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_command_helpers.py
+++ b/test/unit/test_command_helpers.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import mock
-from six import StringIO
+from io import StringIO
 import unittest
 
 from swiftclient import command_helpers as h
diff --git a/test/unit/test_multithreading.py b/test/unit/test_multithreading.py
index e9732cd..ee9e7cc 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_multithreading.py
+++ b/test/unit/test_multithreading.py
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
 # implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+
+from queue import Queue, Empty
 import sys
 import unittest
 import threading
-import six
 
 from concurrent.futures import as_completed
-from six.moves.queue import Queue, Empty
 from time import sleep
 
 from swiftclient import multithreading as mt
@@ -216,11 +216,7 @@ class TestOutputManager(unittest.TestCase):
         # The threads should have been cleaned up
         self.assertEqual(starting_thread_count, threading.active_count())
 
-        if six.PY3:
-            over_the = "over the '\u062a\u062a'\n"
-        else:
-            over_the = "over the u'\\u062a\\u062a'\n"
-            # We write to the CaptureStream so no decoding is performed
+        over_the = "over the '\u062a\u062a'\n"
         self.assertEqual(''.join([
             'one-argument\n',
             'one fish, 88 fish\n',
diff --git a/test/unit/test_service.py b/test/unit/test_service.py
index 8c38bd3..9f3a2a2 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_service.py
+++ b/test/unit/test_service.py
@@ -13,20 +13,21 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import builtins
 import contextlib
+import io
 import mock
 import os
-import six
 import tempfile
 import unittest
 import time
 import json
+from io import BytesIO
 
 from concurrent.futures import Future
 from hashlib import md5
 from mock import Mock, PropertyMock
-from six.moves.queue import Queue, Empty as QueueEmptyError
-from six import BytesIO
+from queue import Queue, Empty as QueueEmptyError
 from time import sleep
 
 import swiftclient
@@ -46,12 +47,6 @@ for key in os.environ:
         clean_os_environ[key] = ''
 
 
-if six.PY2:
-    import __builtin__ as builtins
-else:
-    import builtins
-
-
 class TestSwiftPostObject(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -1268,7 +1263,7 @@ class TestService(unittest.TestCase):
         for obj in objects:
             with mock.patch('swiftclient.service.Connection') as mock_conn, \
                     mock.patch.object(builtins, 'open') as mock_open:
-                mock_open.return_value = six.StringIO('asdf')
+                mock_open.return_value = io.StringIO('asdf')
                 mock_conn.return_value.head_object.side_effect = \
                     ClientException('Not Found', http_status=404)
                 mock_conn.return_value.put_object.return_value =\
@@ -2318,7 +2313,7 @@ class TestServiceDownload(_TestServiceBase):
 
     def test_download_object_job(self):
         mock_conn = self._get_mock_connection()
-        objcontent = six.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
+        objcontent = io.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
         mock_conn.get_object.side_effect = [
             ({'content-type': 'text/plain',
               'etag': '2cbbfe139a744d6abbe695e17f3c1991'},
@@ -2360,7 +2355,7 @@ class TestServiceDownload(_TestServiceBase):
 
     def test_download_object_job_with_mtime(self):
         mock_conn = self._get_mock_connection()
-        objcontent = six.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
+        objcontent = io.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
         mock_conn.get_object.side_effect = [
             ({'content-type': 'text/plain',
               'etag': '2cbbfe139a744d6abbe695e17f3c1991',
@@ -2406,7 +2401,7 @@ class TestServiceDownload(_TestServiceBase):
 
     def test_download_object_job_bad_mtime(self):
         mock_conn = self._get_mock_connection()
-        objcontent = six.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
+        objcontent = io.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
         mock_conn.get_object.side_effect = [
             ({'content-type': 'text/plain',
               'etag': '2cbbfe139a744d6abbe695e17f3c1991',
@@ -2451,7 +2446,7 @@ class TestServiceDownload(_TestServiceBase):
 
     def test_download_object_job_ignore_mtime(self):
         mock_conn = self._get_mock_connection()
-        objcontent = six.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
+        objcontent = io.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
         mock_conn.get_object.side_effect = [
             ({'content-type': 'text/plain',
               'etag': '2cbbfe139a744d6abbe695e17f3c1991',
diff --git a/test/unit/test_shell.py b/test/unit/test_shell.py
index 8d3b163..adf3776 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_shell.py
+++ b/test/unit/test_shell.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import io
 import contextlib
 from genericpath import getmtime
 import getpass
@@ -26,8 +27,6 @@ import unittest
 import textwrap
 from time import localtime, mktime, strftime, strptime
 
-import six
-
 import swiftclient
 from swiftclient.service import SwiftError
 import swiftclient.shell
@@ -46,10 +45,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     InsecureRequestWarning = None
 
-if six.PY2:
-    BUILTIN_OPEN = '__builtin__.open'
-else:
-    BUILTIN_OPEN = 'builtins.open'
+BUILTIN_OPEN = 'builtins.open'
 
 mocked_os_environ = {
     'ST_AUTH': 'http://localhost:8080/auth/v1.0',
@@ -631,7 +627,7 @@ class TestShell(unittest.TestCase):
     @mock.patch('swiftclient.service.makedirs')
     @mock.patch('swiftclient.service.Connection')
     def test_download(self, connection, makedirs):
-        objcontent = six.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
+        objcontent = io.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
         connection.return_value.get_object.side_effect = [
             ({'content-type': 'text/plain',
               'etag': '2cbbfe139a744d6abbe695e17f3c1991'},
@@ -666,7 +662,7 @@ class TestShell(unittest.TestCase):
         makedirs.reset_mock()
 
         # Test downloading single object
-        objcontent = six.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
+        objcontent = io.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
         connection.return_value.get_object.side_effect = [
             ({'content-type': 'text/plain',
               'etag': '2cbbfe139a744d6abbe695e17f3c1991'},
@@ -682,7 +678,7 @@ class TestShell(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual([], makedirs.mock_calls)
 
         # Test downloading without md5 checks
-        objcontent = six.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
+        objcontent = io.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
         connection.return_value.get_object.side_effect = [
             ({'content-type': 'text/plain',
               'etag': '2cbbfe139a744d6abbe695e17f3c1991'},
@@ -700,7 +696,7 @@ class TestShell(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual([], makedirs.mock_calls)
 
         # Test downloading single object to stdout
-        objcontent = six.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
+        objcontent = io.BytesIO(b'objcontent')
         connection.return_value.get_object.side_effect = [
             ({'content-type': 'text/plain',
               'etag': '2cbbfe139a744d6abbe695e17f3c1991'},
@@ -3246,7 +3242,7 @@ class TestAuth(MockHttpTest):
         }
         mock_resp = self.fake_http_connection(200, headers=headers)
         with mock.patch('swiftclient.client.http_connection', new=mock_resp):
-            stdout = six.StringIO()
+            stdout = io.StringIO()
             with mock.patch('sys.stdout', new=stdout):
                 argv = [
                     '',
@@ -3265,7 +3261,7 @@ class TestAuth(MockHttpTest):
 
     def test_auth_verbose(self):
         with mock.patch('swiftclient.client.http_connection') as mock_conn:
-            stdout = six.StringIO()
+            stdout = io.StringIO()
             with mock.patch('sys.stdout', new=stdout):
                 argv = [
                     '',
@@ -3289,7 +3285,7 @@ class TestAuth(MockHttpTest):
         os_options = {'tenant_name': 'demo'}
         with mock.patch('swiftclient.client.get_auth_keystone',
                         new=fake_get_auth_keystone(os_options)):
-            stdout = six.StringIO()
+            stdout = io.StringIO()
             with mock.patch('sys.stdout', new=stdout):
                 argv = [
                     '',
@@ -3310,7 +3306,7 @@ class TestAuth(MockHttpTest):
     def test_auth_verbose_v2(self):
         with mock.patch('swiftclient.client.get_auth_keystone') \
                 as mock_keystone:
-            stdout = six.StringIO()
+            stdout = io.StringIO()
             with mock.patch('sys.stdout', new=stdout):
                 argv = [
                     '',
diff --git a/test/unit/test_swiftclient.py b/test/unit/test_swiftclient.py
index 6bdd6ad..55c18fa 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_swiftclient.py
+++ b/test/unit/test_swiftclient.py
@@ -17,15 +17,14 @@ import gzip
 import json
 import logging
 import mock
-import six
+import io
 import socket
 import string
 import unittest
 import warnings
 import tempfile
 from hashlib import md5
-from six import binary_type
-from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 from requests.exceptions import RequestException
 
 from .utils import (MockHttpTest, fake_get_auth_keystone, StubResponse,
@@ -214,12 +213,12 @@ class TestHttpHelpers(MockHttpTest):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(headers), len(r))
         # ensure non meta headers are not encoded
-        self.assertIs(type(r.get('abc')), binary_type)
+        self.assertIs(type(r.get('abc')), bytes)
         del r['abc']
 
         for k, v in r.items():
-            self.assertIs(type(k), binary_type)
-            self.assertIs(type(v), binary_type)
+            self.assertIs(type(k), bytes)
+            self.assertIs(type(v), bytes)
             self.assertIn(v, (b'123', b'12.3', b'True'))
 
     def test_set_user_agent_default(self):
@@ -1329,7 +1328,7 @@ class TestPutObject(MockHttpTest):
         c.http_connection = self.fake_http_connection(200)
         args = ('http://www.test.com', 'TOKEN', 'container', 'obj', 'body', 4)
         value = c.put_object(*args)
-        self.assertIsInstance(value, six.string_types)
+        self.assertIsInstance(value, str)
         self.assertEqual(value, EMPTY_ETAG)
         self.assertRequests([
             ('PUT', '/container/obj', 'body', {
@@ -1340,7 +1339,7 @@ class TestPutObject(MockHttpTest):
 
     def test_unicode_ok(self):
         conn = c.http_connection(u'http://www.test.com/')
-        mock_file = six.StringIO(u'\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e4c\u4e91')
+        mock_file = io.StringIO(u'\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e4c\u4e91')
         args = (u'\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e4c\u4e91',
                 u'\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e4c\u4e91',
                 u'\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e4c\u4e91',
@@ -1354,7 +1353,7 @@ class TestPutObject(MockHttpTest):
         conn[1].getresponse = resp.fake_response
         conn[1]._request = resp._fake_request
         value = c.put_object(*args, headers=headers, http_conn=conn)
-        self.assertIsInstance(value, six.string_types)
+        self.assertIsInstance(value, str)
         # Test for RFC-2616 encoded symbols
         self.assertIn(("a-b", b".x:yz mn:fg:lp"),
                       resp.buffer)
@@ -1364,7 +1363,7 @@ class TestPutObject(MockHttpTest):
 
     def test_chunk_warning(self):
         conn = c.http_connection('http://www.test.com/')
-        mock_file = six.StringIO('asdf')
+        mock_file = io.StringIO('asdf')
         args = ('asdf', 'asdf', 'asdf', 'asdf', mock_file)
         resp = MockHttpResponse()
         conn[1].getresponse = resp.fake_response
@@ -1960,7 +1959,7 @@ class TestHTTPConnection(MockHttpTest):
         self.assertFalse(resp.read())
         self.assertTrue(resp.closed)
 
-    def test_response_python3_headers(self):
+    def test_response_headers(self):
         '''Test latin1-encoded headers.
         '''
         _, conn = c.http_connection(u'http://www.test.com/')
@@ -2547,7 +2546,7 @@ class TestConnection(MockHttpTest):
         class LocalContents(object):
 
             def __init__(self, tell_value=0):
-                self.data = six.BytesIO(string.ascii_letters.encode() * 10)
+                self.data = io.BytesIO(string.ascii_letters.encode() * 10)
                 self.data.seek(tell_value)
                 self.reads = []
                 self.seeks = []
@@ -2845,7 +2844,7 @@ class TestLogging(MockHttpTest):
         c.http_connection = self.fake_http_connection(200)
         args = ('http://www.test.com', 'asdf', 'asdf', 'asdf', 'asdf')
         value = c.put_object(*args)
-        self.assertIsInstance(value, six.string_types)
+        self.assertIsInstance(value, str)
 
     def test_head_error(self):
         c.http_connection = self.fake_http_connection(500)
@@ -2859,7 +2858,7 @@ class TestLogging(MockHttpTest):
         self.assertEqual(exc_context.exception.http_status, 404)
 
     def test_content_encoding_gzip_body_is_logged_decoded(self):
-        buf = six.BytesIO()
+        buf = io.BytesIO()
         gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf, mode='w')
         data = {"test": u"\u2603"}
         decoded_body = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')
diff --git a/test/unit/test_utils.py b/test/unit/test_utils.py
index cbee82b..02d19f3 100644
--- a/test/unit/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/unit/test_utils.py
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import gzip
+import io
 import json
 import unittest
 import mock
-import six
 import tempfile
 from time import gmtime, localtime, mktime, strftime, strptime
 from hashlib import md5, sha1
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
         url = u.generate_temp_url(self.url, self.seconds,
                                   self.key, self.method)
         key = self.key
-        if not isinstance(key, six.binary_type):
+        if not isinstance(key, bytes):
             key = key.encode('utf-8')
         self.assertEqual(url, self.expected_url)
         self.assertEqual(hmac_mock.mock_calls, [
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
                                       self.key, self.method,
                                       ip_range=ip_range)
             key = self.key
-            if not isinstance(key, six.binary_type):
+            if not isinstance(key, bytes):
                 key = key.encode('utf-8')
 
-            if isinstance(ip_range, six.binary_type):
+            if isinstance(ip_range, bytes):
                 ip_range_expected_url = (
                     expected_url + ip_range.decode('utf-8')
                 )
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
         lt = localtime()
         expires = strftime(u.EXPIRES_ISO8601_FORMAT[:-1], lt)
 
-        if not isinstance(self.expected_url, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(self.expected_url, str):
             expected_url = self.expected_url.replace(
                 b'1400003600', bytes(str(int(mktime(lt))), encoding='ascii'))
         else:
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
         expires = strftime(u.SHORT_EXPIRES_ISO8601_FORMAT, lt)
         lt = strptime(expires, u.SHORT_EXPIRES_ISO8601_FORMAT)
 
-        if not isinstance(self.expected_url, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(self.expected_url, str):
             expected_url = self.expected_url.replace(
                 b'1400003600', bytes(str(int(mktime(lt))), encoding='ascii'))
         else:
@@ -246,11 +246,11 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
                                   self.key, self.method,
                                   iso8601=True)
         key = self.key
-        if not isinstance(key, six.binary_type):
+        if not isinstance(key, bytes):
             key = key.encode('utf-8')
 
         expires = strftime(u.EXPIRES_ISO8601_FORMAT, gmtime(1400003600))
-        if not isinstance(self.url, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(self.url, str):
             self.assertTrue(url.endswith(bytes(expires, 'utf-8')))
         else:
             self.assertTrue(url.endswith(expires))
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
             url = u.generate_temp_url(path, self.seconds,
                                       self.key, self.method, prefix=True)
             key = self.key
-            if not isinstance(key, six.binary_type):
+            if not isinstance(key, bytes):
                 key = key.encode('utf-8')
             self.assertEqual(url, expected_url)
             self.assertEqual(hmac_mock.mock_calls, [
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @mock.patch('hmac.HMAC.hexdigest', return_value="temp_url_signature")
     def test_generate_absolute_expiry_temp_url(self, hmac_mock):
-        if isinstance(self.expected_url, six.binary_type):
+        if isinstance(self.expected_url, bytes):
             expected_url = self.expected_url.replace(
                 b'1400003600', b'2146636800')
         else:
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ class TestReadableToIterable(unittest.TestCase):
 class TestLengthWrapper(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_stringio(self):
-        contents = six.StringIO(u'a' * 50 + u'b' * 50)
+        contents = io.StringIO(u'a' * 50 + u'b' * 50)
         contents.seek(22)
         data = u.LengthWrapper(contents, 42, True)
         s = u'a' * 28 + u'b' * 14
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ class TestLengthWrapper(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(md5(s.encode()).hexdigest(), data.get_md5sum())
 
     def test_bytesio(self):
-        contents = six.BytesIO(b'a' * 50 + b'b' * 50)
+        contents = io.BytesIO(b'a' * 50 + b'b' * 50)
         contents.seek(22)
         data = u.LengthWrapper(contents, 42, True)
         s = b'a' * 28 + b'b' * 14
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ class TestApiResponeParser(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual({u't\xe9st': u'\xff'}, result)
 
     def test_gzipped_utf8(self):
-        buf = six.BytesIO()
+        buf = io.BytesIO()
         gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf, mode='w')
         gz.write(u'{"test": "\u2603"}'.encode('utf8'))
         gz.close()
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ class TestGetBody(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual({'test': u'\u2603'}, result)
 
     def test_gzipped_body(self):
-        buf = six.BytesIO()
+        buf = io.BytesIO()
         gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf, mode='w')
         gz.write(u'{"test": "\u2603"}'.encode('utf8'))
         gz.close()
diff --git a/test/unit/utils.py b/test/unit/utils.py
index 3190e9d..0dc0b3c 100644
--- a/test/unit/utils.py
+++ b/test/unit/utils.py
@@ -12,17 +12,19 @@
 # implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+
 import functools
+import io
+import importlib
+import os
 import sys
-from requests import RequestException
-from requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
 from time import sleep
 import unittest
+
+from requests import RequestException
+from requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
 import mock
-import six
-import os
-from six.moves import reload_module
-from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, ParseResult
+from urllib.parse import urlparse, ParseResult
 from swiftclient import client as c
 from swiftclient import shell as s
 from swiftclient.utils import EMPTY_ETAG
@@ -406,7 +408,7 @@ class MockHttpTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # un-hygienic mocking on the swiftclient.client module; which may lead
         # to some unfortunate test order dependency bugs by way of the broken
         # window theory if any other modules are similarly patched
-        reload_module(c)
+        importlib.reload(c)
 
 
 class CaptureStreamPrinter(object):
@@ -421,24 +423,20 @@ class CaptureStreamPrinter(object):
         # No encoding, just convert the raw bytes into a str for testing
         # The below call also validates that we have a byte string.
         self._captured_stream.write(
-            data if isinstance(data, six.binary_type) else data.encode('utf8'))
+            data if isinstance(data, bytes) else data.encode('utf8'))
 
 
 class CaptureStream(object):
 
     def __init__(self, stream):
         self.stream = stream
-        self._buffer = six.BytesIO()
+        self._buffer = io.BytesIO()
         self._capture = CaptureStreamPrinter(self._buffer)
         self.streams = [self._capture]
 
     @property
     def buffer(self):
-        if six.PY3:
-            return self._buffer
-        else:
-            raise AttributeError(
-                'Output stream has no attribute "buffer" in Python2')
+        return self._buffer
 
     def flush(self):
         pass