summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/pod/perlsyn.pod
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorPerl 5 Porters <perl5-porters@africa.nicoh.com>1996-11-19 14:16:00 +1200
committerChip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net>1996-11-19 14:16:00 +1200
commit55497cffdd24c959994f9a8ddd56db8ce85e1c5b (patch)
tree444dfb8adc0e5b96d56e0532791122c366f50a3e /pod/perlsyn.pod
parentc822f08a5087943f7d9e2c36ce42ea035f03ab97 (diff)
downloadperl-55497cffdd24c959994f9a8ddd56db8ce85e1c5b.tar.gz
[inseparable changes from patch from perl5.003_07 to perl5.003_08]
CORE LANGUAGE CHANGES Subject: Bitwise op sign rationalization From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net> Files: op.c opcode.pl pod/perlop.pod pod/perltoc.pod pp.c pp.h pp_hot.c proto.h sv.c t/op/bop.t Make bitwise ops result in unsigned values, unless C<use integer> is in effect. Includes initial support for UVs. Subject: Defined scoping for C<my> in control structures From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net> Files: op.c perly.c perly.c.diff perly.h perly.y proto.h toke.c Finally defines semantics of "my" in control expressions, like the condition of "if" and "while". In all cases, scope of a "my" var extends to the end of the entire control structure. Also adds new construct "for my", which automatically declares the control variable "my" and limits its scope to the loop. Subject: Fix ++/-- after int conversion (e.g. 'printf "%d"') From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net> Files: pp.c pp_hot.c sv.c This patch makes Perl correctly ignore SvIVX() if either NOK or POK is true, since SvIVX() may be a truncated or overflowed version of the real value. Subject: Make code match Camel II re: functions that use $_ From: Paul Marquess <pmarquess@bfsec.bt.co.uk> Files: opcode.pl Subject: Provide scalar context on left side of "->" From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net> Files: perly.c perly.y Subject: Quote bearword package/handle FOO in "funcname FOO => 'bar'" From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net> Files: toke.c OTHER CORE CHANGES Subject: Warn on overflow of octal and hex integers From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net> Files: proto.h toke.c util.c Subject: If -w active, warn for commas and hashes ('#') in qw() From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net> Files: toke.c Subject: Fixes for pack('w') From: Ulrich Pfeifer <pfeifer@charly.informatik.uni-dortmund.de> Files: pp.c t/op/pack.t Subject: More complete output from sv_dump() From: Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@engin.umich.edu> Files: sv.c Subject: Major '..' and debugger patches From: Ilya Zakharevich <ilya@math.ohio-state.edu> Files: lib/perl5db.pl op.c pp_ctl.c scope.c scope.h Subject: Fix for formline() From: Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@engin.umich.edu> Files: global.sym mg.c perl.h pod/perldiag.pod pp_ctl.c proto.h sv.c t/op/write.t Subject: Fix stack botch in untie and binmode From: Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@engin.umich.edu> Files: pp_sys.c Subject: Complete EMBED, including symbols from interp.sym From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net> Files: MANIFEST embed.pl ext/DynaLoader/dlutils.c ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/sdbm.h global.sym handy.h malloc.c perl.h pp_sys.c proto.h regexec.c toke.c util.c x2p/Makefile.SH x2p/a2p.h x2p/handy.h x2p/util.h New define EMBEDMYMALLOC makes embedding total by avoiding "Mymalloc" etc. Subject: Support old embedding for people who want it From: Chip Salzenberg <chip@atlantic.net> Files: MANIFEST Makefile.SH old_embed.pl old_global.sym PORTABILITY Subject: Miscellaneous VMS fixes From: Charles Bailey <bailey@HMIVAX.HUMGEN.UPENN.EDU> Files: lib/ExtUtils/Liblist.pm lib/ExtUtils/MM_VMS.pm lib/Math/Complex.pm lib/Time/Local.pm lib/timelocal.pl perl.h perl_exp.SH proto.h t/TEST t/io/read.t t/lib/findbin.t t/lib/getopt.t util.c utils/h2xs.PL vms/Makefile vms/config.vms vms/descrip.mms vms/ext/Stdio/Stdio.pm vms/ext/Stdio/Stdio.xs vms/perlvms.pod vms/test.com vms/vms.c Subject: DJGPP patches (MS-DOS) From: "Douglas E. Wegscheid" <wegscd@whirlpool.com> Files: doio.c dosish.h ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/sdbm.c handy.h lib/AutoSplit.pm lib/Cwd.pm lib/File/Find.pm malloc.c perl.c perl.h pp_sys.c proto.h sv.c util.c Subject: Patch to make Perl work under AmigaOS From: "Norbert Pueschel" <pueschel@imsdd.meb.uni-bonn.de> Files: MANIFEST hints/amigaos.sh installman lib/File/Basename.pm lib/File/Find.pm pod/pod2man.PL pp_sys.c util.c
Diffstat (limited to 'pod/perlsyn.pod')
-rw-r--r--pod/perlsyn.pod39
1 files changed, 22 insertions, 17 deletions
diff --git a/pod/perlsyn.pod b/pod/perlsyn.pod
index 459795e7cd..b0f77f4149 100644
--- a/pod/perlsyn.pod
+++ b/pod/perlsyn.pod
@@ -244,6 +244,9 @@ is the same as this:
$i++;
}
+(There is one minor difference: The first form implies a lexical scope
+for variables declared with C<my> in the initialization expression.)
+
Besides the normal array index looping, C<for> can lend itself
to many other interesting applications. Here's one that avoids the
problem you get into if you explicitly test for end-of-file on
@@ -259,12 +262,14 @@ hang.
=head2 Foreach Loops
The C<foreach> loop iterates over a normal list value and sets the
-variable VAR to be each element of the list in turn. The variable is
-implicitly local to the loop and regains its former value upon exiting the
-loop. If the variable was previously declared with C<my>, it uses that
-variable instead of the global one, but it's still localized to the loop.
-This can cause problems if you have subroutine or format declarations
-within that block's scope.
+variable VAR to be each element of the list in turn. If the variable
+is preceded with the keyword C<my>, then it is lexically scoped, and
+is therefore visible only within the loop. Otherwise, the variable is
+implicitly local to the loop and regains its former value upon exiting
+the loop. If the variable was previously declared with C<my>, it uses
+that variable instead of the global one, but it's still localized to
+the loop. (Note that a lexically scoped variable can cause problems
+with you have subroutine or format declarations.)
The C<foreach> keyword is actually a synonym for the C<for> keyword, so
you can use C<foreach> for readability or C<for> for brevity. If VAR is
@@ -278,7 +283,7 @@ Examples:
for (@ary) { s/foo/bar/ }
- foreach $elem (@elements) {
+ foreach my $elem (@elements) {
$elem *= 2;
}
@@ -294,8 +299,8 @@ Examples:
Here's how a C programmer might code up a particular algorithm in Perl:
- for ($i = 0; $i < @ary1; $i++) {
- for ($j = 0; $j < @ary2; $j++) {
+ for (my $i = 0; $i < @ary1; $i++) {
+ for (my $j = 0; $j < @ary2; $j++) {
if ($ary1[$i] > $ary2[$j]) {
last; # can't go to outer :-(
}
@@ -307,8 +312,8 @@ Here's how a C programmer might code up a particular algorithm in Perl:
Whereas here's how a Perl programmer more comfortable with the idiom might
do it:
- OUTER: foreach $wid (@ary1) {
- INNER: foreach $jet (@ary2) {
+ OUTER: foreach my $wid (@ary1) {
+ INNER: foreach my $jet (@ary2) {
next OUTER if $wid > $jet;
$wid += $jet;
}
@@ -324,12 +329,12 @@ equivalent C<for> loop.
=head2 Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
-A BLOCK by itself (labeled or not) is semantically equivalent to a loop
-that executes once. Thus you can use any of the loop control
-statements in it to leave or restart the block. (Note that this
-is I<NOT> true in C<eval{}>, C<sub{}>, or contrary to popular belief C<do{}> blocks,
-which do I<NOT> count as loops.) The C<continue> block
-is optional.
+A BLOCK by itself (labeled or not) is semantically equivalent to a
+loop that executes once. Thus you can use any of the loop control
+statements in it to leave or restart the block. (Note that this is
+I<NOT> true in C<eval{}>, C<sub{}>, or contrary to popular belief
+C<do{}> blocks, which do I<NOT> count as loops.) The C<continue>
+block is optional.
The BLOCK construct is particularly nice for doing case
structures.