add OP_ARGELEM, OP_ARGDEFELEM, OP_ARGCHECK ops

Currently subroutine signature parsing emits many small discrete ops
to implement arg handling. This commit replaces them with a couple of ops
per signature element, plus an initial signature check op.

These new ops are added to the OP tree during parsing, so will be visible
to hooks called up to and including peephole optimisation. It is intended
soon that the peephole optimiser will take these per-element ops, and
replace them with a single OP_SIGNATURE op which handles the whole
signature in a single go. So normally these ops wont actually get executed
much. But adding these intermediate-level ops gives three advantages:

1) it allows the parser to efficiently generate subtrees containing
   individual signature elements, which can't be done if only OP_SIGNATURE
   or discrete ops are available;
2) prior to optimisation, it provides a simple and straightforward
   representation of the signature;
3) hooks can mess with the signature OP subtree in ways that make it
   no longer possible to optimise into an OP_SIGNATURE, but which can
   still be executed, deparsed etc (if less efficiently).

This code:

    use feature "signatures";
    sub f($a, $, $b = 1, @c)  {$a}

under 'perl -MO=Concise,f' now gives:

    d  <1> leavesub[1 ref] K/REFC,1 ->(end)
    -     <@> lineseq KP ->d
    1        <;> nextstate(main 84 foo:6) v:%,469762048 ->2
    2        <+> argcheck(3,1,@) v ->3
    3        <;> nextstate(main 81 foo:6) v:%,469762048 ->4
    4        <+> argelem(0)[$a:81,84] v/SV ->5
    5        <;> nextstate(main 82 foo:6) v:%,469762048 ->6
    8        <+> argelem(2)[$b:82,84] vKS/SV ->9
    6           <|> argdefelem(other->7)[2] sK ->8
    7              <$> const(IV 1) s ->8
    9        <;> nextstate(main 83 foo:6) v:%,469762048 ->a
    a        <+> argelem(3)[@c:83,84] v/AV ->b
    -        <;> ex-nextstate(main 84 foo:6) v:%,469762048 ->b
    b        <;> nextstate(main 84 foo:6) v:%,469762048 ->c
    c        <0> padsv[$a:81,84] s ->d

The argcheck(3,1,@) op knows the number of positional params (3), the
number of optional params (1), and whether it has an array / hash slurpy
element at the end. This op is responsible for checking that @_ contains
the right number of args.

A simple argelem(0)[$a] op does the equivalent of 'my $a = $_[0]'.
Similarly, argelem(3)[@c] is equivalent to 'my @c = @_[3..$#_]'.
If it has a child, it gets its arg from the stack rather than using $_[N].
Currently the only used child is the logop argdefelem.

argdefelem(other->7)[2] is equivalent to '@_ > 2 ? $_[2] : other'.

[ These ops currently assume that the lexical var being introduced
is undef/empty and non-magival etc. This is an incorrect assumption and
is fixed in a few commits' time ]

1 files changed, 3 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/pp_proto.h b/pp_proto.h
index fd54df8e45..16b1729348 100644
--- a/pp_proto.h
+++ b/pp_proto.h
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_anoncode(pTHX);
 PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_anonconst(pTHX);
 PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_anonhash(pTHX);
 PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_anonlist(pTHX);
+PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_argcheck(pTHX);
+PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_argdefelem(pTHX);
+PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_argelem(pTHX);
 PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_aslice(pTHX);
 PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_atan2(pTHX);
 PERL_CALLCONV OP *Perl_pp_av2arylen(pTHX);