Bug 328067 – Install pango-view

2006-02-06  Behdad Esfahbod  <behdad@gnome.org>

        Bug 328067 – Install pango-view

        Added a rather generic framework for a pango-view example.  All
        backends have their own pango*-view built, and a pango-view binary
        is built too, that can choose backend via --backend.  This one is
        installed in bindir.

        * examples/Makefile.am: Updated, to build pangox-view, pangoft2-view,
        pangoxft-view, pangocairo-view, and pango-view.

        * examples/viewer.h, examples/viewer-x.c, examples/viewer-x.h
        examples/viewer-cairo.c, examples/viewer-cairo.h,
        examples/viewer-main.c, examples/viewer-pangox.c,
        examples/viewer-pangoft2.c, examples/viewer-pangoxft.c,
        examples/viewer-pangocairo.c, examples/pango-view.c,
        examples/pango-xview.c, examples/pango-ft2view.c,
        examples/pango-xftview.c, examples/pango-cairoview.c: Added.

        * examples/cairoview.c, examples/xftview.c, examples/pangoft2topgm.c,
        examples/viewer-qt.cc, examples/viewer-qt.h: Removed.

        * configure.in: Check for Cairo Xlib backend, also AC_DEFINE various
        backend bits.

24 files changed, 1583 insertions, 1359 deletions

diff --git a/examples/.cvsignore b/examples/.cvsignore
index 1611fa22..2802de3e 100644
--- a/examples/.cvsignore
+++ b/examples/.cvsignore
@@ -2,11 +2,8 @@ Makefile.in
 Makefile
 makefile.mingw
 pangorc
+pango*-view
 cairosimple
-pangocairo-view
-pangoxft-view
-pangoft2-view
-moc_viewer-qt.cc
 .deps
 .libs
 *.lo
diff --git a/examples/Makefile.am b/examples/Makefile.am
index 0d2dc42d..63a41531 100644
--- a/examples/Makefile.am
+++ b/examples/Makefile.am
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ## Process this file with automake to create Makefile.in.
 
 TEST_TEXTS =			\
-	test-arabic.txt	\
+	test-arabic.txt		\
 	test-devanagari.txt	\
 	test-ipa.txt		\
-	test-syriac.txt	\
+	test-syriac.txt		\
 	test-tamil.txt		\
 	test-tibetan.txt	\
 	HELLO.utf8		\
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ EXTRA_DIST =			\
 CLEANFILES = pangorc
 
 INCLUDES =				\
-	-DPANGO_DISABLE_DEPRECATED	\
 	-I$(top_srcdir)			\
 	$(PANGO_DEBUG_FLAGS)		\
 	$(GLIB_CFLAGS)			\
@@ -28,34 +27,64 @@ INCLUDES =				\
 	$(X_CFLAGS)
 
 noinst_PROGRAMS =
+bin_PROGRAMS =
 
-###################################################
+#########################################################
 if HAVE_FREETYPE
 noinst_PROGRAMS += pangoft2-view
-endif
 
-pangoft2_view_SOURCES =			\
-	pangoft2topgm.c				\
-	renderdemo.h				\
-	renderdemo.c
+pangoft2_view_SOURCES =					\
+	renderdemo.h					\
+	renderdemo.c					\
+	viewer.h					\
+	viewer-main.c					\
+	viewer-pangoft2.c				\
+	pangoft2-view.c
+
 pangoft2_view_LDADD =					\
 	../pango/libpango-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
 	../pango/libpangoft2-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
 	$(GLIB_LIBS)					\
 	$(FREETYPE_LIBS)
-###################################################
+endif
+#########################################################
+
+#########################################################
+if HAVE_X
+noinst_PROGRAMS += pangox-view
+
+pangox_view_SOURCES =					\
+	renderdemo.h					\
+	renderdemo.c					\
+	viewer.h					\
+	viewer-x.h					\
+	viewer-x.c					\
+	viewer-main.c					\
+	viewer-pangox.c					\
+	pangox-view.c
 
-###################################################
+pangox_view_LDADD =					\
+	../pango/libpango-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
+	../pango/libpangox-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
+	$(GLIB_LIBS)					\
+	$(X_LIBS)
+endif
+#########################################################
+
+#########################################################
 if HAVE_XFT
 noinst_PROGRAMS += pangoxft-view
-endif
 
-pangoxft_view_SOURCES =				\
-	renderdemo.h				\
-	renderdemo.c				\
-	viewer-x.h				\
-	viewer-x.c				\
-	xftview.c
+pangoxft_view_SOURCES =					\
+	renderdemo.h					\
+	renderdemo.c					\
+	viewer.h					\
+	viewer-x.h					\
+	viewer-x.c					\
+	viewer-main.c					\
+	viewer-pangoxft.c				\
+	pangoxft-view.c
+
 pangoxft_view_LDADD =					\
 	../pango/libpango-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
 	../pango/libpangoft2-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
@@ -63,36 +92,92 @@ pangoxft_view_LDADD =					\
 	$(GLIB_LIBS)					\
 	$(XFT_LIBS)					\
 	$(X_LIBS)
-###################################################
+endif
+#########################################################
 
-###################################################
+#########################################################
 if HAVE_CAIRO
 if HAVE_X
-if HAVE_FREETYPE
+if HAVE_CAIRO_XLIB
 noinst_PROGRAMS += pangocairo-view
+
+pangocairo_view_SOURCES =				\
+	renderdemo.h					\
+	renderdemo.c					\
+	viewer.h					\
+	viewer-cairo.h					\
+	viewer-cairo.c					\
+	viewer-x.h					\
+	viewer-x.c					\
+	viewer-main.c					\
+	viewer-pangocairo.c				\
+	pangocairo-view.c
+
+pangocairo_view_LDADD =					\
+	../pango/libpango-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
+	../pango/libpangocairo-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
+	$(GLIB_LIBS)					\
+	$(CAIRO_LIBS)					\
+	$(X_LIBS)
 endif
 endif
 endif
+#########################################################
 
-pangocairo_view_SOURCES =			\
-	renderdemo.h				\
-	renderdemo.c				\
-	viewer-x.h				\
-	viewer-x.c				\
-	cairoview.c
-pangocairo_view_LDADD =					\
+#########################################################
+if HAVE_X
+bin_PROGRAMS += pango-view
+pango_view_SOURCES =					\
+	renderdemo.h					\
+	renderdemo.c					\
+	viewer.h					\
+	viewer-x.h					\
+	viewer-x.c					\
+	viewer-main.c					\
+	pango-view.c
+pango_view_LDADD =					\
 	../pango/libpango-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
+	$(GLIB_LIBS)
+if HAVE_X
+pango_view_SOURCES +=					\
+	viewer-pangox.c
+pango_view_LDADD +=					\
+	../pango/libpangox-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la
+endif
+if HAVE_FREETYPE
+pango_view_SOURCES +=					\
+	viewer-pangoft2.c
+pango_view_LDADD +=					\
 	../pango/libpangoft2-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
+	$(FREETYPE_LIBS)
+endif
+if HAVE_XFT
+pango_view_SOURCES +=					\
+	viewer-pangoxft.c
+pango_view_LDADD +=					\
+	../pango/libpangoft2-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
+	../pango/libpangoxft-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
+	$(XFT_LIBS)
+endif
+if HAVE_CAIRO
+if HAVE_CAIRO_XLIB
+pango_view_SOURCES +=					\
+	viewer-cairo.h					\
+	viewer-cairo.c					\
+	viewer-pangocairo.c
+pango_view_LDADD +=					\
 	../pango/libpangocairo-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
-	$(GLIB_LIBS)					\
-	$(CAIRO_LIBS)					\
+	$(CAIRO_LIBS)
+endif
+endif
+pango_view_LDADD +=					\
 	$(X_LIBS)
-###################################################
+endif
+#########################################################
 
-###################################################
+#########################################################
 if HAVE_CAIRO_PNG
 noinst_PROGRAMS += cairosimple
-endif
 
 cairosimple_SOURCES =					\
 	cairosimple.c
@@ -101,9 +186,10 @@ cairosimple_LDADD =					\
 	../pango/libpangocairo-$(PANGO_API_VERSION).la	\
 	$(GLIB_LIBS)					\
 	$(CAIRO_LIBS)
-###################################################
+endif
+#########################################################
+
+BUILT_SOURCES = pangorc
 
 pangorc: $(srcdir)/../modules/pangorc
 	cp $< $@
-
-$(noinst_PROGRAMS): pangorc
diff --git a/examples/cairoview.c b/examples/cairoview.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e43a56a..00000000
--- a/examples/cairoview.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
-/* Pango
- * cairoview.c: Example program to view a UTF-8 encoding file
- *              using PangoCairo to render result
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
- * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
- * Library General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the
- * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
- * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
- */
-
-#include <config.h>
-
-#include "renderdemo.h"
-#include "viewer-x.h"
-
-#include <pango/pangocairo.h>
-#include <cairo-xlib.h>
-
-static void
-render_callback (PangoLayout *layout,
-		 int          x,
-		 int          y,
-		 gpointer     data,
-		 gboolean     show_borders)
-{
-  cairo_t *cr = (cairo_t *)data;
-
-  cairo_move_to (cr, x, y);
-  pango_cairo_show_layout (cr, layout);
-
-  if (show_borders)
-    {
-      PangoRectangle ink, logical;
-      double lw = cairo_get_line_width (cr);
-      
-      pango_layout_get_extents (layout, &ink, &logical);
-
-      cairo_save (cr);
-      cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.75);
-
-      cairo_rectangle (cr,
-		       (double)logical.x / PANGO_SCALE - lw / 2,
-		       (double)logical.y / PANGO_SCALE - lw / 2,
-		       (double)logical.width / PANGO_SCALE + lw,
-		       (double)logical.height / PANGO_SCALE + lw);
-      cairo_stroke (cr);
-      
-      cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.75);
-
-      cairo_rectangle (cr,
-		       (double)ink.x / PANGO_SCALE - lw / 2,
-		       (double)ink.y / PANGO_SCALE - lw / 2,
-		       (double)ink.width / PANGO_SCALE + lw,
-		       (double)ink.height / PANGO_SCALE + lw);
-      cairo_stroke (cr);
-
-      cairo_restore (cr);
-    }
-}
-
-static void
-transform_callback (PangoContext *context,
-		    PangoMatrix  *matrix,
-		    gpointer      data)
-{
-  cairo_t *cr = (cairo_t *)data;
-  cairo_matrix_t cairo_matrix;
-
-  if (matrix)
-    {
-      cairo_matrix.xx = matrix->xx;
-      cairo_matrix.yx = matrix->yx;
-      cairo_matrix.xy = matrix->xy;
-      cairo_matrix.yy = matrix->yy;
-      cairo_matrix.x0 = matrix->x0;
-      cairo_matrix.y0 = matrix->y0;
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      cairo_matrix_init_identity (&cairo_matrix);
-    }
-
-  cairo_set_matrix (cr, &cairo_matrix);
-      
-  pango_context_set_matrix (context, matrix);
-  pango_cairo_update_context (cr, context);
-}
-
-void
-do_init (Display *display,
-	 int screen,
-	 int dpi,
-	 /* output */
-	 PangoContext **context,
-	 int *width,
-	 int *height)
-{
-  PangoFontMap *fontmap;
-  cairo_t *cr;
-  cairo_surface_t *surface;
-  fontmap = pango_cairo_font_map_get_default ();
-  pango_cairo_font_map_set_resolution (PANGO_CAIRO_FONT_MAP (fontmap), dpi);
-  *context = pango_cairo_font_map_create_context (PANGO_CAIRO_FONT_MAP (fontmap));
-
-  /* This is annoying ... we have to create a temporary surface just to
-   * get the extents of the text.
-   */
-  surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24, 1, 1);
-  cr = cairo_create (surface);
-  cairo_surface_destroy (surface);
-  do_output (*context, NULL, transform_callback, cr, width, height, FALSE);
-  cairo_destroy (cr);
-}
-
-void
-do_render (Display *display,
-	   int screen,
-	   Window window,
-	   Pixmap pixmap,
-	   PangoContext *context,
-	   int width,
-	   int height,
-	   gboolean show_borders)
-{
-  cairo_t *cr;
-  cairo_surface_t *surface;
-
-  surface = cairo_xlib_surface_create (display, pixmap,
-				       DefaultVisual (display, screen),
-				       width, height);
-
-  cr = cairo_create (surface);
-  
-  transform_callback (context, NULL, cr);
-
-  cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
-  cairo_paint (cr);
-  
-  /* Draw the text in black */
-  cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-  do_output (context, render_callback, transform_callback, cr, NULL, NULL, show_borders);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_CAIRO_PNG
-  if (opt_output && *opt_output)
-    {
-      cairo_status_t status;
-
-      status = cairo_surface_write_to_png (surface, opt_output);
-      if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
-	g_printerr ("could not save PNG to '%s'\n", opt_output);
-    }
-#endif
-
-  cairo_surface_destroy (surface);
-  cairo_destroy (cr);
-}
diff --git a/examples/pango-view.c b/examples/pango-view.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9771e8cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/pango-view.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <config.h>
+#include "viewer.h"
+
+extern const PangoViewer pangocairo_viewer;
+extern const PangoViewer pangoxft_viewer;
+extern const PangoViewer pangoft2_viewer;
+extern const PangoViewer pangox_viewer;
+
+const PangoViewer *viewers[] = {
+#ifdef HAVE_CAIRO_XLIB
+  &pangocairo_viewer,
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_XFT
+  &pangoxft_viewer,
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_FREETYPE
+  &pangoft2_viewer,
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_X
+  &pangox_viewer,
+#endif
+  NULL
+};
diff --git a/examples/pangocairo-view.c b/examples/pangocairo-view.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5ba8716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/pangocairo-view.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "viewer.h"
+
+extern const PangoViewer pangocairo_viewer;
+
+const PangoViewer *viewers[] = {
+  &pangocairo_viewer,
+  NULL
+};
diff --git a/examples/pangoft2-view.c b/examples/pangoft2-view.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4ac695c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/pangoft2-view.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "viewer.h"
+
+extern const PangoViewer pangoft2_viewer;
+
+const PangoViewer *viewers[] = {
+  &pangoft2_viewer,
+  NULL
+};
diff --git a/examples/pangoft2topgm.c b/examples/pangoft2topgm.c
deleted file mode 100644
index d52cfd19..00000000
--- a/examples/pangoft2topgm.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-/* Pango
- * pangoft2topgm.c: Example program to view a UTF-8 encoding file
- *                  using PangoFT2 to render result.
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
- * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
- * Library General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the
- * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
- * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
- */
-
-#include <config.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "renderdemo.h"
-
-#include <pango/pangoft2.h>
-
-static void
-do_render (PangoLayout *layout,
-	   int          x,
-	   int          y,
-	   gpointer     data,
-	   gboolean     show_borders)
-{
-  pango_ft2_render_layout (data, layout, x, y);
-}
-
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-  PangoContext *context;
-  FILE *outfile = NULL;
-  PangoFontMap *fontmap;
-  GError *error = NULL;
-  gboolean do_convert = FALSE;
-  int exit_status = 0;
-  char *tmpfile_name;
-  gboolean gen_output = TRUE;
-
-  g_type_init();
-
-  parse_options (argc, argv);
-
-  if (opt_output && !*opt_output)
-    gen_output = FALSE;
-
-  if (gen_output)
-    {
-      if (opt_output)
-	{
-	  if (!(g_str_has_suffix (opt_output, ".pgm") ||
-		g_str_has_suffix (opt_output, ".PGM")))
-	    do_convert = TRUE;
-	}
-
-      if (opt_output && !do_convert)
-	{
-	  outfile = fopen (opt_output, "wb");
-
-	  if (!outfile)
-	    fail ("Cannot open output file %s: %s\n",
-		  opt_output, g_strerror (errno));
-	}
-      else				/* --display */
-	{
-	  /* This may need to be G_OS_UNIX guarded for fdopen */
-	  int fd = g_file_open_tmp ("pangoft2pgmXXXXXX", &tmpfile_name, &error);
-	  if (fd == 1)
-	    fail ("Cannot open temporary file: %s\n", error->message);
-	  outfile = fdopen (fd, "wb");
-	  if (!outfile)
-	    fail ("Cannot open temporary file: %s\n", g_strerror (errno));
-	}
-    }
-
-  fontmap = pango_ft2_font_map_new ();
-
-  pango_ft2_font_map_set_resolution (PANGO_FT2_FONT_MAP (fontmap), opt_dpi, opt_dpi);
-  pango_ft2_font_map_set_default_substitute (PANGO_FT2_FONT_MAP (fontmap), fc_substitute_func, NULL, NULL);
-  context = pango_ft2_font_map_create_context (PANGO_FT2_FONT_MAP (fontmap));
-
-  g_object_unref (fontmap);
-
-  {
-      FT_Bitmap bitmap;
-      guchar *buf;
-      int row;
-      int width, height;
-      int run;
-
-      do_output (context, NULL, NULL, NULL, &width, &height, FALSE);
-      
-      bitmap.width = width;
-      bitmap.pitch = (bitmap.width + 3) & ~3;
-      bitmap.rows = height;
-      buf = bitmap.buffer = g_malloc (bitmap.pitch * bitmap.rows);
-      bitmap.num_grays = 256;
-      bitmap.pixel_mode = ft_pixel_mode_grays;
-      memset (buf, 0x00, bitmap.pitch * bitmap.rows);
-
-      for (run = 0; run < opt_runs; run++)
-	do_output (context, do_render, NULL, &bitmap, &width, &height, FALSE);
-
-      if (gen_output)
-        {
-	  /* Invert bitmap to get black text on white background */
-	  {
-	    int pix_idx;
-	    for (pix_idx=0; pix_idx<bitmap.pitch * bitmap.rows; pix_idx++)
-	      {
-		buf[pix_idx] = 255-buf[pix_idx];
-	      }
-	  }
-	  
-	  /* Write it as pgm to output */
-	  fprintf(outfile,
-		  "P5\n"
-		  "%d %d\n"
-		  "255\n", bitmap.width, bitmap.rows);
-	  for (row = 0; row < bitmap.rows; row++)
-	    fwrite(bitmap.buffer + row * bitmap.pitch, 1, bitmap.width, outfile);
-	  g_free (buf);
-	  if (fclose(outfile) == EOF)
-	    fail ("Error writing output file: %s\n", g_strerror (errno));
-
-	  /* Convert to a different format, if necessary */
-	  if (do_convert)
-	    {
-	      gchar *command = g_strdup_printf ("convert %s %s",
-						tmpfile_name,
-						opt_output);
-	      if (!g_spawn_command_line_sync (command, NULL, NULL, &exit_status, &error))
-		fail ("When running ImageMagick 'convert' command: %s\n",
-		      error->message);
-
-	      g_free (command);
- 
-	      if (tmpfile_name)
-		{
-		  remove (tmpfile_name);
-		  g_free (tmpfile_name);
-		  tmpfile_name = NULL;
-		}
-	      
-	      if (exit_status)
-		goto done;
-	    }
-
-	  if (opt_display)
-	    {
-	      gchar *title = get_options_string ();
-	      gchar *title_quoted = g_shell_quote (title);
-	      
-	      gchar *command = g_strdup_printf ("display -title %s %s",
-						title_quoted,
-						opt_output ? opt_output: tmpfile_name);
-	      if (!g_spawn_command_line_sync (command, NULL, NULL, &exit_status, &error))
-		fail ("When running ImageMagick 'display' command: %s\n",
-		      error->message);
-
-	      g_free (command);
-	      g_free (title);
-	      g_free (title_quoted);
-	      
-	      if (tmpfile_name)
-		{
-		  remove (tmpfile_name);
-         	  g_free (tmpfile_name);
-		  tmpfile_name = NULL;
-		}
-	      
-	      if (exit_status)
-		goto done;
-	    }
-        }
-  }
-
-done:
-  g_object_unref (context);
-  finalize ();
-
-  return exit_status ? 1 : 0;
-}
diff --git a/examples/pangox-view.c b/examples/pangox-view.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72e97603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/pangox-view.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "viewer.h"
+
+extern const PangoViewer pangox_viewer;
+
+const PangoViewer *viewers[] = {
+  &pangox_viewer,
+  NULL
+};
diff --git a/examples/pangoxft-view.c b/examples/pangoxft-view.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdf893f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/pangoxft-view.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "viewer.h"
+
+extern const PangoViewer pangoxft_viewer;
+
+const PangoViewer *viewers[] = {
+  &pangoxft_viewer,
+  NULL
+};
diff --git a/examples/renderdemo.c b/examples/renderdemo.c
index a0d3a5ea..85f0ddb7 100644
--- a/examples/renderdemo.c
+++ b/examples/renderdemo.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <pango/pango.h>
 
 #include "renderdemo.h"
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ HintMode opt_hinting = HINT_DEFAULT;
 PangoWrapMode opt_wrap = PANGO_WRAP_WORD_CHAR;
 gboolean opt_wrap_set = FALSE;
 const char *opt_pangorc = NULL;
+const PangoViewer *opt_viewer = NULL;
 
 /* Text (or markup) to render */
 static char *text;
@@ -66,12 +68,12 @@ void
 fail (const char *format, ...)
 {
   const char *msg;
-  
+
   va_list vap;
   va_start (vap, format);
   msg = g_strdup_vprintf (format, vap);
-  g_warning ("%s: %s\n", prog_name, msg);
-  
+  g_printerr ("%s: %s\n", prog_name, msg);
+
   exit (1);
 }
 
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ static PangoFontDescription *
 get_font_description (void)
 {
   PangoFontDescription *font_description = pango_font_description_from_string (opt_font);
-  
+
   if ((pango_font_description_get_set_fields (font_description) & PANGO_FONT_MASK_FAMILY) == 0)
     pango_font_description_set_family (font_description, DEFAULT_FONT_FAMILY);
 
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ make_layout(PangoContext *context,
   font_description = get_font_description ();
   if (size > 0)
     pango_font_description_set_size (font_description, size * PANGO_SCALE);
-    
+
   if (opt_width > 0)
     {
       pango_layout_set_wrap (layout, opt_wrap);
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ make_layout(PangoContext *context,
   base_dir = pango_context_get_base_dir (context);
   pango_layout_set_alignment (layout,
 			      base_dir == PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR ? PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT : PANGO_ALIGN_RIGHT);
-  
+
   pango_layout_set_font_description (layout, font_description);
 
   pango_font_description_free (font_description);
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ get_options_string (void)
     pango_font_description_unset_fields (font_description, PANGO_FONT_MASK_SIZE);
 
   font_name = pango_font_description_to_string (font_description);
-  result = g_strdup_printf ("%s: dpi=%d", font_name, opt_dpi);
+  result = g_strdup_printf ("%s: %s (%d dpi)", opt_viewer->name, font_name, opt_dpi);
   pango_font_description_free (font_description);
   g_free (font_name);
 
@@ -164,16 +166,15 @@ static void
 output_body (PangoContext   *context,
 	     const char     *text,
 	     RenderCallback  render_cb,
+	     gpointer        cb_context,
 	     gpointer        cb_data,
 	     int            *width,
-	     int            *height,
-	     gboolean        show_borders)
+	     int            *height)
 {
   PangoLayout *layout;
   PangoRectangle logical_rect;
   int size, start_size, end_size, increment;
-  int dy;
-  
+
   if (opt_waterfall)
     {
       start_size = 8;
@@ -188,25 +189,17 @@ output_body (PangoContext   *context,
 
   *width = 0;
   *height = 0;
-  dy = 0;
-  
+
   for (size = start_size; size <= end_size; size += increment)
     {
       layout = make_layout (context, text, size);
       pango_layout_get_extents (layout, NULL, &logical_rect);
-      
-      /* TODO: instead of these two calls, we really should call
-       * pango_layout_get_effective_width when that's implemented.
-       */
-      *width = MAX (*width, PANGO_PIXELS (pango_layout_get_width (layout)));
-      *width = MAX (*width, PANGO_PIXELS (logical_rect.width));
-
-      *height += PANGO_PIXELS (logical_rect.height);
 
       if (render_cb)
-	(*render_cb) (layout, 0, dy, cb_data, show_borders);
-      
-      dy += PANGO_PIXELS (logical_rect.height);
+	(*render_cb) (layout, 0, *height, cb_context, cb_data);
+
+      *width = MAX (*width, PANGO_PIXELS (logical_rect.x + logical_rect.width));
+      *height += PANGO_PIXELS (logical_rect.height);
 
       g_object_unref (layout);
     }
@@ -215,11 +208,12 @@ output_body (PangoContext   *context,
 static void
 set_transform (PangoContext     *context,
 	       TransformCallback transform_cb,
+	       gpointer          cb_context,
 	       gpointer          cb_data,
 	       PangoMatrix      *matrix)
 {
   if (transform_cb)
-    (*transform_cb) (context, matrix, cb_data);
+    (*transform_cb) (context, matrix, cb_context, cb_data);
   else
     pango_context_set_matrix (context, matrix);
 }
@@ -228,10 +222,10 @@ void
 do_output (PangoContext     *context,
 	   RenderCallback    render_cb,
 	   TransformCallback transform_cb,
+	   gpointer          cb_context,
 	   gpointer          cb_data,
 	   int              *width_out,
-	   int              *height_out,
-	   gboolean          show_borders)
+	   int              *height_out)
 {
   PangoLayout *layout;
   PangoRectangle logical_rect;
@@ -246,40 +240,40 @@ do_output (PangoContext     *context,
   double minx, miny;
   double maxx, maxy;
   int width, height;
-  
+
   width = 0;
   height = 0;
 
-  set_transform (context, transform_cb, cb_data, NULL);
-  
+  set_transform (context, transform_cb, cb_context, cb_data, NULL);
+
   pango_context_set_language (context, pango_language_from_string ("en_US"));
   pango_context_set_base_dir (context,
 			      opt_rtl ? PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL : PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR);
-  
+
   if (opt_header)
     {
       char *options_string = get_options_string ();
       layout = make_layout (context, options_string, 10);
       pango_layout_get_extents (layout, NULL, &logical_rect);
-      
+
       width = MAX (width, PANGO_PIXELS (logical_rect.width));
       height += PANGO_PIXELS (logical_rect.height);
-      
+
       if (render_cb)
-	(*render_cb) (layout, x, y, cb_data, show_borders);
-      
+	(*render_cb) (layout, x, y, cb_context, cb_data);
+
       y += PANGO_PIXELS (logical_rect.height);
-      
+
       g_object_unref (layout);
       g_free (options_string);
     }
 
   pango_matrix_rotate (&matrix, opt_rotate);
 
-  set_transform (context, transform_cb, cb_data, &matrix);
-  
-  output_body (context, text, NULL, NULL, &rotated_width, &rotated_height, show_borders);
-  
+  set_transform (context, transform_cb, cb_context, cb_data, &matrix);
+
+  output_body (context, text, NULL, NULL, NULL, &rotated_width, &rotated_height);
+
   transform_point (&matrix, 0,             0,              &p1x, &p1y);
   transform_point (&matrix, rotated_width, 0,              &p2x, &p2y);
   transform_point (&matrix, rotated_width, rotated_height, &p3x, &p3y);
@@ -294,10 +288,10 @@ do_output (PangoContext     *context,
   matrix.x0 = x - minx;
   matrix.y0 = y - miny;
 
-  set_transform (context, transform_cb, cb_data, &matrix);
-  
+  set_transform (context, transform_cb, cb_context, cb_data, &matrix);
+
   if (render_cb)
-    output_body (context, text, render_cb, cb_data, &rotated_width, &rotated_height, show_borders);
+    output_body (context, text, render_cb, cb_context, cb_data, &rotated_width, &rotated_height);
 
   width = MAX (width, maxx - minx);
   height += maxy - miny;
@@ -312,23 +306,6 @@ do_output (PangoContext     *context,
 }
 
 
-/* This function gets called to convert a matched pattern into what
- * we'll use to actually load the font. We turn off hinting since we
- * want metrics that are independent of scale.
- */
-void
-fc_substitute_func (FcPattern *pattern, gpointer   data)
-{
-  if (opt_hinting != HINT_DEFAULT)
-    {
-      FcPatternDel (pattern, FC_HINTING);
-      FcPatternAddBool (pattern, FC_HINTING, opt_hinting != HINT_NONE);
-      
-      FcPatternDel (pattern, FC_AUTOHINT);
-      FcPatternAddBool (pattern, FC_AUTOHINT, opt_hinting == HINT_AUTO);
-    }
-}
-
 static gboolean
 parse_ellipsis (const char *name,
 		const char *arg,
@@ -341,7 +318,7 @@ parse_ellipsis (const char *name,
 
   if (!class)
     class = g_type_class_ref (PANGO_TYPE_ELLIPSIZE_MODE);
-  
+
   value = g_enum_get_value_by_nick (class, arg);
   if (value)
     opt_ellipsize = value->value;
@@ -362,7 +339,7 @@ parse_hinting (const char *name,
 {
   static GEnumClass *class = NULL;
   gboolean ret = TRUE;
-  
+
   if (!class)
     class = g_type_class_ref (PANGO_TYPE_ELLIPSIZE_MODE);
 
@@ -381,7 +358,6 @@ parse_hinting (const char *name,
   return ret;
 }
 
-
 static gboolean
 parse_wrap (const char *name,
 	       const char *arg,
@@ -391,7 +367,7 @@ parse_wrap (const char *name,
   static GEnumClass *class = NULL;
   gboolean ret = TRUE;
   GEnumValue *value;
-  
+
   if (!class)
     class = g_type_class_ref (PANGO_TYPE_WRAP_MODE);
 
@@ -410,48 +386,84 @@ parse_wrap (const char *name,
   return ret;
 }
 
+static gboolean
+parse_backend (const char *name,
+	       const char *arg,
+	       gpointer    data,
+	       GError    **error)
+{
+  gboolean ret = TRUE;
+  const PangoViewer **viewer;
+
+  for (viewer = viewers; *viewer; viewer++)
+    if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp ((*viewer)->id, arg))
+      break;
+
+  if (*viewer)
+    opt_viewer = *viewer;
+  else
+    {
+      GString *backends = g_string_new (NULL);
+
+      for (viewer = viewers; *viewer; viewer++)
+        if ((*viewer)->id)
+	  {
+	    g_string_append (backends, (*viewer)->id);
+	    g_string_append_c (backends, '/');
+	  }
+      g_string_truncate (backends, MAX (0, (gint)backends->len - 1));
+
+      fail ("available --backend options are: %s", g_string_free (backends, FALSE));
+      ret = FALSE;
+    }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
 
 void
 parse_options (int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-  GOptionEntry entries[] = 
+  GOptionEntry entries[] =
   {
     {"no-auto-dir",	0, G_OPTION_FLAG_REVERSE, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE,	&opt_auto_dir,
      "No layout direction according to contents",			NULL},
+    {"backend",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK,			&parse_backend,
+     "Pango backend to use for rendering",				"id"},
     {"no-display",	'q', G_OPTION_FLAG_REVERSE, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE,	&opt_display,
      "Do not display (just save to file or whatever)",			NULL},
     {"dpi",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT,				&opt_dpi,
-     "Set the resolution", 						NULL},  
+     "Set the resolution",					    "number"},
     {"ellipsize",	0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK,			&parse_ellipsis,
-     "Ellipsization mode",  "start/middle/end"				    },  
+     "Ellipsization mode",				  "start/middle/end"},
     {"font",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_STRING,			&opt_font,
-     "Set the font description", 					NULL},  
+     "Set the font description",			       "description"},
     {"header",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE,			&opt_header,
      "Display the options in the output",				NULL},
     {"hinting",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK,			&parse_hinting,
-     "Hinting style",	"none/auto/full"				    },  
+     "Hinting style",					    "none/auto/full"},
     {"indent",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT,				&opt_indent,
-     "Width in points to indent paragraphs", 				NULL},  
+     "Width in points to indent paragraphs", 			    "points"},
     {"margin",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT,				&opt_margin,
-     "Set the margin on the output in pixels", 				NULL},  
+     "Set the margin on the output in pixels",			    "pixels"},
     {"markup",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE,			&opt_markup,
      "Interpret text as Pango markup", 					NULL},
-    {"output",		'o', 0,G_OPTION_ARG_STRING,			&opt_output,
-     "Save rendered image to output file", 				NULL},  
+    {"output",		'o', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_STRING,			&opt_output,
+     "Save rendered image to output file", 			      "file"},
     {"pangorc",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_STRING,			&opt_pangorc,
-     "pangorc file to use (default is ./pangorc)", 			NULL},  
+     "pangorc file to use (default is ./pangorc)",		      "file"},
     {"rtl",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE,			&opt_rtl,
      "Set base direction to right-to-left", 				NULL},
     {"rotate",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT,				&opt_rotate,
-     "Angle at which to rotate results", 				NULL},  
+     "Angle at which to rotate results",		 	   "degrees"},
     {"runs",		'n', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT,			&opt_runs,
-     "Run Pango layout engine this many times", 			NULL},  
+     "Run Pango layout engine this many times",			   "integer"},
     {"text",		't', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_STRING,			&opt_text,
-     "Text to display (instead of a file)", 				NULL},  
+     "Text to display (instead of a file)", 			    "string"},
     {"waterfall",	0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE,			&opt_waterfall,
      "Create a waterfall display", 					NULL},
     {"width",		'w', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT,			&opt_width,
-     "Width in points to which to wrap output", 			NULL},  
+     "Width in points to which to wrap output",			    "points"},
     {"wrap",		0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK,			&parse_wrap,
      "Text wrapping mode (needs a width to be set), ", "word/char/word-char"},
     {NULL}
@@ -488,6 +500,14 @@ parse_options (int argc, char *argv[])
       exit (1);
     }
 
+  /* set up the backend */
+  if (!opt_viewer)
+    {
+      opt_viewer = *viewers;
+      if (!opt_viewer)
+        fail ("No viewer backend found");
+    }
+
   /* if wrap mode is set then width must be set */
   if (opt_width < 0 && opt_wrap_set)
     {
@@ -508,7 +528,7 @@ parse_options (int argc, char *argv[])
       if (!g_utf8_validate (text, len, NULL))
 	fail ("Text is not valid UTF-8");
     }
-  
+
   /* Strip trailing whitespace
    */
   p = text + len;
diff --git a/examples/renderdemo.h b/examples/renderdemo.h
index f18636a2..c7d0b49f 100644
--- a/examples/renderdemo.h
+++ b/examples/renderdemo.h
@@ -18,9 +18,12 @@
  * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  */
+#ifndef RENDERDEMO_H
+#define RENDERDEMO_H
 
 #include <pango/pango-layout.h>
-#include <pango/pangofc-fontmap.h>
+
+#include "viewer.h"
 
 typedef enum {
   HINT_DEFAULT,
@@ -32,11 +35,12 @@ typedef enum {
 typedef void (*RenderCallback) (PangoLayout *layout,
 				int          x,
 				int          y,
-				gpointer     data,
-				gboolean     show_borders);
+				gpointer     cb_context,
+				gpointer     cb_data);
 typedef void (*TransformCallback) (PangoContext *context,
 				   PangoMatrix  *transform,
-				   gpointer      data);
+				   gpointer      cb_context,
+				   gpointer      cb_data);
 
 void fail (const char *format, ...) G_GNUC_PRINTF (1, 2) G_GNUC_NORETURN;
 
@@ -45,22 +49,18 @@ void   parse_options      (int               argc,
 void   do_output          (PangoContext     *context,
 			   RenderCallback    render_cb,
 			   TransformCallback transform_cb,
+			   gpointer          cb_context,
 			   gpointer          cb_data,
 			   int              *width,
-			   int              *height,
-			   gboolean          show_borders);
+			   int              *height);
 void   finalize           (void);
-void   fc_substitute_func (FcPattern        *pattern,
-			   gpointer          data);
 gchar *get_options_string (void);
 
 extern const char *prog_name;
 
-extern gboolean opt_display;
-extern int opt_dpi;
+/* handled by renderdemo.c */
 extern const char *opt_font;
 extern gboolean opt_header;
-extern const char *opt_output;
 extern int opt_margin;
 extern int opt_markup;
 extern gboolean opt_rtl;
@@ -70,7 +70,17 @@ extern const char *opt_text;
 extern gboolean opt_waterfall;
 extern int opt_width;
 extern int opt_indent;
-extern int opt_runs;
 extern PangoEllipsizeMode opt_ellipsize;
-extern HintMode opt_hinting;
 extern const char *opt_pangorc;
+
+/* handled by view.c */
+extern gboolean opt_display;
+extern const char *opt_output;
+extern int opt_runs;
+extern const PangoViewer *opt_viewer;
+
+/* handled by backend-specific code */
+extern int opt_dpi;
+extern HintMode opt_hinting;
+
+#endif /* RENDERDEMO_H */
diff --git a/examples/viewer-cairo.c b/examples/viewer-cairo.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5743a22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/viewer-cairo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/* viewer-cairo.c: Common code for Cairo-based viewers
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "viewer-cairo.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CAIRO_XLIB
+#include "viewer-x.h"
+#include <cairo-xlib.h>
+
+static cairo_surface_t *
+x_cairo_view_create_surface (gpointer instance,
+			     gpointer surface,
+			     int      width,
+			     int      height)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *)instance;
+  Drawable drawable = (Drawable) surface;
+
+  return cairo_xlib_surface_create (x->display, drawable,
+				    DefaultVisual (x->display, x->screen),
+				    width, height);
+}
+
+static CairoViewerIface x_cairo_viewer_iface = {
+  &x_viewer,
+  x_cairo_view_create_surface
+};
+
+const CairoViewerIface *
+get_default_cairo_viewer_iface (void)
+{
+  return &x_cairo_viewer_iface;
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_CAIRO_XLIB */
diff --git a/examples/viewer-cairo.h b/examples/viewer-cairo.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e2adb84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/viewer-cairo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/* viewer-cairo.h: Common headers for Cairo-based viewers
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+#ifndef VIEWER_CAIRO_H
+#define VIEWER_CAIRO_H
+
+#include <cairo.h>
+
+#include "viewer.h"
+
+typedef struct _CairoViewerIface CairoViewerIface;
+
+struct _CairoViewerIface
+{
+  const PangoViewer *backend_class;
+
+  cairo_surface_t * (*create_surface) (gpointer instance,
+  				       gpointer surface,
+				       int      width,
+				       int      height);
+};
+
+const CairoViewerIface *get_default_cairo_viewer_iface (void);
+
+#endif /* VIEWER_CAIRO_H */
diff --git a/examples/viewer-main.c b/examples/viewer-main.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..377b625a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/viewer-main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/* viewer-main.c: Main routine for viewers
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+#include <config.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+#include <glib.h>
+#include <glib/gstdio.h>
+
+#include "viewer.h"
+#include "renderdemo.h"
+
+int
+main (int    argc,
+      char **argv)
+{
+  const PangoViewer *view;
+  gpointer instance;
+  PangoContext *context;
+  int run;
+  int width, height;
+  gpointer surface;
+  
+  g_type_init();
+  parse_options (argc, argv);
+  
+  view = opt_viewer;
+
+  g_assert (view->id);
+
+  instance = view->create (view);
+  context = view->get_context (instance);
+  do_output (context, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &width, &height);
+  surface = view->create_surface (instance, width, height);
+  for (run = 0; run < MAX(1,opt_runs); run++)
+    view->render (instance, surface, context, width, height, NULL);
+
+  if (opt_output)
+    {
+      if (!view->save)
+	fail ("%s viewer backend does not support saving", view->name);
+      else
+	{
+	  FILE *stream;
+
+	  if (view->save_suffix && g_str_has_suffix (opt_output, view->save_suffix))
+	    {
+	      stream = g_fopen (opt_output, "wb");
+	      if (!stream)
+		fail ("Cannot open output file %s: %s\n",
+		      opt_output, g_strerror (errno));
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      int fd;
+	      const gchar *convert_argv[4] = {"convert", "-", "%s"};
+	      GError *error;
+
+	      convert_argv[2] = opt_output;
+	      
+	      if (!g_spawn_async_with_pipes (NULL, (gchar **)convert_argv, NULL,
+					     G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH |
+					     G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL |
+					     G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL,
+					     NULL, NULL, NULL, &fd, NULL, NULL, &error))
+		fail ("When running ImageMagick 'convert' command: %s\n", error->message);
+	      stream = fdopen (fd, "wb");
+	    }
+	  view->save (instance, surface, stream, width, height);
+	  fclose (stream);
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (opt_display)
+    {
+      char *title;
+      title = get_options_string ();
+
+      if (view->display)
+        {
+	  gpointer window = NULL;
+	  gpointer state = NULL;
+
+	  if (view->create_window)
+	    window = view->create_window (instance, title, width, height);
+
+	  while (1)
+	    {
+	      state = view->display (instance, surface, window, width, height, state);
+	      if (!state)
+		break;
+
+	      view->render (instance, surface, context, width, height, state);
+	    }
+
+	  if (view->destroy_window)
+	    view->destroy_window (instance, window);
+	}
+      else
+        {
+	  int fd;
+	  FILE *stream;
+	  const gchar *display_argv[5] = {"display", "-title", "%s", "-"};
+	  GError *error;
+	  GPid pid;
+
+	  if (!view->save)
+	    fail ("%s viewer backend does not support displaying or saving", view->name);
+	  display_argv[2] = title;
+	  
+	  if (!g_spawn_async_with_pipes (NULL, (gchar **)display_argv, NULL,
+					 G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD |
+					 G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH |
+					 G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL |
+					 G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL,
+					 NULL, NULL, &pid, &fd, NULL, NULL, &error))
+	    fail ("When running ImageMagick 'display' command: %s\n", error->message);
+	  stream = fdopen (fd, "wb");
+	  view->save (instance, surface, stream, width, height);
+	  fclose (stream);
+	  waitpid (pid, NULL, 0);
+	  g_spawn_close_pid (pid);
+	}
+
+      g_free (title);
+    }
+
+  view->destroy_surface (instance, surface);
+  g_object_unref (context);
+  view->destroy (instance);
+  finalize ();
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/viewer-pangocairo.c b/examples/viewer-pangocairo.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1472aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/viewer-pangocairo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+/* viewer-pangocairo.c: PangoCairo viewer backend.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "renderdemo.h"
+#include "viewer-cairo.h"
+
+#include <pango/pangocairo.h>
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  const CairoViewerIface *iface;
+
+  gpointer backend;
+
+  PangoFontMap *fontmap;
+  cairo_font_options_t *font_options;
+} CairoViewer;
+
+/* TODO: hinting */
+static gpointer
+pangocairo_view_create (const PangoViewer *klass)
+{
+  CairoViewer *instance;
+
+  instance = g_slice_new (CairoViewer);
+
+  instance->iface = get_default_cairo_viewer_iface ();
+  instance->backend = instance->iface->backend_class->create (instance->iface->backend_class);
+
+  instance->fontmap = pango_cairo_font_map_get_default ();
+  pango_cairo_font_map_set_resolution (PANGO_CAIRO_FONT_MAP (instance->fontmap), opt_dpi);
+
+  instance->font_options = cairo_font_options_create ();
+  if (opt_hinting != HINT_DEFAULT)
+    {
+      cairo_font_options_set_hint_metrics (instance->font_options, CAIRO_HINT_METRICS_ON);
+
+      if (opt_hinting == HINT_NONE)
+	cairo_font_options_set_hint_style (instance->font_options, CAIRO_HINT_STYLE_NONE);
+      else if (opt_hinting == HINT_FULL)
+	cairo_font_options_set_hint_style (instance->font_options, CAIRO_HINT_STYLE_FULL);
+    }
+
+  return instance;
+}
+
+static void 
+pangocairo_view_destroy (gpointer instance)
+{
+  CairoViewer *c = (CairoViewer *) instance;
+
+  cairo_font_options_destroy (c->font_options);
+
+  g_object_unref (c->fontmap);
+
+  c->iface->backend_class->destroy (c->backend);
+
+  g_slice_free (CairoViewer, c);
+}
+
+static PangoContext *
+pangocairo_view_get_context (gpointer instance)
+{
+  CairoViewer *c = (CairoViewer *) instance;
+  PangoContext *context;
+
+  context = pango_cairo_font_map_create_context (PANGO_CAIRO_FONT_MAP (c->fontmap));
+  pango_cairo_context_set_font_options (context, c->font_options);
+
+  return context;
+}
+
+typedef struct 
+{
+  gpointer backend;
+
+  cairo_surface_t *cairo;
+} CairoSurface;
+
+static gpointer
+pangocairo_view_create_surface (gpointer instance,
+			        int      width,
+				int      height)
+{
+  CairoViewer *c = (CairoViewer *) instance;
+  CairoSurface *surface;
+
+  surface = g_slice_new (CairoSurface);
+
+  surface->backend = c->iface->backend_class->create_surface (c->backend,
+							      width, height);
+
+  surface->cairo = c->iface->create_surface (c->backend,
+					     surface->backend,
+					     width, height);
+
+  return surface;
+}
+
+static void 
+pangocairo_view_destroy_surface (gpointer instance,
+				 gpointer surface)
+{
+  CairoViewer *c = (CairoViewer *) instance;
+  CairoSurface *c_surface = (CairoSurface *) surface;
+
+  c->iface->backend_class->destroy_surface (c->backend, c_surface->backend);
+  cairo_surface_destroy (c_surface->cairo);
+
+  g_slice_free (CairoSurface, surface);
+}
+
+static void
+render_callback (PangoLayout *layout,
+		 int          x,
+		 int          y,
+		 gpointer     context,
+		 gpointer     data)
+{
+  cairo_t *cr = (cairo_t *) context;
+  gboolean show_borders = GPOINTER_TO_UINT (data) == 0xdeadbeef;
+
+  cairo_move_to (cr, x, y);
+  pango_cairo_show_layout (cr,
+			   layout);
+
+  if (show_borders)
+    {
+      PangoRectangle ink, logical;
+      double lw = cairo_get_line_width (cr);
+      
+      pango_layout_get_extents (layout, &ink, &logical);
+
+      cairo_save (cr);
+      cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.75);
+
+      cairo_rectangle (cr,
+		       (double)logical.x / PANGO_SCALE - lw / 2,
+		       (double)logical.y / PANGO_SCALE - lw / 2,
+		       (double)logical.width / PANGO_SCALE + lw,
+		       (double)logical.height / PANGO_SCALE + lw);
+      cairo_stroke (cr);
+      
+      cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.75);
+
+      cairo_rectangle (cr,
+		       (double)ink.x / PANGO_SCALE - lw / 2,
+		       (double)ink.y / PANGO_SCALE - lw / 2,
+		       (double)ink.width / PANGO_SCALE + lw,
+		       (double)ink.height / PANGO_SCALE + lw);
+      cairo_stroke (cr);
+
+      cairo_restore (cr);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+transform_callback (PangoContext *context,
+		    PangoMatrix  *matrix,
+		    gpointer      cr_context,
+		    gpointer      state)
+{
+  cairo_t *cr = (cairo_t *)cr_context;
+  cairo_matrix_t cairo_matrix;
+
+  if (matrix)
+    {
+      cairo_matrix.xx = matrix->xx;
+      cairo_matrix.yx = matrix->yx;
+      cairo_matrix.xy = matrix->xy;
+      cairo_matrix.yy = matrix->yy;
+      cairo_matrix.x0 = matrix->x0;
+      cairo_matrix.y0 = matrix->y0;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      cairo_matrix_init_identity (&cairo_matrix);
+    }
+
+  cairo_set_matrix (cr, &cairo_matrix);
+      
+  pango_context_set_matrix (context, matrix);
+  pango_cairo_update_context (cr, context);
+}
+
+static void 
+pangocairo_view_render (gpointer      instance,
+			gpointer      surface,
+			PangoContext *context,
+			int           width,
+			int           height,
+			gpointer      state)
+{
+  cairo_t *cr;
+  CairoSurface *c_surface = (CairoSurface *) surface;
+
+  if (!surface)
+    {
+      cairo_surface_t *cs;
+      /* This is annoying ... we have to create a temporary surface just to
+       * get the extents of the text.
+       */
+      cs = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24, 1, 1);
+      cr = cairo_create (cs);
+      cairo_surface_destroy (cs);
+    }
+  else
+    cr = cairo_create (c_surface->cairo);
+
+  transform_callback (context, NULL, cr, state);
+
+  cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+  cairo_paint (cr);
+  
+  cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+  do_output (context, render_callback, transform_callback, cr, state, NULL, NULL);
+
+  cairo_destroy (cr);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CAIRO_PNG
+static cairo_status_t
+write_func (void                *closure,
+	    const unsigned char *data,
+	    unsigned int         length)
+{
+  FILE *stream = (FILE *) closure;
+  unsigned int l;
+
+  l = fwrite (data, 1, length, stream);
+
+  return l == length ? CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS : CAIRO_STATUS_WRITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+static void
+pangocairo_view_save (gpointer instance,
+		      gpointer surface,
+		      FILE    *stream,
+		      int      width,
+		      int      height)
+{
+  CairoSurface *c_surface = (CairoSurface *) surface;
+
+  cairo_surface_write_to_png_stream (c_surface->cairo, write_func, stream);
+}
+#endif
+
+static gpointer
+pangocairo_view_create_window (gpointer    instance,
+			       const char *title,
+			       int         width,
+			       int         height)
+{
+  CairoViewer *c = (CairoViewer *) instance;
+
+  return c->iface->backend_class->create_window (c->backend,
+						 title,
+						 width, height);
+}
+
+static void
+pangocairo_view_destroy_window (gpointer instance,
+				gpointer window)
+{
+  CairoViewer *c = (CairoViewer *) instance;
+
+  c->iface->backend_class->destroy_window (c->backend,
+					   window);
+}
+
+static gpointer
+pangocairo_view_display (gpointer instance,
+			 gpointer surface,
+			 gpointer window,
+			 int width, int height,
+			 gpointer state)
+{
+  CairoViewer *c = (CairoViewer *) instance;
+  CairoSurface *c_surface = (CairoSurface *) surface;
+
+  return c->iface->backend_class->display (c->backend,
+					   c_surface->backend,
+					   window,
+					   width, height,
+					   state);
+}
+
+const PangoViewer pangocairo_viewer = {
+  "PangoCairo",
+  "cairo",
+  NULL,
+  pangocairo_view_create,
+  pangocairo_view_destroy,
+  pangocairo_view_get_context,
+  pangocairo_view_create_surface,
+  pangocairo_view_destroy_surface,
+  pangocairo_view_render,
+#ifdef HAVE_CAIRO_PNG
+  pangocairo_view_save,
+#else
+  NULL,
+#endif
+  pangocairo_view_create_window,
+  pangocairo_view_destroy_window,
+  pangocairo_view_display
+};
diff --git a/examples/viewer-pangoft2.c b/examples/viewer-pangoft2.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..372ccb30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/viewer-pangoft2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/* viewer-pangoft2.c: PangoFT2 viewer backend.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "renderdemo.h"
+#include "viewer.h"
+
+#include <pango/pangoft2.h>
+
+static void
+substitute_func (FcPattern *pattern,
+		 gpointer   data)
+{
+  if (opt_hinting != HINT_DEFAULT)
+    {
+      FcPatternDel (pattern, FC_HINTING);
+      FcPatternAddBool (pattern, FC_HINTING, opt_hinting != HINT_NONE);
+      
+      FcPatternDel (pattern, FC_AUTOHINT);
+      FcPatternAddBool (pattern, FC_AUTOHINT, opt_hinting == HINT_AUTO);
+    }
+}
+
+static gpointer
+pangoft2_view_create (const PangoViewer *klass)
+{
+  PangoFontMap *fontmap;
+  fontmap = pango_ft2_font_map_new ();
+
+  pango_ft2_font_map_set_resolution (PANGO_FT2_FONT_MAP (fontmap), opt_dpi, opt_dpi);
+  pango_ft2_font_map_set_default_substitute (PANGO_FT2_FONT_MAP (fontmap), substitute_func, NULL, NULL);
+
+  return fontmap;
+}
+
+static void 
+pangoft2_view_destroy (gpointer instance)
+{
+  g_object_unref (instance);
+}
+
+static PangoContext *
+pangoft2_view_get_context (gpointer instance)
+{
+  return pango_ft2_font_map_create_context (PANGO_FT2_FONT_MAP (instance));
+}
+
+static gpointer
+pangoft2_view_create_surface (gpointer instance,
+			      int      width,
+			      int      height)
+{
+  FT_Bitmap *bitmap;
+
+  bitmap = g_slice_new (FT_Bitmap);
+  bitmap->width = width;
+  bitmap->pitch = (bitmap->width + 3) & ~3;
+  bitmap->rows = height;
+  bitmap->buffer = g_malloc (bitmap->pitch * bitmap->rows);
+  bitmap->num_grays = 256;
+  bitmap->pixel_mode = ft_pixel_mode_grays;
+  memset (bitmap->buffer, 0x00, bitmap->pitch * bitmap->rows);
+
+  return bitmap;
+}
+
+static void 
+pangoft2_view_destroy_surface (gpointer instance,
+			       gpointer surface)
+{
+  FT_Bitmap *bitmap = (FT_Bitmap *) surface;
+
+  g_free (bitmap->buffer);
+  g_slice_free (FT_Bitmap, bitmap);
+}
+
+static void
+render_callback (PangoLayout *layout,
+		 int          x,
+		 int          y,
+		 gpointer     context,
+		 gpointer     state)
+{
+  pango_ft2_render_layout ((FT_Bitmap *)context,
+			   layout,
+			   x, y);
+}
+
+static void 
+pangoft2_view_render (gpointer      instance,
+		      gpointer      surface,
+		      PangoContext *context,
+		      int           width,
+		      int           height,
+		      gpointer      state)
+{
+  int pix_idx;
+  FT_Bitmap *bitmap = (FT_Bitmap *) surface;
+
+  do_output (context, render_callback, NULL, surface, state, NULL, NULL);
+
+  for (pix_idx=0; pix_idx<bitmap->pitch * bitmap->rows; pix_idx++)
+    bitmap->buffer[pix_idx] = 255 - bitmap->buffer[pix_idx];
+}
+
+static void
+pangoft2_view_save (gpointer instance,
+		    gpointer surface,
+		    FILE    *stream,
+		    int      width,
+		    int      height)
+{
+  int row;
+  FT_Bitmap *bitmap = (FT_Bitmap *) surface;
+
+  /* Write it as pgm to output */
+  fprintf(stream,
+	  "P5\n"
+	  "%d %d\n"
+	  "255\n", width, height);
+  for (row = 0; row < height; row++)
+    fwrite(bitmap->buffer + row * bitmap->pitch, 1, width, stream);
+}
+
+const PangoViewer pangoft2_viewer = {
+  "PangoFT2",
+  "ft2",
+  ".pgm",
+  pangoft2_view_create,
+  pangoft2_view_destroy,
+  pangoft2_view_get_context,
+  pangoft2_view_create_surface,
+  pangoft2_view_destroy_surface,
+  pangoft2_view_render,
+  pangoft2_view_save,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL
+};
diff --git a/examples/viewer-pangox.c b/examples/viewer-pangox.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4d499af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/viewer-pangox.c
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/* viewer-pangox.c: PangoX viewer backend.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "renderdemo.h"
+#include "viewer-x.h"
+
+#include <pango/pangox.h>
+
+static void 
+pangox_view_destroy (gpointer instance)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *)instance;
+
+  pango_x_shutdown_display (x->display);
+
+  x_view_destroy (instance);
+}
+
+static PangoContext *
+pangox_view_get_context (gpointer instance)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *) instance;
+
+  return pango_x_get_context (x->display);
+}
+
+typedef struct 
+{
+  XViewer *x;
+  Drawable drawable;
+  GC gc;
+} MyXContext;
+
+static void
+render_callback (PangoLayout *layout,
+		 int          x,
+		 int          y,
+		 gpointer     context,
+		 gpointer     state)
+{
+  MyXContext *x_context = (MyXContext *) context;
+
+  pango_x_render_layout (x_context->x->display,
+			 x_context->drawable,
+			 x_context->gc,
+			 layout,
+			 x, y);
+}
+
+static void 
+pangox_view_render (gpointer      instance,
+		    gpointer      surface,
+		    PangoContext *context,
+		    int           width,
+		    int           height,
+		    gpointer      state)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *) instance;
+  Pixmap pixmap = (Pixmap) surface;
+  GC gc;
+  MyXContext x_context;
+
+  gc = XCreateGC (x->display, pixmap, 0, NULL);
+
+  XSetForeground(x->display, gc, WhitePixel(x->display, x->screen));
+  XFillRectangle (x->display, pixmap, gc, 0, 0, width, height);
+
+  x_context.x = x;
+  x_context.drawable = pixmap;
+  x_context.gc = gc;
+
+  XSetForeground(x->display, gc, BlackPixel(x->display, x->screen));
+  do_output (context, render_callback, NULL, &x_context, state, NULL, NULL);
+
+  XFlush(x->display);
+
+  XFreeGC (x->display, gc);
+}
+
+const PangoViewer pangox_viewer = {
+  "PangoX",
+  "x",
+  NULL,
+  x_view_create,
+  pangox_view_destroy,
+  pangox_view_get_context,
+  x_view_create_surface,
+  x_view_destroy_surface,
+  pangox_view_render,
+  NULL,
+  x_view_create_window,
+  x_view_destroy_window,
+  x_view_display
+};
diff --git a/examples/viewer-pangoxft.c b/examples/viewer-pangoxft.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..497c17af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/viewer-pangoxft.c
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/* viewer-pangoxft.c: PangoXft viewer backend.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "renderdemo.h"
+#include "viewer-x.h"
+
+#include <pango/pangoxft.h>
+
+static void
+default_substitute (FcPattern *pattern,
+		    gpointer   data)
+{
+  FcPatternDel (pattern, FC_DPI);
+  FcPatternAddInteger (pattern, FC_DPI, opt_dpi);
+
+  if (opt_hinting != HINT_DEFAULT)
+    {
+      FcPatternDel (pattern, FC_HINTING);
+      FcPatternAddBool (pattern, FC_HINTING, opt_hinting != HINT_NONE);
+      
+      FcPatternDel (pattern, FC_AUTOHINT);
+      FcPatternAddBool (pattern, FC_AUTOHINT, opt_hinting == HINT_AUTO);
+    }
+}
+
+static gpointer
+pangoxft_view_create (const PangoViewer *klass)
+{
+  XViewer *instance;
+
+  instance = x_view_create (klass);
+
+  XftInit (NULL);
+
+  pango_xft_set_default_substitute (instance->display, instance->screen,
+				    default_substitute, NULL, NULL);
+
+  return instance;
+}
+
+static void 
+pangoxft_view_destroy (gpointer instance)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *)instance;
+
+  pango_xft_shutdown_display (x->display, x->screen);
+
+  x_view_destroy (instance);
+}
+
+static PangoContext *
+pangoxft_view_get_context (gpointer instance)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *) instance;
+
+  return pango_xft_get_context (x->display, x->screen);
+}
+
+typedef struct 
+{
+  XftDraw *draw;
+  XftColor color;
+} MyXftContext;
+
+static void
+render_callback (PangoLayout *layout,
+		 int          x,
+		 int          y,
+		 gpointer     context,
+		 gpointer     state)
+{
+  MyXftContext *xft_context = (MyXftContext *) context;
+
+  pango_xft_render_layout (xft_context->draw,
+			   &xft_context->color,
+			   layout,
+			   x, y);
+}
+
+static void 
+pangoxft_view_render (gpointer      instance,
+		      gpointer      surface,
+		      PangoContext *context,
+		      int           width,
+		      int           height,
+		      gpointer      state)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *) instance;
+  Pixmap pixmap = (Pixmap) surface;
+  MyXftContext xft_context;
+  XftDraw *draw;
+  XftColor color;
+
+  draw = XftDrawCreate (x->display, pixmap,
+			DefaultVisual (x->display, x->screen),
+			DefaultColormap (x->display, x->screen));
+
+  color.color.red = 0xffff;
+  color.color.blue = 0xffff;
+  color.color.green = 0xffff;
+  color.color.alpha = 0xffff;
+
+  XftDrawRect (draw, &color, 0, 0, width, height);
+
+  color.color.red = 0x0;
+  color.color.green = 0x0;
+  color.color.blue = 0x0;
+  color.color.alpha = 0xffff;
+
+  xft_context.draw = draw;
+  xft_context.color = color;
+
+  do_output (context, render_callback, NULL, &xft_context, state, NULL, NULL);
+
+  XftDrawDestroy (draw);
+}
+
+const PangoViewer pangoxft_viewer = {
+  "PangoXft",
+  "xft",
+  NULL,
+  pangoxft_view_create,
+  pangoxft_view_destroy,
+  pangoxft_view_get_context,
+  x_view_create_surface,
+  x_view_destroy_surface,
+  pangoxft_view_render,
+  NULL,
+  x_view_create_window,
+  x_view_destroy_window,
+  x_view_display
+};
diff --git a/examples/viewer-qt.cc b/examples/viewer-qt.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ec8262f..00000000
--- a/examples/viewer-qt.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,528 +0,0 @@
-/* Pango
- * viewer-qt.cc: Example program to view a UTF-8 encoding file
- *               using Pango to render result.
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Red Hat Software
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
- * Library General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the
- * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
- * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
- */
-
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include <qapplication.h>
-#include <qcombobox.h>
-#include <qfile.h>
-#include <qfileinfo.h>
-#include <qmenubar.h>
-#include <qpainter.h>
-#include <qpopupmenu.h>
-#include <qspinbox.h>
-#include <qscrollview.h>
-#include <qstatusbar.h>
-#include <qtextcodec.h>
-#include <qtextstream.h>
-#include <qtoolbar.h>
-
-#include <pango/pango.h>
-#include <pango/pangox.h>
-
-#include "viewer-qt.h"
-
-ViewerPara::ViewerPara (PangoContext *context, const QString &text)
-{
-  text_ = text.utf8();
-  
-  layout_ = pango_layout_new (context);
-  pango_layout_set_text (layout_, (char *)(const char *)text_, text_.length());
-  height_ = -1;
-}
-
-ViewerPara::~ViewerPara ()
-{
-  g_object_unref (G_OBJECT (layout_));
-}
-
-void
-ViewerPara::setWidth (int width)
-{
-  pango_layout_set_width (layout_, width * PANGO_SCALE);
-  height_ = -1;
-}
-
-void
-ViewerPara::contextChanged ()
-{
-  pango_layout_context_changed (layout_);
-  height_ = -1;
-
-  PangoContext *context;
-  PangoAlignment align;
-  
-  context = pango_layout_get_context (layout_);
-  if (pango_context_get_base_dir (context) == PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR)
-    align = PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT;
-  else
-    align = PANGO_ALIGN_RIGHT;
-
-  pango_layout_set_alignment (layout_, align);
-}
-
-int 
-ViewerPara::height ()
-{
-  if (height_ < 0)
-    {
-      PangoRectangle logical_rect;
-      
-      pango_layout_get_extents (layout_, NULL, &logical_rect);
-      height_ = logical_rect.height / PANGO_SCALE;
-    }
-
-  return height_;
-}
-
-void 
-ViewerPara::draw (QPainter *painter, GC gc, int y)
-{
-  QPoint devicePt = painter->xForm (QPoint (0, y));
-	  
-  pango_x_render_layout (painter->device()->x11Display(),
-			 painter->device()->handle(),
-			 gc, layout_, 0, devicePt.y());
-}
-
-gunichar 
-ViewerPara::getChar (int index)
-{
-  gunichar result;
-
-  return g_utf8_get_char ((const char *)text_ + index);
-}
-
-QRect 
-ViewerPara::charBounds (int index)
-{
-  PangoRectangle pos;
-
-  pango_layout_index_to_pos (layout_, index, &pos);
-  
-  return QRect (MIN (pos.x, pos.x + pos.width) / PANGO_SCALE,
-		pos.y / PANGO_SCALE,
-		ABS (pos.width) / PANGO_SCALE,
-		pos.height / PANGO_SCALE);
-}
-
-int 
-ViewerPara::findPoint (int x, int y)
-{
-  int index;
-
-  bool result = pango_layout_xy_to_index (layout_,
-					  x * PANGO_SCALE, y * PANGO_SCALE,
-					  &index, NULL);
-  if (result)
-    return index;
-  else
-    return -1;
-}
-
-ViewerView::ViewerView (QWidget *parent, QStatusBar *status) : QScrollView (parent)
-{
-  status_ = status;
-  
-  viewport()->setBackgroundMode( QWidget::PaletteBase );
-  
-  setHScrollBarMode (QScrollView::AlwaysOff);
-
-  context_ = pango_x_get_context (x11Display());
-  pango_context_set_language (context_, pango_language_from_string ("en-us"));
-
-  highlight_para_ = NULL;
-  highlight_index_ = 0;
-}
-
-ViewerView::~ViewerView ()
-{
-  g_object_unref (G_OBJECT (context_));
-}
-
-void
-ViewerView::readFile (const QString &name)
-{
-  QFile file (name);
-  
-  if (!file.open (IO_ReadOnly))
-    {
-      fprintf (stderr, "Cannot open file '%s'\n", (const char *)name.local8Bit());
-      return;
-    }
-  
-  QTextStream ts (&file);;
-
-  ts.setCodec (QTextCodec::codecForName ("utf8"));
-
-  while (!ts.atEnd())
-    paragraphs_.append (new ViewerPara (context (), ts.readLine()));
-}
-
-void
-ViewerView::contextChanged ()
-{
-  QListIterator<ViewerPara> it(paragraphs_);
-  for (; it.current(); ++it)
-    it.current()->contextChanged();
-
-  computeHeight();
-  updateContents (0, 0, contentsWidth(), contentsHeight());
-}
-
-void
-ViewerView::setFontDesc (PangoFontDescription *font_desc)
-{
-  pango_context_set_font_description (context_, font_desc);
-  contextChanged();
-}
-
-void
-ViewerView::setDirection (PangoDirection base_dir)
-{
-  QListIterator<ViewerPara> it(paragraphs_);
-  for (; it.current(); ++it)
-    it.current()->contextChanged();
-
-  pango_context_set_base_dir (context_, base_dir);
-  contextChanged();
-}
-
-void 
-ViewerView::drawContents (QPainter *p, int clipx, int clipy, int clipw, int cliph)
-{
-  XGCValues values;
-  QRect clip = p->xForm (QRect (clipx, clipy, clipw, cliph));
-
-  GC gc = XCreateGC (x11Display(), handle(), 0, &values);
-
-  XSetForeground (x11Display(), gc, colorGroup().text().pixel());
-  
-  XRectangle xclip = { clip.x(), clip.y(), clip.width(), clip.height() };
-  XSetClipRectangles (x11Display(), gc, 0, 0, &xclip, 1, YXBanded);
-
-  int y = 0;
-  QListIterator<ViewerPara> it(paragraphs_);
-  for (; it.current(); ++it)
-    {
-      ViewerPara *para = it.current();
-      int y_end = y + para->height ();
-
-      if (y_end > clipy && y < clipy + cliph)
-	para->draw (p, gc, y);
-
-      if (para == highlight_para_)
-	{
-	  QRect bounds = highlight_para_->charBounds (highlight_index_);
-	  bounds.moveBy (0, y);
-	  bounds = p->xForm (bounds);
-
-	  XRectangle xbounds = { bounds.x(), bounds.y(), bounds.width(), bounds.height() };
-
-	  XFillRectangle (x11Display(), p->device()->handle(), gc,
-			  xbounds.x, xbounds.y, xbounds.width, xbounds.height);
-
-	  XSetClipRectangles (x11Display(), gc, 0, 0, &xbounds, 1, YXBanded);
-	  XSetForeground (x11Display(), gc, colorGroup().base().pixel());
-	  
-	  para->draw (p, gc, y);
-
-	  XSetForeground (x11Display(), gc, colorGroup().text().pixel());
-	  XSetClipRectangles (x11Display(), gc, 0, 0, &xclip, 1, YXBanded);
-	}
-      
-      y = y_end;
-    }
-
-  XFreeGC (x11Display(), gc);
-}
-
-void
-ViewerView::computeHeight ()
-{
-  int width = visibleWidth();
-  int height = 0;
-
-  QListIterator<ViewerPara> it(paragraphs_);
-  for (; it.current(); ++it)
-    {
-      ViewerPara *para = it.current();
-      para->setWidth (width);
-      height += para->height ();
-    }
-
-  resizeContents (width, height);
-  repaintContents (0, 0, contentsWidth(), contentsHeight());
-}
-
-void 
-ViewerView::viewportResizeEvent (QResizeEvent *event)
-{
-  computeHeight ();
-}
-
-void
-ViewerView::updateHighlightChar ()
-{
-  if (highlight_para_)
-    {
-      int y = 0;
-      QListIterator<ViewerPara> it(paragraphs_);
-      
-      for (; it.current(); ++it)
-	{
-	  ViewerPara *para = it.current();
-	  if (para == highlight_para_)
-	    {
-	      QRect bounds = para->charBounds (highlight_index_);
-	      bounds.moveBy (0, y);
-	      updateContents (bounds.x(), bounds.y(), bounds.width(), bounds.height());
-	      
-	      break;
-	    }
-	  
-	  y += para->height ();
-	}
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ViewerView::contentsMousePressEvent (QMouseEvent *event)
-{
-  updateHighlightChar ();
-  highlight_para_ = NULL;
-  
-  int y = 0;
-  QListIterator<ViewerPara> it(paragraphs_);
-  for (; it.current(); ++it)
-    {
-      ViewerPara *para = it.current();
-      int y_end = y + para->height ();
-
-      if (y <= event->y() && event->y() < y_end)
-	{
-	  int index = para->findPoint (event->x(), event->y() - y);
-	  gunichar wc = para->getChar (index);
-
-	  if (index >= 0 && wc != (gunichar)-1)
-	    {
-	      highlight_para_ = para;
-	      highlight_index_ = index;
-	      
-	      if (status_)
-		{
-		  QString num = QString::number (wc, 16).rightJustify (4, '0');
-		  
-		  status_->message (QString ("Current char: U+") + num);
-		}
-	    }
-	  
-	  break;
-	}
-      y = y_end;
-    }
-
-  if (status_ && !highlight_para_)
-    status_->clear ();
-
-  updateHighlightChar();
-}
-
-static int
-cmp_families (const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-  const char *a_name = pango_font_family_get_name (*(PangoFontFamily **)a);
-  const char *b_name = pango_font_family_get_name (*(PangoFontFamily **)b);
-  
-  return strcmp (a_name, b_name);
-}
-
-ViewerWindow::ViewerWindow (const QString &filename)
-{
-  // Create menu
-
-  file_menu_ = new QPopupMenu (this);
-  file_menu_->setCheckable (true);
-  
-  menuBar()->insertItem ("&File", file_menu_);
-
-  file_menu_->insertItem( "&Quit", qApp, SLOT( closeAllWindows() ), CTRL+Key_Q );
-
-  right_to_left_item_ = file_menu_->insertItem( "&Right-to-Left", this, SLOT( setRightToLeft() ), 0 );
-
-  view_ = new ViewerView (this, new QStatusBar (this));
-  
-  setCentralWidget (view_);
-
-  // Create families combo box
-
-  QToolBar *toolbar = new QToolBar ("Font", this);
-
-  family_combo_ = new QComboBox (toolbar);
-
-  int n_families, i;
-
-  pango_context_list_families (view_->context(), &families_, &n_families);
-  qsort (families_, n_families, sizeof(PangoFontFamily *), cmp_families);
-
-  for (i=0; i<n_families; i++)
-    {
-      const char *name = pango_font_family_get_name (families_[i]);
-      
-      family_combo_->insertItem (name);
-      if (!strcmp (name, "sans"))
-	family_combo_->setCurrentItem (i);
-    }
-
-  QObject::connect (family_combo_, SIGNAL(activated(int)), this, SLOT(fillStyleCombo(int)));
-
-  faces_ = NULL;
-
-  style_combo_ = new QComboBox (toolbar);
-  fillStyleCombo (family_combo_->currentItem ());
-
-  size_box_ = new QSpinBox (1, 1000, 1, toolbar);
-  size_box_->setValue (16);
-
-  QObject::connect (family_combo_, SIGNAL(activated(int)), this, SLOT(fontChanged()));
-  QObject::connect (style_combo_, SIGNAL(activated(int)), this, SLOT(fontChanged()));
-  QObject::connect (size_box_, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)), this, SLOT(fontChanged()));
-
-  fontChanged ();
-
-  view_->readFile (filename);
-
-  resize (500, 500);
-}
-
-static int
-compare_font_descriptions (const PangoFontDescription *a, const PangoFontDescription *b)
-{
-  int val = strcmp (pango_font_description_get_family (a), pango_font_description_get_family (b));
-  if (val != 0)
-    return val;
-
-  if (pango_font_description_get_weight (a) != pango_font_description_get_weight (b))
-    return pango_font_description_get_weight (a) - pango_font_description_get_weight (b);
-
-  if (pango_font_description_get_style (a) != pango_font_description_get_style (b))
-    return pango_font_description_get_style (a) - pango_font_description_get_style (b);
-  
-  if (pango_font_description_get_stretch (a) != pango_font_description_get_stretch (b))
-    return pango_font_description_get_stretch (a) - pango_font_description_get_stretch (b);
-
-  if (pango_font_description_get_variant (a) != pango_font_description_get_variant (b))
-    return pango_font_description_get_variant (a) - pango_font_description_get_variant (b);
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-faces_sort_func (const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-  PangoFontDescription *desc_a = pango_font_face_describe (*(PangoFontFace **)a);
-  PangoFontDescription *desc_b = pango_font_face_describe (*(PangoFontFace **)b);
-  
-  int ord = compare_font_descriptions (desc_a, desc_b);
-
-  pango_font_description_free (desc_a);
-  pango_font_description_free (desc_b);
-
-  return ord;
-}
-
-void
-ViewerWindow::fillStyleCombo (int index)
-{
-  PangoFontFamily *family = families_[index];
-  int n_faces;
-
-  if (faces_)
-    g_free (faces_);
-
-  pango_font_family_list_faces (family, &faces_, &n_faces);
-
-  qsort (faces_, n_faces, sizeof(PangoFontFace *), faces_sort_func);
-
-  style_combo_->clear();
-  for (int i = 0; i < n_faces; i++)
-    {
-      const char *str = pango_font_face_get_face_name (faces_[i]);
-      style_combo_->insertItem (str);
-    }
-}
-
-void
-ViewerWindow::fontChanged ()
-{
-  PangoFontFace *face = faces_[style_combo_->currentItem()];
-
-  QString style = style_combo_->currentText();
-
-  PangoFontDescription *font_desc = pango_font_face_describe (face);
-  pango_font_description_set_size (font_desc, size_box_->value () * PANGO_SCALE);
-
-  view_->setFontDesc (font_desc);
-
-  pango_font_description_free (font_desc);
-}
-
-void 
-ViewerWindow::setRightToLeft ()
-{
-  bool new_value = !file_menu_->isItemChecked (right_to_left_item_);
-  
-  file_menu_->setItemChecked (right_to_left_item_, new_value);
-  view_->setDirection (new_value ? PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL : PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR);
-}
-
-ViewerWindow::~ViewerWindow ()
-{
-  delete view_;
-}
-
-int 
-main (int argc, char **argv)
-{
-  QApplication a (argc, argv);
-  const char *filename;
-
-  g_type_init ();
-  
-  if (QFileInfo ("./pangorc").exists ())
-    putenv ("PANGO_RC_FILE=./pangorc");
-
-  if (argc == 2)
-    filename = argv[1];
-  else
-    filename = "HELLO.utf8";
-    
-  ViewerWindow *vw = new ViewerWindow (QString::fromLocal8Bit (filename));
-
-  vw->show();
-
-  a.connect (&a, SIGNAL(lastWindowClosed()), &a, SLOT(quit()));
-  return a.exec ();
-}
-
diff --git a/examples/viewer-qt.h b/examples/viewer-qt.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 21307111..00000000
--- a/examples/viewer-qt.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-/* Pango
- * viewer-qt.cc: Example program to view a UTF-8 encoding file
- *               using Pango to render result.
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Red Hat Software
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
- * Library General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the
- * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
- * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
- */
-
-#include <qscrollview.h>
-#include <qlist.h>
-#include <qmainwindow.h>
-#include <pango/pango.h>
-
-class QComboBox;
-class QSpinBox;
-
-class ViewerPara 
-{
- public:
-  ViewerPara (PangoContext *context, const QString &text);
-  ~ViewerPara ();
-
-  void setWidth (int width);
-  void contextChanged ();
-  int height ();
-  void draw (QPainter *painter, GC gc, int y);
-  QRect charBounds (int index);
-  gunichar getChar (int index);
-  int findPoint (int x, int y);
-
- private:
-  QCString text_;
-  int height_;
-  PangoLayout *layout_;
-};
-
-class ViewerView : public QScrollView 
-{
-  Q_OBJECT
-
- public:
-
-  ViewerView::ViewerView (QWidget *parent, QStatusBar *status = NULL);
-  ~ViewerView ();
-
-  void readFile (const QString &name);
-  void setFontDesc (PangoFontDescription *font_desc);
-  void setDirection (PangoDirection base_dir);
-
-  void computeHeight ();
-
-  PangoContext *context() { return context_; }
-
- protected:
-  virtual void drawContents (QPainter *p, int clipx, int clipy, int clipw, int cliph);
-  virtual void viewportResizeEvent ( QResizeEvent *event );
-  virtual void contentsMousePressEvent (QMouseEvent *event);
-
- private:
-  void contextChanged ();
-  void updateHighlightChar ();
-
-  QStatusBar *status_;
-
-  PangoContext *context_;
-  QList<ViewerPara> paragraphs_;
-
-  ViewerPara *highlight_para_;
-  int highlight_index_;
-};
-
-class ViewerWindow : public QMainWindow 
-{
-  Q_OBJECT
-
- public:
-
-  ViewerWindow (const QString &filename);
-  ~ViewerWindow ();
-
- private:
-  ViewerView *view_;
-
-  PangoContext *context_;
-
-  QComboBox *family_combo_;
-  PangoFontFamily **families_;
-  
-  QComboBox *style_combo_;
-  PangoFontFace **faces_;
-  
-  QSpinBox *size_box_;
-
-  QPopupMenu *file_menu_;
-
-  int right_to_left_item_;
-
- private slots:
-    void fillStyleCombo (int index);
-    void fontChanged ();
-    void setRightToLeft ();
-};
diff --git a/examples/viewer-x.c b/examples/viewer-x.c
index 7327ab7f..772dd719 100644
--- a/examples/viewer-x.c
+++ b/examples/viewer-x.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* viewer-x.c: Common code X-based rendering demos
+/* viewer-x.c: Common code for X-based viewers
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
  * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
@@ -19,36 +19,81 @@
  * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  */
 #include <config.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include "viewer-x.h"
 #include "renderdemo.h"
+#include "viewer-x.h"
+
+void
+x_view_init (gpointer           instance,
+	     const PangoViewer *klass)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *)instance;
+
+  x->display = XOpenDisplay (NULL);
+  if (!x->display)
+    fail ("Cannot open display %s\n", XDisplayName (NULL));
+
+  x->screen = DefaultScreen (x->display);
+}
+
+gpointer
+x_view_create (const PangoViewer *klass)
+{
+  XViewer *instance;
+
+  instance = g_slice_new (XViewer);
+
+  x_view_init (instance, klass);
+
+  return instance;
+}
 
-/* initialized by main() */
-static Display *display;
-static int screen;
-static Window window;
-static Pixmap pixmap;
+void 
+x_view_destroy (gpointer instance)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *)instance;
+
+  XCloseDisplay (x->display);
+
+  g_slice_free (XViewer, instance);
+}
+
+gpointer
+x_view_create_surface (gpointer instance,
+		       int      width,
+		       int      height)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *) instance;
+  Pixmap pixmap;
+
+  pixmap = XCreatePixmap (x->display, DefaultRootWindow (x->display), width, height,
+			  DefaultDepth (x->display, x->screen));
 
-/* initialized by do_init() */
-static PangoContext *context;
-static int width, height;
+  return (gpointer) pixmap;
+}
+
+void 
+x_view_destroy_surface (gpointer instance,
+			gpointer surface)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *) instance;
+  Pixmap pixmap = (Pixmap) surface;
 
-/* runtime stuff */
-static Region update_region = NULL;
-static gboolean show_borders;
+  XFreePixmap (x->display, pixmap);
+}
 
 static void
-update (void)
+update (Display *display,
+	Pixmap   pixmap,
+	Window   window,
+	Region  *update_region)
 {
   GC gc;
   XRectangle extents;
   int width, height;
 
-  XClipBox (update_region, &extents);
+  XClipBox (*update_region, &extents);
 
   width = extents.width;
   height = extents.height;
@@ -62,111 +107,139 @@ update (void)
 
   XFreeGC (display, gc);
 	     
-  XDestroyRegion (update_region);
-  update_region = NULL;
+  XDestroyRegion (*update_region);
+  *update_region = NULL;
 }
 
 static void
-expose (XExposeEvent *xev)
+expose (XExposeEvent *xev,
+	Region       *update_region)
 {
   XRectangle  r;
 
-  if (!update_region)
-    update_region = XCreateRegion ();
+  if (!*update_region)
+    *update_region = XCreateRegion ();
 
   r.x = xev->x;
   r.y = xev->y;
   r.width = xev->width;
   r.height = xev->height;
 
-  XUnionRectWithRegion (&r, update_region, update_region);
+  XUnionRectWithRegion (&r, *update_region, *update_region);
 }
 
-int
-main (int argc, char **argv)
+gpointer
+x_view_create_window (gpointer    instance,
+		      const char *title,
+		      int         width,
+		      int         height)
 {
-  XEvent xev;
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *) instance;
   unsigned long bg;
+  Window window;
   XSizeHints size_hints;
-  unsigned int quit_keycode;
-  unsigned int borders_keycode;
-  const char *title;
-  
-  g_type_init();
 
-  parse_options (argc, argv);
-
-  display = XOpenDisplay (NULL);
-  if (!display)
-    fail ("Cannot open display %s\n", XDisplayName (NULL));
-  screen = DefaultScreen (display);
-
-  do_init (display, screen, opt_dpi, &context, &width, &height);
-
-  bg = WhitePixel (display, screen);
-  window = XCreateSimpleWindow (display, DefaultRootWindow (display),
+  bg = WhitePixel (x->display, x->screen);
+  window = XCreateSimpleWindow (x->display, DefaultRootWindow (x->display),
 				0, 0, width, height, 0,
 				bg, bg);
-  pixmap = XCreatePixmap (display, window, width, height,
-			  DefaultDepth (display, screen));
-  XSelectInput (display, window, ExposureMask | KeyPressMask);
+
+  XSelectInput (x->display, window, ExposureMask | KeyPressMask);
   
-  XMapWindow (display, window);
-  title = get_options_string ();
-  XmbSetWMProperties (display, window,
+  XMapWindow (x->display, window);
+  XmbSetWMProperties (x->display, window,
 		      title,
 		      NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-  g_free (title);
   
   memset ((char *)&size_hints, 0, sizeof (XSizeHints));
   size_hints.flags = PSize | PMaxSize;
   size_hints.width = width; size_hints.height = height; /* for compat only */
   size_hints.max_width = width; size_hints.max_height = height;
   
-  XSetWMNormalHints (display, window, &size_hints);
+  XSetWMNormalHints (x->display, window, &size_hints);
 
-  borders_keycode = XKeysymToKeycode(display, 'B');
-  quit_keycode = XKeysymToKeycode(display, 'Q');
+  return (gpointer) window;
+}
+
+void
+x_view_destroy_window (gpointer instance,
+		       gpointer window)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *) instance;
+  Window win = (Window) window;
 
-  do_render (display, screen, window, pixmap, context, width, height, show_borders);
+  XDestroyWindow (x->display, win);
+}
+
+gpointer
+x_view_display (gpointer instance,
+		gpointer surface,
+		gpointer win,
+		int      width,
+		int      height,
+		gpointer state)
+{
+  XViewer *x = (XViewer *) instance;
+  Pixmap pixmap = (Pixmap) surface;
+  Window window = (Window) win;
+  XEvent xev;
+  XRectangle  r;
+  Region update_region;
+  unsigned int quit_keycode;
+  unsigned int borders_keycode;
+  gboolean show_borders = FALSE;
+
+  if (state)
+    show_borders = GPOINTER_TO_UINT (state) == 0xdeadbeef;
+
+  /* force a full redraw */
+  update_region = XCreateRegion ();
+  r.x = 0;
+  r.y = 0;
+  r.width = width;
+  r.height = height;
+  XUnionRectWithRegion (&r, update_region, update_region);
+
+  borders_keycode = XKeysymToKeycode(x->display, 'B');
+  quit_keycode = XKeysymToKeycode(x->display, 'Q');
 
   while (1)
     {
-      if (!XPending (display) && update_region)
-	update ();
+      if (!XPending (x->display) && update_region)
+	update (x->display, pixmap, window, &update_region);
 	
-      XNextEvent (display, &xev);
+      XNextEvent (x->display, &xev);
       switch (xev.xany.type) {
       case KeyPress:
 	if (xev.xkey.keycode == quit_keycode)
-	  goto done;
+	  return NULL;
 	else if (xev.xkey.keycode == borders_keycode)
 	  {
-	    XRectangle  r;
 	    show_borders = !show_borders;
-	    do_render (display, screen, window, pixmap, context, width, height, show_borders);
-
-	    if (!update_region)
-	      update_region = XCreateRegion ();
-
-	    r.x = 0;
-	    r.y = 0;
-	    r.width = width;
-	    r.height = height;
-	    XUnionRectWithRegion (&r, update_region, update_region);
+	    return GUINT_TO_POINTER (show_borders ? 0xdeadbeef : 0xbe);
 	  }
 	break;
       case Expose:
-	expose (&xev.xexpose);
+	expose (&xev.xexpose, &update_region);
 	break;
       }
     }
-
-done:
-
-  g_object_unref (context);
-  XFreePixmap (display, pixmap);
-  finalize ();
-
-  return 0;
 }
+
+const PangoViewer x_viewer = {
+  "X",
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  x_view_create,
+  x_view_destroy,
+  NULL,
+  x_view_create_surface,
+  x_view_destroy_surface,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  x_view_create_window,
+  x_view_destroy_window,
+  x_view_display
+};
+
+const PangoViewer *fallback_viewer = &x_viewer;
diff --git a/examples/viewer-x.h b/examples/viewer-x.h
index 83c40358..71c1279e 100644
--- a/examples/viewer-x.h
+++ b/examples/viewer-x.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* viewer-x.h: Common code X-based rendering demos
+/* viewer-x.h: Common headers for X-based viewers
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
  * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
@@ -18,27 +18,53 @@
  * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  */
+#ifndef VIEWER_X_H
+#define VIEWER_X_H
 
 #include <pango/pango.h>
 
 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
 
-/* to be implemented by the backend-specific part */
-
-void do_init (Display *display,
-	      int screen,
-	      int dpi,
-	      /* output */
-	      PangoContext **context,
-	      int *width,
-	      int *height);
-
-void do_render (Display *display,
-		int screen,
-		Window window,
-		Pixmap pixmap,
-		PangoContext *context,
-		int width,
-		int height,
-		gboolean show_borders);
+#include "viewer.h"
+
+
+typedef struct 
+{
+  Display *display;
+  int screen;
+} XViewer;
+
+
+extern const PangoViewer x_viewer;
+
+void x_view_init (gpointer           instance,
+                  const PangoViewer *klass);
+
+gpointer x_view_create (const PangoViewer *klass);
+
+void x_view_destroy (gpointer instance);
+
+gpointer x_view_create_surface (gpointer instance,
+			        int      width,
+				int      height);
+
+void x_view_destroy_surface (gpointer instance,
+			     gpointer surface);
+
+gpointer x_view_create_window (gpointer    instance,
+			       const char *title,
+			       int         width,
+			       int         height);
+
+void x_view_destroy_window (gpointer instance,
+			    gpointer window);
+
+gpointer x_view_display (gpointer instance,
+			 gpointer surface,
+			 gpointer window,
+			 int      width,
+			 int      height,
+			 gpointer state);
+
+#endif /* VIEWER_X_H */
diff --git a/examples/viewer.h b/examples/viewer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e99d5f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/viewer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/* viewer.h: PangoViewer class
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+#ifndef VIEWER_H
+#define VIEWER_H
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <pango/pango.h>
+
+typedef struct _PangoViewer PangoViewer;
+
+struct _PangoViewer {
+
+  const char *name;
+
+  const char *id;
+
+  const char *save_suffix;
+
+  gpointer (*create) (const PangoViewer *klass);
+
+  void (*destroy) (gpointer instance);
+
+  PangoContext * (*get_context) (gpointer instance);
+
+  gpointer (*create_surface) (gpointer instance,
+			      int      width,
+			      int      height);
+
+  void (*destroy_surface) (gpointer instance,
+			   gpointer surface);
+
+  void (*render) (gpointer      instance,
+		  gpointer      surface,
+		  PangoContext *context,
+		  int           width,
+		  int           height,
+		  gpointer      state);
+
+  /* The following can be NULL */
+
+  void (*save) (gpointer instance,
+		gpointer surface,
+		FILE    *stream,
+		int      width,
+		int      height);
+
+  gpointer (*create_window) (gpointer    instance,
+			     const char *title,
+			     int         width,
+			     int         height);
+
+  void (*destroy_window) (gpointer instance,
+			  gpointer window);
+
+  gpointer (*display) (gpointer instance,
+		       gpointer surface,
+		       gpointer window,
+		       int      width,
+		       int      height,
+		       gpointer state);
+
+};
+
+extern const PangoViewer *fallback_viewer;
+extern const PangoViewer *viewers[];
+
+#endif /* VIEWER_H */
diff --git a/examples/xftview.c b/examples/xftview.c
deleted file mode 100644
index d8d6be99..00000000
--- a/examples/xftview.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-/* Pango
- * xftview.c: Example program to view a UTF-8 encoding file
- *            using PangoXft to render result
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
- * Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU
- * Library General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the
- * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
- * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
- */
-#include <config.h>
-
-#include "renderdemo.h"
-#include "viewer-x.h"
-
-#include <pango/pangoxft.h>
-
-static void
-default_substitute (FcPattern *pattern,
-		    gpointer data)
-{
-  int dpi = GPOINTER_TO_INT (data);
-  FcPatternAddInteger (pattern, FC_DPI, dpi);
-}
-
-static void
-render_callback (PangoLayout *layout,
-		 int          x,
-		 int          y,
-		 gpointer     data,
-		 gboolean     show_borders)
-{
-  XftDraw *draw = (XftDraw *)data;
-  XftColor color;
-
-  color.color.red = 0x0;
-  color.color.green = 0x0;
-  color.color.blue = 0x0;
-  color.color.alpha = 0xffff;
-
-  pango_xft_render_layout (draw, &color, layout, x, y);
-
-  /*
-  if (show_borders)
-    {
-      PangoContext *context;
-      PangoXftFontMap *fontmap;
-      PangoRenderer *renderer;
-      PangoRectangle ink, logical;
-      
-      pango_layout_get_extents (layout, &ink, &logical);
-
-      context = pango_layout_get_context (layout);
-      fontmap = (PangoXftFontMap *)pango_context_get_font_map (context);
-
-      humm, we cannot go on, as the following is private api.
-      need to implement pango_font_map_get_renderer...
-
-      renderer = _pango_xft_font_map_get_renderer (fontmap);
-    }
-  */
-}
-
-void
-do_init (Display *display,
-	 int screen,
-	 int dpi,
-	 /* output */
-	 PangoContext **context,
-	 int *width,
-	 int *height)
-{
-  XftInit (NULL);
-  *context = pango_xft_get_context (display, screen);
-  pango_xft_set_default_substitute (display, screen, default_substitute, GINT_TO_POINTER (dpi), NULL);
-  do_output (*context, NULL, NULL, NULL, width, height, FALSE);
-}
-
-void
-do_render (Display *display,
-	   int screen,
-	   Window window,
-	   Pixmap pixmap,
-	   PangoContext *context,
-	   int width,
-	   int height,
-	   gboolean show_borders)
-{
-  XftDraw *draw;
-  XftColor color;
-
-  draw = XftDrawCreate (display, pixmap,
-			DefaultVisual (display, screen),
-			DefaultColormap (display, screen));
-
-  color.color.red = 0xffff;
-  color.color.blue = 0xffff;
-  color.color.green = 0xffff;
-  color.color.alpha = 0xffff;
-
-  XftDrawRect (draw, &color, 0, 0, width, height);
-
-  do_output (context, render_callback, NULL, draw, NULL, NULL, show_borders);
-
-  XftDrawDestroy (draw);
-}