File tidies for 8.38-RC1.

git-svn-id: svn://vcs.exim.org/pcre/code/trunk@1602 2f5784b3-3f2a-0410-8824-cb99058d5e15

4 files changed, 1101 insertions, 1073 deletions

diff --git a/doc/html/NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD.txt b/doc/html/NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD.txt
index 1c3da84..3910059 100644
--- a/doc/html/NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD.txt
+++ b/doc/html/NON-AUTOTOOLS-BUILD.txt
@@ -764,9 +764,9 @@ required. For details, please see this web site:
 
   http://www.zaconsultants.net
 
-There is also a mirror here:
-
-  http://www.vsoft-software.com/downloads.html
+You may download PCRE from WWW.CBTTAPE.ORG, file 882.  Everything, source and
+executable, is in EBCDIC and native z/OS file formats and this is the
+recommended download site.
 
 ==========================
-Last Updated: 10 February 2015
+Last Updated: 25 June 2015
diff --git a/doc/html/pcrepattern.html b/doc/html/pcrepattern.html
index 71fd907..55034a7 100644
--- a/doc/html/pcrepattern.html
+++ b/doc/html/pcrepattern.html
@@ -329,7 +329,8 @@ A second use of backslash provides a way of encoding non-printing characters
 in patterns in a visible manner. There is no restriction on the appearance of
 non-printing characters, apart from the binary zero that terminates a pattern,
 but when a pattern is being prepared by text editing, it is often easier to use
-one of the following escape sequences than the binary character it represents:
+one of the following escape sequences than the binary character it represents.
+In an ASCII or Unicode environment, these escapes are as follows:
 <pre>
   \a        alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
   \cx       "control-x", where x is any ASCII character
@@ -353,19 +354,33 @@ data item (byte or 16-bit value) following \c has a value greater than 127, a
 compile-time error occurs. This locks out non-ASCII characters in all modes.
 </P>
 <P>
-The \c facility was designed for use with ASCII characters, but with the
-extension to Unicode it is even less useful than it once was. It is, however,
-recognized when PCRE is compiled in EBCDIC mode, where data items are always
-bytes. In this mode, all values are valid after \c. If the next character is a
-lower case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then the 0xc0 bits of the
-byte are inverted. Thus \cA becomes hex 01, as in ASCII (A is C1), but because
-the EBCDIC letters are disjoint, \cZ becomes hex 29 (Z is E9), and other
-characters also generate different values.
+When PCRE is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \a, \e, \f, \n, \r, and \t
+generate the appropriate EBCDIC code values. The \c escape is processed
+as specified for Perl in the <b>perlebcdic</b> document. The only characters
+that are allowed after \c are A-Z, a-z, or one of @, [, \, ], ^, _, or ?. Any
+other character provokes a compile-time error. The sequence \@ encodes
+character code 0; the letters (in either case) encode characters 1-26 (hex 01
+to hex 1A); [, \, ], ^, and _ encode characters 27-31 (hex 1B to hex 1F), and
+\? becomes either 255 (hex FF) or 95 (hex 5F).
+</P>
+<P>
+Thus, apart from \?, these escapes generate the same character code values as
+they do in an ASCII environment, though the meanings of the values mostly
+differ. For example, \G always generates code value 7, which is BEL in ASCII
+but DEL in EBCDIC.
+</P>
+<P>
+The sequence \? generates DEL (127, hex 7F) in an ASCII environment, but
+because 127 is not a control character in EBCDIC, Perl makes it generate the
+APC character. Unfortunately, there are several variants of EBCDIC. In most of
+them the APC character has the value 255 (hex FF), but in the one Perl calls
+POSIX-BC its value is 95 (hex 5F). If certain other characters have POSIX-BC
+values, PCRE makes \? generate 95; otherwise it generates 255.
 </P>
 <P>
 After \0 up to two further octal digits are read. If there are fewer than two
-digits, just those that are present are used. Thus the sequence \0\x\07
-specifies two binary zeros followed by a BEL character (code value 7). Make
+digits, just those that are present are used. Thus the sequence \0\x\015
+specifies two binary zeros followed by a CR character (code value 13). Make
 sure you supply two digits after the initial zero if the pattern character that
 follows is itself an octal digit.
 </P>
@@ -3249,9 +3264,9 @@ Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
 </P>
 <br><a name="SEC30" href="#TOC1">REVISION</a><br>
 <P>
-Last updated: 08 January 2014
+Last updated: 14 June 2015
 <br>
-Copyright &copy; 1997-2014 University of Cambridge.
+Copyright &copy; 1997-2015 University of Cambridge.
 <br>
 <p>
 Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>.
diff --git a/doc/pcre.txt b/doc/pcre.txt
index bc92e4f..76a47c7 100644
--- a/doc/pcre.txt
+++ b/doc/pcre.txt
@@ -5000,7 +5000,8 @@ BACKSLASH
        appearance  of non-printing characters, apart from the binary zero that
        terminates a pattern, but when a pattern  is  being  prepared  by  text
        editing,  it  is  often  easier  to  use  one  of  the following escape
-       sequences than the binary character it represents:
+       sequences than the binary character it represents.  In an ASCII or Uni-
+       code environment, these escapes are as follows:
 
          \a        alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
          \cx       "control-x", where x is any ASCII character
@@ -5016,55 +5017,67 @@ BACKSLASH
          \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh.. (non-JavaScript mode)
          \uhhhh    character with hex code hhhh (JavaScript mode only)
 
-       The precise effect of \cx on ASCII characters is as follows: if x is  a
-       lower  case  letter,  it  is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the
+       The  precise effect of \cx on ASCII characters is as follows: if x is a
+       lower case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then  bit  6  of  the
        character (hex 40) is inverted. Thus \cA to \cZ become hex 01 to hex 1A
-       (A  is  41, Z is 5A), but \c{ becomes hex 3B ({ is 7B), and \c; becomes
-       hex 7B (; is 3B). If the data item (byte or 16-bit value) following  \c
-       has  a  value greater than 127, a compile-time error occurs. This locks
+       (A is 41, Z is 5A), but \c{ becomes hex 3B ({ is 7B), and  \c;  becomes
+       hex  7B (; is 3B). If the data item (byte or 16-bit value) following \c
+       has a value greater than 127, a compile-time error occurs.  This  locks
        out non-ASCII characters in all modes.
 
-       The \c facility was designed for use with ASCII  characters,  but  with
-       the  extension  to  Unicode it is even less useful than it once was. It
-       is, however, recognized when PCRE is compiled  in  EBCDIC  mode,  where
-       data  items  are always bytes. In this mode, all values are valid after
-       \c. If the next character is a lower case letter, it  is  converted  to
-       upper  case.  Then  the  0xc0  bits  of the byte are inverted. Thus \cA
-       becomes hex 01, as in ASCII (A is C1), but because the  EBCDIC  letters
-       are  disjoint,  \cZ becomes hex 29 (Z is E9), and other characters also
-       generate different values.
-
-       After \0 up to two further octal digits are read. If  there  are  fewer
-       than  two  digits,  just  those  that  are  present  are used. Thus the
-       sequence \0\x\07 specifies two binary zeros followed by a BEL character
-       (code  value 7). Make sure you supply two digits after the initial zero
+       When PCRE is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \a, \e, \f, \n, \r, and \t gener-
+       ate the appropriate EBCDIC code values. The \c escape is  processed  as
+       specified for Perl in the perlebcdic document. The only characters that
+       are allowed after \c are A-Z, a-z, or one of @, [, \, ], ^,  _,  or  ?.
+       Any  other  character  provokes  a  compile-time error. The sequence \@
+       encodes character code 0; the letters (in either case)  encode  charac-
+       ters 1-26 (hex 01 to hex 1A); [, \, ], ^, and _ encode characters 27-31
+       (hex 1B to hex 1F), and \? becomes either 255 (hex FF) or 95 (hex 5F).
+
+       Thus, apart from \?, these escapes generate  the  same  character  code
+       values  as  they do in an ASCII environment, though the meanings of the
+       values mostly differ. For example, \G always generates  code  value  7,
+       which is BEL in ASCII but DEL in EBCDIC.
+
+       The  sequence  \?  generates DEL (127, hex 7F) in an ASCII environment,
+       but because 127 is not a control character in  EBCDIC,  Perl  makes  it
+       generate  the  APC character. Unfortunately, there are several variants
+       of EBCDIC. In most of them the APC character has  the  value  255  (hex
+       FF),  but  in  the one Perl calls POSIX-BC its value is 95 (hex 5F). If
+       certain other characters have POSIX-BC values, PCRE makes  \?  generate
+       95; otherwise it generates 255.
+
+       After  \0  up  to two further octal digits are read. If there are fewer
+       than two digits, just  those  that  are  present  are  used.  Thus  the
+       sequence \0\x\015 specifies two binary zeros followed by a CR character
+       (code value 13). Make sure you supply two digits after the initial zero
        if the pattern character that follows is itself an octal digit.
 
-       The escape \o must be followed by a sequence of octal digits,  enclosed
-       in  braces.  An  error occurs if this is not the case. This escape is a
-       recent addition to Perl; it provides way of specifying  character  code
-       points  as  octal  numbers  greater than 0777, and it also allows octal
+       The  escape \o must be followed by a sequence of octal digits, enclosed
+       in braces. An error occurs if this is not the case. This  escape  is  a
+       recent  addition  to Perl; it provides way of specifying character code
+       points as octal numbers greater than 0777, and  it  also  allows  octal
        numbers and back references to be unambiguously specified.
 
        For greater clarity and unambiguity, it is best to avoid following \ by
        a digit greater than zero. Instead, use \o{} or \x{} to specify charac-
-       ter numbers, and \g{} to specify back references. The  following  para-
+       ter  numbers,  and \g{} to specify back references. The following para-
        graphs describe the old, ambiguous syntax.
 
        The handling of a backslash followed by a digit other than 0 is compli-
-       cated, and Perl has changed in recent releases, causing  PCRE  also  to
+       cated,  and  Perl  has changed in recent releases, causing PCRE also to
        change. Outside a character class, PCRE reads the digit and any follow-
-       ing digits as a decimal number. If the number is less  than  8,  or  if
-       there  have been at least that many previous capturing left parentheses
-       in the expression, the entire sequence is taken as a back reference.  A
-       description  of how this works is given later, following the discussion
+       ing  digits  as  a  decimal number. If the number is less than 8, or if
+       there have been at least that many previous capturing left  parentheses
+       in  the expression, the entire sequence is taken as a back reference. A
+       description of how this works is given later, following the  discussion
        of parenthesized subpatterns.
 
-       Inside a character class, or if  the  decimal  number  following  \  is
+       Inside  a  character  class,  or  if  the decimal number following \ is
        greater than 7 and there have not been that many capturing subpatterns,
-       PCRE handles \8 and \9 as the literal characters "8" and "9", and  oth-
+       PCRE  handles \8 and \9 as the literal characters "8" and "9", and oth-
        erwise re-reads up to three octal digits following the backslash, using
-       them to generate a data character.  Any  subsequent  digits  stand  for
+       them  to  generate  a  data character.  Any subsequent digits stand for
        themselves. For example:
 
          \040   is another way of writing an ASCII space
@@ -5082,31 +5095,31 @@ BACKSLASH
          \81    is either a back reference, or the two
                    characters "8" and "1"
 
-       Note  that octal values of 100 or greater that are specified using this
-       syntax must not be introduced by a leading zero, because no  more  than
+       Note that octal values of 100 or greater that are specified using  this
+       syntax  must  not be introduced by a leading zero, because no more than
        three octal digits are ever read.
 
-       By  default, after \x that is not followed by {, from zero to two hexa-
-       decimal digits are read (letters can be in upper or  lower  case).  Any
+       By default, after \x that is not followed by {, from zero to two  hexa-
+       decimal  digits  are  read (letters can be in upper or lower case). Any
        number of hexadecimal digits may appear between \x{ and }. If a charac-
-       ter other than a hexadecimal digit appears between \x{  and  },  or  if
+       ter  other  than  a  hexadecimal digit appears between \x{ and }, or if
        there is no terminating }, an error occurs.
 
-       If  the  PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set, the interpretation of \x
-       is as just described only when it is followed by two  hexadecimal  dig-
-       its.   Otherwise,  it  matches  a  literal "x" character. In JavaScript
+       If the PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set, the interpretation  of  \x
+       is  as  just described only when it is followed by two hexadecimal dig-
+       its.  Otherwise, it matches a  literal  "x"  character.  In  JavaScript
        mode, support for code points greater than 256 is provided by \u, which
-       must  be  followed  by  four hexadecimal digits; otherwise it matches a
+       must be followed by four hexadecimal digits;  otherwise  it  matches  a
        literal "u" character.
 
        Characters whose value is less than 256 can be defined by either of the
-       two  syntaxes for \x (or by \u in JavaScript mode). There is no differ-
+       two syntaxes for \x (or by \u in JavaScript mode). There is no  differ-
        ence in the way they are handled. For example, \xdc is exactly the same
        as \x{dc} (or \u00dc in JavaScript mode).
 
    Constraints on character values
 
-       Characters  that  are  specified using octal or hexadecimal numbers are
+       Characters that are specified using octal or  hexadecimal  numbers  are
        limited to certain values, as follows:
 
          8-bit non-UTF mode    less than 0x100
@@ -5116,44 +5129,44 @@ BACKSLASH
          32-bit non-UTF mode   less than 0x100000000
          32-bit UTF-32 mode    less than 0x10ffff and a valid codepoint
 
-       Invalid Unicode codepoints are the range  0xd800  to  0xdfff  (the  so-
+       Invalid  Unicode  codepoints  are  the  range 0xd800 to 0xdfff (the so-
        called "surrogate" codepoints), and 0xffef.
 
    Escape sequences in character classes
 
        All the sequences that define a single character value can be used both
-       inside and outside character classes. In addition, inside  a  character
+       inside  and  outside character classes. In addition, inside a character
        class, \b is interpreted as the backspace character (hex 08).
 
-       \N  is not allowed in a character class. \B, \R, and \X are not special
-       inside a character class. Like  other  unrecognized  escape  sequences,
-       they  are  treated  as  the  literal  characters  "B",  "R", and "X" by
-       default, but cause an error if the PCRE_EXTRA option is set. Outside  a
+       \N is not allowed in a character class. \B, \R, and \X are not  special
+       inside  a  character  class.  Like other unrecognized escape sequences,
+       they are treated as  the  literal  characters  "B",  "R",  and  "X"  by
+       default,  but cause an error if the PCRE_EXTRA option is set. Outside a
        character class, these sequences have different meanings.
 
    Unsupported escape sequences
 
-       In  Perl, the sequences \l, \L, \u, and \U are recognized by its string
-       handler and used  to  modify  the  case  of  following  characters.  By
-       default,  PCRE does not support these escape sequences. However, if the
-       PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set, \U matches a "U"  character,  and
+       In Perl, the sequences \l, \L, \u, and \U are recognized by its  string
+       handler  and  used  to  modify  the  case  of  following characters. By
+       default, PCRE does not support these escape sequences. However, if  the
+       PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT  option  is set, \U matches a "U" character, and
        \u can be used to define a character by code point, as described in the
        previous section.
 
    Absolute and relative back references
 
-       The sequence \g followed by an unsigned or a negative  number,  option-
-       ally  enclosed  in braces, is an absolute or relative back reference. A
+       The  sequence  \g followed by an unsigned or a negative number, option-
+       ally enclosed in braces, is an absolute or relative back  reference.  A
        named back reference can be coded as \g{name}. Back references are dis-
        cussed later, following the discussion of parenthesized subpatterns.
 
    Absolute and relative subroutine calls
 
-       For  compatibility with Oniguruma, the non-Perl syntax \g followed by a
+       For compatibility with Oniguruma, the non-Perl syntax \g followed by  a
        name or a number enclosed either in angle brackets or single quotes, is
-       an  alternative  syntax for referencing a subpattern as a "subroutine".
-       Details are discussed later.   Note  that  \g{...}  (Perl  syntax)  and
-       \g<...>  (Oniguruma  syntax)  are  not synonymous. The former is a back
+       an alternative syntax for referencing a subpattern as  a  "subroutine".
+       Details  are  discussed  later.   Note  that  \g{...} (Perl syntax) and
+       \g<...> (Oniguruma syntax) are not synonymous. The  former  is  a  back
        reference; the latter is a subroutine call.
 
    Generic character types
@@ -5172,59 +5185,59 @@ BACKSLASH
          \W     any "non-word" character
 
        There is also the single sequence \N, which matches a non-newline char-
-       acter.   This  is the same as the "." metacharacter when PCRE_DOTALL is
-       not set. Perl also uses \N to match characters by name; PCRE  does  not
+       acter.  This is the same as the "." metacharacter when  PCRE_DOTALL  is
+       not  set.  Perl also uses \N to match characters by name; PCRE does not
        support this.
 
-       Each  pair of lower and upper case escape sequences partitions the com-
-       plete set of characters into two disjoint  sets.  Any  given  character
-       matches  one, and only one, of each pair. The sequences can appear both
-       inside and outside character classes. They each match one character  of
-       the  appropriate  type.  If the current matching point is at the end of
-       the subject string, all of them fail, because there is no character  to
+       Each pair of lower and upper case escape sequences partitions the  com-
+       plete  set  of  characters  into two disjoint sets. Any given character
+       matches one, and only one, of each pair. The sequences can appear  both
+       inside  and outside character classes. They each match one character of
+       the appropriate type. If the current matching point is at  the  end  of
+       the  subject string, all of them fail, because there is no character to
        match.
 
-       For  compatibility with Perl, \s did not used to match the VT character
-       (code 11), which made it different from the the  POSIX  "space"  class.
-       However,  Perl  added  VT  at  release  5.18, and PCRE followed suit at
-       release 8.34. The default \s characters are now HT  (9),  LF  (10),  VT
-       (11),  FF  (12),  CR  (13),  and space (32), which are defined as white
+       For compatibility with Perl, \s did not used to match the VT  character
+       (code  11),  which  made it different from the the POSIX "space" class.
+       However, Perl added VT at release  5.18,  and  PCRE  followed  suit  at
+       release  8.34.  The  default  \s characters are now HT (9), LF (10), VT
+       (11), FF (12), CR (13), and space (32),  which  are  defined  as  white
        space in the "C" locale. This list may vary if locale-specific matching
-       is  taking place. For example, in some locales the "non-breaking space"
-       character (\xA0) is recognized as white space, and  in  others  the  VT
+       is taking place. For example, in some locales the "non-breaking  space"
+       character  (\xA0)  is  recognized  as white space, and in others the VT
        character is not.
 
-       A  "word"  character is an underscore or any character that is a letter
-       or digit.  By default, the definition of letters  and  digits  is  con-
-       trolled  by PCRE's low-valued character tables, and may vary if locale-
-       specific matching is taking place (see "Locale support" in the  pcreapi
-       page).  For  example,  in  a French locale such as "fr_FR" in Unix-like
-       systems, or "french" in Windows, some character codes greater than  127
-       are  used  for  accented letters, and these are then matched by \w. The
+       A "word" character is an underscore or any character that is  a  letter
+       or  digit.   By  default,  the definition of letters and digits is con-
+       trolled by PCRE's low-valued character tables, and may vary if  locale-
+       specific  matching is taking place (see "Locale support" in the pcreapi
+       page). For example, in a French locale such  as  "fr_FR"  in  Unix-like
+       systems,  or "french" in Windows, some character codes greater than 127
+       are used for accented letters, and these are then matched  by  \w.  The
        use of locales with Unicode is discouraged.
 
-       By default, characters whose code points are  greater  than  127  never
+       By  default,  characters  whose  code points are greater than 127 never
        match \d, \s, or \w, and always match \D, \S, and \W, although this may
-       vary for characters in the range 128-255 when locale-specific  matching
-       is  happening.   These  escape sequences retain their original meanings
-       from before Unicode support was available, mainly for  efficiency  rea-
-       sons.  If  PCRE  is  compiled  with  Unicode  property support, and the
-       PCRE_UCP option is set, the behaviour is changed so that Unicode  prop-
+       vary  for characters in the range 128-255 when locale-specific matching
+       is happening.  These escape sequences retain  their  original  meanings
+       from  before  Unicode support was available, mainly for efficiency rea-
+       sons. If PCRE is  compiled  with  Unicode  property  support,  and  the
+       PCRE_UCP  option is set, the behaviour is changed so that Unicode prop-
        erties are used to determine character types, as follows:
 
          \d  any character that matches \p{Nd} (decimal digit)
          \s  any character that matches \p{Z} or \h or \v
          \w  any character that matches \p{L} or \p{N}, plus underscore
 
-       The  upper case escapes match the inverse sets of characters. Note that
-       \d matches only decimal digits, whereas \w matches any  Unicode  digit,
-       as  well as any Unicode letter, and underscore. Note also that PCRE_UCP
-       affects \b, and \B because they are defined in  terms  of  \w  and  \W.
+       The upper case escapes match the inverse sets of characters. Note  that
+       \d  matches  only decimal digits, whereas \w matches any Unicode digit,
+       as well as any Unicode letter, and underscore. Note also that  PCRE_UCP
+       affects  \b,  and  \B  because  they are defined in terms of \w and \W.
        Matching these sequences is noticeably slower when PCRE_UCP is set.
 
-       The  sequences  \h, \H, \v, and \V are features that were added to Perl
-       at release 5.10. In contrast to the other sequences, which  match  only
-       ASCII  characters  by  default,  these always match certain high-valued
+       The sequences \h, \H, \v, and \V are features that were added  to  Perl
+       at  release  5.10. In contrast to the other sequences, which match only
+       ASCII characters by default, these  always  match  certain  high-valued
        code points, whether or not PCRE_UCP is set. The horizontal space char-
        acters are:
 
@@ -5263,110 +5276,110 @@ BACKSLASH
 
    Newline sequences
 
-       Outside a character class, by default, the escape sequence  \R  matches
-       any  Unicode newline sequence. In 8-bit non-UTF-8 mode \R is equivalent
+       Outside  a  character class, by default, the escape sequence \R matches
+       any Unicode newline sequence. In 8-bit non-UTF-8 mode \R is  equivalent
        to the following:
 
          (?>\r\n|\n|\x0b|\f|\r|\x85)
 
-       This is an example of an "atomic group", details  of  which  are  given
+       This  is  an  example  of an "atomic group", details of which are given
        below.  This particular group matches either the two-character sequence
-       CR followed by LF, or  one  of  the  single  characters  LF  (linefeed,
-       U+000A),  VT  (vertical  tab, U+000B), FF (form feed, U+000C), CR (car-
-       riage return, U+000D), or NEL (next line,  U+0085).  The  two-character
+       CR  followed  by  LF,  or  one  of  the single characters LF (linefeed,
+       U+000A), VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form feed,  U+000C),  CR  (car-
+       riage  return,  U+000D),  or NEL (next line, U+0085). The two-character
        sequence is treated as a single unit that cannot be split.
 
-       In  other modes, two additional characters whose codepoints are greater
+       In other modes, two additional characters whose codepoints are  greater
        than 255 are added: LS (line separator, U+2028) and PS (paragraph sepa-
-       rator,  U+2029).   Unicode character property support is not needed for
+       rator, U+2029).  Unicode character property support is not  needed  for
        these characters to be recognized.
 
        It is possible to restrict \R to match only CR, LF, or CRLF (instead of
-       the  complete  set  of  Unicode  line  endings)  by  setting the option
+       the complete set  of  Unicode  line  endings)  by  setting  the  option
        PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF either at compile time or when the pattern is matched.
        (BSR is an abbrevation for "backslash R".) This can be made the default
-       when PCRE is built; if this is the case, the  other  behaviour  can  be
-       requested  via  the  PCRE_BSR_UNICODE  option.   It is also possible to
-       specify these settings by starting a pattern string  with  one  of  the
+       when  PCRE  is  built;  if this is the case, the other behaviour can be
+       requested via the PCRE_BSR_UNICODE option.   It  is  also  possible  to
+       specify  these  settings  by  starting a pattern string with one of the
        following sequences:
 
          (*BSR_ANYCRLF)   CR, LF, or CRLF only
          (*BSR_UNICODE)   any Unicode newline sequence
 
        These override the default and the options given to the compiling func-
-       tion, but they can themselves be  overridden  by  options  given  to  a
-       matching  function.  Note  that  these  special settings, which are not
-       Perl-compatible, are recognized only at the very start  of  a  pattern,
-       and  that  they  must  be  in  upper  case. If more than one of them is
-       present, the last one is used. They can be combined with  a  change  of
+       tion,  but  they  can  themselves  be  overridden by options given to a
+       matching function. Note that these  special  settings,  which  are  not
+       Perl-compatible,  are  recognized  only at the very start of a pattern,
+       and that they must be in upper case.  If  more  than  one  of  them  is
+       present,  the  last  one is used. They can be combined with a change of
        newline convention; for example, a pattern can start with:
 
          (*ANY)(*BSR_ANYCRLF)
 
-       They  can also be combined with the (*UTF8), (*UTF16), (*UTF32), (*UTF)
+       They can also be combined with the (*UTF8), (*UTF16), (*UTF32),  (*UTF)
        or (*UCP) special sequences. Inside a character class, \R is treated as
-       an  unrecognized  escape  sequence,  and  so  matches the letter "R" by
+       an unrecognized escape sequence, and  so  matches  the  letter  "R"  by
        default, but causes an error if PCRE_EXTRA is set.
 
    Unicode character properties
 
        When PCRE is built with Unicode character property support, three addi-
-       tional  escape sequences that match characters with specific properties
-       are available.  When in 8-bit non-UTF-8 mode, these  sequences  are  of
-       course  limited  to  testing  characters whose codepoints are less than
+       tional escape sequences that match characters with specific  properties
+       are  available.   When  in 8-bit non-UTF-8 mode, these sequences are of
+       course limited to testing characters whose  codepoints  are  less  than
        256, but they do work in this mode.  The extra escape sequences are:
 
          \p{xx}   a character with the xx property
          \P{xx}   a character without the xx property
          \X       a Unicode extended grapheme cluster
 
-       The property names represented by xx above are limited to  the  Unicode
+       The  property  names represented by xx above are limited to the Unicode
        script names, the general category properties, "Any", which matches any
-       character  (including  newline),  and  some  special  PCRE   properties
-       (described  in the next section).  Other Perl properties such as "InMu-
-       sicalSymbols" are not currently supported by PCRE.  Note  that  \P{Any}
+       character   (including  newline),  and  some  special  PCRE  properties
+       (described in the next section).  Other Perl properties such as  "InMu-
+       sicalSymbols"  are  not  currently supported by PCRE. Note that \P{Any}
        does not match any characters, so always causes a match failure.
 
        Sets of Unicode characters are defined as belonging to certain scripts.
-       A character from one of these sets can be matched using a script  name.
+       A  character from one of these sets can be matched using a script name.
        For example:
 
          \p{Greek}
          \P{Han}
 
-       Those  that are not part of an identified script are lumped together as
+       Those that are not part of an identified script are lumped together  as
        "Common". The current list of scripts is:
 
-       Arabic, Armenian, Avestan, Balinese, Bamum, Bassa_Vah, Batak,  Bengali,
-       Bopomofo,  Brahmi,  Braille, Buginese, Buhid, Canadian_Aboriginal, Car-
+       Arabic,  Armenian, Avestan, Balinese, Bamum, Bassa_Vah, Batak, Bengali,
+       Bopomofo, Brahmi, Braille, Buginese, Buhid,  Canadian_Aboriginal,  Car-
        ian, Caucasian_Albanian, Chakma, Cham, Cherokee, Common, Coptic, Cunei-
        form, Cypriot, Cyrillic, Deseret, Devanagari, Duployan, Egyptian_Hiero-
        glyphs,  Elbasan,  Ethiopic,  Georgian,  Glagolitic,  Gothic,  Grantha,
-       Greek,  Gujarati,  Gurmukhi,  Han,  Hangul,  Hanunoo, Hebrew, Hiragana,
-       Imperial_Aramaic,    Inherited,     Inscriptional_Pahlavi,     Inscrip-
-       tional_Parthian,   Javanese,   Kaithi,   Kannada,  Katakana,  Kayah_Li,
-       Kharoshthi, Khmer, Khojki, Khudawadi, Lao, Latin, Lepcha,  Limbu,  Lin-
-       ear_A,  Linear_B,  Lisu,  Lycian, Lydian, Mahajani, Malayalam, Mandaic,
-       Manichaean,     Meetei_Mayek,     Mende_Kikakui,      Meroitic_Cursive,
-       Meroitic_Hieroglyphs,  Miao,  Modi, Mongolian, Mro, Myanmar, Nabataean,
-       New_Tai_Lue,  Nko,  Ogham,  Ol_Chiki,  Old_Italic,   Old_North_Arabian,
+       Greek, Gujarati, Gurmukhi,  Han,  Hangul,  Hanunoo,  Hebrew,  Hiragana,
+       Imperial_Aramaic,     Inherited,     Inscriptional_Pahlavi,    Inscrip-
+       tional_Parthian,  Javanese,  Kaithi,   Kannada,   Katakana,   Kayah_Li,
+       Kharoshthi,  Khmer,  Khojki, Khudawadi, Lao, Latin, Lepcha, Limbu, Lin-
+       ear_A, Linear_B, Lisu, Lycian, Lydian,  Mahajani,  Malayalam,  Mandaic,
+       Manichaean,      Meetei_Mayek,     Mende_Kikakui,     Meroitic_Cursive,
+       Meroitic_Hieroglyphs, Miao, Modi, Mongolian, Mro,  Myanmar,  Nabataean,
+       New_Tai_Lue,   Nko,  Ogham,  Ol_Chiki,  Old_Italic,  Old_North_Arabian,
        Old_Permic, Old_Persian, Old_South_Arabian, Old_Turkic, Oriya, Osmanya,
        Pahawh_Hmong,    Palmyrene,    Pau_Cin_Hau,    Phags_Pa,    Phoenician,
-       Psalter_Pahlavi,  Rejang,  Runic,  Samaritan, Saurashtra, Sharada, Sha-
-       vian, Siddham, Sinhala, Sora_Sompeng, Sundanese, Syloti_Nagri,  Syriac,
-       Tagalog,  Tagbanwa,  Tai_Le,  Tai_Tham, Tai_Viet, Takri, Tamil, Telugu,
-       Thaana, Thai, Tibetan, Tifinagh, Tirhuta, Ugaritic,  Vai,  Warang_Citi,
+       Psalter_Pahlavi, Rejang, Runic, Samaritan,  Saurashtra,  Sharada,  Sha-
+       vian,  Siddham, Sinhala, Sora_Sompeng, Sundanese, Syloti_Nagri, Syriac,
+       Tagalog, Tagbanwa, Tai_Le, Tai_Tham, Tai_Viet,  Takri,  Tamil,  Telugu,
+       Thaana,  Thai,  Tibetan, Tifinagh, Tirhuta, Ugaritic, Vai, Warang_Citi,
        Yi.
 
        Each character has exactly one Unicode general category property, spec-
-       ified by a two-letter abbreviation. For compatibility with Perl,  nega-
-       tion  can  be  specified  by including a circumflex between the opening
-       brace and the property name.  For  example,  \p{^Lu}  is  the  same  as
+       ified  by a two-letter abbreviation. For compatibility with Perl, nega-
+       tion can be specified by including a  circumflex  between  the  opening
+       brace  and  the  property  name.  For  example,  \p{^Lu} is the same as
        \P{Lu}.
 
        If only one letter is specified with \p or \P, it includes all the gen-
-       eral category properties that start with that letter. In this case,  in
-       the  absence of negation, the curly brackets in the escape sequence are
+       eral  category properties that start with that letter. In this case, in
+       the absence of negation, the curly brackets in the escape sequence  are
        optional; these two examples have the same effect:
 
          \p{L}
@@ -5418,73 +5431,73 @@ BACKSLASH
          Zp    Paragraph separator
          Zs    Space separator
 
-       The special property L& is also supported: it matches a character  that
-       has  the  Lu,  Ll, or Lt property, in other words, a letter that is not
+       The  special property L& is also supported: it matches a character that
+       has the Lu, Ll, or Lt property, in other words, a letter  that  is  not
        classified as a modifier or "other".
 
-       The Cs (Surrogate) property applies only to  characters  in  the  range
-       U+D800  to U+DFFF. Such characters are not valid in Unicode strings and
-       so cannot be tested by PCRE, unless  UTF  validity  checking  has  been
+       The  Cs  (Surrogate)  property  applies only to characters in the range
+       U+D800 to U+DFFF. Such characters are not valid in Unicode strings  and
+       so  cannot  be  tested  by  PCRE, unless UTF validity checking has been
        turned    off    (see    the    discussion    of    PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK,
-       PCRE_NO_UTF16_CHECK and PCRE_NO_UTF32_CHECK in the pcreapi page).  Perl
+       PCRE_NO_UTF16_CHECK  and PCRE_NO_UTF32_CHECK in the pcreapi page). Perl
        does not support the Cs property.
 
-       The  long  synonyms  for  property  names  that  Perl supports (such as
-       \p{Letter}) are not supported by PCRE, nor is it  permitted  to  prefix
+       The long synonyms for  property  names  that  Perl  supports  (such  as
+       \p{Letter})  are  not  supported by PCRE, nor is it permitted to prefix
        any of these properties with "Is".
 
        No character that is in the Unicode table has the Cn (unassigned) prop-
        erty.  Instead, this property is assumed for any code point that is not
        in the Unicode table.
 
-       Specifying  caseless  matching  does not affect these escape sequences.
-       For example, \p{Lu} always matches only upper  case  letters.  This  is
+       Specifying caseless matching does not affect  these  escape  sequences.
+       For  example,  \p{Lu}  always  matches only upper case letters. This is
        different from the behaviour of current versions of Perl.
 
-       Matching  characters  by Unicode property is not fast, because PCRE has
-       to do a multistage table lookup in order to find  a  character's  prop-
+       Matching characters by Unicode property is not fast, because  PCRE  has
+       to  do  a  multistage table lookup in order to find a character's prop-
        erty. That is why the traditional escape sequences such as \d and \w do
        not use Unicode properties in PCRE by default, though you can make them
-       do  so  by  setting the PCRE_UCP option or by starting the pattern with
+       do so by setting the PCRE_UCP option or by starting  the  pattern  with
        (*UCP).
 
    Extended grapheme clusters
 
-       The \X escape matches any number of Unicode  characters  that  form  an
+       The  \X  escape  matches  any number of Unicode characters that form an
        "extended grapheme cluster", and treats the sequence as an atomic group
-       (see below).  Up to and including release 8.31, PCRE  matched  an  ear-
+       (see  below).   Up  to and including release 8.31, PCRE matched an ear-
        lier, simpler definition that was equivalent to
 
          (?>\PM\pM*)
 
-       That  is,  it matched a character without the "mark" property, followed
-       by zero or more characters with the "mark"  property.  Characters  with
-       the  "mark"  property are typically non-spacing accents that affect the
+       That is, it matched a character without the "mark"  property,  followed
+       by  zero  or  more characters with the "mark" property. Characters with
+       the "mark" property are typically non-spacing accents that  affect  the
        preceding character.
 
-       This simple definition was extended in Unicode to include more  compli-
-       cated  kinds of composite character by giving each character a grapheme
-       breaking property, and creating rules  that  use  these  properties  to
-       define  the  boundaries  of  extended grapheme clusters. In releases of
+       This  simple definition was extended in Unicode to include more compli-
+       cated kinds of composite character by giving each character a  grapheme
+       breaking  property,  and  creating  rules  that use these properties to
+       define the boundaries of extended grapheme  clusters.  In  releases  of
        PCRE later than 8.31, \X matches one of these clusters.
 
-       \X always matches at least one character. Then it  decides  whether  to
+       \X  always  matches  at least one character. Then it decides whether to
        add additional characters according to the following rules for ending a
        cluster:
 
        1. End at the end of the subject string.
 
-       2. Do not end between CR and LF; otherwise end after any control  char-
+       2.  Do not end between CR and LF; otherwise end after any control char-
        acter.
 
-       3.  Do  not  break  Hangul (a Korean script) syllable sequences. Hangul
-       characters are of five types: L, V, T, LV, and LVT. An L character  may
-       be  followed by an L, V, LV, or LVT character; an LV or V character may
+       3. Do not break Hangul (a Korean  script)  syllable  sequences.  Hangul
+       characters  are of five types: L, V, T, LV, and LVT. An L character may
+       be followed by an L, V, LV, or LVT character; an LV or V character  may
        be followed by a V or T character; an LVT or T character may be follwed
        only by a T character.
 
-       4.  Do not end before extending characters or spacing marks. Characters
-       with the "mark" property always have  the  "extend"  grapheme  breaking
+       4. Do not end before extending characters or spacing marks.  Characters
+       with  the  "mark"  property  always have the "extend" grapheme breaking
        property.
 
        5. Do not end after prepend characters.
@@ -5493,9 +5506,9 @@ BACKSLASH
 
    PCRE's additional properties
 
-       As  well  as the standard Unicode properties described above, PCRE sup-
-       ports four more that make it possible  to  convert  traditional  escape
-       sequences  such as \w and \s to use Unicode properties. PCRE uses these
+       As well as the standard Unicode properties described above,  PCRE  sup-
+       ports  four  more  that  make it possible to convert traditional escape
+       sequences such as \w and \s to use Unicode properties. PCRE uses  these
        non-standard, non-Perl properties internally when PCRE_UCP is set. How-
        ever, they may also be used explicitly. These properties are:
 
@@ -5504,54 +5517,54 @@ BACKSLASH
          Xsp   Any Perl space character
          Xwd   Any Perl "word" character
 
-       Xan  matches  characters that have either the L (letter) or the N (num-
-       ber) property. Xps matches the characters tab, linefeed, vertical  tab,
-       form  feed,  or carriage return, and any other character that has the Z
-       (separator) property.  Xsp is the same as Xps; it used to exclude  ver-
-       tical  tab,  for Perl compatibility, but Perl changed, and so PCRE fol-
-       lowed at release 8.34. Xwd matches the same  characters  as  Xan,  plus
+       Xan matches characters that have either the L (letter) or the  N  (num-
+       ber)  property. Xps matches the characters tab, linefeed, vertical tab,
+       form feed, or carriage return, and any other character that has  the  Z
+       (separator)  property.  Xsp is the same as Xps; it used to exclude ver-
+       tical tab, for Perl compatibility, but Perl changed, and so  PCRE  fol-
+       lowed  at  release  8.34.  Xwd matches the same characters as Xan, plus
        underscore.
 
-       There  is another non-standard property, Xuc, which matches any charac-
-       ter that can be represented by a Universal Character Name  in  C++  and
-       other  programming  languages.  These are the characters $, @, ` (grave
-       accent), and all characters with Unicode code points  greater  than  or
-       equal  to U+00A0, except for the surrogates U+D800 to U+DFFF. Note that
-       most base (ASCII) characters are excluded. (Universal  Character  Names
-       are  of  the  form \uHHHH or \UHHHHHHHH where H is a hexadecimal digit.
+       There is another non-standard property, Xuc, which matches any  charac-
+       ter  that  can  be represented by a Universal Character Name in C++ and
+       other programming languages. These are the characters $,  @,  `  (grave
+       accent),  and  all  characters with Unicode code points greater than or
+       equal to U+00A0, except for the surrogates U+D800 to U+DFFF. Note  that
+       most  base  (ASCII) characters are excluded. (Universal Character Names
+       are of the form \uHHHH or \UHHHHHHHH where H is  a  hexadecimal  digit.
        Note that the Xuc property does not match these sequences but the char-
        acters that they represent.)
 
    Resetting the match start
 
-       The  escape sequence \K causes any previously matched characters not to
+       The escape sequence \K causes any previously matched characters not  to
        be included in the final matched sequence. For example, the pattern:
 
          foo\Kbar
 
-       matches "foobar", but reports that it has matched "bar".  This  feature
-       is  similar  to  a lookbehind assertion (described below).  However, in
-       this case, the part of the subject before the real match does not  have
-       to  be of fixed length, as lookbehind assertions do. The use of \K does
-       not interfere with the setting of captured  substrings.   For  example,
+       matches  "foobar",  but reports that it has matched "bar". This feature
+       is similar to a lookbehind assertion (described  below).   However,  in
+       this  case, the part of the subject before the real match does not have
+       to be of fixed length, as lookbehind assertions do. The use of \K  does
+       not  interfere  with  the setting of captured substrings.  For example,
        when the pattern
 
          (foo)\Kbar
 
        matches "foobar", the first substring is still set to "foo".
 
-       Perl  documents  that  the  use  of  \K  within assertions is "not well
-       defined". In PCRE, \K is acted upon  when  it  occurs  inside  positive
-       assertions,  but  is  ignored  in negative assertions. Note that when a
-       pattern such as (?=ab\K) matches, the reported start of the  match  can
+       Perl documents that the use  of  \K  within  assertions  is  "not  well
+       defined".  In  PCRE,  \K  is  acted upon when it occurs inside positive
+       assertions, but is ignored in negative assertions.  Note  that  when  a
+       pattern  such  as (?=ab\K) matches, the reported start of the match can
        be greater than the end of the match.
 
    Simple assertions
 
-       The  final use of backslash is for certain simple assertions. An asser-
-       tion specifies a condition that has to be met at a particular point  in
-       a  match, without consuming any characters from the subject string. The
-       use of subpatterns for more complicated assertions is described  below.
+       The final use of backslash is for certain simple assertions. An  asser-
+       tion  specifies a condition that has to be met at a particular point in
+       a match, without consuming any characters from the subject string.  The
+       use  of subpatterns for more complicated assertions is described below.
        The backslashed assertions are:
 
          \b     matches at a word boundary
@@ -5562,161 +5575,161 @@ BACKSLASH
          \z     matches only at the end of the subject
          \G     matches at the first matching position in the subject
 
-       Inside  a  character  class, \b has a different meaning; it matches the
-       backspace character. If any other of  these  assertions  appears  in  a
-       character  class, by default it matches the corresponding literal char-
+       Inside a character class, \b has a different meaning;  it  matches  the
+       backspace  character.  If  any  other  of these assertions appears in a
+       character class, by default it matches the corresponding literal  char-
        acter  (for  example,  \B  matches  the  letter  B).  However,  if  the
-       PCRE_EXTRA  option is set, an "invalid escape sequence" error is gener-
+       PCRE_EXTRA option is set, an "invalid escape sequence" error is  gener-
        ated instead.
 
-       A word boundary is a position in the subject string where  the  current
-       character  and  the previous character do not both match \w or \W (i.e.
-       one matches \w and the other matches \W), or the start or  end  of  the
-       string  if  the  first or last character matches \w, respectively. In a
-       UTF mode, the meanings of \w and \W  can  be  changed  by  setting  the
-       PCRE_UCP  option. When this is done, it also affects \b and \B. Neither
-       PCRE nor Perl has a separate "start of word" or "end of  word"  metase-
-       quence.  However,  whatever follows \b normally determines which it is.
+       A  word  boundary is a position in the subject string where the current
+       character and the previous character do not both match \w or  \W  (i.e.
+       one  matches  \w  and the other matches \W), or the start or end of the
+       string if the first or last character matches \w,  respectively.  In  a
+       UTF  mode,  the  meanings  of  \w  and \W can be changed by setting the
+       PCRE_UCP option. When this is done, it also affects \b and \B.  Neither
+       PCRE  nor  Perl has a separate "start of word" or "end of word" metase-
+       quence. However, whatever follows \b normally determines which  it  is.
        For example, the fragment \ba matches "a" at the start of a word.
 
-       The \A, \Z, and \z assertions differ from  the  traditional  circumflex
+       The  \A,  \Z,  and \z assertions differ from the traditional circumflex
        and dollar (described in the next section) in that they only ever match
-       at the very start and end of the subject string, whatever  options  are
-       set.  Thus,  they are independent of multiline mode. These three asser-
+       at  the  very start and end of the subject string, whatever options are
+       set. Thus, they are independent of multiline mode. These  three  asser-
        tions are not affected by the PCRE_NOTBOL or PCRE_NOTEOL options, which
-       affect  only the behaviour of the circumflex and dollar metacharacters.
-       However, if the startoffset argument of pcre_exec() is non-zero,  indi-
+       affect only the behaviour of the circumflex and dollar  metacharacters.
+       However,  if the startoffset argument of pcre_exec() is non-zero, indi-
        cating that matching is to start at a point other than the beginning of
-       the subject, \A can never match. The difference between \Z  and  \z  is
+       the  subject,  \A  can never match. The difference between \Z and \z is
        that \Z matches before a newline at the end of the string as well as at
        the very end, whereas \z matches only at the end.
 
-       The \G assertion is true only when the current matching position is  at
-       the  start point of the match, as specified by the startoffset argument
-       of pcre_exec(). It differs from \A when the  value  of  startoffset  is
-       non-zero.  By calling pcre_exec() multiple times with appropriate argu-
+       The  \G assertion is true only when the current matching position is at
+       the start point of the match, as specified by the startoffset  argument
+       of  pcre_exec().  It  differs  from \A when the value of startoffset is
+       non-zero. By calling pcre_exec() multiple times with appropriate  argu-
        ments, you can mimic Perl's /g option, and it is in this kind of imple-
        mentation where \G can be useful.
 
-       Note,  however,  that  PCRE's interpretation of \G, as the start of the
+       Note, however, that PCRE's interpretation of \G, as the  start  of  the
        current match, is subtly different from Perl's, which defines it as the
-       end  of  the  previous  match. In Perl, these can be different when the
-       previously matched string was empty. Because PCRE does just  one  match
+       end of the previous match. In Perl, these can  be  different  when  the
+       previously  matched  string was empty. Because PCRE does just one match
        at a time, it cannot reproduce this behaviour.
 
-       If  all  the alternatives of a pattern begin with \G, the expression is
+       If all the alternatives of a pattern begin with \G, the  expression  is
        anchored to the starting match position, and the "anchored" flag is set
        in the compiled regular expression.
 
 
 CIRCUMFLEX AND DOLLAR
 
-       The  circumflex  and  dollar  metacharacters are zero-width assertions.
-       That is, they test for a particular condition being true  without  con-
+       The circumflex and dollar  metacharacters  are  zero-width  assertions.
+       That  is,  they test for a particular condition being true without con-
        suming any characters from the subject string.
 
        Outside a character class, in the default matching mode, the circumflex
-       character is an assertion that is true only  if  the  current  matching
-       point  is  at the start of the subject string. If the startoffset argu-
-       ment of pcre_exec() is non-zero, circumflex  can  never  match  if  the
-       PCRE_MULTILINE  option  is  unset. Inside a character class, circumflex
+       character  is  an  assertion  that is true only if the current matching
+       point is at the start of the subject string. If the  startoffset  argu-
+       ment  of  pcre_exec()  is  non-zero,  circumflex can never match if the
+       PCRE_MULTILINE option is unset. Inside a  character  class,  circumflex
        has an entirely different meaning (see below).
 
-       Circumflex need not be the first character of the pattern if  a  number
-       of  alternatives are involved, but it should be the first thing in each
-       alternative in which it appears if the pattern is ever  to  match  that
-       branch.  If all possible alternatives start with a circumflex, that is,
-       if the pattern is constrained to match only at the start  of  the  sub-
-       ject,  it  is  said  to be an "anchored" pattern. (There are also other
+       Circumflex  need  not be the first character of the pattern if a number
+       of alternatives are involved, but it should be the first thing in  each
+       alternative  in  which  it appears if the pattern is ever to match that
+       branch. If all possible alternatives start with a circumflex, that  is,
+       if  the  pattern  is constrained to match only at the start of the sub-
+       ject, it is said to be an "anchored" pattern.  (There  are  also  other
        constructs that can cause a pattern to be anchored.)
 
-       The dollar character is an assertion that is true only if  the  current
-       matching  point  is  at  the  end of the subject string, or immediately
-       before a newline at the end of the string (by default). Note,  however,
-       that  it  does  not  actually match the newline. Dollar need not be the
+       The  dollar  character is an assertion that is true only if the current
+       matching point is at the end of  the  subject  string,  or  immediately
+       before  a newline at the end of the string (by default). Note, however,
+       that it does not actually match the newline. Dollar  need  not  be  the
        last character of the pattern if a number of alternatives are involved,
-       but  it should be the last item in any branch in which it appears. Dol-
+       but it should be the last item in any branch in which it appears.  Dol-
        lar has no special meaning in a character class.
 
-       The meaning of dollar can be changed so that it  matches  only  at  the
-       very  end  of  the string, by setting the PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option at
+       The  meaning  of  dollar  can be changed so that it matches only at the
+       very end of the string, by setting the  PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY  option  at
        compile time. This does not affect the \Z assertion.
 
        The meanings of the circumflex and dollar characters are changed if the
-       PCRE_MULTILINE  option  is  set.  When  this  is the case, a circumflex
-       matches immediately after internal newlines as well as at the start  of
-       the  subject  string.  It  does not match after a newline that ends the
-       string. A dollar matches before any newlines in the string, as well  as
-       at  the very end, when PCRE_MULTILINE is set. When newline is specified
-       as the two-character sequence CRLF, isolated CR and  LF  characters  do
+       PCRE_MULTILINE option is set. When  this  is  the  case,  a  circumflex
+       matches  immediately after internal newlines as well as at the start of
+       the subject string. It does not match after a  newline  that  ends  the
+       string.  A dollar matches before any newlines in the string, as well as
+       at the very end, when PCRE_MULTILINE is set. When newline is  specified
+       as  the  two-character  sequence CRLF, isolated CR and LF characters do
        not indicate newlines.
 
-       For  example, the pattern /^abc$/ matches the subject string "def\nabc"
-       (where \n represents a newline) in multiline mode, but  not  otherwise.
-       Consequently,  patterns  that  are anchored in single line mode because
-       all branches start with ^ are not anchored in  multiline  mode,  and  a
-       match  for  circumflex  is  possible  when  the startoffset argument of
-       pcre_exec() is non-zero. The PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option is  ignored  if
+       For example, the pattern /^abc$/ matches the subject string  "def\nabc"
+       (where  \n  represents a newline) in multiline mode, but not otherwise.
+       Consequently, patterns that are anchored in single  line  mode  because
+       all  branches  start  with  ^ are not anchored in multiline mode, and a
+       match for circumflex is  possible  when  the  startoffset  argument  of
+       pcre_exec()  is  non-zero. The PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option is ignored if
        PCRE_MULTILINE is set.
 
-       Note  that  the sequences \A, \Z, and \z can be used to match the start
-       and end of the subject in both modes, and if all branches of a  pattern
-       start  with  \A it is always anchored, whether or not PCRE_MULTILINE is
+       Note that the sequences \A, \Z, and \z can be used to match  the  start
+       and  end of the subject in both modes, and if all branches of a pattern
+       start with \A it is always anchored, whether or not  PCRE_MULTILINE  is
        set.
 
 
 FULL STOP (PERIOD, DOT) AND \N
 
        Outside a character class, a dot in the pattern matches any one charac-
-       ter  in  the subject string except (by default) a character that signi-
+       ter in the subject string except (by default) a character  that  signi-
        fies the end of a line.
 
-       When a line ending is defined as a single character, dot never  matches
-       that  character; when the two-character sequence CRLF is used, dot does
-       not match CR if it is immediately followed  by  LF,  but  otherwise  it
-       matches  all characters (including isolated CRs and LFs). When any Uni-
-       code line endings are being recognized, dot does not match CR or LF  or
+       When  a line ending is defined as a single character, dot never matches
+       that character; when the two-character sequence CRLF is used, dot  does
+       not  match  CR  if  it  is immediately followed by LF, but otherwise it
+       matches all characters (including isolated CRs and LFs). When any  Uni-
+       code  line endings are being recognized, dot does not match CR or LF or
        any of the other line ending characters.
 
-       The  behaviour  of  dot  with regard to newlines can be changed. If the
-       PCRE_DOTALL option is set, a dot matches  any  one  character,  without
+       The behaviour of dot with regard to newlines can  be  changed.  If  the
+       PCRE_DOTALL  option  is  set,  a dot matches any one character, without
        exception. If the two-character sequence CRLF is present in the subject
        string, it takes two dots to match it.
 
-       The handling of dot is entirely independent of the handling of  circum-
-       flex  and  dollar,  the  only relationship being that they both involve
+       The  handling of dot is entirely independent of the handling of circum-
+       flex and dollar, the only relationship being  that  they  both  involve
        newlines. Dot has no special meaning in a character class.
 
-       The escape sequence \N behaves like  a  dot,  except  that  it  is  not
-       affected  by  the  PCRE_DOTALL  option.  In other words, it matches any
-       character except one that signifies the end of a line. Perl  also  uses
+       The  escape  sequence  \N  behaves  like  a  dot, except that it is not
+       affected by the PCRE_DOTALL option. In  other  words,  it  matches  any
+       character  except  one that signifies the end of a line. Perl also uses
        \N to match characters by name; PCRE does not support this.
 
 
 MATCHING A SINGLE DATA UNIT
 
-       Outside  a character class, the escape sequence \C matches any one data
-       unit, whether or not a UTF mode is set. In the 8-bit library, one  data
-       unit  is  one  byte;  in the 16-bit library it is a 16-bit unit; in the
-       32-bit library it is a 32-bit unit. Unlike a  dot,  \C  always  matches
-       line-ending  characters.  The  feature  is provided in Perl in order to
+       Outside a character class, the escape sequence \C matches any one  data
+       unit,  whether or not a UTF mode is set. In the 8-bit library, one data
+       unit is one byte; in the 16-bit library it is a  16-bit  unit;  in  the
+       32-bit  library  it  is  a 32-bit unit. Unlike a dot, \C always matches
+       line-ending characters. The feature is provided in  Perl  in  order  to
        match individual bytes in UTF-8 mode, but it is unclear how it can use-
-       fully  be  used.  Because  \C breaks up characters into individual data
-       units, matching one unit with \C in a UTF mode means that the  rest  of
+       fully be used. Because \C breaks up  characters  into  individual  data
+       units,  matching  one unit with \C in a UTF mode means that the rest of
        the string may start with a malformed UTF character. This has undefined
        results, because PCRE assumes that it is dealing with valid UTF strings
-       (and  by  default  it checks this at the start of processing unless the
-       PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK, PCRE_NO_UTF16_CHECK or  PCRE_NO_UTF32_CHECK  option
+       (and by default it checks this at the start of  processing  unless  the
+       PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK,  PCRE_NO_UTF16_CHECK  or PCRE_NO_UTF32_CHECK option
        is used).
 
-       PCRE  does  not  allow \C to appear in lookbehind assertions (described
-       below) in a UTF mode, because this would make it impossible  to  calcu-
+       PCRE does not allow \C to appear in  lookbehind  assertions  (described
+       below)  in  a UTF mode, because this would make it impossible to calcu-
        late the length of the lookbehind.
 
        In general, the \C escape sequence is best avoided. However, one way of
-       using it that avoids the problem of malformed UTF characters is to  use
-       a  lookahead to check the length of the next character, as in this pat-
-       tern, which could be used with a UTF-8 string (ignore white  space  and
+       using  it that avoids the problem of malformed UTF characters is to use
+       a lookahead to check the length of the next character, as in this  pat-
+       tern,  which  could be used with a UTF-8 string (ignore white space and
        line breaks):
 
          (?| (?=[\x00-\x7f])(\C) |
@@ -5724,11 +5737,11 @@ MATCHING A SINGLE DATA UNIT
              (?=[\x{800}-\x{ffff}])(\C)(\C)(\C) |
              (?=[\x{10000}-\x{1fffff}])(\C)(\C)(\C)(\C))
 
-       A  group  that starts with (?| resets the capturing parentheses numbers
-       in each alternative (see "Duplicate  Subpattern  Numbers"  below).  The
-       assertions  at  the start of each branch check the next UTF-8 character
-       for values whose encoding uses 1, 2, 3, or 4 bytes,  respectively.  The
-       character's  individual bytes are then captured by the appropriate num-
+       A group that starts with (?| resets the capturing  parentheses  numbers
+       in  each  alternative  (see  "Duplicate Subpattern Numbers" below). The
+       assertions at the start of each branch check the next  UTF-8  character
+       for  values  whose encoding uses 1, 2, 3, or 4 bytes, respectively. The
+       character's individual bytes are then captured by the appropriate  num-
        ber of groups.
 
 
@@ -5738,109 +5751,109 @@ SQUARE BRACKETS AND CHARACTER CLASSES
        closing square bracket. A closing square bracket on its own is not spe-
        cial by default.  However, if the PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set,
        a lone closing square bracket causes a compile-time error. If a closing
-       square bracket is required as a member of the class, it should  be  the
-       first  data  character  in  the  class (after an initial circumflex, if
+       square  bracket  is required as a member of the class, it should be the
+       first data character in the class  (after  an  initial  circumflex,  if
        present) or escaped with a backslash.
 
-       A character class matches a single character in the subject. In  a  UTF
-       mode,  the  character  may  be  more than one data unit long. A matched
+       A  character  class matches a single character in the subject. In a UTF
+       mode, the character may be more than one  data  unit  long.  A  matched
        character must be in the set of characters defined by the class, unless
-       the  first  character in the class definition is a circumflex, in which
+       the first character in the class definition is a circumflex,  in  which
        case the subject character must not be in the set defined by the class.
-       If  a  circumflex is actually required as a member of the class, ensure
+       If a circumflex is actually required as a member of the  class,  ensure
        it is not the first character, or escape it with a backslash.
 
-       For example, the character class [aeiou] matches any lower case  vowel,
-       while  [^aeiou]  matches  any character that is not a lower case vowel.
+       For  example, the character class [aeiou] matches any lower case vowel,
+       while [^aeiou] matches any character that is not a  lower  case  vowel.
        Note that a circumflex is just a convenient notation for specifying the
-       characters  that  are in the class by enumerating those that are not. A
-       class that starts with a circumflex is not an assertion; it still  con-
-       sumes  a  character  from the subject string, and therefore it fails if
+       characters that are in the class by enumerating those that are  not.  A
+       class  that starts with a circumflex is not an assertion; it still con-
+       sumes a character from the subject string, and therefore  it  fails  if
        the current pointer is at the end of the string.
 
        In UTF-8 (UTF-16, UTF-32) mode, characters with values greater than 255
-       (0xffff)  can be included in a class as a literal string of data units,
+       (0xffff) can be included in a class as a literal string of data  units,
        or by using the \x{ escaping mechanism.
 
-       When caseless matching is set, any letters in a  class  represent  both
-       their  upper  case  and lower case versions, so for example, a caseless
-       [aeiou] matches "A" as well as "a", and a caseless  [^aeiou]  does  not
-       match  "A", whereas a caseful version would. In a UTF mode, PCRE always
-       understands the concept of case for characters whose  values  are  less
-       than  128, so caseless matching is always possible. For characters with
-       higher values, the concept of case is supported  if  PCRE  is  compiled
-       with  Unicode  property support, but not otherwise.  If you want to use
-       caseless matching in a UTF mode for characters 128 and above, you  must
-       ensure  that  PCRE is compiled with Unicode property support as well as
+       When  caseless  matching  is set, any letters in a class represent both
+       their upper case and lower case versions, so for  example,  a  caseless
+       [aeiou]  matches  "A"  as well as "a", and a caseless [^aeiou] does not
+       match "A", whereas a caseful version would. In a UTF mode, PCRE  always
+       understands  the  concept  of case for characters whose values are less
+       than 128, so caseless matching is always possible. For characters  with
+       higher  values,  the  concept  of case is supported if PCRE is compiled
+       with Unicode property support, but not otherwise.  If you want  to  use
+       caseless  matching in a UTF mode for characters 128 and above, you must
+       ensure that PCRE is compiled with Unicode property support as  well  as
        with UTF support.
 
-       Characters that might indicate line breaks are  never  treated  in  any
-       special  way  when  matching  character  classes,  whatever line-ending
-       sequence is in  use,  and  whatever  setting  of  the  PCRE_DOTALL  and
+       Characters  that  might  indicate  line breaks are never treated in any
+       special way  when  matching  character  classes,  whatever  line-ending
+       sequence  is  in  use,  and  whatever  setting  of  the PCRE_DOTALL and
        PCRE_MULTILINE options is used. A class such as [^a] always matches one
        of these characters.
 
-       The minus (hyphen) character can be used to specify a range of  charac-
-       ters  in  a  character  class.  For  example,  [d-m] matches any letter
-       between d and m, inclusive. If a  minus  character  is  required  in  a
-       class,  it  must  be  escaped  with a backslash or appear in a position
-       where it cannot be interpreted as indicating a range, typically as  the
+       The  minus (hyphen) character can be used to specify a range of charac-
+       ters in a character  class.  For  example,  [d-m]  matches  any  letter
+       between  d  and  m,  inclusive.  If  a minus character is required in a
+       class, it must be escaped with a backslash  or  appear  in  a  position
+       where  it cannot be interpreted as indicating a range, typically as the
        first or last character in the class, or immediately after a range. For
-       example, [b-d-z] matches letters in the range b to d, a hyphen  charac-
+       example,  [b-d-z] matches letters in the range b to d, a hyphen charac-
        ter, or z.
 
        It is not possible to have the literal character "]" as the end charac-
-       ter of a range. A pattern such as [W-]46] is interpreted as a class  of
-       two  characters ("W" and "-") followed by a literal string "46]", so it
-       would match "W46]" or "-46]". However, if the "]"  is  escaped  with  a
-       backslash  it is interpreted as the end of range, so [W-\]46] is inter-
-       preted as a class containing a range followed by two other  characters.
-       The  octal or hexadecimal representation of "]" can also be used to end
+       ter  of a range. A pattern such as [W-]46] is interpreted as a class of
+       two characters ("W" and "-") followed by a literal string "46]", so  it
+       would  match  "W46]"  or  "-46]". However, if the "]" is escaped with a
+       backslash it is interpreted as the end of range, so [W-\]46] is  inter-
+       preted  as a class containing a range followed by two other characters.
+       The octal or hexadecimal representation of "]" can also be used to  end
        a range.
 
-       An error is generated if a POSIX character  class  (see  below)  or  an
-       escape  sequence other than one that defines a single character appears
-       at a point where a range ending character  is  expected.  For  example,
+       An  error  is  generated  if  a POSIX character class (see below) or an
+       escape sequence other than one that defines a single character  appears
+       at  a  point  where  a range ending character is expected. For example,
        [z-\xff] is valid, but [A-\d] and [A-[:digit:]] are not.
 
-       Ranges  operate in the collating sequence of character values. They can
-       also  be  used  for  characters  specified  numerically,  for   example
-       [\000-\037].  Ranges  can include any characters that are valid for the
+       Ranges operate in the collating sequence of character values. They  can
+       also   be  used  for  characters  specified  numerically,  for  example
+       [\000-\037]. Ranges can include any characters that are valid  for  the
        current mode.
 
        If a range that includes letters is used when caseless matching is set,
        it matches the letters in either case. For example, [W-c] is equivalent
-       to [][\\^_`wxyzabc], matched caselessly, and  in  a  non-UTF  mode,  if
-       character  tables  for  a French locale are in use, [\xc8-\xcb] matches
-       accented E characters in both cases. In UTF modes,  PCRE  supports  the
-       concept  of  case for characters with values greater than 128 only when
+       to  [][\\^_`wxyzabc],  matched  caselessly,  and  in a non-UTF mode, if
+       character tables for a French locale are in  use,  [\xc8-\xcb]  matches
+       accented  E  characters  in both cases. In UTF modes, PCRE supports the
+       concept of case for characters with values greater than 128  only  when
        it is compiled with Unicode property support.
 
-       The character escape sequences \d, \D, \h, \H, \p, \P, \s, \S, \v,  \V,
+       The  character escape sequences \d, \D, \h, \H, \p, \P, \s, \S, \v, \V,
        \w, and \W may appear in a character class, and add the characters that
-       they match to the class. For example, [\dABCDEF] matches any  hexadeci-
-       mal  digit.  In  UTF modes, the PCRE_UCP option affects the meanings of
-       \d, \s, \w and their upper case partners, just as  it  does  when  they
-       appear  outside a character class, as described in the section entitled
+       they  match to the class. For example, [\dABCDEF] matches any hexadeci-
+       mal digit. In UTF modes, the PCRE_UCP option affects  the  meanings  of
+       \d,  \s,  \w  and  their upper case partners, just as it does when they
+       appear outside a character class, as described in the section  entitled
        "Generic character types" above. The escape sequence \b has a different
-       meaning  inside  a character class; it matches the backspace character.
-       The sequences \B, \N, \R, and \X are not  special  inside  a  character
-       class.  Like  any other unrecognized escape sequences, they are treated
-       as the literal characters "B", "N", "R", and "X" by default, but  cause
+       meaning inside a character class; it matches the  backspace  character.
+       The  sequences  \B,  \N,  \R, and \X are not special inside a character
+       class. Like any other unrecognized escape sequences, they  are  treated
+       as  the literal characters "B", "N", "R", and "X" by default, but cause
        an error if the PCRE_EXTRA option is set.
 
-       A  circumflex  can  conveniently  be used with the upper case character
-       types to specify a more restricted set of characters than the  matching
-       lower  case  type.  For example, the class [^\W_] matches any letter or
+       A circumflex can conveniently be used with  the  upper  case  character
+       types  to specify a more restricted set of characters than the matching
+       lower case type.  For example, the class [^\W_] matches any  letter  or
        digit, but not underscore, whereas [\w] includes underscore. A positive
        character class should be read as "something OR something OR ..." and a
        negative class as "NOT something AND NOT something AND NOT ...".
 
-       The only metacharacters that are recognized in  character  classes  are
-       backslash,  hyphen  (only  where  it can be interpreted as specifying a
-       range), circumflex (only at the start), opening  square  bracket  (only
-       when  it can be interpreted as introducing a POSIX class name, or for a
-       special compatibility feature - see the next  two  sections),  and  the
+       The  only  metacharacters  that are recognized in character classes are
+       backslash, hyphen (only where it can be  interpreted  as  specifying  a
+       range),  circumflex  (only  at the start), opening square bracket (only
+       when it can be interpreted as introducing a POSIX class name, or for  a
+       special  compatibility  feature  -  see the next two sections), and the
        terminating  closing  square  bracket.  However,  escaping  other  non-
        alphanumeric characters does no harm.
 
@@ -5848,7 +5861,7 @@ SQUARE BRACKETS AND CHARACTER CLASSES
 POSIX CHARACTER CLASSES
 
        Perl supports the POSIX notation for character classes. This uses names
-       enclosed  by  [: and :] within the enclosing square brackets. PCRE also
+       enclosed by [: and :] within the enclosing square brackets.  PCRE  also
        supports this notation. For example,
 
          [01[:alpha:]%]
@@ -5871,28 +5884,28 @@ POSIX CHARACTER CLASSES
          word     "word" characters (same as \w)
          xdigit   hexadecimal digits
 
-       The  default  "space" characters are HT (9), LF (10), VT (11), FF (12),
-       CR (13), and space (32). If locale-specific matching is  taking  place,
-       the  list  of  space characters may be different; there may be fewer or
+       The default "space" characters are HT (9), LF (10), VT (11),  FF  (12),
+       CR  (13),  and space (32). If locale-specific matching is taking place,
+       the list of space characters may be different; there may  be  fewer  or
        more of them. "Space" used to be different to \s, which did not include
        VT, for Perl compatibility.  However, Perl changed at release 5.18, and
-       PCRE followed at release 8.34.  "Space" and \s now match the  same  set
+       PCRE  followed  at release 8.34.  "Space" and \s now match the same set
        of characters.
 
-       The  name  "word"  is  a Perl extension, and "blank" is a GNU extension
-       from Perl 5.8. Another Perl extension is negation, which  is  indicated
+       The name "word" is a Perl extension, and "blank"  is  a  GNU  extension
+       from  Perl  5.8. Another Perl extension is negation, which is indicated
        by a ^ character after the colon. For example,
 
          [12[:^digit:]]
 
-       matches  "1", "2", or any non-digit. PCRE (and Perl) also recognize the
+       matches "1", "2", or any non-digit. PCRE (and Perl) also recognize  the
        POSIX syntax [.ch.] and [=ch=] where "ch" is a "collating element", but
        these are not supported, and an error is given if they are encountered.
 
        By default, characters with values greater than 128 do not match any of
-       the POSIX character classes. However, if the PCRE_UCP option is  passed
-       to  pcre_compile(),  some  of  the  classes are changed so that Unicode
-       character properties are used. This is achieved  by  replacing  certain
+       the  POSIX character classes. However, if the PCRE_UCP option is passed
+       to pcre_compile(), some of the classes  are  changed  so  that  Unicode
+       character  properties  are  used. This is achieved by replacing certain
        POSIX classes by other sequences, as follows:
 
          [:alnum:]  becomes  \p{Xan}
@@ -5904,10 +5917,10 @@ POSIX CHARACTER CLASSES
          [:upper:]  becomes  \p{Lu}
          [:word:]   becomes  \p{Xwd}
 
-       Negated  versions, such as [:^alpha:] use \P instead of \p. Three other
+       Negated versions, such as [:^alpha:] use \P instead of \p. Three  other
        POSIX classes are handled specially in UCP mode:
 
-       [:graph:] This matches characters that have glyphs that mark  the  page
+       [:graph:] This  matches  characters that have glyphs that mark the page
                  when printed. In Unicode property terms, it matches all char-
                  acters with the L, M, N, P, S, or Cf properties, except for:
 
@@ -5916,58 +5929,58 @@ POSIX CHARACTER CLASSES
                    U+2066 - U+2069  Various "isolate"s
 
 
-       [:print:] This matches the same  characters  as  [:graph:]  plus  space
-                 characters  that  are  not controls, that is, characters with
+       [:print:] This  matches  the  same  characters  as [:graph:] plus space
+                 characters that are not controls, that  is,  characters  with
                  the Zs property.
 
        [:punct:] This matches all characters that have the Unicode P (punctua-
-                 tion)  property,  plus those characters whose code points are
+                 tion) property, plus those characters whose code  points  are
                  less than 128 that have the S (Symbol) property.
 
-       The other POSIX classes are unchanged, and match only  characters  with
+       The  other  POSIX classes are unchanged, and match only characters with
        code points less than 128.
 
 
 COMPATIBILITY FEATURE FOR WORD BOUNDARIES
 
-       In  the POSIX.2 compliant library that was included in 4.4BSD Unix, the
-       ugly syntax [[:<:]] and [[:>:]] is used for matching  "start  of  word"
+       In the POSIX.2 compliant library that was included in 4.4BSD Unix,  the
+       ugly  syntax  [[:<:]]  and [[:>:]] is used for matching "start of word"
        and "end of word". PCRE treats these items as follows:
 
          [[:<:]]  is converted to  \b(?=\w)
          [[:>:]]  is converted to  \b(?<=\w)
 
        Only these exact character sequences are recognized. A sequence such as
-       [a[:<:]b] provokes error for an unrecognized  POSIX  class  name.  This
-       support  is not compatible with Perl. It is provided to help migrations
+       [a[:<:]b]  provokes  error  for  an unrecognized POSIX class name. This
+       support is not compatible with Perl. It is provided to help  migrations
        from other environments, and is best not used in any new patterns. Note
-       that  \b matches at the start and the end of a word (see "Simple asser-
-       tions" above), and in a Perl-style pattern the preceding  or  following
-       character  normally  shows  which  is  wanted, without the need for the
-       assertions that are used above in order to give exactly the  POSIX  be-
+       that \b matches at the start and the end of a word (see "Simple  asser-
+       tions"  above),  and in a Perl-style pattern the preceding or following
+       character normally shows which is wanted,  without  the  need  for  the
+       assertions  that  are used above in order to give exactly the POSIX be-
        haviour.
 
 
 VERTICAL BAR
 
-       Vertical  bar characters are used to separate alternative patterns. For
+       Vertical bar characters are used to separate alternative patterns.  For
        example, the pattern
 
          gilbert|sullivan
 
-       matches either "gilbert" or "sullivan". Any number of alternatives  may
-       appear,  and  an  empty  alternative  is  permitted (matching the empty
+       matches  either "gilbert" or "sullivan". Any number of alternatives may
+       appear, and an empty  alternative  is  permitted  (matching  the  empty
        string). The matching process tries each alternative in turn, from left
-       to  right, and the first one that succeeds is used. If the alternatives
-       are within a subpattern (defined below), "succeeds" means matching  the
+       to right, and the first one that succeeds is used. If the  alternatives
+       are  within a subpattern (defined below), "succeeds" means matching the
        rest of the main pattern as well as the alternative in the subpattern.
 
 
 INTERNAL OPTION SETTING
 
-       The  settings  of  the  PCRE_CASELESS, PCRE_MULTILINE, PCRE_DOTALL, and
-       PCRE_EXTENDED options (which are Perl-compatible) can be  changed  from
-       within  the  pattern  by  a  sequence  of  Perl option letters enclosed
+       The settings of the  PCRE_CASELESS,  PCRE_MULTILINE,  PCRE_DOTALL,  and
+       PCRE_EXTENDED  options  (which are Perl-compatible) can be changed from
+       within the pattern by  a  sequence  of  Perl  option  letters  enclosed
        between "(?" and ")".  The option letters are
 
          i  for PCRE_CASELESS
@@ -5977,51 +5990,51 @@ INTERNAL OPTION SETTING
 
        For example, (?im) sets caseless, multiline matching. It is also possi-
        ble to unset these options by preceding the letter with a hyphen, and a
-       combined setting and unsetting such as (?im-sx), which sets  PCRE_CASE-
-       LESS  and PCRE_MULTILINE while unsetting PCRE_DOTALL and PCRE_EXTENDED,
-       is also permitted. If a  letter  appears  both  before  and  after  the
+       combined  setting and unsetting such as (?im-sx), which sets PCRE_CASE-
+       LESS and PCRE_MULTILINE while unsetting PCRE_DOTALL and  PCRE_EXTENDED,
+       is  also  permitted.  If  a  letter  appears  both before and after the
        hyphen, the option is unset.
 
-       The  PCRE-specific options PCRE_DUPNAMES, PCRE_UNGREEDY, and PCRE_EXTRA
-       can be changed in the same way as the Perl-compatible options by  using
+       The PCRE-specific options PCRE_DUPNAMES, PCRE_UNGREEDY, and  PCRE_EXTRA
+       can  be changed in the same way as the Perl-compatible options by using
        the characters J, U and X respectively.
 
-       When  one  of  these  option  changes occurs at top level (that is, not
-       inside subpattern parentheses), the change applies to the remainder  of
+       When one of these option changes occurs at  top  level  (that  is,  not
+       inside  subpattern parentheses), the change applies to the remainder of
        the pattern that follows. If the change is placed right at the start of
        a pattern, PCRE extracts it into the global options (and it will there-
        fore show up in data extracted by the pcre_fullinfo() function).
 
-       An  option  change  within a subpattern (see below for a description of
-       subpatterns) affects only that part of the subpattern that follows  it,
+       An option change within a subpattern (see below for  a  description  of
+       subpatterns)  affects only that part of the subpattern that follows it,
        so
 
          (a(?i)b)c
 
        matches abc and aBc and no other strings (assuming PCRE_CASELESS is not
-       used).  By this means, options can be made to have  different  settings
-       in  different parts of the pattern. Any changes made in one alternative
-       do carry on into subsequent branches within the  same  subpattern.  For
+       used).   By  this means, options can be made to have different settings
+       in different parts of the pattern. Any changes made in one  alternative
+       do  carry  on  into subsequent branches within the same subpattern. For
        example,
 
          (a(?i)b|c)
 
-       matches  "ab",  "aB",  "c",  and "C", even though when matching "C" the
-       first branch is abandoned before the option setting.  This  is  because
-       the  effects  of option settings happen at compile time. There would be
+       matches "ab", "aB", "c", and "C", even though  when  matching  "C"  the
+       first  branch  is  abandoned before the option setting. This is because
+       the effects of option settings happen at compile time. There  would  be
        some very weird behaviour otherwise.
 
-       Note: There are other PCRE-specific options that  can  be  set  by  the
-       application  when  the  compiling  or matching functions are called. In
-       some cases the pattern can contain special leading  sequences  such  as
-       (*CRLF)  to  override  what  the  application  has set or what has been
-       defaulted.  Details  are  given  in  the  section   entitled   "Newline
-       sequences"  above.  There  are also the (*UTF8), (*UTF16),(*UTF32), and
-       (*UCP) leading sequences that can be used to set UTF and Unicode  prop-
-       erty  modes;  they are equivalent to setting the PCRE_UTF8, PCRE_UTF16,
-       PCRE_UTF32 and the PCRE_UCP options, respectively. The (*UTF)  sequence
-       is  a  generic version that can be used with any of the libraries. How-
-       ever, the application can set the PCRE_NEVER_UTF  option,  which  locks
+       Note:  There  are  other  PCRE-specific  options that can be set by the
+       application when the compiling or matching  functions  are  called.  In
+       some  cases  the  pattern can contain special leading sequences such as
+       (*CRLF) to override what the application  has  set  or  what  has  been
+       defaulted.   Details   are  given  in  the  section  entitled  "Newline
+       sequences" above. There are also the  (*UTF8),  (*UTF16),(*UTF32),  and
+       (*UCP)  leading sequences that can be used to set UTF and Unicode prop-
+       erty modes; they are equivalent to setting the  PCRE_UTF8,  PCRE_UTF16,
+       PCRE_UTF32  and the PCRE_UCP options, respectively. The (*UTF) sequence
+       is a generic version that can be used with any of the  libraries.  How-
+       ever,  the  application  can set the PCRE_NEVER_UTF option, which locks
        out the use of the (*UTF) sequences.
 
 
@@ -6034,18 +6047,18 @@ SUBPATTERNS
 
          cat(aract|erpillar|)
 
-       matches "cataract", "caterpillar", or "cat". Without  the  parentheses,
+       matches  "cataract",  "caterpillar", or "cat". Without the parentheses,
        it would match "cataract", "erpillar" or an empty string.
 
-       2.  It  sets  up  the  subpattern as a capturing subpattern. This means
-       that, when the whole pattern  matches,  that  portion  of  the  subject
+       2. It sets up the subpattern as  a  capturing  subpattern.  This  means
+       that,  when  the  whole  pattern  matches,  that portion of the subject
        string that matched the subpattern is passed back to the caller via the
-       ovector argument of the matching function. (This applies  only  to  the
-       traditional  matching functions; the DFA matching functions do not sup-
+       ovector  argument  of  the matching function. (This applies only to the
+       traditional matching functions; the DFA matching functions do not  sup-
        port capturing.)
 
        Opening parentheses are counted from left to right (starting from 1) to
-       obtain  numbers  for  the  capturing  subpatterns.  For example, if the
+       obtain numbers for the  capturing  subpatterns.  For  example,  if  the
        string "the red king" is matched against the pattern
 
          the ((red|white) (king|queen))
@@ -6053,12 +6066,12 @@ SUBPATTERNS
        the captured substrings are "red king", "red", and "king", and are num-
        bered 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
 
-       The  fact  that  plain  parentheses  fulfil two functions is not always
-       helpful.  There are often times when a grouping subpattern is  required
-       without  a capturing requirement. If an opening parenthesis is followed
-       by a question mark and a colon, the subpattern does not do any  captur-
-       ing,  and  is  not  counted when computing the number of any subsequent
-       capturing subpatterns. For example, if the string "the white queen"  is
+       The fact that plain parentheses fulfil  two  functions  is  not  always
+       helpful.   There are often times when a grouping subpattern is required
+       without a capturing requirement. If an opening parenthesis is  followed
+       by  a question mark and a colon, the subpattern does not do any captur-
+       ing, and is not counted when computing the  number  of  any  subsequent
+       capturing  subpatterns. For example, if the string "the white queen" is
        matched against the pattern
 
          the ((?:red|white) (king|queen))
@@ -6066,37 +6079,37 @@ SUBPATTERNS
        the captured substrings are "white queen" and "queen", and are numbered
        1 and 2. The maximum number of capturing subpatterns is 65535.
 
-       As a convenient shorthand, if any option settings are required  at  the
-       start  of  a  non-capturing  subpattern,  the option letters may appear
+       As  a  convenient shorthand, if any option settings are required at the
+       start of a non-capturing subpattern,  the  option  letters  may  appear
        between the "?" and the ":". Thus the two patterns
 
          (?i:saturday|sunday)
          (?:(?i)saturday|sunday)
 
        match exactly the same set of strings. Because alternative branches are
-       tried  from  left  to right, and options are not reset until the end of
-       the subpattern is reached, an option setting in one branch does  affect
-       subsequent  branches,  so  the above patterns match "SUNDAY" as well as
+       tried from left to right, and options are not reset until  the  end  of
+       the  subpattern is reached, an option setting in one branch does affect
+       subsequent branches, so the above patterns match "SUNDAY"  as  well  as
        "Saturday".
 
 
 DUPLICATE SUBPATTERN NUMBERS
 
        Perl 5.10 introduced a feature whereby each alternative in a subpattern
-       uses  the same numbers for its capturing parentheses. Such a subpattern
-       starts with (?| and is itself a non-capturing subpattern. For  example,
+       uses the same numbers for its capturing parentheses. Such a  subpattern
+       starts  with (?| and is itself a non-capturing subpattern. For example,
        consider this pattern:
 
          (?|(Sat)ur|(Sun))day
 
-       Because  the two alternatives are inside a (?| group, both sets of cap-
-       turing parentheses are numbered one. Thus, when  the  pattern  matches,
-       you  can  look  at captured substring number one, whichever alternative
-       matched. This construct is useful when you want to  capture  part,  but
+       Because the two alternatives are inside a (?| group, both sets of  cap-
+       turing  parentheses  are  numbered one. Thus, when the pattern matches,
+       you can look at captured substring number  one,  whichever  alternative
+       matched.  This  construct  is useful when you want to capture part, but
        not all, of one of a number of alternatives. Inside a (?| group, paren-
-       theses are numbered as usual, but the number is reset at the  start  of
-       each  branch.  The numbers of any capturing parentheses that follow the
-       subpattern start after the highest number used in any branch. The  fol-
+       theses  are  numbered as usual, but the number is reset at the start of
+       each branch. The numbers of any capturing parentheses that  follow  the
+       subpattern  start after the highest number used in any branch. The fol-
        lowing example is taken from the Perl documentation. The numbers under-
        neath show in which buffer the captured content will be stored.
 
@@ -6104,58 +6117,58 @@ DUPLICATE SUBPATTERN NUMBERS
          / ( a )  (?| x ( y ) z | (p (q) r) | (t) u (v) ) ( z ) /x
          # 1            2         2  3        2     3     4
 
-       A back reference to a numbered subpattern uses the  most  recent  value
-       that  is  set  for that number by any subpattern. The following pattern
+       A  back  reference  to a numbered subpattern uses the most recent value
+       that is set for that number by any subpattern.  The  following  pattern
        matches "abcabc" or "defdef":
 
          /(?|(abc)|(def))\1/
 
-       In contrast, a subroutine call to a numbered subpattern  always  refers
-       to  the  first  one in the pattern with the given number. The following
+       In  contrast,  a subroutine call to a numbered subpattern always refers
+       to the first one in the pattern with the given  number.  The  following
        pattern matches "abcabc" or "defabc":
 
          /(?|(abc)|(def))(?1)/
 
-       If a condition test for a subpattern's having matched refers to a  non-
-       unique  number, the test is true if any of the subpatterns of that num-
+       If  a condition test for a subpattern's having matched refers to a non-
+       unique number, the test is true if any of the subpatterns of that  num-
        ber have matched.
 
-       An alternative approach to using this "branch reset" feature is to  use
+       An  alternative approach to using this "branch reset" feature is to use
        duplicate named subpatterns, as described in the next section.
 
 
 NAMED SUBPATTERNS
 
-       Identifying  capturing  parentheses  by number is simple, but it can be
-       very hard to keep track of the numbers in complicated  regular  expres-
-       sions.  Furthermore,  if  an  expression  is  modified, the numbers may
-       change. To help with this difficulty, PCRE supports the naming of  sub-
+       Identifying capturing parentheses by number is simple, but  it  can  be
+       very  hard  to keep track of the numbers in complicated regular expres-
+       sions. Furthermore, if an  expression  is  modified,  the  numbers  may
+       change.  To help with this difficulty, PCRE supports the naming of sub-
        patterns. This feature was not added to Perl until release 5.10. Python
-       had the feature earlier, and PCRE introduced it at release  4.0,  using
-       the  Python syntax. PCRE now supports both the Perl and the Python syn-
-       tax. Perl allows identically numbered  subpatterns  to  have  different
+       had  the  feature earlier, and PCRE introduced it at release 4.0, using
+       the Python syntax. PCRE now supports both the Perl and the Python  syn-
+       tax.  Perl  allows  identically  numbered subpatterns to have different
        names, but PCRE does not.
 
-       In  PCRE,  a subpattern can be named in one of three ways: (?<name>...)
-       or (?'name'...) as in Perl, or (?P<name>...) as in  Python.  References
-       to  capturing parentheses from other parts of the pattern, such as back
-       references, recursion, and conditions, can be made by name as  well  as
+       In PCRE, a subpattern can be named in one of three  ways:  (?<name>...)
+       or  (?'name'...)  as in Perl, or (?P<name>...) as in Python. References
+       to capturing parentheses from other parts of the pattern, such as  back
+       references,  recursion,  and conditions, can be made by name as well as
        by number.
 
-       Names  consist of up to 32 alphanumeric characters and underscores, but
-       must start with a non-digit.  Named  capturing  parentheses  are  still
-       allocated  numbers  as  well as names, exactly as if the names were not
-       present. The PCRE API provides function calls for extracting the  name-
-       to-number  translation  table  from a compiled pattern. There is also a
+       Names consist of up to 32 alphanumeric characters and underscores,  but
+       must  start  with  a  non-digit.  Named capturing parentheses are still
+       allocated numbers as well as names, exactly as if the  names  were  not
+       present.  The PCRE API provides function calls for extracting the name-
+       to-number translation table from a compiled pattern. There  is  also  a
        convenience function for extracting a captured substring by name.
 
-       By default, a name must be unique within a pattern, but it is  possible
+       By  default, a name must be unique within a pattern, but it is possible
        to relax this constraint by setting the PCRE_DUPNAMES option at compile
-       time. (Duplicate names are also always permitted for  subpatterns  with
-       the  same  number, set up as described in the previous section.) Dupli-
-       cate names can be useful for patterns where only one  instance  of  the
-       named  parentheses  can  match. Suppose you want to match the name of a
-       weekday, either as a 3-letter abbreviation or as the full name, and  in
+       time.  (Duplicate  names are also always permitted for subpatterns with
+       the same number, set up as described in the previous  section.)  Dupli-
+       cate  names  can  be useful for patterns where only one instance of the
+       named parentheses can match. Suppose you want to match the  name  of  a
+       weekday,  either as a 3-letter abbreviation or as the full name, and in
        both cases you want to extract the abbreviation. This pattern (ignoring
        the line breaks) does the job:
 
@@ -6165,18 +6178,18 @@ NAMED SUBPATTERNS
          (?<DN>Thu)(?:rsday)?|
          (?<DN>Sat)(?:urday)?
 
-       There are five capturing substrings, but only one is ever set  after  a
+       There  are  five capturing substrings, but only one is ever set after a
        match.  (An alternative way of solving this problem is to use a "branch
        reset" subpattern, as described in the previous section.)
 
-       The convenience function for extracting the data by  name  returns  the
-       substring  for  the first (and in this example, the only) subpattern of
-       that name that matched. This saves searching  to  find  which  numbered
+       The  convenience  function  for extracting the data by name returns the
+       substring for the first (and in this example, the only)  subpattern  of
+       that  name  that  matched.  This saves searching to find which numbered
        subpattern it was.
 
-       If  you  make  a  back  reference to a non-unique named subpattern from
-       elsewhere in the pattern, the subpatterns to which the name refers  are
-       checked  in  the order in which they appear in the overall pattern. The
+       If you make a back reference to  a  non-unique  named  subpattern  from
+       elsewhere  in the pattern, the subpatterns to which the name refers are
+       checked in the order in which they appear in the overall  pattern.  The
        first one that is set is used for the reference. For example, this pat-
        tern matches both "foofoo" and "barbar" but not "foobar" or "barfoo":
 
@@ -6184,29 +6197,29 @@ NAMED SUBPATTERNS
 
 
        If you make a subroutine call to a non-unique named subpattern, the one
-       that corresponds to the first occurrence of the name is  used.  In  the
+       that  corresponds  to  the first occurrence of the name is used. In the
        absence of duplicate numbers (see the previous section) this is the one
        with the lowest number.
 
        If you use a named reference in a condition test (see the section about
        conditions below), either to check whether a subpattern has matched, or
-       to check for recursion, all subpatterns with the same name are  tested.
-       If  the condition is true for any one of them, the overall condition is
-       true. This is the same behaviour as  testing  by  number.  For  further
-       details  of  the  interfaces  for  handling  named subpatterns, see the
+       to  check for recursion, all subpatterns with the same name are tested.
+       If the condition is true for any one of them, the overall condition  is
+       true.  This  is  the  same  behaviour as testing by number. For further
+       details of the interfaces  for  handling  named  subpatterns,  see  the
        pcreapi documentation.
 
        Warning: You cannot use different names to distinguish between two sub-
-       patterns  with  the same number because PCRE uses only the numbers when
+       patterns with the same number because PCRE uses only the  numbers  when
        matching. For this reason, an error is given at compile time if differ-
-       ent  names  are given to subpatterns with the same number. However, you
+       ent names are given to subpatterns with the same number.  However,  you
        can always give the same name to subpatterns with the same number, even
        when PCRE_DUPNAMES is not set.
 
 
 REPETITION
 
-       Repetition  is  specified  by  quantifiers, which can follow any of the
+       Repetition is specified by quantifiers, which can  follow  any  of  the
        following items:
 
          a literal data character
@@ -6220,17 +6233,17 @@ REPETITION
          a parenthesized subpattern (including assertions)
          a subroutine call to a subpattern (recursive or otherwise)
 
-       The general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum  num-
-       ber  of  permitted matches, by giving the two numbers in curly brackets
-       (braces), separated by a comma. The numbers must be  less  than  65536,
+       The  general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum num-
+       ber of permitted matches, by giving the two numbers in  curly  brackets
+       (braces),  separated  by  a comma. The numbers must be less than 65536,
        and the first must be less than or equal to the second. For example:
 
          z{2,4}
 
-       matches  "zz",  "zzz",  or  "zzzz". A closing brace on its own is not a
-       special character. If the second number is omitted, but  the  comma  is
-       present,  there  is  no upper limit; if the second number and the comma
-       are both omitted, the quantifier specifies an exact number of  required
+       matches "zz", "zzz", or "zzzz". A closing brace on its  own  is  not  a
+       special  character.  If  the second number is omitted, but the comma is
+       present, there is no upper limit; if the second number  and  the  comma
+       are  both omitted, the quantifier specifies an exact number of required
        matches. Thus
 
          [aeiou]{3,}
@@ -6239,50 +6252,50 @@ REPETITION
 
          \d{8}
 
-       matches  exactly  8  digits. An opening curly bracket that appears in a
-       position where a quantifier is not allowed, or one that does not  match
-       the  syntax of a quantifier, is taken as a literal character. For exam-
+       matches exactly 8 digits. An opening curly bracket that  appears  in  a
+       position  where a quantifier is not allowed, or one that does not match
+       the syntax of a quantifier, is taken as a literal character. For  exam-
        ple, {,6} is not a quantifier, but a literal string of four characters.
 
        In UTF modes, quantifiers apply to characters rather than to individual
-       data  units. Thus, for example, \x{100}{2} matches two characters, each
+       data units. Thus, for example, \x{100}{2} matches two characters,  each
        of which is represented by a two-byte sequence in a UTF-8 string. Simi-
-       larly,  \X{3} matches three Unicode extended grapheme clusters, each of
-       which may be several data units long (and  they  may  be  of  different
+       larly, \X{3} matches three Unicode extended grapheme clusters, each  of
+       which  may  be  several  data  units long (and they may be of different
        lengths).
 
        The quantifier {0} is permitted, causing the expression to behave as if
        the previous item and the quantifier were not present. This may be use-
-       ful  for  subpatterns that are referenced as subroutines from elsewhere
+       ful for subpatterns that are referenced as subroutines  from  elsewhere
        in the pattern (but see also the section entitled "Defining subpatterns
-       for  use  by  reference only" below). Items other than subpatterns that
+       for use by reference only" below). Items other  than  subpatterns  that
        have a {0} quantifier are omitted from the compiled pattern.
 
-       For convenience, the three most common quantifiers have  single-charac-
+       For  convenience, the three most common quantifiers have single-charac-
        ter abbreviations:
 
          *    is equivalent to {0,}
          +    is equivalent to {1,}
          ?    is equivalent to {0,1}
 
-       It  is  possible  to construct infinite loops by following a subpattern
+       It is possible to construct infinite loops by  following  a  subpattern
        that can match no characters with a quantifier that has no upper limit,
        for example:
 
          (a?)*
 
        Earlier versions of Perl and PCRE used to give an error at compile time
-       for such patterns. However, because there are cases where this  can  be
-       useful,  such  patterns  are now accepted, but if any repetition of the
-       subpattern does in fact match no characters, the loop is forcibly  bro-
+       for  such  patterns. However, because there are cases where this can be
+       useful, such patterns are now accepted, but if any  repetition  of  the
+       subpattern  does in fact match no characters, the loop is forcibly bro-
        ken.
 
-       By  default,  the quantifiers are "greedy", that is, they match as much
-       as possible (up to the maximum  number  of  permitted  times),  without
-       causing  the  rest of the pattern to fail. The classic example of where
+       By default, the quantifiers are "greedy", that is, they match  as  much
+       as  possible  (up  to  the  maximum number of permitted times), without
+       causing the rest of the pattern to fail. The classic example  of  where
        this gives problems is in trying to match comments in C programs. These
-       appear  between  /*  and  */ and within the comment, individual * and /
-       characters may appear. An attempt to match C comments by  applying  the
+       appear between /* and */ and within the comment,  individual  *  and  /
+       characters  may  appear. An attempt to match C comments by applying the
        pattern
 
          /\*.*\*/
@@ -6291,19 +6304,19 @@ REPETITION
 
          /* first comment */  not comment  /* second comment */
 
-       fails,  because it matches the entire string owing to the greediness of
+       fails, because it matches the entire string owing to the greediness  of
        the .*  item.
 
-       However, if a quantifier is followed by a question mark, it  ceases  to
+       However,  if  a quantifier is followed by a question mark, it ceases to
        be greedy, and instead matches the minimum number of times possible, so
        the pattern
 
          /\*.*?\*/
 
-       does the right thing with the C comments. The meaning  of  the  various
-       quantifiers  is  not  otherwise  changed,  just the preferred number of
-       matches.  Do not confuse this use of question mark with its  use  as  a
-       quantifier  in its own right. Because it has two uses, it can sometimes
+       does  the  right  thing with the C comments. The meaning of the various
+       quantifiers is not otherwise changed,  just  the  preferred  number  of
+       matches.   Do  not  confuse this use of question mark with its use as a
+       quantifier in its own right. Because it has two uses, it can  sometimes
        appear doubled, as in
 
          \d??\d
@@ -6311,45 +6324,45 @@ REPETITION
        which matches one digit by preference, but can match two if that is the
        only way the rest of the pattern matches.
 
-       If  the PCRE_UNGREEDY option is set (an option that is not available in
-       Perl), the quantifiers are not greedy by default, but  individual  ones
-       can  be  made  greedy  by following them with a question mark. In other
+       If the PCRE_UNGREEDY option is set (an option that is not available  in
+       Perl),  the  quantifiers are not greedy by default, but individual ones
+       can be made greedy by following them with a  question  mark.  In  other
        words, it inverts the default behaviour.
 
-       When a parenthesized subpattern is quantified  with  a  minimum  repeat
-       count  that is greater than 1 or with a limited maximum, more memory is
-       required for the compiled pattern, in proportion to  the  size  of  the
+       When  a  parenthesized  subpattern  is quantified with a minimum repeat
+       count that is greater than 1 or with a limited maximum, more memory  is
+       required  for  the  compiled  pattern, in proportion to the size of the
        minimum or maximum.
 
        If a pattern starts with .* or .{0,} and the PCRE_DOTALL option (equiv-
-       alent to Perl's /s) is set, thus allowing the dot  to  match  newlines,
-       the  pattern  is  implicitly anchored, because whatever follows will be
-       tried against every character position in the subject string, so  there
-       is  no  point  in  retrying the overall match at any position after the
-       first. PCRE normally treats such a pattern as though it  were  preceded
+       alent  to  Perl's  /s) is set, thus allowing the dot to match newlines,
+       the pattern is implicitly anchored, because whatever  follows  will  be
+       tried  against every character position in the subject string, so there
+       is no point in retrying the overall match at  any  position  after  the
+       first.  PCRE  normally treats such a pattern as though it were preceded
        by \A.
 
-       In  cases  where  it  is known that the subject string contains no new-
-       lines, it is worth setting PCRE_DOTALL in order to  obtain  this  opti-
+       In cases where it is known that the subject  string  contains  no  new-
+       lines,  it  is  worth setting PCRE_DOTALL in order to obtain this opti-
        mization, or alternatively using ^ to indicate anchoring explicitly.
 
-       However,  there  are  some cases where the optimization cannot be used.
+       However, there are some cases where the optimization  cannot  be  used.
        When .*  is inside capturing parentheses that are the subject of a back
        reference elsewhere in the pattern, a match at the start may fail where
        a later one succeeds. Consider, for example:
 
          (.*)abc\1
 
-       If the subject is "xyz123abc123" the match point is the fourth  charac-
+       If  the subject is "xyz123abc123" the match point is the fourth charac-
        ter. For this reason, such a pattern is not implicitly anchored.
 
-       Another  case where implicit anchoring is not applied is when the lead-
-       ing .* is inside an atomic group. Once again, a match at the start  may
+       Another case where implicit anchoring is not applied is when the  lead-
+       ing  .* is inside an atomic group. Once again, a match at the start may
        fail where a later one succeeds. Consider this pattern:
 
          (?>.*?a)b
 
-       It  matches "ab" in the subject "aab". The use of the backtracking con-
+       It matches "ab" in the subject "aab". The use of the backtracking  con-
        trol verbs (*PRUNE) and (*SKIP) also disable this optimization.
 
        When a capturing subpattern is repeated, the value captured is the sub-
@@ -6358,8 +6371,8 @@ REPETITION
          (tweedle[dume]{3}\s*)+
 
        has matched "tweedledum tweedledee" the value of the captured substring
-       is "tweedledee". However, if there are  nested  capturing  subpatterns,
-       the  corresponding captured values may have been set in previous itera-
+       is  "tweedledee".  However,  if there are nested capturing subpatterns,
+       the corresponding captured values may have been set in previous  itera-
        tions. For example, after
 
          /(a|(b))+/
@@ -6369,53 +6382,53 @@ REPETITION
 
 ATOMIC GROUPING AND POSSESSIVE QUANTIFIERS
 
-       With both maximizing ("greedy") and minimizing ("ungreedy"  or  "lazy")
-       repetition,  failure  of what follows normally causes the repeated item
-       to be re-evaluated to see if a different number of repeats  allows  the
-       rest  of  the pattern to match. Sometimes it is useful to prevent this,
-       either to change the nature of the match, or to cause it  fail  earlier
-       than  it otherwise might, when the author of the pattern knows there is
+       With  both  maximizing ("greedy") and minimizing ("ungreedy" or "lazy")
+       repetition, failure of what follows normally causes the  repeated  item
+       to  be  re-evaluated to see if a different number of repeats allows the
+       rest of the pattern to match. Sometimes it is useful to  prevent  this,
+       either  to  change the nature of the match, or to cause it fail earlier
+       than it otherwise might, when the author of the pattern knows there  is
        no point in carrying on.
 
-       Consider, for example, the pattern \d+foo when applied to  the  subject
+       Consider,  for  example, the pattern \d+foo when applied to the subject
        line
 
          123456bar
 
        After matching all 6 digits and then failing to match "foo", the normal
-       action of the matcher is to try again with only 5 digits  matching  the
-       \d+  item,  and  then  with  4,  and  so on, before ultimately failing.
-       "Atomic grouping" (a term taken from Jeffrey  Friedl's  book)  provides
-       the  means for specifying that once a subpattern has matched, it is not
+       action  of  the matcher is to try again with only 5 digits matching the
+       \d+ item, and then with  4,  and  so  on,  before  ultimately  failing.
+       "Atomic  grouping"  (a  term taken from Jeffrey Friedl's book) provides
+       the means for specifying that once a subpattern has matched, it is  not
        to be re-evaluated in this way.
 
-       If we use atomic grouping for the previous example, the  matcher  gives
-       up  immediately  on failing to match "foo" the first time. The notation
+       If  we  use atomic grouping for the previous example, the matcher gives
+       up immediately on failing to match "foo" the first time.  The  notation
        is a kind of special parenthesis, starting with (?> as in this example:
 
          (?>\d+)foo
 
-       This kind of parenthesis "locks up" the  part of the  pattern  it  con-
-       tains  once  it  has matched, and a failure further into the pattern is
-       prevented from backtracking into it. Backtracking past it  to  previous
+       This  kind  of  parenthesis "locks up" the  part of the pattern it con-
+       tains once it has matched, and a failure further into  the  pattern  is
+       prevented  from  backtracking into it. Backtracking past it to previous
        items, however, works as normal.
 
-       An  alternative  description  is that a subpattern of this type matches
-       the string of characters that an  identical  standalone  pattern  would
+       An alternative description is that a subpattern of  this  type  matches
+       the  string  of  characters  that an identical standalone pattern would
        match, if anchored at the current point in the subject string.
 
        Atomic grouping subpatterns are not capturing subpatterns. Simple cases
        such as the above example can be thought of as a maximizing repeat that
-       must  swallow  everything  it can. So, while both \d+ and \d+? are pre-
-       pared to adjust the number of digits they match in order  to  make  the
+       must swallow everything it can. So, while both \d+ and  \d+?  are  pre-
+       pared  to  adjust  the number of digits they match in order to make the
        rest of the pattern match, (?>\d+) can only match an entire sequence of
        digits.
 
-       Atomic groups in general can of course contain arbitrarily  complicated
-       subpatterns,  and  can  be  nested. However, when the subpattern for an
+       Atomic  groups in general can of course contain arbitrarily complicated
+       subpatterns, and can be nested. However, when  the  subpattern  for  an
        atomic group is just a single repeated item, as in the example above, a
-       simpler  notation,  called  a "possessive quantifier" can be used. This
-       consists of an additional + character  following  a  quantifier.  Using
+       simpler notation, called a "possessive quantifier" can  be  used.  This
+       consists  of  an  additional  + character following a quantifier. Using
        this notation, the previous example can be rewritten as
 
          \d++foo
@@ -6425,45 +6438,45 @@ ATOMIC GROUPING AND POSSESSIVE QUANTIFIERS
 
          (abc|xyz){2,3}+
 
-       Possessive  quantifiers  are  always  greedy;  the   setting   of   the
+       Possessive   quantifiers   are   always  greedy;  the  setting  of  the
        PCRE_UNGREEDY option is ignored. They are a convenient notation for the
-       simpler forms of atomic group. However, there is no difference  in  the
-       meaning  of  a  possessive  quantifier and the equivalent atomic group,
-       though there may be a performance  difference;  possessive  quantifiers
+       simpler  forms  of atomic group. However, there is no difference in the
+       meaning of a possessive quantifier and  the  equivalent  atomic  group,
+       though  there  may  be a performance difference; possessive quantifiers
        should be slightly faster.
 
-       The  possessive  quantifier syntax is an extension to the Perl 5.8 syn-
-       tax.  Jeffrey Friedl originated the idea (and the name)  in  the  first
+       The possessive quantifier syntax is an extension to the Perl  5.8  syn-
+       tax.   Jeffrey  Friedl  originated the idea (and the name) in the first
        edition of his book. Mike McCloskey liked it, so implemented it when he
-       built Sun's Java package, and PCRE copied it from there. It  ultimately
+       built  Sun's Java package, and PCRE copied it from there. It ultimately
        found its way into Perl at release 5.10.
 
        PCRE has an optimization that automatically "possessifies" certain sim-
-       ple pattern constructs. For example, the sequence  A+B  is  treated  as
-       A++B  because  there is no point in backtracking into a sequence of A's
+       ple  pattern  constructs.  For  example, the sequence A+B is treated as
+       A++B because there is no point in backtracking into a sequence  of  A's
        when B must follow.
 
-       When a pattern contains an unlimited repeat inside  a  subpattern  that
-       can  itself  be  repeated  an  unlimited number of times, the use of an
-       atomic group is the only way to avoid some  failing  matches  taking  a
+       When  a  pattern  contains an unlimited repeat inside a subpattern that
+       can itself be repeated an unlimited number of  times,  the  use  of  an
+       atomic  group  is  the  only way to avoid some failing matches taking a
        very long time indeed. The pattern
 
          (\D+|<\d+>)*[!?]
 
-       matches  an  unlimited number of substrings that either consist of non-
-       digits, or digits enclosed in <>, followed by either ! or  ?.  When  it
+       matches an unlimited number of substrings that either consist  of  non-
+       digits,  or  digits  enclosed in <>, followed by either ! or ?. When it
        matches, it runs quickly. However, if it is applied to
 
          aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
 
-       it  takes  a  long  time  before reporting failure. This is because the
-       string can be divided between the internal \D+ repeat and the  external
-       *  repeat  in  a  large  number of ways, and all have to be tried. (The
-       example uses [!?] rather than a single character at  the  end,  because
-       both  PCRE  and  Perl have an optimization that allows for fast failure
-       when a single character is used. They remember the last single  charac-
-       ter  that  is required for a match, and fail early if it is not present
-       in the string.) If the pattern is changed so that  it  uses  an  atomic
+       it takes a long time before reporting  failure.  This  is  because  the
+       string  can be divided between the internal \D+ repeat and the external
+       * repeat in a large number of ways, and all  have  to  be  tried.  (The
+       example  uses  [!?]  rather than a single character at the end, because
+       both PCRE and Perl have an optimization that allows  for  fast  failure
+       when  a single character is used. They remember the last single charac-
+       ter that is required for a match, and fail early if it is  not  present
+       in  the  string.)  If  the pattern is changed so that it uses an atomic
        group, like this:
 
          ((?>\D+)|<\d+>)*[!?]
@@ -6475,28 +6488,28 @@ BACK REFERENCES
 
        Outside a character class, a backslash followed by a digit greater than
        0 (and possibly further digits) is a back reference to a capturing sub-
-       pattern  earlier  (that is, to its left) in the pattern, provided there
+       pattern earlier (that is, to its left) in the pattern,  provided  there
        have been that many previous capturing left parentheses.
 
        However, if the decimal number following the backslash is less than 10,
-       it  is  always  taken  as a back reference, and causes an error only if
-       there are not that many capturing left parentheses in the  entire  pat-
-       tern.  In  other words, the parentheses that are referenced need not be
-       to the left of the reference for numbers less than 10. A "forward  back
-       reference"  of  this  type can make sense when a repetition is involved
-       and the subpattern to the right has participated in an  earlier  itera-
+       it is always taken as a back reference, and causes  an  error  only  if
+       there  are  not that many capturing left parentheses in the entire pat-
+       tern. In other words, the parentheses that are referenced need  not  be
+       to  the left of the reference for numbers less than 10. A "forward back
+       reference" of this type can make sense when a  repetition  is  involved
+       and  the  subpattern to the right has participated in an earlier itera-
        tion.
 
-       It  is  not  possible to have a numerical "forward back reference" to a
-       subpattern whose number is 10 or  more  using  this  syntax  because  a
-       sequence  such  as  \50 is interpreted as a character defined in octal.
+       It is not possible to have a numerical "forward back  reference"  to  a
+       subpattern  whose  number  is  10  or  more using this syntax because a
+       sequence such as \50 is interpreted as a character  defined  in  octal.
        See the subsection entitled "Non-printing characters" above for further
-       details  of  the  handling of digits following a backslash. There is no
-       such problem when named parentheses are used. A back reference  to  any
+       details of the handling of digits following a backslash.  There  is  no
+       such  problem  when named parentheses are used. A back reference to any
        subpattern is possible using named parentheses (see below).
 
-       Another  way  of  avoiding  the ambiguity inherent in the use of digits
-       following a backslash is to use the \g  escape  sequence.  This  escape
+       Another way of avoiding the ambiguity inherent in  the  use  of  digits
+       following  a  backslash  is  to use the \g escape sequence. This escape
        must be followed by an unsigned number or a negative number, optionally
        enclosed in braces. These examples are all identical:
 
@@ -6504,7 +6517,7 @@ BACK REFERENCES
          (ring), \g1
          (ring), \g{1}
 
-       An unsigned number specifies an absolute reference without the  ambigu-
+       An  unsigned number specifies an absolute reference without the ambigu-
        ity that is present in the older syntax. It is also useful when literal
        digits follow the reference. A negative number is a relative reference.
        Consider this example:
@@ -6513,33 +6526,33 @@ BACK REFERENCES
 
        The sequence \g{-1} is a reference to the most recently started captur-
        ing subpattern before \g, that is, is it equivalent to \2 in this exam-
-       ple.   Similarly, \g{-2} would be equivalent to \1. The use of relative
-       references can be helpful in long patterns, and also in  patterns  that
-       are  created  by  joining  together  fragments  that contain references
+       ple.  Similarly, \g{-2} would be equivalent to \1. The use of  relative
+       references  can  be helpful in long patterns, and also in patterns that
+       are created by  joining  together  fragments  that  contain  references
        within themselves.
 
-       A back reference matches whatever actually matched the  capturing  sub-
-       pattern  in  the  current subject string, rather than anything matching
+       A  back  reference matches whatever actually matched the capturing sub-
+       pattern in the current subject string, rather  than  anything  matching
        the subpattern itself (see "Subpatterns as subroutines" below for a way
        of doing that). So the pattern
 
          (sens|respons)e and \1ibility
 
-       matches  "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility", but
-       not "sense and responsibility". If caseful matching is in force at  the
-       time  of the back reference, the case of letters is relevant. For exam-
+       matches "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility",  but
+       not  "sense and responsibility". If caseful matching is in force at the
+       time of the back reference, the case of letters is relevant. For  exam-
        ple,
 
          ((?i)rah)\s+\1
 
-       matches "rah rah" and "RAH RAH", but not "RAH  rah",  even  though  the
+       matches  "rah  rah"  and  "RAH RAH", but not "RAH rah", even though the
        original capturing subpattern is matched caselessly.
 
-       There  are  several  different ways of writing back references to named
-       subpatterns. The .NET syntax \k{name} and the Perl syntax  \k<name>  or
-       \k'name'  are supported, as is the Python syntax (?P=name). Perl 5.10's
+       There are several different ways of writing back  references  to  named
+       subpatterns.  The  .NET syntax \k{name} and the Perl syntax \k<name> or
+       \k'name' are supported, as is the Python syntax (?P=name). Perl  5.10's
        unified back reference syntax, in which \g can be used for both numeric
-       and  named  references,  is  also supported. We could rewrite the above
+       and named references, is also supported. We  could  rewrite  the  above
        example in any of the following ways:
 
          (?<p1>(?i)rah)\s+\k<p1>
@@ -6547,84 +6560,84 @@ BACK REFERENCES
          (?P<p1>(?i)rah)\s+(?P=p1)
          (?<p1>(?i)rah)\s+\g{p1}
 
-       A subpattern that is referenced by  name  may  appear  in  the  pattern
+       A  subpattern  that  is  referenced  by  name may appear in the pattern
        before or after the reference.
 
-       There  may be more than one back reference to the same subpattern. If a
-       subpattern has not actually been used in a particular match,  any  back
+       There may be more than one back reference to the same subpattern. If  a
+       subpattern  has  not actually been used in a particular match, any back
        references to it always fail by default. For example, the pattern
 
          (a|(bc))\2
 
-       always  fails  if  it starts to match "a" rather than "bc". However, if
+       always fails if it starts to match "a" rather than  "bc".  However,  if
        the PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set at compile time, a back refer-
        ence to an unset value matches an empty string.
 
-       Because  there may be many capturing parentheses in a pattern, all dig-
-       its following a backslash are taken as part of a potential back  refer-
-       ence  number.   If  the  pattern continues with a digit character, some
-       delimiter must  be  used  to  terminate  the  back  reference.  If  the
-       PCRE_EXTENDED  option  is  set, this can be white space. Otherwise, the
+       Because there may be many capturing parentheses in a pattern, all  dig-
+       its  following a backslash are taken as part of a potential back refer-
+       ence number.  If the pattern continues with  a  digit  character,  some
+       delimiter  must  be  used  to  terminate  the  back  reference.  If the
+       PCRE_EXTENDED option is set, this can be white  space.  Otherwise,  the
        \g{ syntax or an empty comment (see "Comments" below) can be used.
 
    Recursive back references
 
-       A back reference that occurs inside the parentheses to which it  refers
-       fails  when  the subpattern is first used, so, for example, (a\1) never
-       matches.  However, such references can be useful inside  repeated  sub-
+       A  back reference that occurs inside the parentheses to which it refers
+       fails when the subpattern is first used, so, for example,  (a\1)  never
+       matches.   However,  such references can be useful inside repeated sub-
        patterns. For example, the pattern
 
          (a|b\1)+
 
        matches any number of "a"s and also "aba", "ababbaa" etc. At each iter-
-       ation of the subpattern,  the  back  reference  matches  the  character
-       string  corresponding  to  the previous iteration. In order for this to
-       work, the pattern must be such that the first iteration does  not  need
-       to  match the back reference. This can be done using alternation, as in
+       ation  of  the  subpattern,  the  back  reference matches the character
+       string corresponding to the previous iteration. In order  for  this  to
+       work,  the  pattern must be such that the first iteration does not need
+       to match the back reference. This can be done using alternation, as  in
        the example above, or by a quantifier with a minimum of zero.
 
-       Back references of this type cause the group that they reference to  be
-       treated  as  an atomic group.  Once the whole group has been matched, a
-       subsequent matching failure cannot cause backtracking into  the  middle
+       Back  references of this type cause the group that they reference to be
+       treated as an atomic group.  Once the whole group has been  matched,  a
+       subsequent  matching  failure cannot cause backtracking into the middle
        of the group.
 
 
 ASSERTIONS
 
-       An  assertion  is  a  test on the characters following or preceding the
-       current matching point that does not actually consume  any  characters.
-       The  simple  assertions  coded  as  \b, \B, \A, \G, \Z, \z, ^ and $ are
+       An assertion is a test on the characters  following  or  preceding  the
+       current  matching  point that does not actually consume any characters.
+       The simple assertions coded as \b, \B, \A, \G, \Z,  \z,  ^  and  $  are
        described above.
 
-       More complicated assertions are coded as  subpatterns.  There  are  two
-       kinds:  those  that  look  ahead of the current position in the subject
-       string, and those that look  behind  it.  An  assertion  subpattern  is
-       matched  in  the  normal way, except that it does not cause the current
+       More  complicated  assertions  are  coded as subpatterns. There are two
+       kinds: those that look ahead of the current  position  in  the  subject
+       string,  and  those  that  look  behind  it. An assertion subpattern is
+       matched in the normal way, except that it does not  cause  the  current
        matching position to be changed.
 
-       Assertion subpatterns are not capturing subpatterns. If such an  asser-
-       tion  contains  capturing  subpatterns within it, these are counted for
-       the purposes of numbering the capturing subpatterns in the  whole  pat-
-       tern.  However,  substring  capturing  is carried out only for positive
+       Assertion  subpatterns are not capturing subpatterns. If such an asser-
+       tion contains capturing subpatterns within it, these  are  counted  for
+       the  purposes  of numbering the capturing subpatterns in the whole pat-
+       tern. However, substring capturing is carried  out  only  for  positive
        assertions. (Perl sometimes, but not always, does do capturing in nega-
        tive assertions.)
 
-       For  compatibility  with  Perl,  assertion subpatterns may be repeated;
-       though it makes no sense to assert the same thing  several  times,  the
-       side  effect  of  capturing  parentheses may occasionally be useful. In
+       For compatibility with Perl, assertion  subpatterns  may  be  repeated;
+       though  it  makes  no sense to assert the same thing several times, the
+       side effect of capturing parentheses may  occasionally  be  useful.  In
        practice, there only three cases:
 
-       (1) If the quantifier is {0}, the  assertion  is  never  obeyed  during
-       matching.   However,  it  may  contain internal capturing parenthesized
+       (1)  If  the  quantifier  is  {0}, the assertion is never obeyed during
+       matching.  However, it may  contain  internal  capturing  parenthesized
        groups that are called from elsewhere via the subroutine mechanism.
 
-       (2) If quantifier is {0,n} where n is greater than zero, it is  treated
-       as  if  it  were  {0,1}.  At run time, the rest of the pattern match is
+       (2)  If quantifier is {0,n} where n is greater than zero, it is treated
+       as if it were {0,1}. At run time, the rest  of  the  pattern  match  is
        tried with and without the assertion, the order depending on the greed-
        iness of the quantifier.
 
-       (3)  If  the minimum repetition is greater than zero, the quantifier is
-       ignored.  The assertion is obeyed just  once  when  encountered  during
+       (3) If the minimum repetition is greater than zero, the  quantifier  is
+       ignored.   The  assertion  is  obeyed just once when encountered during
        matching.
 
    Lookahead assertions
@@ -6634,38 +6647,38 @@ ASSERTIONS
 
          \w+(?=;)
 
-       matches a word followed by a semicolon, but does not include the  semi-
+       matches  a word followed by a semicolon, but does not include the semi-
        colon in the match, and
 
          foo(?!bar)
 
-       matches  any  occurrence  of  "foo" that is not followed by "bar". Note
+       matches any occurrence of "foo" that is not  followed  by  "bar".  Note
        that the apparently similar pattern
 
          (?!foo)bar
 
-       does not find an occurrence of "bar"  that  is  preceded  by  something
-       other  than "foo"; it finds any occurrence of "bar" whatsoever, because
+       does  not  find  an  occurrence  of "bar" that is preceded by something
+       other than "foo"; it finds any occurrence of "bar" whatsoever,  because
        the assertion (?!foo) is always true when the next three characters are
        "bar". A lookbehind assertion is needed to achieve the other effect.
 
        If you want to force a matching failure at some point in a pattern, the
-       most convenient way to do it is  with  (?!)  because  an  empty  string
-       always  matches, so an assertion that requires there not to be an empty
+       most  convenient  way  to  do  it  is with (?!) because an empty string
+       always matches, so an assertion that requires there not to be an  empty
        string must always fail.  The backtracking control verb (*FAIL) or (*F)
        is a synonym for (?!).
 
    Lookbehind assertions
 
-       Lookbehind  assertions start with (?<= for positive assertions and (?<!
+       Lookbehind assertions start with (?<= for positive assertions and  (?<!
        for negative assertions. For example,
 
          (?<!foo)bar
 
-       does find an occurrence of "bar" that is not  preceded  by  "foo".  The
-       contents  of  a  lookbehind  assertion are restricted such that all the
+       does  find  an  occurrence  of "bar" that is not preceded by "foo". The
+       contents of a lookbehind assertion are restricted  such  that  all  the
        strings it matches must have a fixed length. However, if there are sev-
-       eral  top-level  alternatives,  they  do  not all have to have the same
+       eral top-level alternatives, they do not all  have  to  have  the  same
        fixed length. Thus
 
          (?<=bullock|donkey)
@@ -6674,62 +6687,62 @@ ASSERTIONS
 
          (?<!dogs?|cats?)
 
-       causes an error at compile time. Branches that match  different  length
-       strings  are permitted only at the top level of a lookbehind assertion.
+       causes  an  error at compile time. Branches that match different length
+       strings are permitted only at the top level of a lookbehind  assertion.
        This is an extension compared with Perl, which requires all branches to
        match the same length of string. An assertion such as
 
          (?<=ab(c|de))
 
-       is  not  permitted,  because  its single top-level branch can match two
+       is not permitted, because its single top-level  branch  can  match  two
        different lengths, but it is acceptable to PCRE if rewritten to use two
        top-level branches:
 
          (?<=abc|abde)
 
-       In  some  cases, the escape sequence \K (see above) can be used instead
+       In some cases, the escape sequence \K (see above) can be  used  instead
        of a lookbehind assertion to get round the fixed-length restriction.
 
-       The implementation of lookbehind assertions is, for  each  alternative,
-       to  temporarily  move the current position back by the fixed length and
+       The  implementation  of lookbehind assertions is, for each alternative,
+       to temporarily move the current position back by the fixed  length  and
        then try to match. If there are insufficient characters before the cur-
        rent position, the assertion fails.
 
-       In  a UTF mode, PCRE does not allow the \C escape (which matches a sin-
-       gle data unit even in a UTF mode) to appear in  lookbehind  assertions,
-       because  it  makes it impossible to calculate the length of the lookbe-
-       hind. The \X and \R escapes, which can match different numbers of  data
+       In a UTF mode, PCRE does not allow the \C escape (which matches a  sin-
+       gle  data  unit even in a UTF mode) to appear in lookbehind assertions,
+       because it makes it impossible to calculate the length of  the  lookbe-
+       hind.  The \X and \R escapes, which can match different numbers of data
        units, are also not permitted.
 
-       "Subroutine"  calls  (see below) such as (?2) or (?&X) are permitted in
-       lookbehinds, as long as the subpattern matches a  fixed-length  string.
+       "Subroutine" calls (see below) such as (?2) or (?&X) are  permitted  in
+       lookbehinds,  as  long as the subpattern matches a fixed-length string.
        Recursion, however, is not supported.
 
-       Possessive  quantifiers  can  be  used  in  conjunction with lookbehind
+       Possessive quantifiers can  be  used  in  conjunction  with  lookbehind
        assertions to specify efficient matching of fixed-length strings at the
        end of subject strings. Consider a simple pattern such as
 
          abcd$
 
-       when  applied  to  a  long string that does not match. Because matching
+       when applied to a long string that does  not  match.  Because  matching
        proceeds from left to right, PCRE will look for each "a" in the subject
-       and  then  see  if what follows matches the rest of the pattern. If the
+       and then see if what follows matches the rest of the  pattern.  If  the
        pattern is specified as
 
          ^.*abcd$
 
-       the initial .* matches the entire string at first, but when this  fails
+       the  initial .* matches the entire string at first, but when this fails
        (because there is no following "a"), it backtracks to match all but the
-       last character, then all but the last two characters, and so  on.  Once
-       again  the search for "a" covers the entire string, from right to left,
+       last  character,  then all but the last two characters, and so on. Once
+       again the search for "a" covers the entire string, from right to  left,
        so we are no better off. However, if the pattern is written as
 
          ^.*+(?<=abcd)
 
-       there can be no backtracking for the .*+ item; it can  match  only  the
-       entire  string.  The subsequent lookbehind assertion does a single test
-       on the last four characters. If it fails, the match fails  immediately.
-       For  long  strings, this approach makes a significant difference to the
+       there  can  be  no backtracking for the .*+ item; it can match only the
+       entire string. The subsequent lookbehind assertion does a  single  test
+       on  the last four characters. If it fails, the match fails immediately.
+       For long strings, this approach makes a significant difference  to  the
        processing time.
 
    Using multiple assertions
@@ -6738,18 +6751,18 @@ ASSERTIONS
 
          (?<=\d{3})(?<!999)foo
 
-       matches "foo" preceded by three digits that are not "999". Notice  that
-       each  of  the  assertions is applied independently at the same point in
-       the subject string. First there is a  check  that  the  previous  three
-       characters  are  all  digits,  and  then there is a check that the same
+       matches  "foo" preceded by three digits that are not "999". Notice that
+       each of the assertions is applied independently at the  same  point  in
+       the  subject  string.  First  there  is a check that the previous three
+       characters are all digits, and then there is  a  check  that  the  same
        three characters are not "999".  This pattern does not match "foo" pre-
-       ceded  by  six  characters,  the first of which are digits and the last
-       three of which are not "999". For example, it  doesn't  match  "123abc-
+       ceded by six characters, the first of which are  digits  and  the  last
+       three  of  which  are not "999". For example, it doesn't match "123abc-
        foo". A pattern to do that is
 
          (?<=\d{3}...)(?<!999)foo
 
-       This  time  the  first assertion looks at the preceding six characters,
+       This time the first assertion looks at the  preceding  six  characters,
        checking that the first three are digits, and then the second assertion
        checks that the preceding three characters are not "999".
 
@@ -6757,29 +6770,29 @@ ASSERTIONS
 
          (?<=(?<!foo)bar)baz
 
-       matches  an occurrence of "baz" that is preceded by "bar" which in turn
+       matches an occurrence of "baz" that is preceded by "bar" which in  turn
        is not preceded by "foo", while
 
          (?<=\d{3}(?!999)...)foo
 
-       is another pattern that matches "foo" preceded by three digits and  any
+       is  another pattern that matches "foo" preceded by three digits and any
        three characters that are not "999".
 
 
 CONDITIONAL SUBPATTERNS
 
-       It  is possible to cause the matching process to obey a subpattern con-
-       ditionally or to choose between two alternative subpatterns,  depending
-       on  the result of an assertion, or whether a specific capturing subpat-
-       tern has already been matched. The two possible  forms  of  conditional
+       It is possible to cause the matching process to obey a subpattern  con-
+       ditionally  or to choose between two alternative subpatterns, depending
+       on the result of an assertion, or whether a specific capturing  subpat-
+       tern  has  already  been matched. The two possible forms of conditional
        subpattern are:
 
          (?(condition)yes-pattern)
          (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)
 
-       If  the  condition is satisfied, the yes-pattern is used; otherwise the
-       no-pattern (if present) is used. If there are more  than  two  alterna-
-       tives  in  the subpattern, a compile-time error occurs. Each of the two
+       If the condition is satisfied, the yes-pattern is used;  otherwise  the
+       no-pattern  (if  present)  is used. If there are more than two alterna-
+       tives in the subpattern, a compile-time error occurs. Each of  the  two
        alternatives may itself contain nested subpatterns of any form, includ-
        ing  conditional  subpatterns;  the  restriction  to  two  alternatives
        applies only at the level of the condition. This pattern fragment is an
@@ -6788,68 +6801,68 @@ CONDITIONAL SUBPATTERNS
          (?(1) (A|B|C) | (D | (?(2)E|F) | E) )
 
 
-       There  are  four  kinds of condition: references to subpatterns, refer-
+       There are four kinds of condition: references  to  subpatterns,  refer-
        ences to recursion, a pseudo-condition called DEFINE, and assertions.
 
    Checking for a used subpattern by number
 
-       If the text between the parentheses consists of a sequence  of  digits,
+       If  the  text between the parentheses consists of a sequence of digits,
        the condition is true if a capturing subpattern of that number has pre-
-       viously matched. If there is more than one  capturing  subpattern  with
-       the  same  number  (see  the earlier section about duplicate subpattern
-       numbers), the condition is true if any of them have matched. An  alter-
-       native  notation is to precede the digits with a plus or minus sign. In
-       this case, the subpattern number is relative rather than absolute.  The
-       most  recently opened parentheses can be referenced by (?(-1), the next
-       most recent by (?(-2), and so on. Inside loops it can also  make  sense
+       viously  matched.  If  there is more than one capturing subpattern with
+       the same number (see the earlier  section  about  duplicate  subpattern
+       numbers),  the condition is true if any of them have matched. An alter-
+       native notation is to precede the digits with a plus or minus sign.  In
+       this  case, the subpattern number is relative rather than absolute. The
+       most recently opened parentheses can be referenced by (?(-1), the  next
+       most  recent  by (?(-2), and so on. Inside loops it can also make sense
        to refer to subsequent groups. The next parentheses to be opened can be
-       referenced as (?(+1), and so on. (The value zero in any of these  forms
+       referenced  as (?(+1), and so on. (The value zero in any of these forms
        is not used; it provokes a compile-time error.)
 
-       Consider  the  following  pattern, which contains non-significant white
+       Consider the following pattern, which  contains  non-significant  white
        space to make it more readable (assume the PCRE_EXTENDED option) and to
        divide it into three parts for ease of discussion:
 
          ( \( )?    [^()]+    (?(1) \) )
 
-       The  first  part  matches  an optional opening parenthesis, and if that
+       The first part matches an optional opening  parenthesis,  and  if  that
        character is present, sets it as the first captured substring. The sec-
-       ond  part  matches one or more characters that are not parentheses. The
-       third part is a conditional subpattern that tests whether  or  not  the
-       first  set  of  parentheses  matched.  If they did, that is, if subject
-       started with an opening parenthesis, the condition is true, and so  the
-       yes-pattern  is  executed and a closing parenthesis is required. Other-
-       wise, since no-pattern is not present, the subpattern matches  nothing.
-       In  other  words,  this  pattern matches a sequence of non-parentheses,
+       ond part matches one or more characters that are not  parentheses.  The
+       third  part  is  a conditional subpattern that tests whether or not the
+       first set of parentheses matched. If they  did,  that  is,  if  subject
+       started  with an opening parenthesis, the condition is true, and so the
+       yes-pattern is executed and a closing parenthesis is  required.  Other-
+       wise,  since no-pattern is not present, the subpattern matches nothing.
+       In other words, this pattern matches  a  sequence  of  non-parentheses,
        optionally enclosed in parentheses.
 
-       If you were embedding this pattern in a larger one,  you  could  use  a
+       If  you  were  embedding  this pattern in a larger one, you could use a
        relative reference:
 
          ...other stuff... ( \( )?    [^()]+    (?(-1) \) ) ...
 
-       This  makes  the  fragment independent of the parentheses in the larger
+       This makes the fragment independent of the parentheses  in  the  larger
        pattern.
 
    Checking for a used subpattern by name
 
-       Perl uses the syntax (?(<name>)...) or (?('name')...)  to  test  for  a
-       used  subpattern  by  name.  For compatibility with earlier versions of
-       PCRE, which had this facility before Perl, the syntax  (?(name)...)  is
+       Perl  uses  the  syntax  (?(<name>)...) or (?('name')...) to test for a
+       used subpattern by name. For compatibility  with  earlier  versions  of
+       PCRE,  which  had this facility before Perl, the syntax (?(name)...) is
        also recognized.
 
        Rewriting the above example to use a named subpattern gives this:
 
          (?<OPEN> \( )?    [^()]+    (?(<OPEN>) \) )
 
-       If  the  name used in a condition of this kind is a duplicate, the test
-       is applied to all subpatterns of the same name, and is true if any  one
+       If the name used in a condition of this kind is a duplicate,  the  test
+       is  applied to all subpatterns of the same name, and is true if any one
        of them has matched.
 
    Checking for pattern recursion
 
        If the condition is the string (R), and there is no subpattern with the
-       name R, the condition is true if a recursive call to the whole  pattern
+       name  R, the condition is true if a recursive call to the whole pattern
        or any subpattern has been made. If digits or a name preceded by amper-
        sand follow the letter R, for example:
 
@@ -6857,51 +6870,51 @@ CONDITIONAL SUBPATTERNS
 
        the condition is true if the most recent recursion is into a subpattern
        whose number or name is given. This condition does not check the entire
-       recursion stack. If the name used in a condition  of  this  kind  is  a
+       recursion  stack.  If  the  name  used in a condition of this kind is a
        duplicate, the test is applied to all subpatterns of the same name, and
        is true if any one of them is the most recent recursion.
 
-       At "top level", all these recursion test  conditions  are  false.   The
+       At  "top  level",  all  these recursion test conditions are false.  The
        syntax for recursive patterns is described below.
 
    Defining subpatterns for use by reference only
 
-       If  the  condition  is  the string (DEFINE), and there is no subpattern
-       with the name DEFINE, the condition is  always  false.  In  this  case,
-       there  may  be  only  one  alternative  in the subpattern. It is always
-       skipped if control reaches this point  in  the  pattern;  the  idea  of
-       DEFINE  is that it can be used to define subroutines that can be refer-
-       enced from elsewhere. (The use of subroutines is described below.)  For
-       example,  a  pattern  to match an IPv4 address such as "192.168.23.245"
+       If the condition is the string (DEFINE), and  there  is  no  subpattern
+       with  the  name  DEFINE,  the  condition is always false. In this case,
+       there may be only one alternative  in  the  subpattern.  It  is  always
+       skipped  if  control  reaches  this  point  in the pattern; the idea of
+       DEFINE is that it can be used to define subroutines that can be  refer-
+       enced  from elsewhere. (The use of subroutines is described below.) For
+       example, a pattern to match an IPv4 address  such  as  "192.168.23.245"
        could be written like this (ignore white space and line breaks):
 
          (?(DEFINE) (?<byte> 2[0-4]\d | 25[0-5] | 1\d\d | [1-9]?\d) )
          \b (?&byte) (\.(?&byte)){3} \b
 
-       The first part of the pattern is a DEFINE group inside which a  another
-       group  named "byte" is defined. This matches an individual component of
-       an IPv4 address (a number less than 256). When  matching  takes  place,
-       this  part  of  the pattern is skipped because DEFINE acts like a false
-       condition. The rest of the pattern uses references to the  named  group
-       to  match the four dot-separated components of an IPv4 address, insist-
+       The  first part of the pattern is a DEFINE group inside which a another
+       group named "byte" is defined. This matches an individual component  of
+       an  IPv4  address  (a number less than 256). When matching takes place,
+       this part of the pattern is skipped because DEFINE acts  like  a  false
+       condition.  The  rest of the pattern uses references to the named group
+       to match the four dot-separated components of an IPv4 address,  insist-
        ing on a word boundary at each end.
 
    Assertion conditions
 
-       If the condition is not in any of the above  formats,  it  must  be  an
-       assertion.   This may be a positive or negative lookahead or lookbehind
-       assertion. Consider  this  pattern,  again  containing  non-significant
+       If  the  condition  is  not  in any of the above formats, it must be an
+       assertion.  This may be a positive or negative lookahead or  lookbehind
+       assertion.  Consider  this  pattern,  again  containing non-significant
        white space, and with the two alternatives on the second line:
 
          (?(?=[^a-z]*[a-z])
          \d{2}-[a-z]{3}-\d{2}  |  \d{2}-\d{2}-\d{2} )
 
-       The  condition  is  a  positive  lookahead  assertion  that  matches an
-       optional sequence of non-letters followed by a letter. In other  words,
-       it  tests  for the presence of at least one letter in the subject. If a
-       letter is found, the subject is matched against the first  alternative;
-       otherwise  it  is  matched  against  the  second.  This pattern matches
-       strings in one of the two forms dd-aaa-dd or dd-dd-dd,  where  aaa  are
+       The condition  is  a  positive  lookahead  assertion  that  matches  an
+       optional  sequence of non-letters followed by a letter. In other words,
+       it tests for the presence of at least one letter in the subject.  If  a
+       letter  is found, the subject is matched against the first alternative;
+       otherwise it is  matched  against  the  second.  This  pattern  matches
+       strings  in  one  of the two forms dd-aaa-dd or dd-dd-dd, where aaa are
        letters and dd are digits.
 
 
@@ -6910,41 +6923,41 @@ COMMENTS
        There are two ways of including comments in patterns that are processed
        by PCRE. In both cases, the start of the comment must not be in a char-
        acter class, nor in the middle of any other sequence of related charac-
-       ters such as (?: or a subpattern name or number.  The  characters  that
+       ters  such  as  (?: or a subpattern name or number. The characters that
        make up a comment play no part in the pattern matching.
 
-       The  sequence (?# marks the start of a comment that continues up to the
-       next closing parenthesis. Nested parentheses are not permitted. If  the
+       The sequence (?# marks the start of a comment that continues up to  the
+       next  closing parenthesis. Nested parentheses are not permitted. If the
        PCRE_EXTENDED option is set, an unescaped # character also introduces a
-       comment, which in this case continues to  immediately  after  the  next
-       newline  character  or character sequence in the pattern. Which charac-
+       comment,  which  in  this  case continues to immediately after the next
+       newline character or character sequence in the pattern.  Which  charac-
        ters are interpreted as newlines is controlled by the options passed to
-       a  compiling function or by a special sequence at the start of the pat-
+       a compiling function or by a special sequence at the start of the  pat-
        tern, as described in the section entitled "Newline conventions" above.
        Note that the end of this type of comment is a literal newline sequence
-       in the pattern; escape sequences that happen to represent a newline  do
-       not  count.  For  example,  consider this pattern when PCRE_EXTENDED is
+       in  the pattern; escape sequences that happen to represent a newline do
+       not count. For example, consider this  pattern  when  PCRE_EXTENDED  is
        set, and the default newline convention is in force:
 
          abc #comment \n still comment
 
-       On encountering the # character, pcre_compile()  skips  along,  looking
-       for  a newline in the pattern. The sequence \n is still literal at this
-       stage, so it does not terminate the comment. Only an  actual  character
+       On  encountering  the  # character, pcre_compile() skips along, looking
+       for a newline in the pattern. The sequence \n is still literal at  this
+       stage,  so  it does not terminate the comment. Only an actual character
        with the code value 0x0a (the default newline) does so.
 
 
 RECURSIVE PATTERNS
 
-       Consider  the problem of matching a string in parentheses, allowing for
-       unlimited nested parentheses. Without the use of  recursion,  the  best
-       that  can  be  done  is  to use a pattern that matches up to some fixed
-       depth of nesting. It is not possible to  handle  an  arbitrary  nesting
+       Consider the problem of matching a string in parentheses, allowing  for
+       unlimited  nested  parentheses.  Without the use of recursion, the best
+       that can be done is to use a pattern that  matches  up  to  some  fixed
+       depth  of  nesting.  It  is not possible to handle an arbitrary nesting
        depth.
 
        For some time, Perl has provided a facility that allows regular expres-
-       sions to recurse (amongst other things). It does this by  interpolating
-       Perl  code in the expression at run time, and the code can refer to the
+       sions  to recurse (amongst other things). It does this by interpolating
+       Perl code in the expression at run time, and the code can refer to  the
        expression itself. A Perl pattern using code interpolation to solve the
        parentheses problem can be created like this:
 
@@ -6954,201 +6967,201 @@ RECURSIVE PATTERNS
        refers recursively to the pattern in which it appears.
 
        Obviously, PCRE cannot support the interpolation of Perl code. Instead,
-       it  supports  special  syntax  for recursion of the entire pattern, and
-       also for individual subpattern recursion.  After  its  introduction  in
-       PCRE  and  Python,  this  kind of recursion was subsequently introduced
+       it supports special syntax for recursion of  the  entire  pattern,  and
+       also  for  individual  subpattern  recursion. After its introduction in
+       PCRE and Python, this kind of  recursion  was  subsequently  introduced
        into Perl at release 5.10.
 
-       A special item that consists of (? followed by a  number  greater  than
-       zero  and  a  closing parenthesis is a recursive subroutine call of the
-       subpattern of the given number, provided that  it  occurs  inside  that
-       subpattern.  (If  not,  it is a non-recursive subroutine call, which is
-       described in the next section.) The special item  (?R)  or  (?0)  is  a
+       A  special  item  that consists of (? followed by a number greater than
+       zero and a closing parenthesis is a recursive subroutine  call  of  the
+       subpattern  of  the  given  number, provided that it occurs inside that
+       subpattern. (If not, it is a non-recursive subroutine  call,  which  is
+       described  in  the  next  section.)  The special item (?R) or (?0) is a
        recursive call of the entire regular expression.
 
-       This  PCRE  pattern  solves  the nested parentheses problem (assume the
+       This PCRE pattern solves the nested  parentheses  problem  (assume  the
        PCRE_EXTENDED option is set so that white space is ignored):
 
          \( ( [^()]++ | (?R) )* \)
 
-       First it matches an opening parenthesis. Then it matches any number  of
-       substrings  which  can  either  be  a sequence of non-parentheses, or a
-       recursive match of the pattern itself (that is, a  correctly  parenthe-
+       First  it matches an opening parenthesis. Then it matches any number of
+       substrings which can either be a  sequence  of  non-parentheses,  or  a
+       recursive  match  of the pattern itself (that is, a correctly parenthe-
        sized substring).  Finally there is a closing parenthesis. Note the use
        of a possessive quantifier to avoid backtracking into sequences of non-
        parentheses.
 
-       If  this  were  part of a larger pattern, you would not want to recurse
+       If this were part of a larger pattern, you would not  want  to  recurse
        the entire pattern, so instead you could use this:
 
          ( \( ( [^()]++ | (?1) )* \) )
 
-       We have put the pattern into parentheses, and caused the  recursion  to
+       We  have  put the pattern into parentheses, and caused the recursion to
        refer to them instead of the whole pattern.
 
-       In  a  larger  pattern,  keeping  track  of  parenthesis numbers can be
-       tricky. This is made easier by the use of relative references.  Instead
+       In a larger pattern,  keeping  track  of  parenthesis  numbers  can  be
+       tricky.  This is made easier by the use of relative references. Instead
        of (?1) in the pattern above you can write (?-2) to refer to the second
-       most recently opened parentheses  preceding  the  recursion.  In  other
-       words,  a  negative  number counts capturing parentheses leftwards from
+       most  recently  opened  parentheses  preceding  the recursion. In other
+       words, a negative number counts capturing  parentheses  leftwards  from
        the point at which it is encountered.
 
-       It is also possible to refer to  subsequently  opened  parentheses,  by
-       writing  references  such  as (?+2). However, these cannot be recursive
-       because the reference is not inside the  parentheses  that  are  refer-
-       enced.  They are always non-recursive subroutine calls, as described in
+       It  is  also  possible  to refer to subsequently opened parentheses, by
+       writing references such as (?+2). However, these  cannot  be  recursive
+       because  the  reference  is  not inside the parentheses that are refer-
+       enced. They are always non-recursive subroutine calls, as described  in
        the next section.
 
-       An alternative approach is to use named parentheses instead.  The  Perl
-       syntax  for  this  is (?&name); PCRE's earlier syntax (?P>name) is also
+       An  alternative  approach is to use named parentheses instead. The Perl
+       syntax for this is (?&name); PCRE's earlier syntax  (?P>name)  is  also
        supported. We could rewrite the above example as follows:
 
          (?<pn> \( ( [^()]++ | (?&pn) )* \) )
 
-       If there is more than one subpattern with the same name,  the  earliest
+       If  there  is more than one subpattern with the same name, the earliest
        one is used.
 
-       This  particular  example pattern that we have been looking at contains
+       This particular example pattern that we have been looking  at  contains
        nested unlimited repeats, and so the use of a possessive quantifier for
        matching strings of non-parentheses is important when applying the pat-
-       tern to strings that do not match. For example, when  this  pattern  is
+       tern  to  strings  that do not match. For example, when this pattern is
        applied to
 
          (aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa()
 
-       it  yields  "no  match" quickly. However, if a possessive quantifier is
-       not used, the match runs for a very long time indeed because there  are
-       so  many  different  ways the + and * repeats can carve up the subject,
+       it yields "no match" quickly. However, if a  possessive  quantifier  is
+       not  used, the match runs for a very long time indeed because there are
+       so many different ways the + and * repeats can carve  up  the  subject,
        and all have to be tested before failure can be reported.
 
-       At the end of a match, the values of capturing  parentheses  are  those
-       from  the outermost level. If you want to obtain intermediate values, a
-       callout function can be used (see below and the pcrecallout  documenta-
+       At  the  end  of a match, the values of capturing parentheses are those
+       from the outermost level. If you want to obtain intermediate values,  a
+       callout  function can be used (see below and the pcrecallout documenta-
        tion). If the pattern above is matched against
 
          (ab(cd)ef)
 
-       the  value  for  the  inner capturing parentheses (numbered 2) is "ef",
-       which is the last value taken on at the top level. If a capturing  sub-
-       pattern  is  not  matched at the top level, its final captured value is
-       unset, even if it was (temporarily) set at a deeper  level  during  the
+       the value for the inner capturing parentheses  (numbered  2)  is  "ef",
+       which  is the last value taken on at the top level. If a capturing sub-
+       pattern is not matched at the top level, its final  captured  value  is
+       unset,  even  if  it was (temporarily) set at a deeper level during the
        matching process.
 
-       If  there are more than 15 capturing parentheses in a pattern, PCRE has
-       to obtain extra memory to store data during a recursion, which it  does
+       If there are more than 15 capturing parentheses in a pattern, PCRE  has
+       to  obtain extra memory to store data during a recursion, which it does
        by using pcre_malloc, freeing it via pcre_free afterwards. If no memory
        can be obtained, the match fails with the PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY error.
 
-       Do not confuse the (?R) item with the condition (R),  which  tests  for
-       recursion.   Consider  this pattern, which matches text in angle brack-
-       ets, allowing for arbitrary nesting. Only digits are allowed in  nested
-       brackets  (that is, when recursing), whereas any characters are permit-
+       Do  not  confuse  the (?R) item with the condition (R), which tests for
+       recursion.  Consider this pattern, which matches text in  angle  brack-
+       ets,  allowing for arbitrary nesting. Only digits are allowed in nested
+       brackets (that is, when recursing), whereas any characters are  permit-
        ted at the outer level.
 
          < (?: (?(R) \d++  | [^<>]*+) | (?R)) * >
 
-       In this pattern, (?(R) is the start of a conditional  subpattern,  with
-       two  different  alternatives for the recursive and non-recursive cases.
+       In  this  pattern, (?(R) is the start of a conditional subpattern, with
+       two different alternatives for the recursive and  non-recursive  cases.
        The (?R) item is the actual recursive call.
 
    Differences in recursion processing between PCRE and Perl
 
-       Recursion processing in PCRE differs from Perl in two  important  ways.
-       In  PCRE (like Python, but unlike Perl), a recursive subpattern call is
+       Recursion  processing  in PCRE differs from Perl in two important ways.
+       In PCRE (like Python, but unlike Perl), a recursive subpattern call  is
        always treated as an atomic group. That is, once it has matched some of
        the subject string, it is never re-entered, even if it contains untried
-       alternatives and there is a subsequent matching failure.  This  can  be
-       illustrated  by the following pattern, which purports to match a palin-
-       dromic string that contains an odd number of characters  (for  example,
+       alternatives  and  there  is a subsequent matching failure. This can be
+       illustrated by the following pattern, which purports to match a  palin-
+       dromic  string  that contains an odd number of characters (for example,
        "a", "aba", "abcba", "abcdcba"):
 
          ^(.|(.)(?1)\2)$
 
        The idea is that it either matches a single character, or two identical
-       characters surrounding a sub-palindrome. In Perl, this  pattern  works;
-       in  PCRE  it  does  not if the pattern is longer than three characters.
+       characters  surrounding  a sub-palindrome. In Perl, this pattern works;
+       in PCRE it does not if the pattern is  longer  than  three  characters.
        Consider the subject string "abcba":
 
-       At the top level, the first character is matched, but as it is  not  at
+       At  the  top level, the first character is matched, but as it is not at
        the end of the string, the first alternative fails; the second alterna-
        tive is taken and the recursion kicks in. The recursive call to subpat-
-       tern  1  successfully  matches the next character ("b"). (Note that the
+       tern 1 successfully matches the next character ("b").  (Note  that  the
        beginning and end of line tests are not part of the recursion).
 
-       Back at the top level, the next character ("c") is compared  with  what
-       subpattern  2 matched, which was "a". This fails. Because the recursion
-       is treated as an atomic group, there are now  no  backtracking  points,
-       and  so  the  entire  match fails. (Perl is able, at this point, to re-
-       enter the recursion and try the second alternative.)  However,  if  the
+       Back  at  the top level, the next character ("c") is compared with what
+       subpattern 2 matched, which was "a". This fails. Because the  recursion
+       is  treated  as  an atomic group, there are now no backtracking points,
+       and so the entire match fails. (Perl is able, at  this  point,  to  re-
+       enter  the  recursion  and try the second alternative.) However, if the
        pattern is written with the alternatives in the other order, things are
        different:
 
          ^((.)(?1)\2|.)$
 
-       This time, the recursing alternative is tried first, and  continues  to
-       recurse  until  it runs out of characters, at which point the recursion
-       fails. But this time we do have  another  alternative  to  try  at  the
-       higher  level.  That  is  the  big difference: in the previous case the
+       This  time,  the recursing alternative is tried first, and continues to
+       recurse until it runs out of characters, at which point  the  recursion
+       fails.  But  this  time  we  do  have another alternative to try at the
+       higher level. That is the big difference:  in  the  previous  case  the
        remaining alternative is at a deeper recursion level, which PCRE cannot
        use.
 
-       To  change  the pattern so that it matches all palindromic strings, not
-       just those with an odd number of characters, it is tempting  to  change
+       To change the pattern so that it matches all palindromic  strings,  not
+       just  those  with an odd number of characters, it is tempting to change
        the pattern to this:
 
          ^((.)(?1)\2|.?)$
 
-       Again,  this  works  in Perl, but not in PCRE, and for the same reason.
-       When a deeper recursion has matched a single character,  it  cannot  be
-       entered  again  in  order  to match an empty string. The solution is to
-       separate the two cases, and write out the odd and even cases as  alter-
+       Again, this works in Perl, but not in PCRE, and for  the  same  reason.
+       When  a  deeper  recursion has matched a single character, it cannot be
+       entered again in order to match an empty string.  The  solution  is  to
+       separate  the two cases, and write out the odd and even cases as alter-
        natives at the higher level:
 
          ^(?:((.)(?1)\2|)|((.)(?3)\4|.))
 
-       If  you  want  to match typical palindromic phrases, the pattern has to
+       If you want to match typical palindromic phrases, the  pattern  has  to
        ignore all non-word characters, which can be done like this:
 
          ^\W*+(?:((.)\W*+(?1)\W*+\2|)|((.)\W*+(?3)\W*+\4|\W*+.\W*+))\W*+$
 
        If run with the PCRE_CASELESS option, this pattern matches phrases such
        as "A man, a plan, a canal: Panama!" and it works well in both PCRE and
-       Perl. Note the use of the possessive quantifier *+ to avoid  backtrack-
-       ing  into  sequences of non-word characters. Without this, PCRE takes a
-       great deal longer (ten times or more) to  match  typical  phrases,  and
+       Perl.  Note the use of the possessive quantifier *+ to avoid backtrack-
+       ing into sequences of non-word characters. Without this, PCRE  takes  a
+       great  deal  longer  (ten  times or more) to match typical phrases, and
        Perl takes so long that you think it has gone into a loop.
 
-       WARNING:  The  palindrome-matching patterns above work only if the sub-
-       ject string does not start with a palindrome that is shorter  than  the
-       entire  string.  For example, although "abcba" is correctly matched, if
-       the subject is "ababa", PCRE finds the palindrome "aba" at  the  start,
-       then  fails at top level because the end of the string does not follow.
-       Once again, it cannot jump back into the recursion to try other  alter-
+       WARNING: The palindrome-matching patterns above work only if  the  sub-
+       ject  string  does not start with a palindrome that is shorter than the
+       entire string.  For example, although "abcba" is correctly matched,  if
+       the  subject  is "ababa", PCRE finds the palindrome "aba" at the start,
+       then fails at top level because the end of the string does not  follow.
+       Once  again, it cannot jump back into the recursion to try other alter-
        natives, so the entire match fails.
 
-       The  second  way  in which PCRE and Perl differ in their recursion pro-
-       cessing is in the handling of captured values. In Perl, when a  subpat-
-       tern  is  called recursively or as a subpattern (see the next section),
-       it has no access to any values that were captured  outside  the  recur-
-       sion,  whereas  in  PCRE  these values can be referenced. Consider this
+       The second way in which PCRE and Perl differ in  their  recursion  pro-
+       cessing  is in the handling of captured values. In Perl, when a subpat-
+       tern is called recursively or as a subpattern (see the  next  section),
+       it  has  no  access to any values that were captured outside the recur-
+       sion, whereas in PCRE these values can  be  referenced.  Consider  this
        pattern:
 
          ^(.)(\1|a(?2))
 
-       In PCRE, this pattern matches "bab". The  first  capturing  parentheses
-       match  "b",  then in the second group, when the back reference \1 fails
-       to match "b", the second alternative matches "a" and then recurses.  In
-       the  recursion,  \1 does now match "b" and so the whole match succeeds.
-       In Perl, the pattern fails to match because inside the  recursive  call
+       In  PCRE,  this  pattern matches "bab". The first capturing parentheses
+       match "b", then in the second group, when the back reference  \1  fails
+       to  match "b", the second alternative matches "a" and then recurses. In
+       the recursion, \1 does now match "b" and so the whole  match  succeeds.
+       In  Perl,  the pattern fails to match because inside the recursive call
        \1 cannot access the externally set value.
 
 
 SUBPATTERNS AS SUBROUTINES
 
-       If  the  syntax for a recursive subpattern call (either by number or by
-       name) is used outside the parentheses to which it refers,  it  operates
-       like  a subroutine in a programming language. The called subpattern may
-       be defined before or after the reference. A numbered reference  can  be
+       If the syntax for a recursive subpattern call (either by number  or  by
+       name)  is  used outside the parentheses to which it refers, it operates
+       like a subroutine in a programming language. The called subpattern  may
+       be  defined  before or after the reference. A numbered reference can be
        absolute or relative, as in these examples:
 
          (...(absolute)...)...(?2)...
@@ -7159,79 +7172,79 @@ SUBPATTERNS AS SUBROUTINES
 
          (sens|respons)e and \1ibility
 
-       matches  "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility", but
+       matches "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility",  but
        not "sense and responsibility". If instead the pattern
 
          (sens|respons)e and (?1)ibility
 
-       is used, it does match "sense and responsibility" as well as the  other
-       two  strings.  Another  example  is  given  in the discussion of DEFINE
+       is  used, it does match "sense and responsibility" as well as the other
+       two strings. Another example is  given  in  the  discussion  of  DEFINE
        above.
 
-       All subroutine calls, whether recursive or not, are always  treated  as
-       atomic  groups. That is, once a subroutine has matched some of the sub-
+       All  subroutine  calls, whether recursive or not, are always treated as
+       atomic groups. That is, once a subroutine has matched some of the  sub-
        ject string, it is never re-entered, even if it contains untried alter-
-       natives  and  there  is  a  subsequent  matching failure. Any capturing
-       parentheses that are set during the subroutine  call  revert  to  their
+       natives and there is  a  subsequent  matching  failure.  Any  capturing
+       parentheses  that  are  set  during the subroutine call revert to their
        previous values afterwards.
 
-       Processing  options  such as case-independence are fixed when a subpat-
-       tern is defined, so if it is used as a subroutine, such options  cannot
+       Processing options such as case-independence are fixed when  a  subpat-
+       tern  is defined, so if it is used as a subroutine, such options cannot
        be changed for different calls. For example, consider this pattern:
 
          (abc)(?i:(?-1))
 
-       It  matches  "abcabc". It does not match "abcABC" because the change of
+       It matches "abcabc". It does not match "abcABC" because the  change  of
        processing option does not affect the called subpattern.
 
 
 ONIGURUMA SUBROUTINE SYNTAX
 
-       For compatibility with Oniguruma, the non-Perl syntax \g followed by  a
+       For  compatibility with Oniguruma, the non-Perl syntax \g followed by a
        name or a number enclosed either in angle brackets or single quotes, is
-       an alternative syntax for referencing a  subpattern  as  a  subroutine,
-       possibly  recursively. Here are two of the examples used above, rewrit-
+       an  alternative  syntax  for  referencing a subpattern as a subroutine,
+       possibly recursively. Here are two of the examples used above,  rewrit-
        ten using this syntax:
 
          (?<pn> \( ( (?>[^()]+) | \g<pn> )* \) )
          (sens|respons)e and \g'1'ibility
 
-       PCRE supports an extension to Oniguruma: if a number is preceded  by  a
+       PCRE  supports  an extension to Oniguruma: if a number is preceded by a
        plus or a minus sign it is taken as a relative reference. For example:
 
          (abc)(?i:\g<-1>)
 
-       Note  that \g{...} (Perl syntax) and \g<...> (Oniguruma syntax) are not
-       synonymous. The former is a back reference; the latter is a  subroutine
+       Note that \g{...} (Perl syntax) and \g<...> (Oniguruma syntax) are  not
+       synonymous.  The former is a back reference; the latter is a subroutine
        call.
 
 
 CALLOUTS
 
        Perl has a feature whereby using the sequence (?{...}) causes arbitrary
-       Perl code to be obeyed in the middle of matching a regular  expression.
+       Perl  code to be obeyed in the middle of matching a regular expression.
        This makes it possible, amongst other things, to extract different sub-
        strings that match the same pair of parentheses when there is a repeti-
        tion.
 
        PCRE provides a similar feature, but of course it cannot obey arbitrary
        Perl code. The feature is called "callout". The caller of PCRE provides
-       an  external function by putting its entry point in the global variable
-       pcre_callout (8-bit library) or pcre[16|32]_callout (16-bit  or  32-bit
-       library).   By default, this variable contains NULL, which disables all
+       an external function by putting its entry point in the global  variable
+       pcre_callout  (8-bit  library) or pcre[16|32]_callout (16-bit or 32-bit
+       library).  By default, this variable contains NULL, which disables  all
        calling out.
 
-       Within a regular expression, (?C) indicates the  points  at  which  the
-       external  function  is  to be called. If you want to identify different
-       callout points, you can put a number less than 256 after the letter  C.
-       The  default  value is zero.  For example, this pattern has two callout
+       Within  a  regular  expression,  (?C) indicates the points at which the
+       external function is to be called. If you want  to  identify  different
+       callout  points, you can put a number less than 256 after the letter C.
+       The default value is zero.  For example, this pattern has  two  callout
        points:
 
          (?C1)abc(?C2)def
 
-       If the PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT flag is passed to a compiling function,  call-
-       outs  are automatically installed before each item in the pattern. They
-       are all numbered 255. If there is a conditional group  in  the  pattern
+       If  the PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT flag is passed to a compiling function, call-
+       outs are automatically installed before each item in the pattern.  They
+       are  all  numbered  255. If there is a conditional group in the pattern
        whose condition is an assertion, an additional callout is inserted just
        before the condition. An explicit callout may also be set at this posi-
        tion, as in this example:
@@ -7241,120 +7254,120 @@ CALLOUTS
        Note that this applies only to assertion conditions, not to other types
        of condition.
 
-       During matching, when PCRE reaches a callout point, the external  func-
-       tion  is  called.  It  is  provided with the number of the callout, the
-       position in the pattern, and, optionally, one item of  data  originally
-       supplied  by  the caller of the matching function. The callout function
+       During  matching, when PCRE reaches a callout point, the external func-
+       tion is called. It is provided with the  number  of  the  callout,  the
+       position  in  the pattern, and, optionally, one item of data originally
+       supplied by the caller of the matching function. The  callout  function
        may cause matching to proceed, to backtrack, or to fail altogether.
 
-       By default, PCRE implements a number of optimizations at  compile  time
-       and  matching  time, and one side-effect is that sometimes callouts are
-       skipped. If you need all possible callouts to happen, you need  to  set
-       options  that  disable  the relevant optimizations. More details, and a
-       complete description of the interface  to  the  callout  function,  are
+       By  default,  PCRE implements a number of optimizations at compile time
+       and matching time, and one side-effect is that sometimes  callouts  are
+       skipped.  If  you need all possible callouts to happen, you need to set
+       options that disable the relevant optimizations. More  details,  and  a
+       complete  description  of  the  interface  to the callout function, are
        given in the pcrecallout documentation.
 
 
 BACKTRACKING CONTROL
 
-       Perl  5.10 introduced a number of "Special Backtracking Control Verbs",
-       which are still described in the Perl  documentation  as  "experimental
-       and  subject to change or removal in a future version of Perl". It goes
-       on to say: "Their usage in production code should  be  noted  to  avoid
-       problems  during upgrades." The same remarks apply to the PCRE features
+       Perl 5.10 introduced a number of "Special Backtracking Control  Verbs",
+       which  are  still  described in the Perl documentation as "experimental
+       and subject to change or removal in a future version of Perl". It  goes
+       on  to  say:  "Their  usage in production code should be noted to avoid
+       problems during upgrades." The same remarks apply to the PCRE  features
        described in this section.
 
-       The new verbs make use of what was previously invalid syntax: an  open-
+       The  new verbs make use of what was previously invalid syntax: an open-
        ing parenthesis followed by an asterisk. They are generally of the form
-       (*VERB) or (*VERB:NAME). Some may take either form,  possibly  behaving
-       differently  depending  on  whether or not a name is present. A name is
+       (*VERB)  or  (*VERB:NAME). Some may take either form, possibly behaving
+       differently depending on whether or not a name is present.  A  name  is
        any sequence of characters that does not include a closing parenthesis.
        The maximum length of name is 255 in the 8-bit library and 65535 in the
-       16-bit and 32-bit libraries. If the name is  empty,  that  is,  if  the
-       closing  parenthesis immediately follows the colon, the effect is as if
-       the colon were not there.  Any number of these verbs  may  occur  in  a
+       16-bit  and  32-bit  libraries.  If  the name is empty, that is, if the
+       closing parenthesis immediately follows the colon, the effect is as  if
+       the  colon  were  not  there.  Any number of these verbs may occur in a
        pattern.
 
-       Since  these  verbs  are  specifically related to backtracking, most of
-       them can be used only when the pattern is to be matched  using  one  of
-       the  traditional  matching  functions, because these use a backtracking
-       algorithm. With the exception of (*FAIL), which behaves like a  failing
-       negative  assertion,  the  backtracking control verbs cause an error if
+       Since these verbs are specifically related  to  backtracking,  most  of
+       them  can  be  used only when the pattern is to be matched using one of
+       the traditional matching functions, because these  use  a  backtracking
+       algorithm.  With the exception of (*FAIL), which behaves like a failing
+       negative assertion, the backtracking control verbs cause  an  error  if
        encountered by a DFA matching function.
 
-       The behaviour of these verbs in repeated  groups,  assertions,  and  in
+       The  behaviour  of  these  verbs in repeated groups, assertions, and in
        subpatterns called as subroutines (whether or not recursively) is docu-
        mented below.
 
    Optimizations that affect backtracking verbs
 
-       PCRE contains some optimizations that are used to speed up matching  by
+       PCRE  contains some optimizations that are used to speed up matching by
        running some checks at the start of each match attempt. For example, it
-       may know the minimum length of matching subject, or that  a  particular
+       may  know  the minimum length of matching subject, or that a particular
        character must be present. When one of these optimizations bypasses the
-       running of a match,  any  included  backtracking  verbs  will  not,  of
+       running  of  a  match,  any  included  backtracking  verbs will not, of
        course, be processed. You can suppress the start-of-match optimizations
-       by setting the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE  option  when  calling  pcre_com-
+       by  setting  the  PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE  option when calling pcre_com-
        pile() or pcre_exec(), or by starting the pattern with (*NO_START_OPT).
        There is more discussion of this option in the section entitled "Option
        bits for pcre_exec()" in the pcreapi documentation.
 
-       Experiments  with  Perl  suggest that it too has similar optimizations,
+       Experiments with Perl suggest that it too  has  similar  optimizations,
        sometimes leading to anomalous results.
 
    Verbs that act immediately
 
-       The following verbs act as soon as they are encountered. They  may  not
+       The  following  verbs act as soon as they are encountered. They may not
        be followed by a name.
 
           (*ACCEPT)
 
-       This  verb causes the match to end successfully, skipping the remainder
-       of the pattern. However, when it is inside a subpattern that is  called
-       as  a  subroutine, only that subpattern is ended successfully. Matching
+       This verb causes the match to end successfully, skipping the  remainder
+       of  the pattern. However, when it is inside a subpattern that is called
+       as a subroutine, only that subpattern is ended  successfully.  Matching
        then continues at the outer level. If (*ACCEPT) in triggered in a posi-
-       tive  assertion,  the  assertion succeeds; in a negative assertion, the
+       tive assertion, the assertion succeeds; in a  negative  assertion,  the
        assertion fails.
 
-       If (*ACCEPT) is inside capturing parentheses, the data so far  is  cap-
+       If  (*ACCEPT)  is inside capturing parentheses, the data so far is cap-
        tured. For example:
 
          A((?:A|B(*ACCEPT)|C)D)
 
-       This  matches  "AB", "AAD", or "ACD"; when it matches "AB", "B" is cap-
+       This matches "AB", "AAD", or "ACD"; when it matches "AB", "B"  is  cap-
        tured by the outer parentheses.
 
          (*FAIL) or (*F)
 
-       This verb causes a matching failure, forcing backtracking to occur.  It
-       is  equivalent to (?!) but easier to read. The Perl documentation notes
-       that it is probably useful only when combined  with  (?{})  or  (??{}).
-       Those  are,  of course, Perl features that are not present in PCRE. The
-       nearest equivalent is the callout feature, as for example in this  pat-
+       This  verb causes a matching failure, forcing backtracking to occur. It
+       is equivalent to (?!) but easier to read. The Perl documentation  notes
+       that  it  is  probably  useful only when combined with (?{}) or (??{}).
+       Those are, of course, Perl features that are not present in  PCRE.  The
+       nearest  equivalent is the callout feature, as for example in this pat-
        tern:
 
          a+(?C)(*FAIL)
 
-       A  match  with the string "aaaa" always fails, but the callout is taken
+       A match with the string "aaaa" always fails, but the callout  is  taken
        before each backtrack happens (in this example, 10 times).
 
    Recording which path was taken
 
-       There is one verb whose main purpose  is  to  track  how  a  match  was
-       arrived  at,  though  it  also  has a secondary use in conjunction with
+       There  is  one  verb  whose  main  purpose  is to track how a match was
+       arrived at, though it also has a  secondary  use  in  conjunction  with
        advancing the match starting point (see (*SKIP) below).
 
          (*MARK:NAME) or (*:NAME)
 
-       A name is always  required  with  this  verb.  There  may  be  as  many
-       instances  of  (*MARK) as you like in a pattern, and their names do not
+       A  name  is  always  required  with  this  verb.  There  may be as many
+       instances of (*MARK) as you like in a pattern, and their names  do  not
        have to be unique.
 
-       When a match succeeds, the name of the  last-encountered  (*MARK:NAME),
-       (*PRUNE:NAME),  or  (*THEN:NAME) on the matching path is passed back to
-       the caller as  described  in  the  section  entitled  "Extra  data  for
-       pcre_exec()"  in  the  pcreapi  documentation.  Here  is  an example of
-       pcretest output, where the /K modifier requests the retrieval and  out-
+       When  a  match succeeds, the name of the last-encountered (*MARK:NAME),
+       (*PRUNE:NAME), or (*THEN:NAME) on the matching path is passed  back  to
+       the  caller  as  described  in  the  section  entitled  "Extra data for
+       pcre_exec()" in the  pcreapi  documentation.  Here  is  an  example  of
+       pcretest  output, where the /K modifier requests the retrieval and out-
        putting of (*MARK) data:
 
            re> /X(*MARK:A)Y|X(*MARK:B)Z/K
@@ -7366,73 +7379,73 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL
          MK: B
 
        The (*MARK) name is tagged with "MK:" in this output, and in this exam-
-       ple it indicates which of the two alternatives matched. This is a  more
-       efficient  way of obtaining this information than putting each alterna-
+       ple  it indicates which of the two alternatives matched. This is a more
+       efficient way of obtaining this information than putting each  alterna-
        tive in its own capturing parentheses.
 
-       If a verb with a name is encountered in a positive  assertion  that  is
-       true,  the  name  is recorded and passed back if it is the last-encoun-
+       If  a  verb  with a name is encountered in a positive assertion that is
+       true, the name is recorded and passed back if it  is  the  last-encoun-
        tered. This does not happen for negative assertions or failing positive
        assertions.
 
-       After  a  partial match or a failed match, the last encountered name in
+       After a partial match or a failed match, the last encountered  name  in
        the entire match process is returned. For example:
 
            re> /X(*MARK:A)Y|X(*MARK:B)Z/K
          data> XP
          No match, mark = B
 
-       Note that in this unanchored example the  mark  is  retained  from  the
+       Note  that  in  this  unanchored  example the mark is retained from the
        match attempt that started at the letter "X" in the subject. Subsequent
        match attempts starting at "P" and then with an empty string do not get
        as far as the (*MARK) item, but nevertheless do not reset it.
 
-       If  you  are  interested  in  (*MARK)  values after failed matches, you
-       should probably set the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option  (see  above)  to
+       If you are interested in  (*MARK)  values  after  failed  matches,  you
+       should  probably  set  the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option (see above) to
        ensure that the match is always attempted.
 
    Verbs that act after backtracking
 
        The following verbs do nothing when they are encountered. Matching con-
-       tinues with what follows, but if there is no subsequent match,  causing
-       a  backtrack  to  the  verb, a failure is forced. That is, backtracking
-       cannot pass to the left of the verb. However, when one of  these  verbs
+       tinues  with what follows, but if there is no subsequent match, causing
+       a backtrack to the verb, a failure is  forced.  That  is,  backtracking
+       cannot  pass  to the left of the verb. However, when one of these verbs
        appears inside an atomic group or an assertion that is true, its effect
-       is confined to that group, because once the  group  has  been  matched,
-       there  is never any backtracking into it. In this situation, backtrack-
-       ing can "jump back" to the left of the entire atomic  group  or  asser-
-       tion.  (Remember  also,  as  stated  above, that this localization also
+       is  confined  to  that  group, because once the group has been matched,
+       there is never any backtracking into it. In this situation,  backtrack-
+       ing  can  "jump  back" to the left of the entire atomic group or asser-
+       tion. (Remember also, as stated  above,  that  this  localization  also
        applies in subroutine calls.)
 
-       These verbs differ in exactly what kind of failure  occurs  when  back-
-       tracking  reaches  them.  The behaviour described below is what happens
-       when the verb is not in a subroutine or an assertion.  Subsequent  sec-
+       These  verbs  differ  in exactly what kind of failure occurs when back-
+       tracking reaches them. The behaviour described below  is  what  happens
+       when  the  verb is not in a subroutine or an assertion. Subsequent sec-
        tions cover these special cases.
 
          (*COMMIT)
 
-       This  verb, which may not be followed by a name, causes the whole match
+       This verb, which may not be followed by a name, causes the whole  match
        to fail outright if there is a later matching failure that causes back-
-       tracking  to  reach  it.  Even if the pattern is unanchored, no further
+       tracking to reach it. Even if the pattern  is  unanchored,  no  further
        attempts to find a match by advancing the starting point take place. If
-       (*COMMIT)  is  the  only backtracking verb that is encountered, once it
+       (*COMMIT) is the only backtracking verb that is  encountered,  once  it
        has been passed pcre_exec() is committed to finding a match at the cur-
        rent starting point, or not at all. For example:
 
          a+(*COMMIT)b
 
-       This  matches  "xxaab" but not "aacaab". It can be thought of as a kind
+       This matches "xxaab" but not "aacaab". It can be thought of as  a  kind
        of dynamic anchor, or "I've started, so I must finish." The name of the
-       most  recently passed (*MARK) in the path is passed back when (*COMMIT)
+       most recently passed (*MARK) in the path is passed back when  (*COMMIT)
        forces a match failure.
 
-       If there is more than one backtracking verb in a pattern,  a  different
-       one  that  follows  (*COMMIT) may be triggered first, so merely passing
+       If  there  is more than one backtracking verb in a pattern, a different
+       one that follows (*COMMIT) may be triggered first,  so  merely  passing
        (*COMMIT) during a match does not always guarantee that a match must be
        at this starting point.
 
-       Note  that  (*COMMIT)  at  the start of a pattern is not the same as an
-       anchor, unless PCRE's start-of-match optimizations are turned  off,  as
+       Note that (*COMMIT) at the start of a pattern is not  the  same  as  an
+       anchor,  unless  PCRE's start-of-match optimizations are turned off, as
        shown in this output from pcretest:
 
            re> /(*COMMIT)abc/
@@ -7443,207 +7456,207 @@ BACKTRACKING CONTROL
 
        For this pattern, PCRE knows that any match must start with "a", so the
        optimization skips along the subject to "a" before applying the pattern
-       to  the first set of data. The match attempt then succeeds. In the sec-
-       ond set of data, the escape sequence \Y is interpreted by the  pcretest
-       program.  It  causes  the  PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option to be set when
+       to the first set of data. The match attempt then succeeds. In the  sec-
+       ond  set of data, the escape sequence \Y is interpreted by the pcretest
+       program. It causes the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option  to  be  set  when
        pcre_exec() is called.  This disables the optimization that skips along
        to the first character. The pattern is now applied starting at "x", and
-       so the (*COMMIT) causes the match to  fail  without  trying  any  other
+       so  the  (*COMMIT)  causes  the  match to fail without trying any other
        starting points.
 
          (*PRUNE) or (*PRUNE:NAME)
 
-       This  verb causes the match to fail at the current starting position in
+       This verb causes the match to fail at the current starting position  in
        the subject if there is a later matching failure that causes backtrack-
-       ing  to  reach it. If the pattern is unanchored, the normal "bumpalong"
-       advance to the next starting character then happens.  Backtracking  can
-       occur  as  usual to the left of (*PRUNE), before it is reached, or when
-       matching to the right of (*PRUNE), but if there  is  no  match  to  the
-       right,  backtracking cannot cross (*PRUNE). In simple cases, the use of
-       (*PRUNE) is just an alternative to an atomic group or possessive  quan-
+       ing to reach it. If the pattern is unanchored, the  normal  "bumpalong"
+       advance  to  the next starting character then happens. Backtracking can
+       occur as usual to the left of (*PRUNE), before it is reached,  or  when
+       matching  to  the  right  of  (*PRUNE), but if there is no match to the
+       right, backtracking cannot cross (*PRUNE). In simple cases, the use  of
+       (*PRUNE)  is just an alternative to an atomic group or possessive quan-
        tifier, but there are some uses of (*PRUNE) that cannot be expressed in
-       any other way. In an anchored pattern (*PRUNE) has the same  effect  as
+       any  other  way. In an anchored pattern (*PRUNE) has the same effect as
        (*COMMIT).
 
        The   behaviour   of   (*PRUNE:NAME)   is   the   not   the   same   as
-       (*MARK:NAME)(*PRUNE).  It is like (*MARK:NAME)  in  that  the  name  is
-       remembered  for  passing  back  to  the  caller.  However, (*SKIP:NAME)
+       (*MARK:NAME)(*PRUNE).   It  is  like  (*MARK:NAME)  in that the name is
+       remembered for  passing  back  to  the  caller.  However,  (*SKIP:NAME)
        searches only for names set with (*MARK).
 
          (*SKIP)
 
-       This verb, when given without a name, is like (*PRUNE), except that  if
-       the  pattern  is unanchored, the "bumpalong" advance is not to the next
+       This  verb, when given without a name, is like (*PRUNE), except that if
+       the pattern is unanchored, the "bumpalong" advance is not to  the  next
        character, but to the position in the subject where (*SKIP) was encoun-
-       tered.  (*SKIP)  signifies that whatever text was matched leading up to
+       tered. (*SKIP) signifies that whatever text was matched leading  up  to
        it cannot be part of a successful match. Consider:
 
          a+(*SKIP)b
 
-       If the subject is "aaaac...",  after  the  first  match  attempt  fails
-       (starting  at  the  first  character in the string), the starting point
+       If  the  subject  is  "aaaac...",  after  the first match attempt fails
+       (starting at the first character in the  string),  the  starting  point
        skips on to start the next attempt at "c". Note that a possessive quan-
-       tifer  does not have the same effect as this example; although it would
-       suppress backtracking  during  the  first  match  attempt,  the  second
-       attempt  would  start at the second character instead of skipping on to
+       tifer does not have the same effect as this example; although it  would
+       suppress  backtracking  during  the  first  match  attempt,  the second
+       attempt would start at the second character instead of skipping  on  to
        "c".
 
          (*SKIP:NAME)
 
        When (*SKIP) has an associated name, its behaviour is modified. When it
        is triggered, the previous path through the pattern is searched for the
-       most recent (*MARK) that has the  same  name.  If  one  is  found,  the
+       most  recent  (*MARK)  that  has  the  same  name. If one is found, the
        "bumpalong" advance is to the subject position that corresponds to that
        (*MARK) instead of to where (*SKIP) was encountered. If no (*MARK) with
        a matching name is found, the (*SKIP) is ignored.
 
-       Note  that (*SKIP:NAME) searches only for names set by (*MARK:NAME). It
+       Note that (*SKIP:NAME) searches only for names set by (*MARK:NAME).  It
        ignores names that are set by (*PRUNE:NAME) or (*THEN:NAME).
 
          (*THEN) or (*THEN:NAME)
 
-       This verb causes a skip to the next innermost  alternative  when  back-
-       tracking  reaches  it.  That  is,  it  cancels any further backtracking
-       within the current alternative. Its name  comes  from  the  observation
+       This  verb  causes  a skip to the next innermost alternative when back-
+       tracking reaches it. That  is,  it  cancels  any  further  backtracking
+       within  the  current  alternative.  Its name comes from the observation
        that it can be used for a pattern-based if-then-else block:
 
          ( COND1 (*THEN) FOO | COND2 (*THEN) BAR | COND3 (*THEN) BAZ ) ...
 
-       If  the COND1 pattern matches, FOO is tried (and possibly further items
-       after the end of the group if FOO succeeds); on  failure,  the  matcher
-       skips  to  the second alternative and tries COND2, without backtracking
-       into COND1. If that succeeds and BAR fails, COND3 is tried.  If  subse-
-       quently  BAZ fails, there are no more alternatives, so there is a back-
-       track to whatever came before the  entire  group.  If  (*THEN)  is  not
+       If the COND1 pattern matches, FOO is tried (and possibly further  items
+       after  the  end  of the group if FOO succeeds); on failure, the matcher
+       skips to the second alternative and tries COND2,  without  backtracking
+       into  COND1.  If that succeeds and BAR fails, COND3 is tried. If subse-
+       quently BAZ fails, there are no more alternatives, so there is a  back-
+       track  to  whatever  came  before  the  entire group. If (*THEN) is not
        inside an alternation, it acts like (*PRUNE).
 
-       The    behaviour   of   (*THEN:NAME)   is   the   not   the   same   as
-       (*MARK:NAME)(*THEN).  It is like  (*MARK:NAME)  in  that  the  name  is
-       remembered  for  passing  back  to  the  caller.  However, (*SKIP:NAME)
+       The   behaviour   of   (*THEN:NAME)   is   the   not   the   same    as
+       (*MARK:NAME)(*THEN).   It  is  like  (*MARK:NAME)  in  that the name is
+       remembered for  passing  back  to  the  caller.  However,  (*SKIP:NAME)
        searches only for names set with (*MARK).
 
-       A subpattern that does not contain a | character is just a part of  the
-       enclosing  alternative;  it  is  not a nested alternation with only one
-       alternative. The effect of (*THEN) extends beyond such a subpattern  to
-       the  enclosing alternative. Consider this pattern, where A, B, etc. are
-       complex pattern fragments that do not contain any | characters at  this
+       A  subpattern that does not contain a | character is just a part of the
+       enclosing alternative; it is not a nested  alternation  with  only  one
+       alternative.  The effect of (*THEN) extends beyond such a subpattern to
+       the enclosing alternative. Consider this pattern, where A, B, etc.  are
+       complex  pattern fragments that do not contain any | characters at this
        level:
 
          A (B(*THEN)C) | D
 
-       If  A and B are matched, but there is a failure in C, matching does not
+       If A and B are matched, but there is a failure in C, matching does  not
        backtrack into A; instead it moves to the next alternative, that is, D.
-       However,  if the subpattern containing (*THEN) is given an alternative,
+       However, if the subpattern containing (*THEN) is given an  alternative,
        it behaves differently:
 
          A (B(*THEN)C | (*FAIL)) | D
 
-       The effect of (*THEN) is now confined to the inner subpattern. After  a
+       The  effect of (*THEN) is now confined to the inner subpattern. After a
        failure in C, matching moves to (*FAIL), which causes the whole subpat-
-       tern to fail because there are no more alternatives  to  try.  In  this
+       tern  to  fail  because  there are no more alternatives to try. In this
        case, matching does now backtrack into A.
 
-       Note  that  a  conditional  subpattern  is not considered as having two
-       alternatives, because only one is ever used.  In  other  words,  the  |
+       Note that a conditional subpattern is  not  considered  as  having  two
+       alternatives,  because  only  one  is  ever used. In other words, the |
        character in a conditional subpattern has a different meaning. Ignoring
        white space, consider:
 
          ^.*? (?(?=a) a | b(*THEN)c )
 
-       If the subject is "ba", this pattern does not  match.  Because  .*?  is
-       ungreedy,  it  initially  matches  zero characters. The condition (?=a)
-       then fails, the character "b" is matched,  but  "c"  is  not.  At  this
-       point,  matching does not backtrack to .*? as might perhaps be expected
-       from the presence of the | character.  The  conditional  subpattern  is
+       If  the  subject  is  "ba", this pattern does not match. Because .*? is
+       ungreedy, it initially matches zero  characters.  The  condition  (?=a)
+       then  fails,  the  character  "b"  is  matched, but "c" is not. At this
+       point, matching does not backtrack to .*? as might perhaps be  expected
+       from  the  presence  of  the | character. The conditional subpattern is
        part of the single alternative that comprises the whole pattern, and so
-       the match fails. (If there was a backtrack into  .*?,  allowing  it  to
+       the  match  fails.  (If  there was a backtrack into .*?, allowing it to
        match "b", the match would succeed.)
 
-       The  verbs just described provide four different "strengths" of control
+       The verbs just described provide four different "strengths" of  control
        when subsequent matching fails. (*THEN) is the weakest, carrying on the
-       match  at  the next alternative. (*PRUNE) comes next, failing the match
-       at the current starting position, but allowing an advance to  the  next
-       character  (for an unanchored pattern). (*SKIP) is similar, except that
+       match at the next alternative. (*PRUNE) comes next, failing  the  match
+       at  the  current starting position, but allowing an advance to the next
+       character (for an unanchored pattern). (*SKIP) is similar, except  that
        the advance may be more than one character. (*COMMIT) is the strongest,
        causing the entire match to fail.
 
    More than one backtracking verb
 
-       If  more  than  one  backtracking verb is present in a pattern, the one
-       that is backtracked onto first acts. For example,  consider  this  pat-
+       If more than one backtracking verb is present in  a  pattern,  the  one
+       that  is  backtracked  onto first acts. For example, consider this pat-
        tern, where A, B, etc. are complex pattern fragments:
 
          (A(*COMMIT)B(*THEN)C|ABD)
 
-       If  A matches but B fails, the backtrack to (*COMMIT) causes the entire
+       If A matches but B fails, the backtrack to (*COMMIT) causes the  entire
        match to fail. However, if A and B match, but C fails, the backtrack to
-       (*THEN)  causes  the next alternative (ABD) to be tried. This behaviour
-       is consistent, but is not always the same as Perl's. It means  that  if
-       two  or  more backtracking verbs appear in succession, all the the last
+       (*THEN) causes the next alternative (ABD) to be tried.  This  behaviour
+       is  consistent,  but is not always the same as Perl's. It means that if
+       two or more backtracking verbs appear in succession, all the  the  last
        of them has no effect. Consider this example:
 
          ...(*COMMIT)(*PRUNE)...
 
        If there is a matching failure to the right, backtracking onto (*PRUNE)
-       causes  it to be triggered, and its action is taken. There can never be
+       causes it to be triggered, and its action is taken. There can never  be
        a backtrack onto (*COMMIT).
 
    Backtracking verbs in repeated groups
 
-       PCRE differs from  Perl  in  its  handling  of  backtracking  verbs  in
+       PCRE  differs  from  Perl  in  its  handling  of  backtracking verbs in
        repeated groups. For example, consider:
 
          /(a(*COMMIT)b)+ac/
 
-       If  the  subject  is  "abac",  Perl matches, but PCRE fails because the
+       If the subject is "abac", Perl matches,  but  PCRE  fails  because  the
        (*COMMIT) in the second repeat of the group acts.
 
    Backtracking verbs in assertions
 
-       (*FAIL) in an assertion has its normal effect: it forces  an  immediate
+       (*FAIL)  in  an assertion has its normal effect: it forces an immediate
        backtrack.
 
        (*ACCEPT) in a positive assertion causes the assertion to succeed with-
-       out any further processing. In a negative assertion,  (*ACCEPT)  causes
+       out  any  further processing. In a negative assertion, (*ACCEPT) causes
        the assertion to fail without any further processing.
 
-       The  other  backtracking verbs are not treated specially if they appear
-       in a positive assertion. In  particular,  (*THEN)  skips  to  the  next
-       alternative  in  the  innermost  enclosing group that has alternations,
+       The other backtracking verbs are not treated specially if  they  appear
+       in  a  positive  assertion.  In  particular,  (*THEN) skips to the next
+       alternative in the innermost enclosing  group  that  has  alternations,
        whether or not this is within the assertion.
 
-       Negative assertions are, however, different, in order  to  ensure  that
-       changing  a  positive  assertion  into a negative assertion changes its
+       Negative  assertions  are,  however, different, in order to ensure that
+       changing a positive assertion into a  negative  assertion  changes  its
        result. Backtracking into (*COMMIT), (*SKIP), or (*PRUNE) causes a neg-
        ative assertion to be true, without considering any further alternative
        branches in the assertion.  Backtracking into (*THEN) causes it to skip
-       to  the next enclosing alternative within the assertion (the normal be-
-       haviour), but if the assertion  does  not  have  such  an  alternative,
+       to the next enclosing alternative within the assertion (the normal  be-
+       haviour),  but  if  the  assertion  does  not have such an alternative,
        (*THEN) behaves like (*PRUNE).
 
    Backtracking verbs in subroutines
 
-       These  behaviours  occur whether or not the subpattern is called recur-
+       These behaviours occur whether or not the subpattern is  called  recur-
        sively.  Perl's treatment of subroutines is different in some cases.
 
-       (*FAIL) in a subpattern called as a subroutine has its  normal  effect:
+       (*FAIL)  in  a subpattern called as a subroutine has its normal effect:
        it forces an immediate backtrack.
 
-       (*ACCEPT)  in a subpattern called as a subroutine causes the subroutine
-       match to succeed without any further processing. Matching then  contin-
+       (*ACCEPT) in a subpattern called as a subroutine causes the  subroutine
+       match  to succeed without any further processing. Matching then contin-
        ues after the subroutine call.
 
        (*COMMIT), (*SKIP), and (*PRUNE) in a subpattern called as a subroutine
        cause the subroutine match to fail.
 
-       (*THEN) skips to the next alternative in the innermost enclosing  group
-       within  the subpattern that has alternatives. If there is no such group
+       (*THEN)  skips to the next alternative in the innermost enclosing group
+       within the subpattern that has alternatives. If there is no such  group
        within the subpattern, (*THEN) causes the subroutine match to fail.
 
 
 SEE ALSO
 
-       pcreapi(3), pcrecallout(3),  pcrematching(3),  pcresyntax(3),  pcre(3),
+       pcreapi(3),  pcrecallout(3),  pcrematching(3),  pcresyntax(3), pcre(3),
        pcre16(3), pcre32(3).
 
 
@@ -7656,8 +7669,8 @@ AUTHOR
 
 REVISION
 
-       Last updated: 08 January 2014
-       Copyright (c) 1997-2014 University of Cambridge.
+       Last updated: 14 June 2015
+       Copyright (c) 1997-2015 University of Cambridge.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
diff --git a/doc/pcrepattern.3 b/doc/pcrepattern.3
index 953f05c..3b8c639 100644
--- a/doc/pcrepattern.3
+++ b/doc/pcrepattern.3
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the character (hex
 but \ec{ becomes hex 3B ({ is 7B), and \ec; becomes hex 7B (; is 3B). If the
 data item (byte or 16-bit value) following \ec has a value greater than 127, a
 compile-time error occurs. This locks out non-ASCII characters in all modes.
-.P                                                    
+.P
 When PCRE is compiled in EBCDIC mode, \ea, \ee, \ef, \en, \er, and \et
 generate the appropriate EBCDIC code values. The \ec escape is processed
 as specified for Perl in the \fBperlebcdic\fP document. The only characters
@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@ to hex 1A); [, \e, ], ^, and _ encode characters 27-31 (hex 1B to hex 1F), and
 \e? becomes either 255 (hex FF) or 95 (hex 5F).
 .P
 Thus, apart from \e?, these escapes generate the same character code values as
-they do in an ASCII environment, though the meanings of the values mostly 
+they do in an ASCII environment, though the meanings of the values mostly
 differ. For example, \eG always generates code value 7, which is BEL in ASCII
 but DEL in EBCDIC.
 .P
 The sequence \e? generates DEL (127, hex 7F) in an ASCII environment, but
-because 127 is not a control character in EBCDIC, Perl makes it generate the 
-APC character. Unfortunately, there are several variants of EBCDIC. In most of 
-them the APC character has the value 255 (hex FF), but in the one Perl calls 
-POSIX-BC its value is 95 (hex 5F). If certain other characters have POSIX-BC 
+because 127 is not a control character in EBCDIC, Perl makes it generate the
+APC character. Unfortunately, there are several variants of EBCDIC. In most of
+them the APC character has the value 255 (hex FF), but in the one Perl calls
+POSIX-BC its value is 95 (hex 5F). If certain other characters have POSIX-BC
 values, PCRE makes \e? generate 95; otherwise it generates 255.
 .P
 After \e0 up to two further octal digits are read. If there are fewer than two