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+---
+Title: Rendering with Cairo
+---
+
+# Rendering with Cairo
+
+The Cairo library is a vector graphics library with a powerful rendering model.
+It has such features as anti-aliased primitives, alpha-compositing, and gradients.
+Multiple backends for Cairo are available, to allow rendering to images, to PDF
+files, and to the screen on X and on other windowing systems. The functions in
+this section allow using Pango to render to Cairo surfaces.
+
+Using Pango with Cairo is straightforward. A `PangoContext` created with
+pango_cairo_font_map_create_context() can be used on any Cairo context (`cairo_t`),
+but needs to be updated to match the current transformation matrix and target
+surface of the Cairo context using pango_cairo_update_context(). The convenience
+functions pango_cairo_create_layout() and pango_cairo_update_layout() handle
+the common case where the program doesn't need to manipulate the properties of
+the `PangoContext`.
+
+When you get the metrics of a layout or of a piece of a layout using functions
+such as pango_layout_get_extents(), the reported metrics are in user-space
+coordinates. If a piece of text is 10 units long, and you call
+`cairo_scale (cr, 2.0)`, it still is more-or-less 10 units long. However, the
+results will be affected by hinting (that is, the process of adjusting the text
+to look good on the pixel grid), so you shouldn't assume they are completely
+independent of the current transformation matrix. Note that the basic metrics
+functions in Pango report results in integer Pango units. To get to the floating
+point units used in Cairo divide by `PANGO_SCALE`.
+
+## Using Pango with Cairo
+
+```
+#include <math.h>
+#include <pango/pangocairo.h>
+
+#define RADIUS 150
+#define N_WORDS 10
+#define FONT "Sans Bold 27"
+
+static void
+draw_text (cairo_t *cr)
+{
+  PangoLayout *layout;
+  PangoFontDescription *desc;
+  int i;
+
+  /* Center coordinates on the middle of the region we are drawing */
+  cairo_translate (cr, RADIUS, RADIUS);
+
+  /* Create a PangoLayout, set the font and text */
+  layout = pango_cairo_create_layout (cr);
+
+  pango_layout_set_text (layout, "Text", -1);
+  desc = pango_font_description_from_string (FONT);
+  pango_layout_set_font_description (layout, desc);
+  pango_font_description_free (desc);
+
+  /* Draw the layout N_WORDS times in a circle */
+  for (i = 0; i < N_WORDS; i++)
+    {
+      int width, height;
+      double angle = (360. * i) / N_WORDS;
+      double red;
+
+      cairo_save (cr);
+
+      /* Gradient from red at angle == 60 to blue at angle == 240 */
+      red   = (1 + cos ((angle - 60) * G_PI / 180.)) / 2;
+      cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, red, 0, 1.0 - red);
+
+      cairo_rotate (cr, angle * G_PI / 180.);
+
+      /* Inform Pango to re-layout the text with the new transformation */
+      pango_cairo_update_layout (cr, layout);
+
+      pango_layout_get_size (layout, &width, &height);
+      cairo_move_to (cr, - ((double)width / PANGO_SCALE) / 2, - RADIUS);
+      pango_cairo_show_layout (cr, layout);
+
+      cairo_restore (cr);
+    }
+
+  /* free the layout object */
+  g_object_unref (layout);
+}
+
+int
+main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  cairo_t *cr;
+  char *filename;
+  cairo_status_t status;
+  cairo_surface_t *surface;
+
+  if (argc != 2)
+    {
+      g_printerr ("Usage: cairosimple OUTPUT_FILENAME\n");
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  filename = argv[1];
+
+  surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
+                                        2 * RADIUS, 2 * RADIUS);
+  cr = cairo_create (surface);
+
+  cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+  cairo_paint (cr);
+  draw_text (cr);
+  cairo_destroy (cr);
+
+  status = cairo_surface_write_to_png (surface, filename);
+  cairo_surface_destroy (surface);
+
+  if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      g_printerr ("Could not save png to '%s'\n", filename);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+```
+
+Once you build and run the example code above, you should see the
+following result:
+
+![Output of rotated-example](rotated-text.png)