Fix various minor pod issues

These were all uncovered by the new Pod::Checker, not yet in core.
Fixing these will speed up debugging the new Checker.

9 files changed, 82 insertions, 82 deletions

diff --git a/pod/perldiag.pod b/pod/perldiag.pod
index fadbbad65a..02c93cebb0 100644
--- a/pod/perldiag.pod
+++ b/pod/perldiag.pod
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ Something like this will reproduce the error:
 
 =item Can't chdir to %s
 
-(F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
+(F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but F</foo/bar> is not a directory
 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
 
 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
diff --git a/pod/perlfunc.pod b/pod/perlfunc.pod
index cdae29fa66..0263deb9a1 100644
--- a/pod/perlfunc.pod
+++ b/pod/perlfunc.pod
@@ -4688,7 +4688,7 @@ an explicit repeat count for pack, the packed string is adjusted to that
 length.  For example:
 
  This code:                             gives this result:
- 
+
  unpack("W/a", "\004Gurusamy")          ("Guru")
  unpack("a3/A A*", "007 Bond  J ")      (" Bond", "J")
  unpack("a3 x2 /A A*", "007: Bond, J.") ("Bond, J", ".")
@@ -6616,32 +6616,32 @@ Examples:
 
     # sort lexically
     @articles = sort @files;
-    
+
     # same thing, but with explicit sort routine
     @articles = sort {$a cmp $b} @files;
-    
+
     # now case-insensitively
     @articles = sort {fc($a) cmp fc($b)} @files;
-    
+
     # same thing in reversed order
     @articles = sort {$b cmp $a} @files;
-    
+
     # sort numerically ascending
     @articles = sort {$a <=> $b} @files;
-    
+
     # sort numerically descending
     @articles = sort {$b <=> $a} @files;
-    
+
     # this sorts the %age hash by value instead of key
     # using an in-line function
     @eldest = sort { $age{$b} <=> $age{$a} } keys %age;
-    
+
     # sort using explicit subroutine name
     sub byage {
         $age{$a} <=> $age{$b};  # presuming numeric
     }
     @sortedclass = sort byage @class;
-    
+
     sub backwards { $b cmp $a }
     @harry  = qw(dog cat x Cain Abel);
     @george = qw(gone chased yz Punished Axed);
@@ -6692,11 +6692,11 @@ Examples:
                                              # not set here    
     package main;
     @new = sort other::backwards @old;
-    
+
     # guarantee stability, regardless of algorithm
     use sort 'stable';
     @new = sort { substr($a, 3, 5) cmp substr($b, 3, 5) } @old;
-    
+
     # force use of mergesort (not portable outside Perl 5.8)
     use sort '_mergesort';  # note discouraging _
     @new = sort { substr($a, 3, 5) cmp substr($b, 3, 5) } @old;
diff --git a/pod/perlgpl.pod b/pod/perlgpl.pod
index 82a8f5a9dd..cd8a1d6434 100644
--- a/pod/perlgpl.pod
+++ b/pod/perlgpl.pod
@@ -35,15 +35,15 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
 
                     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                      Version 1, February 1989
- 
+
   Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
                      51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- 
+
   Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
   of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
- 
+
                             Preamble
- 
+
    The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
  at the mercy of those companies.  By contrast, our General Public
  License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
@@ -51,41 +51,41 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
  General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
  software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
  You can use it for your programs, too.
- 
+
    When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
  price.  Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make
  sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free
  software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
  that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
  programs; and that you know you can do these things.
- 
+
    To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
  anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
  distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
- 
+
    For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether
  gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
  you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
  source code.  And you must tell them their rights.
- 
+
    We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
  (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
  distribute and/or modify the software.
- 
+
    Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
  that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
  software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
  want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
  that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
  authors' reputations.
- 
+
    The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
  modification follow.
-  
+
                     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
     TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
- 
+
    0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
  contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
  distributed under the terms of this General Public License.  The
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
  on the Program" means either the Program or any work containing the
  Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications.  Each
  licensee is addressed as "you".
- 
+
    1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
  code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
  appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
@@ -102,21 +102,21 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
  other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License
  along with the Program.  You may charge a fee for the physical act of
  transferring a copy.
- 
+
    2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
  it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph
  1 above, provided that you also do the following:
- 
+
      a) cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
      you changed the files and the date of any change; and
- 
+
      b) cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that
      in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either
      with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all
      third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except
      that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all
      third parties, at your option).
- 
+
      c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
      run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use
      in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an
@@ -125,34 +125,34 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
      warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these
      conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General
      Public License.
- 
+
      d) You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
      copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
      exchange for a fee.
- 
+
  Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its
  derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
  the other work under the scope of these terms.
-  
+
    3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of
  it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
  Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
- 
+
      a) accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
      source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
      Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
- 
+
      b) accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
      years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge
      for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the
      corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
      Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
- 
+
      c) accompany it with the information you received as to where the
      corresponding source code may be obtained.  (This alternative is
      allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
      received the program in object code or executable form alone.)
- 
+
  Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
  modifications to it.  For an executable file, complete source code means
  all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
  libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable
  file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that
  accompany that operating system.
- 
+
    4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the
  Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License.
  Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer
@@ -169,22 +169,22 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
  copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public
  License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
  remain in full compliance.
- 
+
    5. By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based
  on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so,
  and all its terms and conditions.
- 
+
    6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
  Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
  licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these
  terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further restrictions on the
  recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
-  
+
    7. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
  of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
  be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
  address new problems or concerns.
- 
+
  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
  specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and "any
  later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
  Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
  the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
  Foundation.
- 
+
    8. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
  programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
  to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
@@ -200,9 +200,9 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
  make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
  of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
  of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
- 
+
                             NO WARRANTY
- 
+
    9. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
  FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
  OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
  TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
  PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
  REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
- 
+
    10. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
  WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
  REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
@@ -222,67 +222,67 @@ For the Perl Artistic License, see L<perlartistic>.
  YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
  PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
- 
+
                      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
- 
+
         Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
- 
+
    If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
  possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
  free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
  terms.
- 
+
    To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest to
  attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
  the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
  "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
- 
+
      <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
      Copyright (C) 19yy  <name of author>
- 
+
      This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
      the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
      any later version.
- 
+
      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
      GNU General Public License for more details.
- 
+
      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
      along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
      Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA
      02110-1301 USA
- 
- 
+
+
  Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
- 
+
  If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
  when it starts in an interactive mode:
- 
+
      Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19xx name of author
      Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type 'show w'.
      This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
      under certain conditions; type 'show c' for details.
- 
+
  The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the
  appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
  commands you use may be called something other than 'show w' and 'show
  c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
  program.
- 
+
  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
  school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
  necessary.  Here a sample; alter the names:
- 
+
    Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
    program 'Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
    at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
- 
+
    <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
    Ty Coon, President of Vice
- 
+
  That's all there is to it!
 
 =cut
diff --git a/pod/perlguts.pod b/pod/perlguts.pod
index 52a0170c8d..4fb9ce1289 100644
--- a/pod/perlguts.pod
+++ b/pod/perlguts.pod
@@ -1536,7 +1536,7 @@ But it also puts the same information in certain fields of the XSUB itself:
     const char *subname = SvPVX(cv);
     STRLEN name_length  = SvCUR(cv); /* in bytes */
     U32 is_utf8         = SvUTF8(cv);
-    
+
 C<SvPVX(cv)> contains just the sub name itself, not including the package.
 For an AUTOLOAD routine in UNIVERSAL or one of its superclasses,
 C<CvSTASH(cv)> returns NULL during a method call on a nonexistent package.
diff --git a/pod/perlintro.pod b/pod/perlintro.pod
index afce360a2a..2a090a60b6 100644
--- a/pod/perlintro.pod
+++ b/pod/perlintro.pod
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Alternatively, put this as the first line of your script:
 
     #!/usr/bin/env perl
 
-... and run the script as C</path/to/script.pl>.  Of course, it'll need
+... and run the script as F</path/to/script.pl>.  Of course, it'll need
 to be executable first, so C<chmod 755 script.pl> (under Unix).
 
 (This start line assumes you have the B<env> program.  You can also put
diff --git a/pod/perlmodinstall.pod b/pod/perlmodinstall.pod
index 9e88606ff5..be0608316e 100644
--- a/pod/perlmodinstall.pod
+++ b/pod/perlmodinstall.pod
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ module into your system's repository of Perl modules, but you can
 install modules into any directory you wish.  For instance, where I
 say C<perl Makefile.PL>, you can substitute C<perl Makefile.PL
 PREFIX=/my/perl_directory> to install the modules into
-C</my/perl_directory>.  Then you can use the modules from your Perl
+F</my/perl_directory>.  Then you can use the modules from your Perl
 programs with C<use lib "/my/perl_directory/lib/site_perl";> or
 sometimes just C<use "/my/perl_directory";>.  If you're on a system
 that requires superuser/root access to install modules into the
diff --git a/pod/perlop.pod b/pod/perlop.pod
index d0cfd85669..40402becae 100644
--- a/pod/perlop.pod
+++ b/pod/perlop.pod
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ the table is sorted on the right operand instead of on the left.
                 like: exists HASH->{Any}
 
  Right operand is CODE:
-   
+
  Left      Right      Description and pseudocode                               
  ===============================================================
  ARRAY     CODE       sub returns true on all ARRAY elements[1]
@@ -2139,7 +2139,7 @@ X<qx> X<`> X<``> X<backtick>
 =item `STRING`
 
 A string which is (possibly) interpolated and then executed as a
-system command with C</bin/sh> or its equivalent.  Shell wildcards,
+system command with F</bin/sh> or its equivalent.  Shell wildcards,
 pipes, and redirections will be honored.  The collected standard
 output of the command is returned; standard error is unaffected.  In
 scalar context, it comes back as a single (potentially multi-line)
diff --git a/pod/perlpod.pod b/pod/perlpod.pod
index 7afb325c0c..a5cd12bcf1 100644
--- a/pod/perlpod.pod
+++ b/pod/perlpod.pod
@@ -291,9 +291,9 @@ module.  Examples:
   =encoding utf8
 
   =encoding koi8-r
-  
+
   =encoding ShiftJIS
-  
+
   =encoding big5
 
 =back
diff --git a/pod/perlpragma.pod b/pod/perlpragma.pod
index 604387d9f9..78dacbf174 100644
--- a/pod/perlpragma.pod
+++ b/pod/perlpragma.pod
@@ -16,22 +16,22 @@ mathematical operators, and would like to provide your own pragma that
 functions much like C<use integer;> You'd like this code
 
     use MyMaths;
-    
+
     my $l = MyMaths->new(1.2);
     my $r = MyMaths->new(3.4);
-    
+
     print "A: ", $l + $r, "\n";
-    
+
     use myint;
     print "B: ", $l + $r, "\n";
-    
+
     {
         no myint;
         print "C: ", $l + $r, "\n";
     }
-    
+
     print "D: ", $l + $r, "\n";
-    
+
     no myint;
     print "E: ", $l + $r, "\n";
 
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ this:
             $$l + $$r;
         }
     };
-    
+
     sub new {
         my ($class, $value) = @_;
         bless \$value, $class;
     }
-    
+
     1;
 
 Note how we load the user pragma C<myint> with an empty list C<()> to
@@ -77,24 +77,24 @@ prevent its C<import> being called.
 The interaction with the Perl compilation happens inside package C<myint>:
 
     package myint;
-    
+
     use strict;
     use warnings;
-    
+
     sub import {
         $^H{"myint/in_effect"} = 1;
     }
-    
+
     sub unimport {
         $^H{"myint/in_effect"} = 0;
     }
-    
+
     sub in_effect {
         my $level = shift // 0;
         my $hinthash = (caller($level))[10];
         return $hinthash->{"myint/in_effect"};
     }
-    
+
     1;
 
 As pragmata are implemented as modules, like any other module, C<use myint;>