perl 3.0: (no announcement message available)perl-3.000

A few of the new features: (18 Oct)

    * Perl can now handle binary data correctly and has functions to pack and unpack binary structures into arrays or lists. You can now do arbitrary ioctl functions.
    * You can now pass things to subroutines by reference.
    * Debugger enhancements.
    * An array or associative array may now appear in a local() list.
    * Array values may now be interpolated into strings.
    * Subroutine names are now distinguished by prefixing with &. You can call subroutines without using do, and without passing any argument list at all.
    * You can use the new -u switch to cause perl to dump core so that you can run undump and produce a binary executable image. Alternately you can use the "dump" operator after initializing any variables and such.
    * You can now chop lists.
    * Perl now uses /bin/csh to do filename globbing, if available. This means that filenames with spaces or other strangenesses work right.
    * New functions: mkdir and rmdir, getppid, getpgrp and setpgrp, getpriority and setpriority, chroot, ioctl and fcntl, flock, readlink, lstat, rindex, pack and unpack, read, warn, dbmopen and dbmclose, dump, reverse, defined, undef.

1 files changed, 753 insertions, 214 deletions

diff --git a/x2p/walk.c b/x2p/walk.c
index 344581ea03..959527de3a 100644
--- a/x2p/walk.c
+++ b/x2p/walk.c
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-/* $Header: walk.c,v 2.0 88/06/05 00:16:12 root Exp $
+/* $Header: walk.c,v 3.0 89/10/18 15:35:48 lwall Locked $
+ *
+ *    Copyright (c) 1989, Larry Wall
+ *
+ *    You may distribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *    as specified in the README file that comes with the perl 3.0 kit.
  *
  * $Log:	walk.c,v $
- * Revision 2.0  88/06/05  00:16:12  root
- * Baseline version 2.0.
+ * Revision 3.0  89/10/18  15:35:48  lwall
+ * 3.0 baseline
  * 
  */
 
@@ -14,16 +19,22 @@
 bool exitval = FALSE;
 bool realexit = FALSE;
 bool saw_getline = FALSE;
+bool subretnum = FALSE;
+bool saw_FNR = FALSE;
+bool saw_argv0 = FALSE;
 int maxtmp = 0;
 char *lparen;
 char *rparen;
+STR *subs;
+STR *curargs = Nullstr;
 
 STR *
-walk(useval,level,node,numericptr)
+walk(useval,level,node,numericptr,minprec)
 int useval;
 int level;
 register int node;
 int *numericptr;
+int minprec;			/* minimum precedence without parens */
 {
     register int len;
     register STR *str;
@@ -31,11 +42,13 @@ int *numericptr;
     register int i;
     register STR *tmpstr;
     STR *tmp2str;
+    STR *tmp3str;
     char *t;
     char *d, *s;
     int numarg;
     int numeric = FALSE;
     STR *fstr;
+    int prec = P_MAX;		/* assume no parens needed */
     char *index();
 
     if (!node) {
@@ -47,8 +60,9 @@ int *numericptr;
     type &= 255;
     switch (type) {
     case OPROG:
-	str = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	opens = str_new(0);
+	subs = str_new(0);
+	str = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	if (do_split && need_entire && !absmaxfld)
 	    split_to_array = TRUE;
 	if (do_split && split_to_array)
@@ -79,103 +93,140 @@ int *numericptr;
 	if (saw_ORS) {
 	    str_cat(str,"$\\ = \"\\n\";\t\t# set output record separator\n");
 	}
+	if (saw_argv0) {
+	    str_cat(str,"$ARGV0 = $0;\t\t# remember what we ran as\n");
+	}
 	if (str->str_cur > 20)
 	    str_cat(str,"\n");
 	if (ops[node+2].ival) {
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	    str_free(fstr);
 	    str_cat(str,"\n\n");
 	}
-	if (saw_line_op)
-	    str_cat(str,"line: ");
-	str_cat(str,"while (<>) {\n");
-	tab(str,++level);
-	if (saw_FS && !const_FS)
-	    do_chop = TRUE;
-	if (do_chop) {
-	    str_cat(str,"chop;\t# strip record separator\n");
-	    tab(str,level);
-	}
-	arymax = 0;
-	if (namelist) {
-	    while (isalpha(*namelist)) {
-		for (d = tokenbuf,s=namelist;
-		  isalpha(*s) || isdigit(*s) || *s == '_';
-		  *d++ = *s++) ;
-		*d = '\0';
-		while (*s && !isalpha(*s)) s++;
-		namelist = s;
-		nameary[++arymax] = savestr(tokenbuf);
+	fstr = walk(0,level+1,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	if (*fstr->str_ptr) {
+	    if (saw_line_op)
+		str_cat(str,"line: ");
+	    str_cat(str,"while (<>) {\n");
+	    tab(str,++level);
+	    if (saw_FS && !const_FS)
+		do_chop = TRUE;
+	    if (do_chop) {
+		str_cat(str,"chop;\t# strip record separator\n");
+		tab(str,level);
 	    }
+	    arymax = 0;
+	    if (namelist) {
+		while (isalpha(*namelist)) {
+		    for (d = tokenbuf,s=namelist;
+		      isalpha(*s) || isdigit(*s) || *s == '_';
+		      *d++ = *s++) ;
+		    *d = '\0';
+		    while (*s && !isalpha(*s)) s++;
+		    namelist = s;
+		    nameary[++arymax] = savestr(tokenbuf);
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (maxfld < arymax)
+		maxfld = arymax;
+	    if (do_split)
+		emit_split(str,level);
+	    str_scat(str,fstr);
+	    str_free(fstr);
+	    fixtab(str,--level);
+	    str_cat(str,"}\n");
+	    if (saw_FNR)
+		str_cat(str,"continue {\n    $FNRbase = $. if eof;\n}\n");
 	}
-	if (maxfld < arymax)
-	    maxfld = arymax;
-	if (do_split)
-	    emit_split(str,level);
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
-	str_free(fstr);
-	fixtab(str,--level);
-	str_cat(str,"}\n");
+	else
+	    str_cat(str,"# (no line actions)\n");
 	if (ops[node+4].ival) {
 	    realexit = TRUE;
 	    str_cat(str,"\n");
 	    tab(str,level);
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+4].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+4].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	    str_free(fstr);
 	    str_cat(str,"\n");
 	}
 	if (exitval)
 	    str_cat(str,"exit ExitValue;\n");
+	if (subs->str_ptr) {
+	    str_cat(str,"\n");
+	    str_scat(str,subs);
+	}
 	if (saw_getline) {
-	    str_cat(str,"\nsub Getline {\n    $_ = <>;\n");
-	    tab(str,++level);
-	    if (do_chop) {
-		str_cat(str,"chop;\t# strip record separator\n");
-		tab(str,level);
+	    for (len = 0; len < 4; len++) {
+		if (saw_getline & (1 << len)) {
+		    sprintf(tokenbuf,"\nsub Getline%d {\n",len);
+		    str_cat(str, tokenbuf);
+		    if (len & 2) {
+			if (do_fancy_opens)
+			    str_cat(str,"    &Pick('',@_);\n");
+			else
+			    str_cat(str,"    ($fh) = @_;\n");
+		    }
+		    else {
+			if (saw_FNR)
+			    str_cat(str,"    $FNRbase = $. if eof;\n");
+		    }
+		    if (len & 1)
+			str_cat(str,"    local($_)\n");
+		    if (len & 2)
+			str_cat(str,
+			  "    if ($getline_ok = (($_ = <$fh>) ne ''))");
+		    else
+			str_cat(str,
+			  "    if ($getline_ok = (($_ = <>) ne ''))");
+		    str_cat(str, " {\n");
+		    level += 2;
+		    tab(str,level);
+		    i = 0;
+		    if (do_chop) {
+			i++;
+			str_cat(str,"chop;\t# strip record separator\n");
+			tab(str,level);
+		    }
+		    if (do_split && !(len & 1)) {
+			i++;
+			emit_split(str,level);
+		    }
+		    if (!i)
+			str_cat(str,";\n");
+		    fixtab(str,--level);
+		    str_cat(str,"}\n    $_;\n}\n");
+		    --level;
+		}
 	    }
-	    if (do_split)
-		emit_split(str,level);
-	    fixtab(str,--level);
-	    str_cat(str,"}\n");
 	}
 	if (do_fancy_opens) {
 	    str_cat(str,"\n\
 sub Pick {\n\
-    ($name) = @_;\n\
+    local($mode,$name,$pipe) = @_;\n\
     $fh = $opened{$name};\n\
     if (!$fh) {\n\
-	$nextfh == 0 && open(fh_0,$name);\n\
-	$nextfh == 1 && open(fh_1,$name);\n\
-	$nextfh == 2 && open(fh_2,$name);\n\
-	$nextfh == 3 && open(fh_3,$name);\n\
-	$nextfh == 4 && open(fh_4,$name);\n\
-	$nextfh == 5 && open(fh_5,$name);\n\
-	$nextfh == 6 && open(fh_6,$name);\n\
-	$nextfh == 7 && open(fh_7,$name);\n\
-	$nextfh == 8 && open(fh_8,$name);\n\
-	$nextfh == 9 && open(fh_9,$name);\n\
-	$fh = $opened{$name} = 'fh_' . $nextfh++;\n\
+	$fh = $opened{$name} = 'fh_' . ($nextfh++ + 0);\n\
+	open($fh,$mode.$name.$pipe);\n\
     }\n\
-    select($fh);\n\
 }\n\
 ");
 	}
 	break;
     case OHUNKS:
-	str = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	if (len == 3) {
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	    str_free(fstr);
 	}
 	else {
 	}
 	break;
     case ORANGE:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_DOTDOT;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec+1);
 	str_cat(str," .. ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OPAT:
@@ -183,10 +234,10 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case OREGEX:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"/");
-	tmpstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	/* translate \nnn to [\nnn] */
 	for (s = tmpstr->str_ptr, d = tokenbuf; *s; s++, d++) {
-	    if (*s == '\\' && isdigit(s[1]) && isdigit(s[2]) && isdigit(s[3])) {
+	    if (*s == '\\' && isdigit(s[1]) && isdigit(s[2]) && isdigit(s[3])){
 		*d++ = '[';
 		*d++ = *s++;
 		*d++ = *s++;
@@ -207,92 +258,108 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case OHUNK:
 	if (len == 1) {
 	    str = str_new(0);
-	    str = walk(0,level,oper1(OPRINT,0),&numarg);
+	    str = walk(0,level,oper1(OPRINT,0),&numarg,P_MIN);
 	    str_cat(str," if ");
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	    str_free(fstr);
 	    str_cat(str,";");
 	}
 	else {
-	    tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	    tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	    if (*tmpstr->str_ptr) {
 		str = str_new(0);
 		str_set(str,"if (");
 		str_scat(str,tmpstr);
 		str_cat(str,") {\n");
 		tab(str,++level);
-		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 		str_free(fstr);
 		fixtab(str,--level);
 		str_cat(str,"}\n");
 		tab(str,level);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		str = walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+		str = walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	    }
 	}
 	break;
     case OPPAREN:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"(");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,")");
 	break;
     case OPANDAND:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_ANDAND;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	str_cat(str," && ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OPOROR:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_OROR;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	str_cat(str," || ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OPNOT:
+	prec = P_UNARY;
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"!");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OCPAREN:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"(");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric |= numarg;
 	str_cat(str,")");
 	break;
     case OCANDAND:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_ANDAND;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	numeric = 1;
 	str_cat(str," && ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OCOROR:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_OROR;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	numeric = 1;
 	str_cat(str," || ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OCNOT:
+	prec = P_UNARY;
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"!");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case ORELOP:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_REL;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1);
 	numeric |= numarg;
-	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
-	tmp2str = walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	tmp2str = walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,prec+1);
 	numeric |= numarg;
-	if (!numeric) {
+	if (!numeric ||
+	 (!numarg && (*tmp2str->str_ptr == '"' || *tmp2str->str_ptr == '\''))) {
 	    t = tmpstr->str_ptr;
 	    if (strEQ(t,"=="))
 		str_set(tmpstr,"eq");
@@ -329,15 +396,16 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case ORPAREN:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"(");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric |= numarg;
 	str_cat(str,")");
 	break;
     case OMATCHOP:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_MATCH;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1);
 	str_cat(str," ");
-	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	if (strEQ(tmpstr->str_ptr,"~"))
 	    str_cat(str,"=~");
 	else {
@@ -345,100 +413,124 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	    str_free(tmpstr);
 	}
 	str_cat(str," ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case OMPAREN:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"(");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,
+	  fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric |= numarg;
 	str_cat(str,")");
 	break;
     case OCONCAT:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_ADD;
+	type = ops[ops[node+1].ival].ival & 255;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec+(type != OCONCAT));
 	str_cat(str," . ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	type = ops[ops[node+2].ival].ival & 255;
+	str_scat(str,
+	  fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+(type != OCONCAT)));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OASSIGN:
-	str = walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_ASSIGN;
+	str = walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1);
 	str_cat(str," ");
-	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	str_scat(str,tmpstr);
 	if (str_len(tmpstr) > 1)
 	    numeric = 1;
 	str_free(tmpstr);
 	str_cat(str," ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,prec));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric |= numarg;
 	break;
     case OADD:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_ADD;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	str_cat(str," + ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
-    case OSUB:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+    case OSUBTRACT:
+	prec = P_ADD;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	str_cat(str," - ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case OMULT:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_MUL;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	str_cat(str," * ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case ODIV:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_MUL;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	str_cat(str," / ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	numeric = 1;
+	break;
+    case OPOW:
+	prec = P_POW;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec+1);
+	str_cat(str," ** ");
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case OMOD:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_MUL;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	str_cat(str," % ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case OPOSTINCR:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_AUTO;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec+1);
 	str_cat(str,"++");
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case OPOSTDECR:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_AUTO;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec+1);
 	str_cat(str,"--");
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case OPREINCR:
+	prec = P_AUTO;
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"++");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case OPREDECR:
+	prec = P_AUTO;
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"--");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case OUMINUS:
+	prec = P_UNARY;
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"-");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
@@ -448,34 +540,107 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case OPAREN:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"(");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,
+	  fstr=walk(useval != 0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,")");
 	numeric |= numarg;
 	break;
     case OGETLINE:
 	str = str_new(0);
-	str_set(str,"do Getline()");
-	saw_getline = TRUE;
+	if (useval)
+	    str_cat(str,"(");
+	if (len > 0) {
+	    str_cat(str,"$");
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
+	    if (!*fstr->str_ptr) {
+		str_cat(str,"_");
+		len = 2;		/* a legal fiction */
+	    }
+	    str_free(fstr);
+	}
+	else
+	    str_cat(str,"$_");
+	if (len > 1) {
+	    tmpstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	    fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	    if (!do_fancy_opens) {
+		t = tmpstr->str_ptr;
+		if (*t == '"' || *t == '\'')
+		    t = cpytill(tokenbuf,t+1,*t);
+		else
+		    fatal("Internal error: OGETLINE %s", t);
+		d = savestr(t);
+		s = savestr(tokenbuf);
+		for (t = tokenbuf; *t; t++) {
+		    *t &= 127;
+		    if (!isalpha(*t) && !isdigit(*t))
+			*t = '_';
+		}
+		if (!index(tokenbuf,'_'))
+		    strcpy(t,"_fh");
+		tmp3str = hfetch(symtab,tokenbuf);
+		if (!tmp3str) {
+		    do_opens = TRUE;
+		    str_cat(opens,"open(");
+		    str_cat(opens,tokenbuf);
+		    str_cat(opens,", ");
+		    d[1] = '\0';
+		    str_cat(opens,d);
+		    str_cat(opens,tmpstr->str_ptr+1);
+		    opens->str_cur--;
+		    if (*fstr->str_ptr == '|')
+			str_cat(opens,"|");
+		    str_cat(opens,d);
+		    if (*fstr->str_ptr == '|')
+			str_cat(opens,") || die 'Cannot pipe from \"");
+		    else
+			str_cat(opens,") || die 'Cannot open file \"");
+		    if (*d == '"')
+			str_cat(opens,"'.\"");
+		    str_cat(opens,s);
+		    if (*d == '"')
+			str_cat(opens,"\".'");
+		    str_cat(opens,"\".';\n");
+		    hstore(symtab,tokenbuf,str_make("x"));
+		}
+		safefree(s);
+		safefree(d);
+		str_set(tmpstr,"'");
+		str_cat(tmpstr,tokenbuf);
+		str_cat(tmpstr,"'");
+	    }
+	    if (*fstr->str_ptr == '|')
+		str_cat(tmpstr,", '|'");
+	    str_free(fstr);
+	}
+	else
+	    tmpstr = str_make("");
+	sprintf(tokenbuf," = &Getline%d(%s)",len,tmpstr->str_ptr);
+	str_cat(str,tokenbuf); 
+	str_free(tmpstr);
+	if (useval)
+	    str_cat(str,",$getline_ok)");
+	saw_getline |= 1 << len;
 	break;
     case OSPRINTF:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"sprintf(");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,")");
 	break;
     case OSUBSTR:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"substr(");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_COMMA+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,", ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_COMMA+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,", ");
 	if (len == 3) {
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_COMMA+1));
 	    str_free(fstr);
 	}
 	else
@@ -489,7 +654,7 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case OSPLIT:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	numeric = 1;
-	tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	if (useval)
 	    str_set(str,"(@");
 	else
@@ -497,7 +662,7 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	str_scat(str,tmpstr);
 	str_cat(str," = split(");
 	if (len == 3) {
-	    fstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg);
+	    fstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_COMMA+1);
 	    if (str_len(fstr) == 3 && *fstr->str_ptr == '\'') {
 		i = fstr->str_ptr[1] & 127;
 		if (index("*+?.[]()|^$\\",i))
@@ -519,9 +684,9 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	else
 	    str_cat(str,"' '");
 	str_cat(str,", ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_COMMA+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
-	str_cat(str,")");
+	str_cat(str,", 999)");
 	if (useval) {
 	    str_cat(str,")");
 	}
@@ -530,20 +695,209 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case OINDEX:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"index(");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_COMMA+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,", ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_COMMA+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,")");
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
+    case OMATCH:
+	str = str_new(0);
+	prec = P_ANDAND;
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MATCH+1));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_cat(str," =~ ");
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MATCH+1));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_cat(str," && ($RLENGTH = length($&), $RSTART = length($`)+1)");
+	numeric = 1;
+	break;
+    case OUSERDEF:
+	str = str_new(0);
+	subretnum = FALSE;
+	fstr=walk(1,level-1,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	curargs = str_new(0);
+	str_sset(curargs,fstr);
+	str_cat(curargs,",");
+	tmp2str=walk(1,level,ops[node+5].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	str_free(curargs);
+	curargs = Nullstr;
+	level--;
+	subretnum |= numarg;
+	s = Nullch;
+	t = tmp2str->str_ptr;
+	while (t = instr(t,"return "))
+	    s = t++;
+	if (s) {
+	    i = 0;
+	    for (t = s+7; *t; t++) {
+		if (*t == ';' || *t == '}')
+		    i++;
+	    }
+	    if (i == 1) {
+		strcpy(s,s+7);
+		tmp2str->str_cur -= 7;
+	    }
+	}
+	str_set(str,"\n");
+	tab(str,level);
+	str_cat(str,"sub ");
+	str_scat(str,tmpstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
+	str_cat(str," {\n");
+	tab(str,++level);
+	if (fstr->str_cur) {
+	    str_cat(str,"local(");
+	    str_scat(str,fstr);
+	    str_cat(str,") = @_;");
+	}
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	fixtab(str,level);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+4].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	fixtab(str,level);
+	str_scat(str,tmp2str);
+	str_free(tmp2str);
+	fixtab(str,--level);
+	str_cat(str,"}\n");
+	tab(str,level);
+	str_scat(subs,str);
+	str_set(str,"");
+	str_cat(tmpstr,"(");
+	tmp2str = str_new(0);
+	if (subretnum)
+	    str_set(tmp2str,"1");
+	hstore(symtab,tmpstr->str_ptr,tmp2str);
+	str_free(tmpstr);
+	level++;
+	break;
+    case ORETURN:
+	str = str_new(0);
+	if (len > 0) {
+	    str_cat(str,"return ");
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_UNI+1));
+	    str_free(fstr);
+	    if (numarg)
+		subretnum = TRUE;
+	}
+	else
+	    str_cat(str,"return");
+	break;
+    case OUSERFUN:
+	str = str_new(0);
+	str_set(str,"&");
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_cat(str,"(");
+	tmpstr = hfetch(symtab,str->str_ptr+3);
+	if (tmpstr && tmpstr->str_ptr)
+	    numeric |= atoi(tmpstr->str_ptr);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_cat(str,")");
+	break;
+    case OGSUB:
+    case OSUB:
+	if (type == OGSUB)
+	    s = "g";
+	else
+	    s = "";
+	str = str_new(0);
+	tmpstr = str_new(0);
+	i = 0;
+	if (len == 3) {
+	    tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_MATCH+1);
+	    if (strNE(tmpstr->str_ptr,"$_")) {
+		str_cat(tmpstr, " =~ s");
+		i++;
+	    }
+	    else
+		str_set(tmpstr, "s");
+	}
+	else
+	    str_set(tmpstr, "s");
+	type = ops[ops[node+2].ival].ival;
+	len = type >> 8;
+	type &= 255;
+	tmp3str = str_new(0);
+	if (type == OSTR) {
+	    tmp2str=walk(1,level,ops[ops[node+2].ival+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	    for (t = tmp2str->str_ptr, d=tokenbuf; *t; d++,t++) {
+		if (*t == '&')
+		    *d++ = '$' + 128;
+		else if (*t == '$')
+		    *d++ = '\\' + 128;
+		*d = *t + 128;
+	    }
+	    *d = '\0';
+	    str_set(tmp2str,tokenbuf);
+	}
+	else {
+	    tmp2str=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	    str_set(tmp3str,"($s_ = '\"'.(");
+	    str_scat(tmp3str,tmp2str);
+	    str_cat(tmp3str,").'\"') =~ s/&/\\$&/g, ");
+	    str_set(tmp2str,"eval $s_");
+	    s = (*s == 'g' ? "ge" : "e");
+	    i++;
+	}
+	type = ops[ops[node+1].ival].ival;
+	len = type >> 8;
+	type &= 255;
+	fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	if (type == OREGEX) {
+	    if (useval && i)
+		str_cat(str,"(");
+	    str_scat(str,tmp3str);
+	    str_scat(str,tmpstr);
+	    str_scat(str,fstr);
+	    str_scat(str,tmp2str);
+	    str_cat(str,"/");
+	    str_cat(str,s);
+	}
+	else if ((type == OFLD && !split_to_array) || (type == OVAR && len == 1)) {
+	    if (useval && i)
+		str_cat(str,"(");
+	    str_scat(str,tmp3str);
+	    str_scat(str,tmpstr);
+	    str_cat(str,"/");
+	    str_scat(str,fstr);
+	    str_cat(str,"/");
+	    str_scat(str,tmp2str);
+	    str_cat(str,"/");
+	    str_cat(str,s);
+	}
+	else {
+	    i++;
+	    if (useval)
+		str_cat(str,"(");
+	    str_cat(str,"$s = ");
+	    str_scat(str,fstr);
+	    str_cat(str,", ");
+	    str_scat(str,tmp3str);
+	    str_scat(str,tmpstr);
+	    str_cat(str,"/$s/");
+	    str_scat(str,tmp2str);
+	    str_cat(str,"/");
+	    str_cat(str,s);
+	}
+	if (useval && i)
+	    str_cat(str,")");
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_free(tmpstr);
+	str_free(tmp2str);
+	str_free(tmp3str);
+	numeric = 1;
+	break;
     case ONUM:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
     case OSTR:
-	tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	s = "'";
 	for (t = tmpstr->str_ptr, d=tokenbuf; *t; d++,t++) {
 	    if (*t == '\'')
@@ -567,15 +921,34 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	str_free(tmpstr);
 	str_cat(str,s);
 	break;
+    case ODEFINED:
+	prec = P_UNI;
+	str = str_new(0);
+	str_set(str,"defined $");
+	goto addvar;
+    case ODELETE:
+	str = str_new(0);
+	str_set(str,"delete $");
+	goto addvar;
+    case OSTAR:
+	str = str_new(0);
+	str_set(str,"*");
+	goto addvar;
     case OVAR:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"$");
-	str_scat(str,tmpstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+      addvar:
+	str_scat(str,tmpstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	if (len == 1) {
 	    tmp2str = hfetch(symtab,tmpstr->str_ptr);
 	    if (tmp2str && atoi(tmp2str->str_ptr))
 		numeric = 2;
-	    if (strEQ(str->str_ptr,"$NR")) {
+	    if (strEQ(str->str_ptr,"$FNR")) {
+		numeric = 1;
+		saw_FNR++;
+		str_set(str,"($.-$FNRbase)");
+	    }
+	    else if (strEQ(str->str_ptr,"$NR")) {
 		numeric = 1;
 		str_set(str,"$.");
 	    }
@@ -585,22 +958,37 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	    }
 	    else if (strEQ(str->str_ptr,"$0"))
 		str_set(str,"$_");
+	    else if (strEQ(str->str_ptr,"$ARGC"))
+		str_set(str,"($#ARGV+1)");
 	}
 	else {
+#ifdef NOTDEF
+	    if (curargs) {
+		sprintf(tokenbuf,"$%s,",tmpstr->str_ptr);
+	???	if (instr(curargs->str_ptr,tokenbuf))
+		    str_cat(str,"\377");	/* can't translate yet */
+	    }
+#endif
 	    str_cat(tmpstr,"[]");
 	    tmp2str = hfetch(symtab,tmpstr->str_ptr);
 	    if (tmp2str && atoi(tmp2str->str_ptr))
 		str_cat(str,"[");
 	    else
 		str_cat(str,"{");
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	    str_free(fstr);
-	    if (tmp2str && atoi(tmp2str->str_ptr))
-		strcpy(tokenbuf,"]");
-	    else
-		strcpy(tokenbuf,"}");
-	    *tokenbuf += 128;
-	    str_cat(str,tokenbuf);
+	    if (strEQ(str->str_ptr,"$ARGV[0")) {
+		str_set(str,"$ARGV0");
+		saw_argv0++;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		if (tmp2str && atoi(tmp2str->str_ptr))
+		    strcpy(tokenbuf,"]");
+		else
+		    strcpy(tokenbuf,"}");
+		*tokenbuf += 128;
+		str_cat(str,tokenbuf);
+	    }
 	}
 	str_free(tmpstr);
 	break;
@@ -609,12 +997,12 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	if (split_to_array) {
 	    str_set(str,"$Fld");
 	    str_cat(str,"[");
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	    str_free(fstr);
 	    str_cat(str,"]");
 	}
 	else {
-	    i = atoi(walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg)->str_ptr);
+	    i = atoi(walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN)->str_ptr);
 	    if (i <= arymax)
 		sprintf(tokenbuf,"$%s",nameary[i]);
 	    else
@@ -628,7 +1016,7 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	i = ops[node+1].ival;
 	if ((ops[i].ival & 255) == OPAREN)
 	    i = ops[i+1].ival;
-	tmpstr=walk(1,level,i,&numarg);
+	tmpstr=walk(1,level,i,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	str_scat(str,tmpstr);
 	str_free(tmpstr);
 	str_cat(str,"]");
@@ -648,7 +1036,7 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case OSCOMMENT:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,";");
-	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	for (s = tmpstr->str_ptr; *s && *s != '\n'; s++)
 	    *s += 128;
 	str_scat(str,tmpstr);
@@ -657,7 +1045,7 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	break;
     case OCOMMENT:
 	str = str_new(0);
-	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	for (s = tmpstr->str_ptr; *s && *s != '\n'; s++)
 	    *s += 128;
 	str_scat(str,tmpstr);
@@ -665,27 +1053,31 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	tab(str,level);
 	break;
     case OCOMMA:
-	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prec = P_COMMA;
+	str = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec);
 	str_cat(str,", ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
+	str_free(fstr);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OSEMICOLON:
 	str = str_new(1);
-	str_set(str,"; ");
+	str_set(str,";\n");
+	tab(str,level);
 	break;
     case OSTATES:
-	str = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OSTATE:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	if (len >= 1) {
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	    str_free(fstr);
 	    if (len >= 2) {
-		tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+		tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 		if (*tmpstr->str_ptr == ';') {
 		    addsemi(str);
 		    str_cat(str,tmpstr->str_ptr+1);
@@ -694,14 +1086,43 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	    }
 	}
 	break;
+    case OCLOSE:
+	str = str_make("close(");
+	tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	if (!do_fancy_opens) {
+	    t = tmpstr->str_ptr;
+	    if (*t == '"' || *t == '\'')
+		t = cpytill(tokenbuf,t+1,*t);
+	    else
+		fatal("Internal error: OCLOSE %s",t);
+	    s = savestr(tokenbuf);
+	    for (t = tokenbuf; *t; t++) {
+		*t &= 127;
+		if (!isalpha(*t) && !isdigit(*t))
+		    *t = '_';
+	    }
+	    if (!index(tokenbuf,'_'))
+		strcpy(t,"_fh");
+	    str_free(tmpstr);
+	    safefree(s);
+	    str_set(str,"close ");
+	    str_cat(str,tokenbuf);
+	}
+	else {
+	    sprintf(tokenbuf,"$fh = delete $opened{%s} && close($fh)",
+	       tmpstr->str_ptr);
+	    str_free(tmpstr);
+	    str_set(str,tokenbuf);
+	}
+	break;
     case OPRINTF:
     case OPRINT:
 	lparen = "";	/* set to parens if necessary */
 	rparen = "";
 	str = str_new(0);
 	if (len == 3) {		/* output redirection */
-	    tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg);
-	    tmp2str = walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	    tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	    tmp2str = walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	    if (!do_fancy_opens) {
 		t = tmpstr->str_ptr;
 		if (*t == '"' || *t == '\'')
@@ -717,34 +1138,38 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 		}
 		if (!index(tokenbuf,'_'))
 		    strcpy(t,"_fh");
-		str_cat(opens,"open(");
-		str_cat(opens,tokenbuf);
-		str_cat(opens,", ");
-		d[1] = '\0';
-		str_cat(opens,d);
-		str_scat(opens,tmp2str);
-		str_cat(opens,tmpstr->str_ptr+1);
-		if (*tmp2str->str_ptr == '|')
-		    str_cat(opens,") || die 'Cannot pipe to \"");
-		else
-		    str_cat(opens,") || die 'Cannot create file \"");
-		if (*d == '"')
-		    str_cat(opens,"'.\"");
-		str_cat(opens,s);
-		if (*d == '"')
-		    str_cat(opens,"\".'");
-		str_cat(opens,"\".';\n");
+		tmp3str = hfetch(symtab,tokenbuf);
+		if (!tmp3str) {
+		    str_cat(opens,"open(");
+		    str_cat(opens,tokenbuf);
+		    str_cat(opens,", ");
+		    d[1] = '\0';
+		    str_cat(opens,d);
+		    str_scat(opens,tmp2str);
+		    str_cat(opens,tmpstr->str_ptr+1);
+		    if (*tmp2str->str_ptr == '|')
+			str_cat(opens,") || die 'Cannot pipe to \"");
+		    else
+			str_cat(opens,") || die 'Cannot create file \"");
+		    if (*d == '"')
+			str_cat(opens,"'.\"");
+		    str_cat(opens,s);
+		    if (*d == '"')
+			str_cat(opens,"\".'");
+		    str_cat(opens,"\".';\n");
+		    hstore(symtab,tokenbuf,str_make("x"));
+		}
 		str_free(tmpstr);
 		str_free(tmp2str);
 		safefree(s);
 		safefree(d);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		sprintf(tokenbuf,"do Pick('%s' . (%s)) &&\n",
+		sprintf(tokenbuf,"&Pick('%s', %s) &&\n",
 		   tmp2str->str_ptr, tmpstr->str_ptr);
 		str_cat(str,tokenbuf);
 		tab(str,level+1);
-		*tokenbuf = '\0';
+		strcpy(tokenbuf,"$fh");
 		str_free(tmpstr);
 		str_free(tmp2str);
 		lparen = "(";
@@ -752,7 +1177,7 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	    }
 	}
 	else
-	    strcpy(tokenbuf,"stdout");
+	    strcpy(tokenbuf,"");
 	str_cat(str,lparen);	/* may be null */
 	if (type == OPRINTF)
 	    str_cat(str,"printf");
@@ -763,7 +1188,7 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 		str_cat(str," ");
 	    str_cat(str,tokenbuf);
 	}
-	tmpstr = walk(1+(type==OPRINT),level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr = walk(1+(type==OPRINT),level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	if (!*tmpstr->str_ptr && lval_field) {
 	    t = saw_OFS ? "$," : "' '";
 	    if (split_to_array) {
@@ -795,6 +1220,24 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	str_cat(str,rparen);	/* may be null */
 	str_free(tmpstr);
 	break;
+    case ORAND:
+	str = str_make("rand(1)");
+	break;
+    case OSRAND:
+	str = str_make("srand(");
+	goto maybe0;
+    case OATAN2:
+	str = str_make("atan2(");
+	goto maybe0;
+    case OSIN:
+	str = str_make("sin(");
+	goto maybe0;
+    case OCOS:
+	str = str_make("cos(");
+	goto maybe0;
+    case OSYSTEM:
+	str = str_make("system(");
+	goto maybe0;
     case OLENGTH:
 	str = str_make("length(");
 	goto maybe0;
@@ -812,7 +1255,7 @@ sub Pick {\n\
       maybe0:
 	numeric = 1;
 	if (len > 0)
-	    tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	    tmpstr = walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	else
 	    tmpstr = str_new(0);;
 	if (!*tmpstr->str_ptr) {
@@ -863,11 +1306,13 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case OEXIT:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	if (realexit) {
+	    prec = P_UNI;
 	    str_set(str,"exit");
 	    if (len == 1) {
 		str_cat(str," ");
 		exitval = TRUE;
-		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+		str_scat(str,
+		  fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,prec+1));
 		str_free(fstr);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -875,7 +1320,8 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	    if (len == 1) {
 		str_set(str,"ExitValue = ");
 		exitval = TRUE;
-		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+		str_scat(str,
+		  fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_ASSIGN));
 		str_free(fstr);
 		str_cat(str,"; ");
 	    }
@@ -891,10 +1337,10 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case OIF:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"if (");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,") ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	if (len == 3) {
 	    i = ops[node+3].ival;
@@ -911,12 +1357,12 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	    }
 	    if (i) {
 		str_cat(str,"els");
-		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,i,&numarg));
+		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,i,&numarg,P_MIN));
 		str_free(fstr);
 	    }
 	    else {
 		str_cat(str,"else ");
-		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
+		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 		str_free(fstr);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -924,16 +1370,16 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     case OWHILE:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"while (");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,") ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OFOR:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"for (");
-	str_scat(str,tmpstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,tmpstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	i = numarg;
 	if (i) {
 	    t = s = tmpstr->str_ptr;
@@ -944,7 +1390,7 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 		i = 0;
 	}
 	str_cat(str,"; ");
-	fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	if (i && (t = index(fstr->str_ptr,0377))) {
 	    if (strnEQ(fstr->str_ptr,s,i))
 		*t = ' ';
@@ -953,57 +1399,65 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_free(tmpstr);
 	str_cat(str,"; ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	str_cat(str,") ");
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+4].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+4].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	break;
     case OFORIN:
-	tmpstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	d = index(tmpstr->str_ptr,'$');
+	if (!d)
+	    fatal("Illegal for loop: %s",tmpstr->str_ptr);
+	s = index(d,'{');
+	if (!s)
+	    s = index(d,'[');
+	if (!s)
+	    fatal("Illegal for loop: %s",d);
+	*s++ = '\0';
+	t = index(s,'}' + 128);
+	if (!t)
+	    t = index(s,']' + 128);
+	if (t)
+	    *t = '\0';
 	str = str_new(0);
-	str_sset(str,tmpstr);
+	str_set(str,d+1);
 	str_cat(str,"[]");
 	tmp2str = hfetch(symtab,str->str_ptr);
 	if (tmp2str && atoi(tmp2str->str_ptr)) {
-	    fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	    sprintf(tokenbuf,
-	      "foreach $%s (@%s) ",
-	      fstr->str_ptr,
-	      tmpstr->str_ptr);
-	    str_set(str,tokenbuf);
-	    str_free(fstr);
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
-	    str_free(fstr);
+	      "foreach %s (@%s) ",
+	      s,
+	      d+1);
 	}
 	else {
-	    str_set(str,"while (($");
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
-	    str_free(fstr);
-	    str_cat(str,",$junkval) = each(");
-	    str_scat(str,tmpstr);
-	    str_cat(str,")) ");
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
-	    str_free(fstr);
+	    sprintf(tokenbuf,
+	      "foreach %s (keys %%%s) ",
+	      s,
+	      d+1);
 	}
+	str_set(str,tokenbuf);
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
+	str_free(fstr);
 	str_free(tmpstr);
 	break;
     case OBLOCK:
 	str = str_new(0);
 	str_set(str,"{");
 	if (len >= 2 && ops[node+2].ival) {
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	    str_free(fstr);
 	}
 	fixtab(str,++level);
-	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg));
+	str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	str_free(fstr);
 	addsemi(str);
 	fixtab(str,--level);
 	str_cat(str,"}\n");
 	tab(str,level);
 	if (len >= 3) {
-	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg));
+	    str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 	    str_free(fstr);
 	}
 	break;
@@ -1012,9 +1466,9 @@ sub Pick {\n\
 	if (len) {
 	    if (len > 5)
 		fatal("Garbage length in walk");
-	    str = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	    str = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	    for (i = 2; i<= len; i++) {
-		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+i].ival,&numarg));
+		str_scat(str,fstr=walk(0,level,ops[node+i].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
 		str_free(fstr);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -1025,6 +1479,16 @@ sub Pick {\n\
     }
     if (!str)
 	str = str_new(0);
+
+    if (useval && prec < minprec) {		/* need parens? */
+	fstr = str_new(str->str_cur+2);
+	str_nset(fstr,"(",1);
+	str_scat(fstr,str);
+	str_ncat(fstr,")",1);
+	str_free(str);
+	str = fstr;
+    }
+
     *numericptr = numeric;
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
     if (debug & 4) {
@@ -1063,7 +1527,7 @@ register int lvl;
     /* strip trailing white space */
 
     s = str->str_ptr+str->str_cur - 1;
-    while (s >= str->str_ptr && (*s == ' ' || *s == '\t'))
+    while (s >= str->str_ptr && (*s == ' ' || *s == '\t' || *s == '\n'))
 	s--;
     s[1] = '\0';
     str->str_cur = s + 1 - str->str_ptr;
@@ -1109,13 +1573,13 @@ int level;
 	str_cat(str,tokenbuf);
     }
     if (const_FS) {
-	sprintf(tokenbuf," = split(/[%c\\n]/);\n",const_FS);
+	sprintf(tokenbuf," = split(/[%c\\n]/, $_, 999);\n",const_FS);
 	str_cat(str,tokenbuf);
     }
     else if (saw_FS)
-	str_cat(str," = split($FS);\n");
+	str_cat(str," = split($FS, $_, 999);\n");
     else
-	str_cat(str," = split(' ');\n");
+	str_cat(str," = split(' ', $_, 999);\n");
     tab(str,level);
 }
 
@@ -1132,6 +1596,8 @@ int *numericptr;
     char *d, *s;
     int numarg;
     int numeric = FALSE;
+    STR *tmpstr;
+    STR *tmp2str;
 
     if (!node) {
 	*numericptr = 0;
@@ -1259,7 +1725,7 @@ int *numericptr;
 	prewalk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
-    case OSUB:
+    case OSUBTRACT:
 	prewalk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	prewalk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
 	numeric = 1;
@@ -1274,6 +1740,11 @@ int *numericptr;
 	prewalk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
+    case OPOW:
+	prewalk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prewalk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	numeric = 1;
+	break;
     case OMOD:
 	prewalk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	prewalk(1,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
@@ -1333,6 +1804,55 @@ int *numericptr;
 	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
 	numeric = 1;
 	break;
+    case OMATCH:
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	numeric = 1;
+	break;
+    case OUSERDEF:
+	subretnum = FALSE;
+	--level;
+	tmpstr = walk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
+	++level;
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+4].ival,&numarg);
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+5].ival,&numarg);
+	--level;
+	str_cat(tmpstr,"(");
+	tmp2str = str_new(0);
+	if (subretnum || numarg)
+	    str_set(tmp2str,"1");
+	hstore(symtab,tmpstr->str_ptr,tmp2str);
+	str_free(tmpstr);
+	level++;
+	break;
+    case ORETURN:
+	if (len > 0) {
+	    prewalk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	    if (numarg)
+		subretnum = TRUE;
+	}
+	break;
+    case OUSERFUN:
+	tmp2str = str_new(0);
+	str_scat(tmp2str,tmpstr=walk(1,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN));
+	fixrargs(tmpstr->str_ptr,ops[node+2],0);
+	str_free(tmpstr);
+	str_cat(tmp2str,"(");
+	tmpstr = hfetch(symtab,tmp2str->str_ptr);
+	if (tmpstr && tmpstr->str_ptr)
+	    numeric |= atoi(tmpstr->str_ptr);
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	str_free(tmp2str);
+	break;
+    case OGSUB:
+    case OSUB:
+	if (len >= 3)
+	    prewalk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg);
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[ops[node+2].ival+1].ival,&numarg);
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	numeric = 1;
+	break;
     case ONUM:
 	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	numeric = 1;
@@ -1340,6 +1860,9 @@ int *numericptr;
     case OSTR:
 	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	break;
+    case ODEFINED:
+    case ODELETE:
+    case OSTAR:
     case OVAR:
 	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	if (len == 1) {
@@ -1370,6 +1893,7 @@ int *numericptr;
     case OCOMMA:
 	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg);
 	break;
     case OSEMICOLON:
 	break;
@@ -1385,6 +1909,9 @@ int *numericptr;
 	    }
 	}
 	break;
+    case OCLOSE:
+	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	break;
     case OPRINTF:
     case OPRINT:
 	if (len == 3) {		/* output redirection */
@@ -1393,6 +1920,18 @@ int *numericptr;
 	}
 	prewalk(0+(type==OPRINT),level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	break;
+    case ORAND:
+	break;
+    case OSRAND:
+	goto maybe0;
+    case OATAN2:
+	goto maybe0;
+    case OSIN:
+	goto maybe0;
+    case OCOS:
+	goto maybe0;
+    case OSYSTEM:
+	goto maybe0;
     case OLENGTH:
 	goto maybe0;
     case OLOG:
@@ -1405,7 +1944,8 @@ int *numericptr;
       maybe0:
 	numeric = 1;
 	if (len > 0)
-	    prewalk(type != OLENGTH,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	    prewalk(type != OLENGTH && type != OSYSTEM,
+	      level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
 	break;
     case OBREAK:
 	break;
@@ -1440,7 +1980,6 @@ int *numericptr;
     case OFORIN:
 	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+2].ival,&numarg);
 	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
-	prewalk(0,level,ops[node+3].ival,&numarg);
 	break;
     case OBLOCK:
 	if (len == 2) {
@@ -1480,7 +2019,7 @@ register int node;
     len = type >> 8;
     type &= 255;
     if (type == OVAR && len == 1) {
-	tmpstr=walk(0,0,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg);
+	tmpstr=walk(0,0,ops[node+1].ival,&numarg,P_MIN);
 	tmp2str = str_make("1");
 	hstore(symtab,tmpstr->str_ptr,tmp2str);
     }