[inseparable changes from match from perl-5.003_97h to perl-5.003_97i]

 CORE PORTABILITY

Subject: Provide memset() if it's missing
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: global.sym perl.h proto.h util.c

Subject: Don't tell GCC that warn(), croak(), and die() are printf-lik
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: proto.h

 DOCUMENTATION

Subject: FAQ udpate (24-apr-97)
Date: Thu, 24 Apr 1997 16:47:23 -0600 (MDT)
From: Nathan Torkington <gnat@prometheus.frii.com>
Files: pod/perlfaq*.pod

    private-msgid: 199704242247.QAA07010@prometheus.frii.com

 OTHER CORE CHANGES

Subject: Misc. sv_vcatpvfn() fixes
From: Hugo van der Sanden <hv@crypt.compulink.co.uk>
Files: gv.c mg.c op.c perl.c pp.c pp_ctl.c sv.c toke.c util.c

Subject: Enforce order of sprintf() elements
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: sv.c

Subject: Guard against long numbers, <<LONG_DELIM, and <long glob>
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: global.sym mg.c perl.c pod/perldiag.pod proto.h toke.c util.c

Subject: Guard against C<goto> to deeply nested label
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: pod/perldiag.pod pp_ctl.c

Subject: Guard against overflow in dup2() emulation
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: util.c

Subject: Win32: Guard against long function names
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: win32/win32sck.c

Subject: Make mess() always work, by using a non-arena SV
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: perl.c util.c

Subject: When copying a format line, take only its string value
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: sv.c

Subject: Fix LEAKTEST numbers
From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@perl.com>
Files: ext/DynaLoader/dl_vms.xs handy.h os2/os2.c util.c vms/vms.c win32/win32.c win32/win32sck.c

1 files changed, 388 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/pod/perlfaq8.pod b/pod/perlfaq8.pod
index f559d6a2f2..0c91f1e8de 100644
--- a/pod/perlfaq8.pod
+++ b/pod/perlfaq8.pod
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 =head1 NAME
 
-perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:11:50 $)
+perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:19 $)
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -795,7 +795,394 @@ The latter is particularly useful because it knows about machine
 dependent architectures.  The lib.pm pragmatic module was first
 included with the 5.002 release of Perl.
 
+=head1 How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    use strict;
+    $| = 1;
+    for (1..4) {
+        my $got;
+        print "gimme: ";
+        $got = getone();
+        print "--> $got\n";
+    }
+    exit;
+
+    BEGIN {
+        use POSIX qw(:termios_h);
+
+        my ($term, $oterm, $echo, $noecho, $fd_stdin);
+
+        $fd_stdin = fileno(STDIN);
+
+        $term     = POSIX::Termios->new();
+        $term->getattr($fd_stdin);
+        $oterm     = $term->getlflag();
+
+        $echo     = ECHO | ECHOK | ICANON;
+        $noecho   = $oterm & ~$echo;
+
+        sub cbreak {
+            $term->setlflag($noecho);
+            $term->setcc(VTIME, 1);
+            $term->setattr($fd_stdin, TCSANOW);
+        }
+
+        sub cooked {
+            $term->setlflag($oterm);
+            $term->setcc(VTIME, 0);
+            $term->setattr($fd_stdin, TCSANOW);
+        }
+
+        sub getone {
+            my $key = '';
+            cbreak();
+            sysread(STDIN, $key, 1);
+            cooked();
+            return $key;
+        }
+
+    }
+    END { cooked() }
+
+=head1 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright (c) 1997 Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington.
+All rights reserved.  See L<perlfaq> for distribution information.
+    END-of-perlfaq8.pod
+echo x - perlfaq9.pod
+sed 's/^X//' >perlfaq9.pod << 'END-of-perlfaq9.pod'
+=head1 NAME
+
+perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:29 $)
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This section deals with questions related to networking, the internet,
+and a few on the web.
+
+=head2 My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.  Can you help me fix it?
+
+Sure, but you probably can't afford our contracting rates :-)
+
+Seriously, if you can demonstrate that you've read the following FAQs
+and that your problem isn't something simple that can be easily
+answered, you'll probably receive a courteous and useful reply to your
+question if you post it on comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi (if it's
+something to do with HTTP, HTML, or the CGI protocols).  Questions that
+appear to be Perl questions but are really CGI ones that are posted to
+comp.lang.perl.misc may not be so well received.
+
+The useful FAQs are:
+
+    http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/idiots-guide.html
+    http://www3.pair.com/webthing/docs/cgi/faqs/cgifaq.shtml
+    http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/perl-cgi-faq.html
+    http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/WWW/faqs/www-security-faq.html
+    http://www.boutell.com/faq/
+
+=head2 How do I remove HTML from a string?
+
+The most correct way (albeit not the fastest) is to use HTML::Parse
+from CPAN (part of the libwww-perl distribution, which is a must-have
+module for all web hackers).
+
+Many folks attempt a simple-minded regular expression approach, like
+C<s/E<lt>.*?E<gt>//g>, but that fails in many cases because the tags
+may continue over line breaks, they may contain quoted angle-brackets,
+or HTML comment may be present.  Plus folks forget to convert
+entities, like C<&lt;> for example.
+
+Here's one "simple-minded" approach, that works for most files:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -p0777
+    s/<(?:[^>'"]*|(['"]).*?\1)*>//gs
+
+If you want a more complete solution, see the 3-stage striphtml
+program in
+http://www.perl.com/CPAN/authors/Tom_Christiansen/scripts/striphtml.gz
+.
+
+=head2 How do I extract URLs?
+
+A quick but imperfect approach is
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -n00
+    # qxurl - tchrist@perl.com
+    print "$2\n" while m{
+	< \s*
+	  A \s+ HREF \s* = \s* (["']) (.*?) \1
+	\s* >
+    }gsix;
+
+This version does not adjust relative URLs, understand alternate
+bases, deal with HTML comments, deal with HREF and NAME attributes in
+the same tag, or accept URLs themselves as arguments.  It also runs
+about 100x faster than a more "complete" solution using the LWP suite
+of modules, such as the
+http://www.perl.com/CPAN/authors/Tom_Christiansen/scripts/xurl.gz
+program.
+
+=head2 How do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do I open a file on another machine?
+
+In the context of an HTML form, you can use what's known as
+B<multipart/form-data> encoding.  The CGI.pm module (available from
+CPAN) supports this in the start_multipart_form() method, which isn't
+the same as the startform() method.
+
+=head2 How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
+
+Use the B<E<lt>SELECTE<gt>> and B<E<lt>OPTIONE<gt>> tags.  The CGI.pm
+module (available from CPAN) supports this widget, as well as many
+others, including some that it cleverly synthesizes on its own.
+
+=head2 How do I fetch an HTML file?
+
+One approach, if you have the lynx text-based HTML browser installed
+on your system, is this:
+
+    $html_code = `lynx -source $url`;
+    $text_data = `lynx -dump $url`;
+
+The libwww-perl (LWP) modules from CPAN provide a more powerful way to
+do this.  They work through proxies, and don't require lynx:
+
+    # print HTML from a URL
+    use LWP::Simple;
+    getprint "http://www.sn.no/libwww-perl/";
+
+    # print ASCII from HTML from a URL
+    use LWP::Simple;
+    use HTML::Parse;
+    use HTML::FormatText;
+    my ($html, $ascii);
+    $html = get("http://www.perl.com/");
+    defined $html
+        or die "Can't fetch HTML from http://www.perl.com/";
+    $ascii = HTML::FormatText->new->format(parse_html($html));
+    print $ascii;
+
+=head2 how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
+
+Here's an example of decoding:
+
+    $string = "http://altavista.digital.com/cgi-bin/query?pg=q&what=news&fmt=.&q=%2Bcgi-bin+%2Bperl.exe";
+    $string =~ s/%([a-fA-F0-9]{2})/chr(hex($1))/ge;
+
+Encoding is a bit harder, because you can't just blindly change
+all the non-alphanumunder character (C<\W>) into their hex escapes.
+It's important that characters with special meaning like C</> and C<?>
+I<not> be translated.  Probably the easiest way to get this right is
+to avoid reinventing the wheel and just use the URI::Escape module,
+which is part of the libwww-perl package (LWP) available from CPAN.
+
+=head2 How do I redirect to another page?
+
+Instead of sending back a C<Content-Type> as the headers of your
+reply, send back a C<Location:> header.  Officially this should be a
+C<URI:> header, so the CGI.pm module (available from CPAN) sends back
+both:
+
+    Location: http://www.domain.com/newpage
+    URI: http://www.domain.com/newpage
+
+Note that relative URLs in these headers can cause strange effects
+because of "optimizations" that servers do.
+
+=head2 How do I put a password on my web pages?
+
+That depends.  You'll need to read the documentation for your web
+server, or perhaps check some of the other FAQs referenced above.
+
+=head2 How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
+
+The HTTPD::UserAdmin and HTTPD::GroupAdmin modules provide a
+consistent OO interface to these files, regardless of how they're
+stored.  Databases may be text, dbm, Berkley DB or any database with a
+DBI compatible driver.  HTTPD::UserAdmin supports files used by the
+`Basic' and `Digest' authentication schemes.  Here's an example:
+
+    use HTTPD::UserAdmin ();
+    HTTPD::UserAdmin
+	  ->new(DB => "/foo/.htpasswd")
+	  ->add($username => $password);
+
+=head2 How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
+
+Read the CGI security FAQ, at
+http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/WWW/faqs/www-security-faq.html, and the
+Perl/CGI FAQ at
+http://www.perl.com/CPAN/doc/FAQs/cgi/perl-cgi-faq.html.
+
+In brief: use tainting (see L<perlsec>), which makes sure that data
+from outside your script (eg, CGI parameters) are never used in
+C<eval> or C<system> calls.  In addition to tainting, never use the
+single-argument form of system() or exec().  Instead, supply the
+command and arguments as a list, which prevents shell globbing.
+
+=head2 How do I parse an email header?
+
+For a quick-and-dirty solution, try this solution derived
+from page 222 of the 2nd edition of "Programming Perl":
+
+    $/ = '';
+    $header = <MSG>;
+    $header =~ s/\n\s+/ /g;	 # merge continuation lines
+    %head = ( UNIX_FROM_LINE, split /^([-\w]+):\s*/m, $header );
+
+That solution doesn't do well if, for example, you're trying to
+maintain all the Received lines.  A more complete approach is to use
+the Mail::Header module from CPAN (part of the MailTools package).
+
+=head2 How do I decode a CGI form?
+
+A lot of people are tempted to code this up themselves, so you've
+probably all seen a lot of code involving C<$ENV{CONTENT_LENGTH}> and
+C<$ENV{QUERY_STRING}>.  It's true that this can work, but there are
+also a lot of versions of this floating around that are quite simply
+broken!
+
+Please do not be tempted to reinvent the wheel.  Instead, use the
+CGI.pm or CGI_Lite.pm (available from CPAN), or if you're trapped in
+the module-free land of perl1 .. perl4, you might look into cgi-lib.pl
+(available from http://www.bio.cam.ac.uk/web/form.html).
+
+=head2 How do I check a valid email address?
+
+You can't.
+
+Without sending mail to the address and seeing whether it bounces (and
+even then you face the halting problem), you cannot determine whether
+an email address is valid.  Even if you apply the email header
+standard, you can have problems, because there are deliverable
+addresses that aren't RFC-822 (the mail header standard) compliant,
+and addresses that aren't deliverable which are compliant.
+
+Many are tempted to try to eliminate many frequently-invalid email
+addresses with a simple regexp, such as
+C</^[\w.-]+\@([\w.-]\.)+\w+$/>.  However, this also throws out many
+valid ones, and says nothing about potential deliverability, so is not
+suggested.  Instead, see
+http://www.perl.com/CPAN/authors/Tom_Christiansen/scripts/ckaddr.gz ,
+which actually checks against the full RFC spec (except for nested
+comments), looks for addresses you may not wish to accept email to
+(say, Bill Clinton or your postmaster), and then makes sure that the
+hostname given can be looked up in DNS.  It's not fast, but it works.
+
+Here's an alternative strategy used by many CGI script authors: Check
+the email address with a simple regexp (such as the one above).  If
+the regexp matched the address, accept the address.  If the regexp
+didn't match the address, request confirmation from the user that the
+email address they entered was correct.
+
+=head2 How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
+
+The MIME-tools package (available from CPAN) handles this and a lot
+more.  Decoding BASE64 becomes as simple as:
+
+    use MIME::base64;
+    $decoded = decode_base64($encoded);
+
+A more direct approach is to use the unpack() function's "u"
+format after minor transliterations:
+
+    tr#A-Za-z0-9+/##cd;                   # remove non-base64 chars
+    tr#A-Za-z0-9+/# -_#;                  # convert to uuencoded format
+    $len = pack("c", 32 + 0.75*length);   # compute length byte
+    print unpack("u", $len . $_);         # uudecode and print
+
+=head2 How do I return the user's email address?
+
+On systems that support getpwuid, the $E<lt> variable and the
+Sys::Hostname module (which is part of the standard perl distribution),
+you can probably try using something like this:
+
+    use Sys::Hostname;
+    $address = sprintf('%s@%s', getpwuid($<), hostname);
+
+Company policies on email address can mean that this generates addresses
+that the company's email system will not accept, so you should ask for
+users' email addresses when this matters.  Furthermore, not all systems
+on which Perl runs are so forthcoming with this information as is Unix.
+
+The Mail::Util module from CPAN (part of the MailTools package) provides a
+mailaddress() function that tries to guess the mail address of the user.
+It makes a more intelligent guess than the code above, using information
+given when the module was installed, but it could still be incorrect.
+Again, the best way is often just to ask the user.
+
+=head2 How do I send/read mail?
+
+Sending mail: the Mail::Mailer module from CPAN (part of the MailTools
+package) is UNIX-centric, while Mail::Internet uses Net::SMTP which is
+not UNIX-centric.  Reading mail: use the Mail::Folder module from CPAN
+(part of the MailFolder package) or the Mail::Internet module from
+CPAN (also part of the MailTools package).
+
+   # sending mail
+    use Mail::Internet;
+    use Mail::Header;
+    # say which mail host to use
+    $ENV{SMTPHOSTS} = 'mail.frii.com';
+    # create headers
+    $header = new Mail::Header;
+    $header->add('From', 'gnat@frii.com');
+    $header->add('Subject', 'Testing');
+    $header->add('To', 'gnat@frii.com');
+    # create body
+    $body = 'This is a test, ignore';
+    # create mail object
+    $mail = new Mail::Internet(undef, Header => $header, Body => \[$body]);
+    # send it
+    $mail->smtpsend or die;
+
+=head2 How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
+
+A lot of code has historically cavalierly called the C<`hostname`>
+program.  While sometimes expedient, this isn't very portable.  It's
+one of those tradeoffs of convenience versus portability.
+
+The Sys::Hostname module (part of the standard perl distribution) will
+give you the hostname after which you can find out the IP address
+(assuming you have working DNS) with a gethostbyname() call.
+
+    use Socket;
+    use Sys::Hostname;
+    my $host = hostname();
+    my $addr = inet_ntoa(scalar(gethostbyname($name)) || 'localhost');
+
+Probably the simplest way to learn your DNS domain name is to grok
+it out of /etc/resolv.conf, at least under Unix.  Of course, this
+assumes several things about your resolv.conf configuration, including
+that it exists.
+
+(We still need a good DNS domain name-learning method for non-Unix
+systems.)
+
+=head2 How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
+
+Use the Net::NNTP or News::NNTPClient modules, both available from CPAN.
+This can make tasks like fetching the newsgroup list as simple as:
+
+    perl -MNews::NNTPClient
+      -e 'print News::NNTPClient->new->list("newsgroups")'
+
+=head2 How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
+
+LWP::Simple (available from CPAN) can fetch but not put.  Net::FTP (also
+available from CPAN) is more complex but can put as well as fetch.
+
+=head2 How can I do RPC in Perl?
+
+A DCE::RPC module is being developed (but is not yet available), and
+will be released as part of the DCE-Perl package (available from
+CPAN).  No ONC::RPC module is known.
+
 =head1 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
 
 Copyright (c) 1997 Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington.
 All rights reserved.  See L<perlfaq> for distribution information.
+
+END-of-perlfaq9.pod
+exit
+