perl 3.0: (no announcement message available)perl-3.000

A few of the new features: (18 Oct)

    * Perl can now handle binary data correctly and has functions to pack and unpack binary structures into arrays or lists. You can now do arbitrary ioctl functions.
    * You can now pass things to subroutines by reference.
    * Debugger enhancements.
    * An array or associative array may now appear in a local() list.
    * Array values may now be interpolated into strings.
    * Subroutine names are now distinguished by prefixing with &. You can call subroutines without using do, and without passing any argument list at all.
    * You can use the new -u switch to cause perl to dump core so that you can run undump and produce a binary executable image. Alternately you can use the "dump" operator after initializing any variables and such.
    * You can now chop lists.
    * Perl now uses /bin/csh to do filename globbing, if available. This means that filenames with spaces or other strangenesses work right.
    * New functions: mkdir and rmdir, getppid, getpgrp and setpgrp, getpriority and setpriority, chroot, ioctl and fcntl, flock, readlink, lstat, rindex, pack and unpack, read, warn, dbmopen and dbmclose, dump, reverse, defined, undef.

1 files changed, 341 insertions, 352 deletions

diff --git a/perl.y b/perl.y
index 45feaafdf1..827448e2ce 100644
--- a/perl.y
+++ b/perl.y
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-/* $Header: perl.y,v 2.0 88/06/05 00:09:36 root Exp $
+/* $Header: perl.y,v 3.0 89/10/18 15:22:04 lwall Locked $
+ *
+ *    Copyright (c) 1989, Larry Wall
+ *
+ *    You may distribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *    as specified in the README file that comes with the perl 3.0 kit.
  *
  * $Log:	perl.y,v $
- * Revision 2.0  88/06/05  00:09:36  root
- * Baseline version 2.0.
+ * Revision 3.0  89/10/18  15:22:04  lwall
+ * 3.0 baseline
  * 
  */
 
@@ -10,35 +15,9 @@
 #include "INTERN.h"
 #include "perl.h"
 
-char *tokename[] = {
-"256",
-"word",
-"append","open","write","select","close","loopctl",
-"using","format","do","shift","push","pop","chop/study",
-"while","until","if","unless","else","elsif","continue","split","sprintf",
-"for", "eof", "tell", "seek", "stat",
-"function(no args)","function(1 arg)","function(2 args)","function(3 args)","array function",
-"join", "sub", "file test", "local", "delete",
-"format lines",
-"register","array_length", "array",
-"s","pattern",
-"string","tr",
-"list operator",
-"..",
-"||",
-"&&",
-"==","!=", "EQ", "NE",
-"<=",">=", "LT", "GT", "LE", "GE",
-"unary operation",
-"file test",
-"<<",">>",
-"=~","!~",
-"unary -",
-"++", "--",
-"???"
-};
-
 STAB *scrstab;
+ARG *arg4;	/* rarely used arguments to make_op() */
+ARG *arg5;
 
 %}
 
@@ -55,22 +34,22 @@ STAB *scrstab;
 }
 
 %token <cval> WORD
-%token <ival> APPEND OPEN WRITE SELECT CLOSE LOOPEX
+%token <ival> APPEND OPEN SELECT LOOPEX
 %token <ival> USING FORMAT DO SHIFT PUSH POP LVALFUN
-%token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE SPLIT SPRINTF
-%token <ival> FOR FEOF TELL SEEK STAT 
-%token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC2 FUNC3 STABFUN
-%token <ival> JOIN SUB FILETEST LOCAL DELETE
+%token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE SPLIT FLIST
+%token <ival> FOR FILOP FILOP2 FILOP3 FILOP4 FILOP22 FILOP25
+%token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC2 FUNC3 HSHFUN HSHFUN3
+%token <ival> FLIST2 SUB FILETEST LOCAL DELETE
+%token <ival> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP PACKAGE AMPER LFUNC4
 %token <formval> FORMLIST
-%token <stabval> REG ARYLEN ARY
+%token <stabval> REG ARYLEN ARY HSH STAR
 %token <arg> SUBST PATTERN
 %token <arg> RSTRING TRANS
 
-%type <ival> prog decl format
+%type <ival> prog decl format remember
 %type <stabval>
 %type <cmdval> block lineseq line loop cond sideff nexpr else
-%type <arg> expr sexpr term
-%type <arg> condmod loopmod
+%type <arg> expr sexpr cexpr csexpr term handle aryword hshword
 %type <arg> texpr listop
 %type <cval> label
 %type <compval> compblock
@@ -84,15 +63,16 @@ STAB *scrstab;
 %left ANDAND
 %left '|' '^'
 %left '&'
-%nonassoc EQ NE SEQ SNE
-%nonassoc '<' '>' LE GE SLT SGT SLE SGE
+%nonassoc EQOP
+%nonassoc RELOP
 %nonassoc <ival> UNIOP
 %nonassoc FILETEST
 %left LS RS
-%left '+' '-' '.'
-%left '*' '/' '%' 'x'
+%left ADDOP
+%left MULOP
 %left MATCH NMATCH 
 %right '!' '~' UMINUS
+%right POW
 %nonassoc INC DEC
 %left '('
 
@@ -117,11 +97,17 @@ else	:	/* NULL */
 			{ $$ = $2; }
 	|	ELSIF '(' expr ')' compblock
 			{ cmdline = $1;
-			    $$ = make_ccmd(C_IF,$3,$5); }
+			    $$ = make_ccmd(C_ELSIF,$3,$5); }
 	;
 
-block	:	'{' lineseq '}'
-			{ $$ = block_head($2); }
+block	:	'{' remember lineseq '}'
+			{ $$ = block_head($3);
+			  if (savestack->ary_fill > $2)
+			    restorelist($2); }
+	;
+
+remember:	/* NULL */	/* in case they push a package name */
+			{ $$ = savestack->ary_fill; }
 	;
 
 lineseq	:	/* NULL */
@@ -145,22 +131,30 @@ line	:	decl
 			{ $$ = add_label($1,$2); }
 	;
 
-sideff	:	expr
+sideff	:	error
+			{ $$ = Nullcmd; }
+	|	expr
 			{ $$ = make_acmd(C_EXPR, Nullstab, $1, Nullarg); }
-	|	expr condmod
+	|	expr IF expr
 			{ $$ = addcond(
-			       make_acmd(C_EXPR, Nullstab, Nullarg, $1), $2); }
-	|	expr loopmod
+			       make_acmd(C_EXPR, Nullstab, Nullarg, $1), $3); }
+	|	expr UNLESS expr
+			{ $$ = addcond(invert(
+			       make_acmd(C_EXPR, Nullstab, Nullarg, $1)), $3); }
+	|	expr WHILE expr
 			{ $$ = addloop(
-			       make_acmd(C_EXPR, Nullstab, Nullarg, $1), $2); }
+			       make_acmd(C_EXPR, Nullstab, Nullarg, $1), $3); }
+	|	expr UNTIL expr
+			{ $$ = addloop(invert(
+			       make_acmd(C_EXPR, Nullstab, Nullarg, $1)), $3); }
 	;
 
 cond	:	IF '(' expr ')' compblock
 			{ cmdline = $1;
-			    $$ = make_ccmd(C_IF,$3,$5); }
+			    $$ = make_icmd(C_IF,$3,$5); }
 	|	UNLESS '(' expr ')' compblock
 			{ cmdline = $1;
-			    $$ = invert(make_ccmd(C_IF,$3,$5)); }
+			    $$ = invert(make_icmd(C_IF,$3,$5)); }
 	|	IF block compblock
 			{ cmdline = $1;
 			    $$ = make_ccmd(C_IF,cmd_to_arg($2),$3); }
@@ -195,6 +189,9 @@ loop	:	label WHILE '(' texpr ')' compblock
 			     *		@ary = EXPR;
 			     *		foreach VAR (@ary) {
 			     * where @ary is a hidden array made by genstab().
+			     * (Note that @ary may become a local array if
+			     * it is determined that it might be called
+			     * recursively.  See cmd_tosave().)
 			     */
 			    if ($5->arg_type != O_ARRAY) {
 				scrstab = aadd(genstab());
@@ -204,14 +201,14 @@ loop	:	label WHILE '(' texpr ')' compblock
 					listish(make_op(O_ARRAY, 1,
 					  stab2arg(A_STAB,scrstab),
 					  Nullarg,Nullarg, 1)),
-					listish($5),
-					Nullarg,1)),
+					listish(make_list($5)),
+					Nullarg)),
 				      Nullarg),
 				    wopt(over($3,add_label($1,
 				      make_ccmd(C_WHILE,
 					make_op(O_ARRAY, 1,
 					  stab2arg(A_STAB,scrstab),
-					  Nullarg,Nullarg, 1 ),
+					  Nullarg,Nullarg ),
 					$7)))));
 			    }
 			    else {
@@ -229,14 +226,14 @@ loop	:	label WHILE '(' texpr ')' compblock
 					listish(make_op(O_ARRAY, 1,
 					  stab2arg(A_STAB,scrstab),
 					  Nullarg,Nullarg, 1 )),
-					listish($4),
-					Nullarg,1)),
+					listish(make_list($4)),
+					Nullarg)),
 				      Nullarg),
 				    wopt(over(defstab,add_label($1,
 				      make_ccmd(C_WHILE,
 					make_op(O_ARRAY, 1,
 					  stab2arg(A_STAB,scrstab),
-					  Nullarg,Nullarg, 1 ),
+					  Nullarg,Nullarg ),
 					$6)))));
 			    }
 			    else {	/* lisp, anyone? */
@@ -261,7 +258,7 @@ nexpr	:	/* NULL */
 	;
 
 texpr	:	/* NULL means true */
-			{   scanstr("1"); $$ = yylval.arg; }
+			{ (void)scanstr("1"); $$ = yylval.arg; }
 	|	expr
 	;
 
@@ -270,196 +267,196 @@ label	:	/* empty */
 	|	WORD ':'
 	;
 
-loopmod :	WHILE expr
-			{ $$ = $2; }
-	|	UNTIL expr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_NOT,1,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg,0); }
-	;
-
-condmod :	IF expr
-			{ $$ = $2; }
-	|	UNLESS expr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_NOT,1,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg,0); }
-	;
-
 decl	:	format
 			{ $$ = 0; }
 	|	subrout
 			{ $$ = 0; }
+	|	package
+			{ $$ = 0; }
 	;
 
-format	:	FORMAT WORD '=' FORMLIST '.' 
-			{ stabent($2,TRUE)->stab_form = $4; safefree($2); }
-	|	FORMAT '=' FORMLIST '.'
-			{ stabent("stdout",TRUE)->stab_form = $3; }
+format	:	FORMAT WORD '=' FORMLIST
+			{ stab_form(stabent($2,TRUE)) = $4; Safefree($2);}
+	|	FORMAT '=' FORMLIST
+			{ stab_form(stabent("STDOUT",TRUE)) = $3; }
 	;
 
 subrout	:	SUB WORD block
 			{ make_sub($2,$3); }
 	;
 
-expr	:	sexpr ',' expr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_COMMA, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+package :	PACKAGE WORD ';'
+			{ char tmpbuf[256];
+
+			  savehptr(&curstash);
+			  saveitem(curstname);
+			  str_set(curstname,$2);
+			  sprintf(tmpbuf,"'_%s",$2);
+			  curstash = stab_xhash(hadd(stabent(tmpbuf,TRUE)));
+			  curstash->tbl_coeffsize = 0;
+			  Safefree($2);
+			}
+	;
+
+cexpr	:	',' expr
+			{ $$ = $2; }
+	;
+
+expr	:	expr ',' sexpr
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_COMMA, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr
 	;
 
+csexpr	:	',' sexpr
+			{ $$ = $2; }
+	;
+
 sexpr	:	sexpr '=' sexpr
 			{   $1 = listish($1);
+			    if ($1->arg_type == O_ASSIGN && $1->arg_len == 1)
+				$1->arg_type = O_ITEM;	/* a local() */
 			    if ($1->arg_type == O_LIST)
 				$3 = listish($3);
-			    $$ = l(make_op(O_ASSIGN, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,1)); }
-	|	sexpr '*' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_MULTIPLY, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
-	|	sexpr '/' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_DIVIDE, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
-	|	sexpr '%' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_MODULO, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
-	|	sexpr 'x' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_REPEAT, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
-	|	sexpr '+' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_ADD, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
-	|	sexpr '-' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_SUBTRACT, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
+			    $$ = l(make_op(O_ASSIGN, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg)); }
+	|	sexpr POW '=' sexpr
+			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_POW, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg)); }
+	|	sexpr MULOP '=' sexpr
+			{ $$ = l(make_op($2, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg)); }
+	|	sexpr ADDOP '=' sexpr
+			{ $$ = rcatmaybe(l(make_op($2, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg)));}
 	|	sexpr LS '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_LEFT_SHIFT, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
+			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_LEFT_SHIFT, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg)); }
 	|	sexpr RS '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_RIGHT_SHIFT, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
+			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_RIGHT_SHIFT, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg)); }
 	|	sexpr '&' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_BIT_AND, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
+			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_BIT_AND, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg)); }
 	|	sexpr '^' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_XOR, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
+			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_XOR, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg)); }
 	|	sexpr '|' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_BIT_OR, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
-	|	sexpr '.' '=' sexpr
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_CONCAT, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg,0)); }
-
-
-	|	sexpr '*' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_MULTIPLY, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr '/' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_DIVIDE, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr '%' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_MODULO, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr 'x' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_REPEAT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr '+' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_ADD, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr '-' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SUBTRACT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_BIT_OR, 2, $1, $4, Nullarg)); }
+
+
+	|	sexpr POW sexpr
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_POW, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
+	|	sexpr MULOP sexpr
+			{ $$ = make_op($2, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
+	|	sexpr ADDOP sexpr
+			{ $$ = make_op($2, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr LS sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_LEFT_SHIFT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_LEFT_SHIFT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr RS sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_RIGHT_SHIFT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr '<' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_LT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr '>' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_GT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr LE sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_LE, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr GE sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_GE, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr EQ sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_EQ, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr NE sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_NE, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr SLT sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SLT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr SGT sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SGT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr SLE sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SLE, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr SGE sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SGE, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr SEQ sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SEQ, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	sexpr SNE sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SNE, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_RIGHT_SHIFT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
+	|	sexpr RELOP sexpr
+			{ $$ = make_op($2, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
+	|	sexpr EQOP sexpr
+			{ $$ = make_op($2, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr '&' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_BIT_AND, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_BIT_AND, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr '^' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_XOR, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_XOR, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr '|' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_BIT_OR, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_BIT_OR, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr DOTDOT sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_FLIP, 4,
-			    flipflip($1),
-			    flipflip($3),
-			    Nullarg,0);}
+			{ arg4 = Nullarg;
+			  $$ = make_op(O_F_OR_R, 4, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr ANDAND sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_AND, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_AND, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr OROR sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_OR, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_OR, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg); }
 	|	sexpr '?' sexpr ':' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_COND_EXPR, 3, $1, $3, $5,0); }
-	|	sexpr '.' sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_CONCAT, 2, $1, $3, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_COND_EXPR, 3, $1, $3, $5); }
 	|	sexpr MATCH sexpr
 			{ $$ = mod_match(O_MATCH, $1, $3); }
 	|	sexpr NMATCH sexpr
 			{ $$ = mod_match(O_NMATCH, $1, $3); }
 	|	term INC
 			{ $$ = addflags(1, AF_POST|AF_UP,
-			    l(make_op(O_ITEM,1,$1,Nullarg,Nullarg,0))); }
+			    l(make_op(O_ITEM,1,$1,Nullarg,Nullarg))); }
 	|	term DEC
 			{ $$ = addflags(1, AF_POST,
-			    l(make_op(O_ITEM,1,$1,Nullarg,Nullarg,0))); }
+			    l(make_op(O_ITEM,1,$1,Nullarg,Nullarg))); }
 	|	INC term
 			{ $$ = addflags(1, AF_PRE|AF_UP,
-			    l(make_op(O_ITEM,1,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg,0))); }
+			    l(make_op(O_ITEM,1,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg))); }
 	|	DEC term
 			{ $$ = addflags(1, AF_PRE,
-			    l(make_op(O_ITEM,1,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg,0))); }
+			    l(make_op(O_ITEM,1,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg))); }
 	|	term
 			{ $$ = $1; }
 	;
 
 term	:	'-' term %prec UMINUS
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_NEGATE, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_NEGATE, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
+	|	'+' term %prec UMINUS
+			{ $$ = $2; }
 	|	'!' term
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_NOT, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_NOT, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
 	|	'~' term
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_COMPLEMENT, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg,0);}
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_COMPLEMENT, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg);}
 	|	FILETEST WORD
 			{ opargs[$1] = 0;	/* force it special */
 			    $$ = make_op($1, 1,
 				stab2arg(A_STAB,stabent($2,TRUE)),
-				Nullarg, Nullarg,0);
+				Nullarg, Nullarg);
 			}
 	|	FILETEST sexpr
 			{ opargs[$1] = 1;
-			    $$ = make_op($1, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
+			    $$ = make_op($1, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
 	|	FILETEST
 			{ opargs[$1] = ($1 != O_FTTTY);
 			    $$ = make_op($1, 1,
 				stab2arg(A_STAB,
-				  $1 == O_FTTTY?stabent("stdin",TRUE):defstab),
-				Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
+				  $1 == O_FTTTY?stabent("STDIN",TRUE):defstab),
+				Nullarg, Nullarg); }
 	|	LOCAL '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = localize(listish(make_list(hide_ary($3)))); }
+			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_ITEM, 1,
+				localize(listish(make_list($3))),
+				Nullarg,Nullarg)); }
 	|	'(' expr ')'
 			{ $$ = make_list(hide_ary($2)); }
 	|	'(' ')'
 			{ $$ = make_list(Nullarg); }
 	|	DO sexpr	%prec FILETEST
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_DOFILE,1,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg,0);
-			    allstabs = TRUE;}
+			{ $$ = fixeval(
+			    make_op(O_DOFILE,2,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg) );
+			  allstabs = TRUE;}
 	|	DO block	%prec '('
 			{ $$ = cmd_to_arg($2); }
 	|	REG	%prec '('
 			{ $$ = stab2arg(A_STAB,$1); }
+	|	STAR	%prec '('
+			{ $$ = stab2arg(A_STAR,$1); }
 	|	REG '[' expr ']'	%prec '('
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_ARRAY, 2,
-				$3, stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd($1)), Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_AELEM, 2,
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd($1)), $3, Nullarg); }
+	|	HSH 	%prec '('
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_HASH, 1,
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,$1),
+				Nullarg, Nullarg); }
 	|	ARY 	%prec '('
 			{ $$ = make_op(O_ARRAY, 1,
 				stab2arg(A_STAB,$1),
-				Nullarg, Nullarg, 1); }
+				Nullarg, Nullarg); }
 	|	REG '{' expr '}'	%prec '('
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_HASH, 2,
-				$3, stab2arg(A_STAB,hadd($1)), Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_HELEM, 2,
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,hadd($1)),
+				jmaybe($3),
+				Nullarg); }
+	|	ARY '[' expr ']'	%prec '('
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_ASLICE, 2,
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd($1)),
+				listish(make_list($3)),
+				Nullarg); }
+	|	ARY '{' expr '}'	%prec '('
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_HSLICE, 2,
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,hadd($1)),
+				listish(make_list($3)),
+				Nullarg); }
 	|	DELETE REG '{' expr '}'	%prec '('
 			{ $$ = make_op(O_DELETE, 2,
-				$4, stab2arg(A_STAB,hadd($2)), Nullarg,0); }
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,hadd($2)),
+				jmaybe($4),
+				Nullarg); }
 	|	ARYLEN	%prec '('
 			{ $$ = stab2arg(A_ARYLEN,$1); }
 	|	RSTRING	%prec '('
@@ -471,249 +468,241 @@ term	:	'-' term %prec UMINUS
 	|	TRANS	%prec '('
 			{ $$ = $1; }
 	|	DO WORD '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SUBR, 2,
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
+				stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($2,TRUE)),
 				make_list($4),
+				Nullarg); Safefree($2); }
+	|	AMPER WORD '(' expr ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
 				stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($2,TRUE)),
-				Nullarg,1); }
+				make_list($4),
+				Nullarg); Safefree($2); }
 	|	DO WORD '(' ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SUBR, 2,
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
+				stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($2,TRUE)),
 				make_list(Nullarg),
+				Nullarg); }
+	|	AMPER WORD '(' ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
 				stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($2,TRUE)),
-				Nullarg,1); }
+				make_list(Nullarg),
+				Nullarg); }
+	|	AMPER WORD
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
+				stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($2,TRUE)),
+				Nullarg,
+				Nullarg); }
 	|	DO REG '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SUBR, 2,
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,$2),
 				make_list($4),
+				Nullarg); }
+	|	AMPER REG '(' expr ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
 				stab2arg(A_STAB,$2),
-				Nullarg,1); }
+				make_list($4),
+				Nullarg); }
 	|	DO REG '(' ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SUBR, 2,
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,$2),
 				make_list(Nullarg),
+				Nullarg); }
+	|	AMPER REG '(' ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
 				stab2arg(A_STAB,$2),
-				Nullarg,1); }
+				make_list(Nullarg),
+				Nullarg); }
+	|	AMPER REG
+			{ $$ = make_op((perldb ? O_DBSUBR : O_SUBR), 2,
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,$2),
+				Nullarg,
+				Nullarg); }
 	|	LOOPEX
-			{ $$ = make_op($1,0,Nullarg,Nullarg,Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op($1,0,Nullarg,Nullarg,Nullarg); }
 	|	LOOPEX WORD
 			{ $$ = make_op($1,1,cval_to_arg($2),
-			    Nullarg,Nullarg,0); }
+			    Nullarg,Nullarg); }
 	|	UNIOP
-			{ $$ = make_op($1,1,Nullarg,Nullarg,Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op($1,1,Nullarg,Nullarg,Nullarg);
+			  if ($1 == O_EVAL || $1 == O_RESET)
+			    $$ = fixeval($$); }
 	|	UNIOP sexpr
-			{ $$ = make_op($1,1,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg,0); }
-	|	WRITE
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_WRITE, 0,
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	WRITE '(' ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_WRITE, 0,
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	WRITE '(' WORD ')'
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_WRITE, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,stabent($3,TRUE)),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0)); safefree($3); }
-	|	WRITE '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_WRITE, 1, $3, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	SELECT '(' WORD ')'
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_SELECT, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,stabent($3,TRUE)),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0)); safefree($3); }
-	|	SELECT '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SELECT, 1, $3, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op($1,1,$2,Nullarg,Nullarg);
+			  if ($1 == O_EVAL || $1 == O_RESET)
+			    $$ = fixeval($$); }
+	|	SELECT
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_SELECT, 0, Nullarg, Nullarg, Nullarg);}
+	|	SELECT '(' handle ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_SELECT, 1, $3, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
+	|	SELECT '(' sexpr csexpr csexpr csexpr ')'
+			{ arg4 = $6;
+			  $$ = make_op(O_SSELECT, 4, $3, $4, $5); }
 	|	OPEN WORD	%prec '('
 			{ $$ = make_op(O_OPEN, 2,
 			    stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($2,TRUE)),
 			    stab2arg(A_STAB,stabent($2,TRUE)),
-			    Nullarg,0); }
+			    Nullarg); }
 	|	OPEN '(' WORD ')'
 			{ $$ = make_op(O_OPEN, 2,
 			    stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($3,TRUE)),
 			    stab2arg(A_STAB,stabent($3,TRUE)),
-			    Nullarg,0); }
-	|	OPEN '(' WORD ',' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_OPEN, 2,
-			    stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($3,TRUE)),
-			    $5, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	OPEN '(' sexpr ',' expr ')'
+			    Nullarg); }
+	|	OPEN '(' handle cexpr ')'
 			{ $$ = make_op(O_OPEN, 2,
 			    $3,
-			    $5, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	CLOSE '(' WORD ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_CLOSE, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($3,TRUE)),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	CLOSE '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_CLOSE, 1,
+			    $4, Nullarg); }
+	|	FILOP '(' handle ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 1,
 			    $3,
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	CLOSE WORD	%prec '('
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_CLOSE, 1,
+			    Nullarg, Nullarg); }
+	|	FILOP WORD
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 1,
 			    stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($2,TRUE)),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	FEOF '(' WORD ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_EOF, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($3,TRUE)),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	FEOF '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_EOF, 1,
-			    $3,
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	FEOF '(' ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_EOF, 1,
+			    Nullarg, Nullarg);
+			  Safefree($2); }
+	|	FILOP REG
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 1,
+			    stab2arg(A_STAB,$2),
+			    Nullarg, Nullarg); }
+	|	FILOP '(' ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 1,
 			    stab2arg(A_WORD,Nullstab),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	FEOF
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_EOF, 0,
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	TELL '(' WORD ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_TELL, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($3,TRUE)),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	TELL '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_TELL, 1,
-			    $3,
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	TELL
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_TELL, 0,
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	SEEK '(' WORD ',' sexpr ',' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SEEK, 3,
-			    stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($3,TRUE)),
-			    $5, $7,1); }
-	|	SEEK '(' sexpr ',' sexpr ',' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SEEK, 3,
-			    $3,
-			    $5, $7,1); }
-	|	PUSH '(' WORD ',' expr ')'
+			    Nullarg, Nullarg); }
+	|	FILOP	%prec '('
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 0,
+			    Nullarg, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
+	|	FILOP2 '(' handle cexpr ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 2, $3, $4, Nullarg); }
+	|	FILOP3 '(' handle csexpr cexpr ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 3, $3, $4, $5); }
+	|	FILOP22 '(' handle ',' handle ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 2, $3, $5, Nullarg); }
+	|	FILOP4 '(' handle csexpr csexpr cexpr ')'
+			{ arg4 = $6; $$ = make_op($1, 4, $3, $4, $5); }
+	|	FILOP25 '(' handle ',' handle csexpr csexpr cexpr ')'
+			{ arg4 = $7; arg5 = $8;
+			  $$ = make_op($1, 5, $3, $5, $6); }
+	|	PUSH '(' aryword cexpr ')'
 			{ $$ = make_op($1, 2,
-			    make_list($5),
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd(stabent($3,TRUE))),
-			    Nullarg,1); }
-	|	PUSH '(' ARY ',' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op($1, 2,
-			    make_list($5),
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,$3),
-			    Nullarg,1); }
-	|	POP WORD	%prec '('
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_POP, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd(stabent($2,TRUE))),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	POP '(' WORD ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_POP, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd(stabent($3,TRUE))),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	POP ARY	%prec '('
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_POP, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,$2),
-			    Nullarg,
-			    Nullarg,
-			    0); }
-	|	POP '(' ARY ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_POP, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,$3),
-			    Nullarg,
-			    Nullarg,
-			    0); }
-	|	SHIFT WORD	%prec '('
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SHIFT, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd(stabent($2,TRUE))),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	SHIFT '(' WORD ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SHIFT, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd(stabent($3,TRUE))),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	SHIFT ARY	%prec '('
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SHIFT, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,$2), Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	SHIFT '(' ARY ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SHIFT, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,$3), Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
+			    $3,
+			    make_list($4),
+			    Nullarg); }
+	|	POP aryword	%prec '('
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_POP, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
+	|	POP '(' aryword ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_POP, 1, $3, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
+	|	SHIFT aryword	%prec '('
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_SHIFT, 1, $2, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
+	|	SHIFT '(' aryword ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op(O_SHIFT, 1, $3, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
 	|	SHIFT	%prec '('
 			{ $$ = make_op(O_SHIFT, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd(stabent("ARGV",TRUE))),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
+			    stab2arg(A_STAB,
+			      aadd(stabent(subline ? "_" : "ARGV", TRUE))),
+			    Nullarg, Nullarg); }
 	|	SPLIT	%prec '('
-			{ scanpat("/\\s+/");
-			    $$ = make_split(defstab,yylval.arg); }
-	|	SPLIT '(' WORD ')'
-			{ scanpat("/\\s+/");
-			    $$ = make_split(stabent($3,TRUE),yylval.arg); }
-	|	SPLIT '(' WORD ',' PATTERN ')'
-			{ $$ = make_split(stabent($3,TRUE),$5); }
-	|	SPLIT '(' WORD ',' PATTERN ',' sexpr ')'
-			{ $$ = mod_match(O_MATCH,
-			    $7,
-			    make_split(stabent($3,TRUE),$5) ); }
-	|	SPLIT '(' sexpr ',' sexpr ')'
-			{ $$ = mod_match(O_MATCH, $5, make_split(defstab,$3) ); }
+			{ (void)scanpat("/\\s+/");
+			    $$ = make_split(defstab,yylval.arg,Nullarg); }
+	|	SPLIT '(' sexpr csexpr csexpr ')'
+			{ $$ = mod_match(O_MATCH, $4,
+			  make_split(defstab,$3,$5));}
+	|	SPLIT '(' sexpr csexpr ')'
+			{ $$ = mod_match(O_MATCH, $4,
+			  make_split(defstab,$3,Nullarg) ); }
 	|	SPLIT '(' sexpr ')'
 			{ $$ = mod_match(O_MATCH,
 			    stab2arg(A_STAB,defstab),
-			    make_split(defstab,$3) ); }
-	|	JOIN '(' WORD ',' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_JOIN, 2,
-			    $5,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,aadd(stabent($3,TRUE))),
-			    Nullarg,0); }
-	|	JOIN '(' sexpr ',' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_JOIN, 2,
+			    make_split(defstab,$3,Nullarg) ); }
+	|	FLIST2 '(' sexpr cexpr ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 2,
 			    $3,
-			    make_list($5),
-			    Nullarg,2); }
-	|	SPRINTF '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_SPRINTF, 1,
+			    listish(make_list($4)),
+			    Nullarg); }
+	|	FLIST '(' expr ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 1,
 			    make_list($3),
 			    Nullarg,
-			    Nullarg,1); }
-	|	STAT '(' WORD ')'
-			{ $$ = l(make_op(O_STAT, 1,
-			    stab2arg(A_STAB,stabent($3,TRUE)),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0)); }
-	|	STAT '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op(O_STAT, 1, $3, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
+			    Nullarg); }
+	|	LVALFUN sexpr	%prec '('
+			{ $$ = l(make_op($1, 1, fixl($1,$2),
+			    Nullarg, Nullarg)); }
 	|	LVALFUN
 			{ $$ = l(make_op($1, 1,
 			    stab2arg(A_STAB,defstab),
-			    Nullarg, Nullarg,0)); }
-	|	LVALFUN '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = l(make_op($1, 1, $3, Nullarg, Nullarg,0)); }
+			    Nullarg, Nullarg)); }
 	|	FUNC0
-			{ $$ = make_op($1, 0, Nullarg, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 0, Nullarg, Nullarg, Nullarg); }
 	|	FUNC1 '(' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op($1, 1, $3, Nullarg, Nullarg,0); }
-	|	FUNC2 '(' sexpr ',' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op($1, 2, $3, $5, Nullarg, 0);
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 1, $3, Nullarg, Nullarg);
+			  if ($1 == O_EVAL || $1 == O_RESET)
+			    $$ = fixeval($$); }
+	|	FUNC2 '(' sexpr cexpr ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 2, $3, $4, Nullarg);
 			    if ($1 == O_INDEX && $$[2].arg_type == A_SINGLE)
-				fbmcompile($$[2].arg_ptr.arg_str); }
-	|	FUNC3 '(' sexpr ',' sexpr ',' expr ')'
-			{ $$ = make_op($1, 3, $3, $5, $7, 0); }
-	|	STABFUN '(' WORD ')'
+				fbmcompile($$[2].arg_ptr.arg_str,0); }
+	|	FUNC3 '(' sexpr csexpr cexpr ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 3, $3, $4, $5); }
+	|	LFUNC4 '(' sexpr csexpr csexpr cexpr ')'
+			{ arg4 = $6; $$ = make_op($1, 4, l($3), $4, $5); }
+	|	HSHFUN '(' hshword ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 1,
+				$3,
+				Nullarg,
+				Nullarg); }
+	|	HSHFUN hshword
 			{ $$ = make_op($1, 1,
-				stab2arg(A_STAB,hadd(stabent($3,TRUE))),
+				$2,
 				Nullarg,
-				Nullarg, 0); }
+				Nullarg); }
+	|	HSHFUN3 '(' hshword csexpr cexpr ')'
+			{ $$ = make_op($1, 3, $3, $4, $5); }
 	|	listop
 	;
 
 listop	:	LISTOP
 			{ $$ = make_op($1,2,
-				stab2arg(A_STAB,defstab),
 				stab2arg(A_WORD,Nullstab),
-				Nullarg,0); }
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,defstab),
+				Nullarg); }
 	|	LISTOP expr
-			{ $$ = make_op($1,2,make_list($2),
+			{ $$ = make_op($1,2,
 				stab2arg(A_WORD,Nullstab),
-				Nullarg,1); }
+				maybelistish($1,make_list($2)),
+				Nullarg); }
 	|	LISTOP WORD
 			{ $$ = make_op($1,2,
-				stab2arg(A_STAB,defstab),
 				stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($2,TRUE)),
-				Nullarg,1); }
+				stab2arg(A_STAB,defstab),
+				Nullarg); }
 	|	LISTOP WORD expr
-			{ $$ = make_op($1,2,make_list($3),
+			{ $$ = make_op($1,2,
 				stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($2,TRUE)),
-				Nullarg,1); }
+				maybelistish($1,make_list($3)),
+				Nullarg); Safefree($2); }
 	|	LISTOP REG expr
-			{ $$ = make_op($1,2,make_list($3),
+			{ $$ = make_op($1,2,
 				stab2arg(A_STAB,$2),
-				Nullarg,1); }
+				maybelistish($1,make_list($3)),
+				Nullarg); }
+	;
+
+handle	:	WORD
+			{ $$ = stab2arg(A_WORD,stabent($1,TRUE)); Safefree($1);}
+	|	sexpr
+	;
+
+aryword	:	WORD
+			{ $$ = stab2arg(A_WORD,aadd(stabent($1,TRUE)));
+			    Safefree($1); }
+	|	ARY
+			{ $$ = stab2arg(A_STAB,$1); }
+	;
+
+hshword	:	WORD
+			{ $$ = stab2arg(A_WORD,hadd(stabent($1,TRUE)));
+			    Safefree($1); }
+	|	HSH
+			{ $$ = stab2arg(A_STAB,$1); }
 	;
 
 %% /* PROGRAM */