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| -rw-r--r-- | ChangeLog | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Makefile.am | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | NEWS | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | configure.ac | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/html/pcregrep.html | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/pcregrep.1 | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/pcregrep.txt | 709 |
7 files changed, 371 insertions, 366 deletions
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ Version 8.35 04-April-2014 24. Experimental support for ARM-64 and MIPS-64 has been added to the JIT compiler. - + 25. Change all the temporary files used in RunGrepTest to be different to those - used by RunTest so that the tests can be run simultaneously, for example by - "make -j check". + used by RunTest so that the tests can be run simultaneously, for example by + "make -j check". Version 8.34 15-December-2013 diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am index e0d4079..5f640b0 100644 --- a/Makefile.am +++ b/Makefile.am @@ -622,8 +622,10 @@ CLEANFILES += \ teststderr \ testtemp* \ testtry \ - testNinput - + testNinput \ + testtrygrep \ + teststderrgrep \ + testNinputgrep # PCRE demonstration program. No longer built automatcally. The point is that # the users should build it themselves. So just distribute the source. @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ News about PCRE releases ------------------------ -Release 8.35 14-March-2014 +Release 8.35 04-April-2014 -------------------------- There have been performance improvements for classes containing non-ASCII diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index 87e7274..aab2f56 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ dnl be defined as -RC2, for example. For real releases, it should be empty. m4_define(pcre_major, [8]) m4_define(pcre_minor, [35]) -m4_define(pcre_prerelease, [-RC1]) -m4_define(pcre_date, [2014-03-14]) +m4_define(pcre_prerelease, []) +m4_define(pcre_date, [2014-04-04]) # NOTE: The CMakeLists.txt file searches for the above variables in the first # 50 lines of this file. Please update that if the variables above are moved. diff --git a/doc/html/pcregrep.html b/doc/html/pcregrep.html index bac8f9a..dacbb49 100644 --- a/doc/html/pcregrep.html +++ b/doc/html/pcregrep.html @@ -37,8 +37,10 @@ man page, in case the conversion went wrong. <b>pcregrep</b> searches files for character patterns, in the same way as other grep commands do, but it uses the PCRE regular expression library to support patterns that are compatible with the regular expressions of Perl 5. See +<a href="pcresyntax.html"><b>pcresyntax</b>(3)</a> +for a quick-reference summary of pattern syntax, or <a href="pcrepattern.html"><b>pcrepattern</b>(3)</a> -for a full description of syntax and semantics of the regular expressions +for a full description of the syntax and semantics of the regular expressions that PCRE supports. </P> <P> @@ -748,9 +750,9 @@ Cambridge CB2 3QH, England. </P> <br><a name="SEC14" href="#TOC1">REVISION</a><br> <P> -Last updated: 13 September 2012 +Last updated: 03 April 2014 <br> -Copyright © 1997-2012 University of Cambridge. +Copyright © 1997-2014 University of Cambridge. <br> <p> Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>. diff --git a/doc/pcregrep.1 b/doc/pcregrep.1 index 572bc15..9886675 100644 --- a/doc/pcregrep.1 +++ b/doc/pcregrep.1 @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pcregrep - a grep with Perl-compatible regular expressions. \fBpcregrep\fP searches files for character patterns, in the same way as other grep commands do, but it uses the PCRE regular expression library to support patterns that are compatible with the regular expressions of Perl 5. See -.\"HREF +.\" HREF \fBpcresyntax\fP(3) .\" for a quick-reference summary of pattern syntax, or diff --git a/doc/pcregrep.txt b/doc/pcregrep.txt index b31eb77..97d9a7b 100644 --- a/doc/pcregrep.txt +++ b/doc/pcregrep.txt @@ -14,394 +14,395 @@ DESCRIPTION pcregrep searches files for character patterns, in the same way as other grep commands do, but it uses the PCRE regular expression library to support patterns that are compatible with the regular expressions of - Perl 5. See pcrepattern(3) for a full description of syntax and seman- + Perl 5. See pcresyntax(3) for a quick-reference summary of pattern syn- + tax, or pcrepattern(3) for a full description of the syntax and seman- tics of the regular expressions that PCRE supports. - Patterns, whether supplied on the command line or in a separate file, + Patterns, whether supplied on the command line or in a separate file, are given without delimiters. For example: pcregrep Thursday /etc/motd If you attempt to use delimiters (for example, by surrounding a pattern - with slashes, as is common in Perl scripts), they are interpreted as - part of the pattern. Quotes can of course be used to delimit patterns - on the command line because they are interpreted by the shell, and - indeed quotes are required if a pattern contains white space or shell + with slashes, as is common in Perl scripts), they are interpreted as + part of the pattern. Quotes can of course be used to delimit patterns + on the command line because they are interpreted by the shell, and + indeed quotes are required if a pattern contains white space or shell metacharacters. - The first argument that follows any option settings is treated as the - single pattern to be matched when neither -e nor -f is present. Con- - versely, when one or both of these options are used to specify pat- + The first argument that follows any option settings is treated as the + single pattern to be matched when neither -e nor -f is present. Con- + versely, when one or both of these options are used to specify pat- terns, all arguments are treated as path names. At least one of -e, -f, or an argument pattern must be provided. If no files are specified, pcregrep reads the standard input. The stan- - dard input can also be referenced by a name consisting of a single + dard input can also be referenced by a name consisting of a single hyphen. For example: pcregrep some-pattern /file1 - /file3 - By default, each line that matches a pattern is copied to the standard - output, and if there is more than one file, the file name is output at + By default, each line that matches a pattern is copied to the standard + output, and if there is more than one file, the file name is output at the start of each line, followed by a colon. However, there are options - that can change how pcregrep behaves. In particular, the -M option - makes it possible to search for patterns that span line boundaries. - What defines a line boundary is controlled by the -N (--newline) + that can change how pcregrep behaves. In particular, the -M option + makes it possible to search for patterns that span line boundaries. + What defines a line boundary is controlled by the -N (--newline) option. The amount of memory used for buffering files that are being scanned is - controlled by a parameter that can be set by the --buffer-size option. - The default value for this parameter is specified when pcregrep is - built, with the default default being 20K. A block of memory three - times this size is used (to allow for buffering "before" and "after" + controlled by a parameter that can be set by the --buffer-size option. + The default value for this parameter is specified when pcregrep is + built, with the default default being 20K. A block of memory three + times this size is used (to allow for buffering "before" and "after" lines). An error occurs if a line overflows the buffer. - Patterns can be no longer than 8K or BUFSIZ bytes, whichever is the - greater. BUFSIZ is defined in <stdio.h>. When there is more than one + Patterns can be no longer than 8K or BUFSIZ bytes, whichever is the + greater. BUFSIZ is defined in <stdio.h>. When there is more than one pattern (specified by the use of -e and/or -f), each pattern is applied - to each line in the order in which they are defined, except that all + to each line in the order in which they are defined, except that all the -e patterns are tried before the -f patterns. - By default, as soon as one pattern matches a line, no further patterns + By default, as soon as one pattern matches a line, no further patterns are considered. However, if --colour (or --color) is used to colour the - matching substrings, or if --only-matching, --file-offsets, or --line- - offsets is used to output only the part of the line that matched + matching substrings, or if --only-matching, --file-offsets, or --line- + offsets is used to output only the part of the line that matched (either shown literally, or as an offset), scanning resumes immediately - following the match, so that further matches on the same line can be - found. If there are multiple patterns, they are all tried on the - remainder of the line, but patterns that follow the one that matched + following the match, so that further matches on the same line can be + found. If there are multiple patterns, they are all tried on the + remainder of the line, but patterns that follow the one that matched are not tried on the earlier part of the line. - This behaviour means that the order in which multiple patterns are - specified can affect the output when one of the above options is used. - This is no longer the same behaviour as GNU grep, which now manages to - display earlier matches for later patterns (as long as there is no + This behaviour means that the order in which multiple patterns are + specified can affect the output when one of the above options is used. + This is no longer the same behaviour as GNU grep, which now manages to + display earlier matches for later patterns (as long as there is no overlap). - Patterns that can match an empty string are accepted, but empty string + Patterns that can match an empty string are accepted, but empty string matches are never recognized. An example is the pattern - "(super)?(man)?", in which all components are optional. This pattern - finds all occurrences of both "super" and "man"; the output differs - from matching with "super|man" when only the matching substrings are + "(super)?(man)?", in which all components are optional. This pattern + finds all occurrences of both "super" and "man"; the output differs + from matching with "super|man" when only the matching substrings are being shown. - If the LC_ALL or LC_CTYPE environment variable is set, pcregrep uses - the value to set a locale when calling the PCRE library. The --locale + If the LC_ALL or LC_CTYPE environment variable is set, pcregrep uses + the value to set a locale when calling the PCRE library. The --locale option can be used to override this. SUPPORT FOR COMPRESSED FILES - It is possible to compile pcregrep so that it uses libz or libbz2 to - read files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, respectively. You can find + It is possible to compile pcregrep so that it uses libz or libbz2 to + read files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, respectively. You can find out whether your binary has support for one or both of these file types by running it with the --help option. If the appropriate support is not - present, files are treated as plain text. The standard input is always + present, files are treated as plain text. The standard input is always so treated. BINARY FILES - By default, a file that contains a binary zero byte within the first - 1024 bytes is identified as a binary file, and is processed specially. - (GNU grep also identifies binary files in this manner.) See the - --binary-files option for a means of changing the way binary files are + By default, a file that contains a binary zero byte within the first + 1024 bytes is identified as a binary file, and is processed specially. + (GNU grep also identifies binary files in this manner.) See the + --binary-files option for a means of changing the way binary files are handled. OPTIONS - The order in which some of the options appear can affect the output. - For example, both the -h and -l options affect the printing of file - names. Whichever comes later in the command line will be the one that - takes effect. Similarly, except where noted below, if an option is - given twice, the later setting is used. Numerical values for options - may be followed by K or M, to signify multiplication by 1024 or + The order in which some of the options appear can affect the output. + For example, both the -h and -l options affect the printing of file + names. Whichever comes later in the command line will be the one that + takes effect. Similarly, except where noted below, if an option is + given twice, the later setting is used. Numerical values for options + may be followed by K or M, to signify multiplication by 1024 or 1024*1024 respectively. -- This terminates the list of options. It is useful if the next - item on the command line starts with a hyphen but is not an - option. This allows for the processing of patterns and file- + item on the command line starts with a hyphen but is not an + option. This allows for the processing of patterns and file- names that start with hyphens. -A number, --after-context=number - Output number lines of context after each matching line. If + Output number lines of context after each matching line. If filenames and/or line numbers are being output, a hyphen sep- - arator is used instead of a colon for the context lines. A - line containing "--" is output between each group of lines, - unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The - value of number is expected to be relatively small. However, + arator is used instead of a colon for the context lines. A + line containing "--" is output between each group of lines, + unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The + value of number is expected to be relatively small. However, pcregrep guarantees to have up to 8K of following text avail- able for context output. -a, --text - Treat binary files as text. This is equivalent to --binary- + Treat binary files as text. This is equivalent to --binary- files=text. -B number, --before-context=number - Output number lines of context before each matching line. If + Output number lines of context before each matching line. If filenames and/or line numbers are being output, a hyphen sep- - arator is used instead of a colon for the context lines. A - line containing "--" is output between each group of lines, - unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The - value of number is expected to be relatively small. However, + arator is used instead of a colon for the context lines. A + line containing "--" is output between each group of lines, + unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The + value of number is expected to be relatively small. However, pcregrep guarantees to have up to 8K of preceding text avail- able for context output. --binary-files=word - Specify how binary files are to be processed. If the word is - "binary" (the default), pattern matching is performed on - binary files, but the only output is "Binary file <name> - matches" when a match succeeds. If the word is "text", which - is equivalent to the -a or --text option, binary files are - processed in the same way as any other file. In this case, - when a match succeeds, the output may be binary garbage, - which can have nasty effects if sent to a terminal. If the - word is "without-match", which is equivalent to the -I - option, binary files are not processed at all; they are + Specify how binary files are to be processed. If the word is + "binary" (the default), pattern matching is performed on + binary files, but the only output is "Binary file <name> + matches" when a match succeeds. If the word is "text", which + is equivalent to the -a or --text option, binary files are + processed in the same way as any other file. In this case, + when a match succeeds, the output may be binary garbage, + which can have nasty effects if sent to a terminal. If the + word is "without-match", which is equivalent to the -I + option, binary files are not processed at all; they are assumed not to be of interest. --buffer-size=number - Set the parameter that controls how much memory is used for + Set the parameter that controls how much memory is used for buffering files that are being scanned. -C number, --context=number - Output number lines of context both before and after each - matching line. This is equivalent to setting both -A and -B + Output number lines of context both before and after each + matching line. This is equivalent to setting both -A and -B to the same value. -c, --count - Do not output individual lines from the files that are being + Do not output individual lines from the files that are being scanned; instead output the number of lines that would other- - wise have been shown. If no lines are selected, the number - zero is output. If several files are are being scanned, a - count is output for each of them. However, if the --files- - with-matches option is also used, only those files whose + wise have been shown. If no lines are selected, the number + zero is output. If several files are are being scanned, a + count is output for each of them. However, if the --files- + with-matches option is also used, only those files whose counts are greater than zero are listed. When -c is used, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. --colour, --color If this option is given without any data, it is equivalent to - "--colour=auto". If data is required, it must be given in + "--colour=auto". If data is required, it must be given in the same shell item, separated by an equals sign. --colour=value, --color=value This option specifies under what circumstances the parts of a line that matched a pattern should be coloured in the output. - By default, the output is not coloured. The value (which is - optional, see above) may be "never", "always", or "auto". In - the latter case, colouring happens only if the standard out- - put is connected to a terminal. More resources are used when - colouring is enabled, because pcregrep has to search for all - possible matches in a line, not just one, in order to colour + By default, the output is not coloured. The value (which is + optional, see above) may be "never", "always", or "auto". In + the latter case, colouring happens only if the standard out- + put is connected to a terminal. More resources are used when + colouring is enabled, because pcregrep has to search for all + possible matches in a line, not just one, in order to colour them all. The colour that is used can be specified by setting the envi- ronment variable PCREGREP_COLOUR or PCREGREP_COLOR. The value of this variable should be a string of two numbers, separated - by a semicolon. They are copied directly into the control - string for setting colour on a terminal, so it is your - responsibility to ensure that they make sense. If neither of - the environment variables is set, the default is "1;31", + by a semicolon. They are copied directly into the control + string for setting colour on a terminal, so it is your + responsibility to ensure that they make sense. If neither of + the environment variables is set, the default is "1;31", which gives red. -D action, --devices=action - If an input path is not a regular file or a directory, - "action" specifies how it is to be processed. Valid values + If an input path is not a regular file or a directory, + "action" specifies how it is to be processed. Valid values are "read" (the default) or "skip" (silently skip the path). -d action, --directories=action If an input path is a directory, "action" specifies how it is - to be processed. Valid values are "read" (the default in - non-Windows environments, for compatibility with GNU grep), - "recurse" (equivalent to the -r option), or "skip" (silently - skip the path, the default in Windows environments). In the - "read" case, directories are read as if they were ordinary - files. In some operating systems the effect of reading a + to be processed. Valid values are "read" (the default in + non-Windows environments, for compatibility with GNU grep), + "recurse" (equivalent to the -r option), or "skip" (silently + skip the path, the default in Windows environments). In the + "read" case, directories are read as if they were ordinary + files. In some operating systems the effect of reading a directory like this is an immediate end-of-file; in others it may provoke an error. -e pattern, --regex=pattern, --regexp=pattern Specify a pattern to be matched. This option can be used mul- tiple times in order to specify several patterns. It can also - be used as a way of specifying a single pattern that starts - with a hyphen. When -e is used, no argument pattern is taken - from the command line; all arguments are treated as file - names. There is no limit to the number of patterns. They are - applied to each line in the order in which they are defined + be used as a way of specifying a single pattern that starts + with a hyphen. When -e is used, no argument pattern is taken + from the command line; all arguments are treated as file + names. There is no limit to the number of patterns. They are + applied to each line in the order in which they are defined until one matches. - If -f is used with -e, the command line patterns are matched + If -f is used with -e, the command line patterns are matched first, followed by the patterns from the file(s), independent - of the order in which these options are specified. Note that - multiple use of -e is not the same as a single pattern with + of the order in which these options are specified. Note that + multiple use of -e is not the same as a single pattern with alternatives. For example, X|Y finds the first character in a - line that is X or Y, whereas if the two patterns are given - separately, with X first, pcregrep finds X if it is present, + line that is X or Y, whereas if the two patterns are given + separately, with X first, pcregrep finds X if it is present, even if it follows Y in the line. It finds Y only if there is - no X in the line. This matters only if you are using -o or + no X in the line. This matters only if you are using -o or --colo(u)r to show the part(s) of the line that matched. --exclude=pattern Files (but not directories) whose names match the pattern are - skipped without being processed. This applies to all files, - whether listed on the command line, obtained from --file- + skipped without being processed. This applies to all files, + whether listed on the command line, obtained from --file- list, or by scanning a directory. The pattern is a PCRE regu- lar expression, and is matched against the final component of - the file name, not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x + the file name, not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x options do not apply to this pattern. The option may be given any number of times in order to specify multiple patterns. If - a file name matches both an --include and an --exclude pat- + a file name matches both an --include and an --exclude pat- tern, it is excluded. There is no short form for this option. --exclude-from=filename - Treat each non-empty line of the file as the data for an + Treat each non-empty line of the file as the data for an --exclude option. What constitutes a newline when reading the - file is the operating system's default. The --newline option - has no effect on this option. This option may be given more + file is the operating system's default. The --newline option + has no effect on this option. This option may be given more than once in order to specify a number of files to read. --exclude-dir=pattern Directories whose names match the pattern are skipped without - being processed, whatever the setting of the --recursive - option. This applies to all directories, whether listed on + being processed, whatever the setting of the --recursive + option. This applies to all directories, whether listed on the command line, obtained from --file-list, or by scanning a - parent directory. The pattern is a PCRE regular expression, - and is matched against the final component of the directory - name, not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x options do not - apply to this pattern. The option may be given any number of - times in order to specify more than one pattern. If a direc- - tory matches both --include-dir and --exclude-dir, it is + parent directory. The pattern is a PCRE regular expression, + and is matched against the final component of the directory + name, not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x options do not + apply to this pattern. The option may be given any number of + times in order to specify more than one pattern. If a direc- + tory matches both --include-dir and --exclude-dir, it is excluded. There is no short form for this option. -F, --fixed-strings - Interpret each data-matching pattern as a list of fixed - strings, separated by newlines, instead of as a regular - expression. What constitutes a newline for this purpose is - controlled by the --newline option. The -w (match as a word) - and -x (match whole line) options can be used with -F. They + Interpret each data-matching pattern as a list of fixed + strings, separated by newlines, instead of as a regular + expression. What constitutes a newline for this purpose is + controlled by the --newline option. The -w (match as a word) + and -x (match whole line) options can be used with -F. They apply to each of the fixed strings. A line is selected if any of the fixed strings are found in it (subject to -w or -x, if - present). This option applies only to the patterns that are - matched against the contents of files; it does not apply to - patterns specified by any of the --include or --exclude + present). This option applies only to the patterns that are + matched against the contents of files; it does not apply to + patterns specified by any of the --include or --exclude options. -f filename, --file=filename - Read patterns from the file, one per line, and match them - against each line of input. What constitutes a newline when - reading the file is the operating system's default. The + Read patterns from the file, one per line, and match them + against each line of input. What constitutes a newline when + reading the file is the operating system's default. The --newline option has no effect on this option. Trailing white space is removed from each line, and blank lines are ignored. - An empty file contains no patterns and therefore matches + An empty file contains no patterns and therefore matches nothing. See also the comments about multiple patterns versus - a single pattern with alternatives in the description of -e + a single pattern with alternatives in the description of -e above. - If this option is given more than once, all the specified - files are read. A data line is output if any of the patterns - match it. A filename can be given as "-" to refer to the - standard input. When -f is used, patterns specified on the - command line using -e may also be present; they are tested - before the file's patterns. However, no other pattern is + If this option is given more than once, all the specified + files are read. A data line is output if any of the patterns + match it. A filename can be given as "-" to refer to the + standard input. When -f is used, patterns specified on the + command line using -e may also be present; they are tested + before the file's patterns. However, no other pattern is taken from the command line; all arguments are treated as the names of paths to be searched. --file-list=filename - Read a list of files and/or directories that are to be - scanned from the given file, one per line. Trailing white + Read a list of files and/or directories that are to be + scanned from the given file, one per line. Trailing white space is removed from each line, and blank lines are ignored. - These paths are processed before any that are listed on the - command line. The filename can be given as "-" to refer to + These paths are processed before any that are listed on the + command line. The filename can be given as "-" to refer to the standard input. If --file and --file-list are both spec- - ified as "-", patterns are read first. This is useful only - when the standard input is a terminal, from which further - lines (the list of files) can be read after an end-of-file - indication. If this option is given more than once, all the + ified as "-", patterns are read first. This is useful only + when the standard input is a terminal, from which further + lines (the list of files) can be read after an end-of-file + indication. If this option is given more than once, all the specified files are read. --file-offsets - Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show - each match as an offset from the start of the file and a - length, separated by a comma. In this mode, no context is - shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If + Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show + each match as an offset from the start of the file and a + length, separated by a comma. In this mode, no context is + shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If there is more than one match in a line, each of them is shown - separately. This option is mutually exclusive with --line- + separately. This option is mutually exclusive with --line- offsets and --only-matching. -H, --with-filename - Force the inclusion of the filename at the start of output - lines when searching a single file. By default, the filename - is not shown in this case. For matching lines, the filename + Force the inclusion of the filename at the start of output + lines when searching a single file. By default, the filename + is not shown in this case. For matching lines, the filename is followed by a colon; for context lines, a hyphen separator - is used. If a line number is also being output, it follows + is used. If a line number is also being output, it follows the file name. -h, --no-filename - Suppress the output filenames when searching multiple files. - By default, filenames are shown when multiple files are - searched. For matching lines, the filename is followed by a - colon; for context lines, a hyphen separator is used. If a + Suppress the output filenames when searching multiple files. + By default, filenames are shown when multiple files are + searched. For matching lines, the filename is followed by a + colon; for context lines, a hyphen separator is used. If a line number is also being output, it follows the file name. - --help Output a help message, giving brief details of the command - options and file type support, and then exit. Anything else + --help Output a help message, giving brief details of the command + options and file type support, and then exit. Anything else on the command line is ignored. - -I Treat binary files as never matching. This is equivalent to + -I Treat binary files as never matching. This is equivalent to --binary-files=without-match. -i, --ignore-case Ignore upper/lower case distinctions during comparisons. --include=pattern - If any --include patterns are specified, the only files that - are processed are those that match one of the patterns (and - do not match an --exclude pattern). This option does not - affect directories, but it applies to all files, whether - listed on the command line, obtained from --file-list, or by - scanning a directory. The pattern is a PCRE regular expres- - sion, and is matched against the final component of the file - name, not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x options do not - apply to this pattern. The option may be given any number of - times. If a file name matches both an --include and an - --exclude pattern, it is excluded. There is no short form + If any --include patterns are specified, the only files that + are processed are those that match one of the patterns (and + do not match an --exclude pattern). This option does not + affect directories, but it applies to all files, whether + listed on the command line, obtained from --file-list, or by + scanning a directory. The pattern is a PCRE regular expres- + sion, and is matched against the final component of the file + name, not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x options do not + apply to this pattern. The option may be given any number of + times. If a file name matches both an --include and an + --exclude pattern, it is excluded. There is no short form for this option. --include-from=filename - Treat each non-empty line of the file as the data for an + Treat each non-empty line of the file as the data for an --include option. What constitutes a newline for this purpose - is the operating system's default. The --newline option has + is the operating system's default. The --newline option has no effect on this option. This option may be given any number of times; all the files are read. --include-dir=pattern - If any --include-dir patterns are specified, the only direc- - tories that are processed are those that match one of the - patterns (and do not match an --exclude-dir pattern). This - applies to all directories, whether listed on the command - line, obtained from --file-list, or by scanning a parent - directory. The pattern is a PCRE regular expression, and is - matched against the final component of the directory name, - not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x options do not apply + If any --include-dir patterns are specified, the only direc- + tories that are processed are those that match one of the + patterns (and do not match an --exclude-dir pattern). This + applies to all directories, whether listed on the command + line, obtained from --file-list, or by scanning a parent + directory. The pattern is a PCRE regular expression, and is + matched against the final component of the directory name, + not the entire path. The -F, -w, and -x options do not apply to this pattern. The option may be given any number of times. - If a directory matches both --include-dir and --exclude-dir, + If a directory matches both --include-dir and --exclude-dir, it is excluded. There is no short form for this option. -L, --files-without-match - Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the - names of the files that do not contain any lines that would - have been output. Each file name is output once, on a sepa- + Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the + names of the files that do not contain any lines that would + have been output. Each file name is output once, on a sepa- rate line. -l, --files-with-matches - Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the + Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the names of the files containing lines that would have been out- - put. Each file name is output once, on a separate line. - Searching normally stops as soon as a matching line is found - in a file. However, if the -c (count) option is also used, - matching continues in order to obtain the correct count, and - those files that have at least one match are listed along + put. Each file name is output once, on a separate line. + Searching normally stops as soon as a matching line is found + in a file. However, if the -c (count) option is also used, + matching continues in order to obtain the correct count, and + those files that have at least one match are listed along with their counts. Using this option with -c is a way of sup- pressing the listing of files with no matches. @@ -411,313 +412,313 @@ OPTIONS input)" is used. There is no short form for this option. --line-buffered - When this option is given, input is read and processed line - by line, and the output is flushed after each write. By - default, input is read in large chunks, unless pcregrep can - determine that it is reading from a terminal (which is cur- - rently possible only in Unix-like environments). Output to - terminal is normally automatically flushed by the operating + When this option is given, input is read and processed line + by line, and the output is flushed after each write. By + default, input is read in large chunks, unless pcregrep can + determine that it is reading from a terminal (which is cur- + rently possible only in Unix-like environments). Output to + terminal is normally automatically flushed by the operating system. This option can be useful when the input or output is - attached to a pipe and you do not want pcregrep to buffer up - large amounts of data. However, its use will affect perfor- + attached to a pipe and you do not want pcregrep to buffer up + large amounts of data. However, its use will affect perfor- mance, and the -M (multiline) option ceases to work. --line-offsets - Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show + Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show each match as a line number, the offset from the start of the - line, and a length. The line number is terminated by a colon - (as usual; see the -n option), and the offset and length are - separated by a comma. In this mode, no context is shown. - That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If there is - more than one match in a line, each of them is shown sepa- + line, and a length. The line number is terminated by a colon + (as usual; see the -n option), and the offset and length are + separated by a comma. In this mode, no context is shown. + That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If there is + more than one match in a line, each of them is shown sepa- rately. This option is mutually exclusive with --file-offsets and --only-matching. --locale=locale-name - This option specifies a locale to be used for pattern match- - ing. It overrides the value in the LC_ALL or LC_CTYPE envi- - ronment variables. If no locale is specified, the PCRE - library's default (usually the "C" locale) is used. There is + This option specifies a locale to be used for pattern match- + ing. It overrides the value in the LC_ALL or LC_CTYPE envi- + ronment variables. If no locale is specified, the PCRE + library's default (usually the "C" locale) is used. There is no short form for this option. --match-limit=number - Processing some regular expression patterns can require a - very large amount of memory, leading in some cases to a pro- - gram crash if not enough is available. Other patterns may - take a very long time to search for all possible matching - strings. The pcre_exec() function that is called by pcregrep - to do the matching has two parameters that can limit the + Processing some regular expression patterns can require a + very large amount of memory, leading in some cases to a pro- + gram crash if not enough is available. Other patterns may + take a very long time to search for all possible matching + strings. The pcre_exec() function that is called by pcregrep + to do the matching has two parameters that can limit the resources that it uses. - The --match-limit option provides a means of limiting + The --match-limit option provides a means of limiting resource usage when processing patterns that are not going to match, but which have a very large number of possibilities in - their search trees. The classic example is a pattern that - uses nested unlimited repeats. Internally, PCRE uses a func- - tion called match() which it calls repeatedly (sometimes - recursively). The limit set by --match-limit is imposed on - the number of times this function is called during a match, - which has the effect of limiting the amount of backtracking + their search trees. The classic example is a pattern that + uses nested unlimited repeats. Internally, PCRE uses a func- + tion called match() which it calls repeatedly (sometimes + recursively). The limit set by --match-limit is imposed on + the number of times this function is called during a match, + which has the effect of limiting the amount of backtracking that can take place. The --recursion-limit option is similar to --match-limit, but instead of limiting the total number of times that match() is called, it limits the depth of recursive calls, which in turn - limits the amount of memory that can be used. The recursion - depth is a smaller number than the total number of calls, + limits the amount of memory that can be used. The recursion + depth is a smaller number than the total number of calls, because not all calls to match() are recursive. This limit is of use only if it is set smaller than --match-limit. - There are no short forms for these options. The default set- - tings are specified when the PCRE library is compiled, with + There are no short forms for these options. The default set- + tings are specified when the PCRE library is compiled, with the default default being 10 million. -M, --multiline - Allow patterns to match more than one line. When this option + Allow patterns to match more than one line. When this option is given, patterns may usefully contain literal newline char- - acters and internal occurrences of ^ and $ characters. The - output for a successful match may consist of more than one - line, the last of which is the one in which the match ended. + acters and internal occurrences of ^ and $ characters. The + output for a successful match may consist of more than one + line, the last of which is the one in which the match ended. If the matched string ends with a newline sequence the output ends at the end of that line. - When this option is set, the PCRE library is called in "mul- - tiline" mode. There is a limit to the number of lines that - can be matched, imposed by the way that pcregrep buffers the - input file as it scans it. However, pcregrep ensures that at + When this option is set, the PCRE library is called in "mul- + tiline" mode. There is a limit to the number of lines that + can be matched, imposed by the way that pcregrep buffers the + input file as it scans it. However, pcregrep ensures that at least 8K characters or the rest of the document (whichever is - the shorter) are available for forward matching, and simi- + the shorter) are available for forward matching, and simi- larly the previous 8K characters (or all the previous charac- - ters, if fewer than 8K) are guaranteed to be available for - lookbehind assertions. This option does not work when input + ters, if fewer than 8K) are guaranteed to be available for + lookbehind assertions. This option does not work when input is read line by line (see --line-buffered.) -N newline-type, --newline=newline-type - The PCRE library supports five different conventions for - indicating the ends of lines. They are the single-character - sequences CR (carriage return) and LF (linefeed), the two- - character sequence CRLF, an "anycrlf" convention, which rec- - ognizes any of the preceding three types, and an "any" con- + The PCRE library supports five different conventions for + indicating the ends of lines. They are the single-character + sequences CR (carriage return) and LF (linefeed), the two- + character sequence CRLF, an "anycrlf" convention, which rec- + ognizes any of the preceding three types, and an "any" con- vention, in which any Unicode line ending sequence is assumed - to end a line. The Unicode sequences are the three just men- - tioned, plus VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form feed, - U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, + to end a line. The Unicode sequences are the three just men- + tioned, plus VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form feed, + U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, U+2028), and PS (paragraph separator, U+2029). When the PCRE library is built, a default line-ending - sequence is specified. This is normally the standard + sequence is specified. This is normally the standard sequence for the operating system. Unless otherwise specified - by this option, pcregrep uses the library's default. The + by this option, pcregrep uses the library's default. The possible values for this option are CR, LF, CRLF, ANYCRLF, or - ANY. This makes it possible to use pcregrep to scan files + ANY. This makes it possible to use pcregrep to scan files that have come from other environments without having to mod- - ify their line endings. If the data that is being scanned - does not agree with the convention set by this option, pcre- - grep may behave in strange ways. Note that this option does - not apply to files specified by the -f, --exclude-from, or + ify their line endings. If the data that is being scanned + does not agree with the convention set by this option, pcre- + grep may behave in strange ways. Note that this option does + not apply to files specified by the -f, --exclude-from, or --include-from options, which are expected to use the operat- ing system's standard newline sequence. -n, --line-number Precede each output line by its line number in the file, fol- - lowed by a colon for matching lines or a hyphen for context - lines. If the filename is also being output, it precedes the + lowed by a colon for matching lines or a hyphen for context + lines. If the filename is also being output, it precedes the line number. This option is forced if --line-offsets is used. - --no-jit If the PCRE library is built with support for just-in-time - compiling (which speeds up matching), pcregrep automatically + --no-jit If the PCRE library is built with support for just-in-time + compiling (which speeds up matching), pcregrep automatically makes use of this, unless it was explicitly disabled at build - time. This option can be used to disable the use of JIT at - run time. It is provided for testing and working round prob- + time. This option can be used to disable the use of JIT at + run time. It is provided for testing and working round prob- lems. It should never be needed in normal use. -o, --only-matching Show only the part of the line that matched a pattern instead - of the whole line. In this mode, no context is shown. That - is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If there is more - than one match in a line, each of them is shown separately. - If -o is combined with -v (invert the sense of the match to - find non-matching lines), no output is generated, but the - return code is set appropriately. If the matched portion of - the line is empty, nothing is output unless the file name or - line number are being printed, in which case they are shown + of the whole line. In this mode, no context is shown. That + is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If there is more + than one match in a line, each of them is shown separately. + If -o is combined with -v (invert the sense of the match to + find non-matching lines), no output is generated, but the + return code is set appropriately. If the matched portion of + the line is empty, nothing is output unless the file name or + line number are being printed, in which case they are shown on an otherwise empty line. This option is mutually exclusive with --file-offsets and --line-offsets. -onumber, --only-matching=number - Show only the part of the line that matched the capturing + Show only the part of the line that matched the capturing parentheses of the given number. Up to 32 capturing parenthe- ses are supported, and -o0 is equivalent to -o without a num- - ber. Because these options can be given without an argument - (see above), if an argument is present, it must be given in - the same shell item, for example, -o3 or --only-matching=2. + ber. Because these options can be given without an argument + (see above), if an argument is present, it must be given in + the same shell item, for example, -o3 or --only-matching=2. The comments given for the non-argument case above also apply - to this case. If the specified capturing parentheses do not - exist in the pattern, or were not set in the match, nothing - is output unless the file name or line number are being + to this case. If the specified capturing parentheses do not + exist in the pattern, or were not set in the match, nothing + is output unless the file name or line number are being printed. - If this option is given multiple times, multiple substrings - are output, in the order the options are given. For example, + If this option is given multiple times, multiple substrings + are output, in the order the options are given. For example, -o3 -o1 -o3 causes the substrings matched by capturing paren- - theses 3 and 1 and then 3 again to be output. By default, + theses 3 and 1 and then 3 again to be output. By default, there is no separator (but see the next option). --om-separator=text - Specify a separating string for multiple occurrences of -o. - The default is an empty string. Separating strings are never + Specify a separating string for multiple occurrences of -o. + The default is an empty string. Separating strings are never coloured. -q, --quiet Work quietly, that is, display nothing except error messages. - The exit status indicates whether or not any matches were + The exit status indicates whether or not any matches were found. -r, --recursive - If any given path is a directory, recursively scan the files - it contains, taking note of any --include and --exclude set- - tings. By default, a directory is read as a normal file; in - some operating systems this gives an immediate end-of-file. - This option is a shorthand for setting the -d option to + If any given path is a directory, recursively scan the files + it contains, taking note of any --include and --exclude set- + tings. By default, a directory is read as a normal file; in + some operating systems this gives an immediate end-of-file. + This option is a shorthand for setting the -d option to "recurse". --recursion-limit=number See --match-limit above. -s, --no-messages - Suppress error messages about non-existent or unreadable - files. Such files are quietly skipped. However, the return + Suppress error messages about non-existent or unreadable + files. Such files are quietly skipped. However, the return code is still 2, even if matches were found in other files. -u, --utf-8 - Operate in UTF-8 mode. This option is available only if PCRE + Operate in UTF-8 mode. This option is available only if PCRE has been compiled with UTF-8 support. All patterns (including - those for any --exclude and --include options) and all sub- - ject lines that are scanned must be valid strings of UTF-8 + those for any --exclude and --include options) and all sub- + ject lines that are scanned must be valid strings of UTF-8 characters. -V, --version Write the version numbers of pcregrep and the PCRE library to - the standard output and then exit. Anything else on the com- + the standard output and then exit. Anything else on the com- mand line is ignored. -v, --invert-match - Invert the sense of the match, so that lines which do not + Invert the sense of the match, so that lines which do not match any of the patterns are the ones that are found. -w, --word-regex, --word-regexp Force the patterns to match only whole words. This is equiva- - lent to having \b at the start and end of the pattern. This - option applies only to the patterns that are matched against - the contents of files; it does not apply to patterns speci- + lent to having \b at the start and end of the pattern. This + option applies only to the patterns that are matched against + the contents of files; it does not apply to patterns speci- fied by any of the --include or --exclude options. -x, --line-regex, --line-regexp - Force the patterns to be anchored (each must start matching - at the beginning of a line) and in addition, require them to - match entire lines. This is equivalent to having ^ and $ + Force the patterns to be anchored (each must start matching + at the beginning of a line) and in addition, require them to + match entire lines. This is equivalent to having ^ and $ characters at the start and end of each alternative branch in - every pattern. This option applies only to the patterns that - are matched against the contents of files; it does not apply - to patterns specified by any of the --include or --exclude + every pattern. This option applies only to the patterns that + are matched against the contents of files; it does not apply + to patterns specified by any of the --include or --exclude options. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES - The environment variables LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE are examined, in that - order, for a locale. The first one that is set is used. This can be - overridden by the --locale option. If no locale is set, the PCRE + The environment variables LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE are examined, in that + order, for a locale. The first one that is set is used. This can be + overridden by the --locale option. If no locale is set, the PCRE library's default (usually the "C" locale) is used. NEWLINES - The -N (--newline) option allows pcregrep to scan files with different + The -N (--newline) option allows pcregrep to scan files with different newline conventions from the default. Any parts of the input files that - are written to the standard output are copied identically, with what- - ever newline sequences they have in the input. However, the setting of - this option does not affect the interpretation of files specified by + are written to the standard output are copied identically, with what- + ever newline sequences they have in the input. However, the setting of + this option does not affect the interpretation of files specified by the -f, --exclude-from, or --include-from options, which are assumed to - use the operating system's standard newline sequence, nor does it - affect the way in which pcregrep writes informational messages to the + use the operating system's standard newline sequence, nor does it + affect the way in which pcregrep writes informational messages to the standard error and output streams. For these it uses the string "\n" to - indicate newlines, relying on the C I/O library to convert this to an + indicate newlines, relying on the C I/O library to convert this to an appropriate sequence. OPTIONS COMPATIBILITY - Many of the short and long forms of pcregrep's options are the same as - in the GNU grep program. Any long option of the form --xxx-regexp (GNU - terminology) is also available as --xxx-regex (PCRE terminology). How- - ever, the --file-list, --file-offsets, --include-dir, --line-offsets, - --locale, --match-limit, -M, --multiline, -N, --newline, --om-separa- - tor, --recursion-limit, -u, and --utf-8 options are specific to pcre- - grep, as is the use of the --only-matching option with a capturing + Many of the short and long forms of pcregrep's options are the same as + in the GNU grep program. Any long option of the form --xxx-regexp (GNU + terminology) is also available as --xxx-regex (PCRE terminology). How- + ever, the --file-list, --file-offsets, --include-dir, --line-offsets, + --locale, --match-limit, -M, --multiline, -N, --newline, --om-separa- + tor, --recursion-limit, -u, and --utf-8 options are specific to pcre- + grep, as is the use of the --only-matching option with a capturing parentheses number. - Although most of the common options work the same way, a few are dif- - ferent in pcregrep. For example, the --include option's argument is a - glob for GNU grep, but a regular expression for pcregrep. If both the - -c and -l options are given, GNU grep lists only file names, without + Although most of the common options work the same way, a few are dif- + ferent in pcregrep. For example, the --include option's argument is a + glob for GNU grep, but a regular expression for pcregrep. If both the + -c and -l options are given, GNU grep lists only file names, without counts, but pcregrep gives the counts. OPTIONS WITH DATA There are four different ways in which an option with data can be spec- - ified. If a short form option is used, the data may follow immedi- + ified. If a short form option is used, the data may follow immedi- ately, or (with one exception) in the next command line item. For exam- ple: -f/some/file -f /some/file - The exception is the -o option, which may appear with or without data. - Because of this, if data is present, it must follow immediately in the + The exception is the -o option, which may appear with or without data. + Because of this, if data is present, it must follow immediately in the same item, for example -o3. - If a long form option is used, the data may appear in the same command - line item, separated by an equals character, or (with two exceptions) + If a long form option is used, the data may appear in the same command + line item, separated by an equals character, or (with two exceptions) it may appear in the next command line item. For example: --file=/some/file --file /some/file - Note, however, that if you want to supply a file name beginning with ~ - as data in a shell command, and have the shell expand ~ to a home + Note, however, that if you want to supply a file name beginning with ~ + as data in a shell command, and have the shell expand ~ to a home directory, you must separate the file name from the option, because the shell does not treat ~ specially unless it is at the start of an item. - The exceptions to the above are the --colour (or --color) and --only- - matching options, for which the data is optional. If one of these - options does have data, it must be given in the first form, using an + The exceptions to the above are the --colour (or --color) and --only- + matching options, for which the data is optional. If one of these + options does have data, it must be given in the first form, using an equals character. Otherwise pcregrep will assume that it has no data. MATCHING ERRORS - It is possible to supply a regular expression that takes a very long - time to fail to match certain lines. Such patterns normally involve - nested indefinite repeats, for example: (a+)*\d when matched against a - line of a's with no final digit. The PCRE matching function has a - resource limit that causes it to abort in these circumstances. If this + It is possible to supply a regular expression that takes a very long + time to fail to match certain lines. Such patterns normally involve + nested indefinite repeats, for example: (a+)*\d when matched against a + line of a's with no final digit. The PCRE matching function has a + resource limit that causes it to abort in these circumstances. If this happens, pcregrep outputs an error message and the line that caused the - problem to the standard error stream. If there are more than 20 such + problem to the standard error stream. If there are more than 20 such errors, pcregrep gives up. - The --match-limit option of pcregrep can be used to set the overall - resource limit; there is a second option called --recursion-limit that - sets a limit on the amount of memory (usually stack) that is used (see + The --match-limit option of pcregrep can be used to set the overall + resource limit; there is a second option called --recursion-limit that + sets a limit on the amount of memory (usually stack) that is used (see the discussion of these options above). DIAGNOSTICS Exit status is 0 if any matches were found, 1 if no matches were found, - and 2 for syntax errors, overlong lines, non-existent or inaccessible - files (even if matches were found in other files) or too many matching + and 2 for syntax errors, overlong lines, non-existent or inaccessible + files (even if matches were found in other files) or too many matching errors. Using the -s option to suppress error messages about inaccessi- ble files does not affect the return code. @@ -736,5 +737,5 @@ AUTHOR REVISION - Last updated: 13 September 2012 - Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge. + Last updated: 03 April 2014 + Copyright (c) 1997-2014 University of Cambridge. |