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Diffstat (limited to 'pod/perltoc.pod')
| -rw-r--r-- | pod/perltoc.pod | 5501 |
1 files changed, 3919 insertions, 1582 deletions
diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 6397388e5d..74c1f4ed91 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character] -delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-separated files), +delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files), How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a @@ -301,6 +301,2198 @@ authors =back +=head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BASIC DOCUMENTATION + +=over + +=item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language + +SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO, +DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES + +=item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 +20:38:02 $) + +DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Declarations + +=item Simple statements + +=item Compound statements + +=item Loop Control + +=item For Loops + +=item Foreach Loops + +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements + +=item Goto + +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation + +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perldata - Perl data types + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Variable names + +=item Context + +=item Scalar values + +=item Scalar value constructors + +=item List value constructors + +=item Slices + +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) + +=item The Arrow Operator + +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement + +=item Exponentiation + +=item Symbolic Unary Operators + +=item Binding Operators + +=item Multiplicative Operators + +=item Additive Operators + +=item Shift Operators + +=item Named Unary Operators + +=item Relational Operators + +=item Equality Operators + +=item Bitwise And + +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or + +=item C-style Logical And + +=item C-style Logical Or + +=item Range Operators + +=item Conditional Operator + +=item Assignment Operators + +=item Comma Operator + +=item List Operators (Rightward) + +=item Logical Not + +=item Logical And + +=item Logical or and Exclusive Or + +=item C Operators Missing From Perl + +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) + +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators + +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators + +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds + +=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs + +Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, +C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">, +C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>, +C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions + +=item I/O Operators + +=item Constant Folding + +=item Bitwise String Operators + +=item Integer Arithmetic + +=item Floating-point Arithmetic + +=item Bigger Numbers + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Private Variables via my() + +=item Persistent Private Variables + +=item Temporary Values via local() + +=item Lvalue subroutines + +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) + +=item When to Still Use local() + +1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. +You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. +You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash + +=item Pass by Reference + +=item Prototypes + +=item Constant Functions + +=item Overriding Built-in Functions + +=item Autoloading + +=item Subroutine Attributes + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Perl Functions by Category + +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 + +=item Portability + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, +bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, +chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK +LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl +ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd +ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module +LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack +TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop +ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, +printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, +push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, +quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir +DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv +SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename +OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, +return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex +STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar +EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select +FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl +ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, +sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, +study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr +EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, +use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, +values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn +LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? + +=item The Solution + +=item Syntax + +=over + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=back + +=item An Example + +=item Arrow Rule + +=item Solution + +=item The Rest + +=item Summary + +=item Credits + +=over + +=item Distribution Conditions + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs + +=item REFERENCES + +=item COMMON MISTAKES + +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE + +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict> + +=item DEBUGGING + +=item CODE EXAMPLES + +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS + +=over + +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=back + +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS + +=over + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=back + +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES + +=over + +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES + +=back + +=item HASHES OF HASHES + +=over + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES + +=back + +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=over + +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=back + +=item Database Ties + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item The Guide + +=over + +=item Simple word matching + +=item Using character classes + +\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and +represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and +represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character +but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace +character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character +[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n" + +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., +any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least +once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times, +C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n> +times + +=item More matching + +=item Search and replace + +=item The split operator + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=over + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Verbatim Paragraph + +=item Command Paragraph + +=item Ordinary Block of Text + +=item The Intent + +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules + +=item Common Pod Pitfalls + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Awk Traps + +=item C Traps + +=item Sed Traps + +=item Shell Traps + +=item Perl Traps + +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps + +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance + +=item Parsing Traps + +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing + +=item Numerical Traps + +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops + +=item General data type traps + +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) + +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts + +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) + +=item Precedence Traps + +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence + +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. + +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression + +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps + +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle + +=item OS Traps + +(SysV), (SysV) + +=item Interpolation Traps + +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation + +=item DBM Traps + +DBM, DBM + +=item Unclassified Traps + +C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with +LIMIT specified + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems + +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS + +=item Location of Perl + +=item Command Switches + +B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, +B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, +B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>], +B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, +B<-x> I<directory> + +=back + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL +(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, +PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) + +=back + +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings + +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> + +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line + +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> + +=item Backward Compatibility + +=item Category Hierarchy + +=item Fatal Warnings + +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module + +=back + +=item TODO + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item The Perl Debugger + +=over + +=item Debugger Commands + +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, +-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, +b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O +option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> +command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! +cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] + +=item Configurable Options + +C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, +C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, +C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, +C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, +C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, +C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop> + +=item Debugger input/output + +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing + +=item Debugging compile-time statements + +=item Debugger Customization + +=item Readline Support + +=item Editor Support for Debugging + +=item The Perl Profiler + +=back + +=item Debugging regular expressions + +=item Debugging memory usage + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Predefined Names + +$ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, +input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", +$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE +EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as +C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] +- $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same +as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as +C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var, +$-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, +format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, +$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, +$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, +$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, +$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, +$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, +$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, +$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, +$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, +${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, +%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} + +=item Error Indicators + +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays + +=item Growing Your Own + +=item Access and Printing + +=item Slices + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Open E<agrave> la shell + +=over + +=item Simple Opens + +=item Pipe Opens + +=item The Minus File + +=item Mixing Reads and Writes + +=item Filters + +=back + +=item Open E<agrave> la C + +=over + +=item Permissions E<agrave> la mode + +=back + +=item Obscure Open Tricks + +=over + +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) + +=item Dispelling the Dweomer + +=item Paths as Opens + +=item Single Argument Open + +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT + +=back + +=item Other I/O Issues + +=over + +=item Opening Non-File Files + +=item Binary Files + +=item File Locking + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Part 1: The basics + +=over + +=item Simple word matching + +=item Using character classes + +\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and +represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and +represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character +but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace +character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character +[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//): +Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> +matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the +end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a +single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^> +matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the +end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set +of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and +C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I<any> line within the +string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line, +but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. +C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I<any> +line within the string + +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first +alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far +so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end. +So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first +group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll +and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the +second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in +the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one +character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd' +matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at +the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the +string "abcde" + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., +any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least +once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times, +C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n> +times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the +earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation +C<a|b|c...>, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole +regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers +C<?>, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string +as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If +there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier, +if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing +the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any, +will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as +possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until +all the regexp elements are satisfied, C<a??> = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try +0 first, then 1, C<a*?> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of +times, but as few times as possible, C<a+?> = match 'a' 1 or more times, +i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C<a{n,m}?> = match at +least C<n> times, not more than C<m> times, as few times as possible, +C<a{n,}?> = match at least C<n> times, but as few times as possible, +C<a{n}?> = match exactly C<n> times. Because we match exactly C<n> times, +C<a{n}?> is equivalent to C<a{n}> and is just there for notational +consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp, +the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much +(little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to +match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try +to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as +possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until +all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the +string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole +string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match +the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp +element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so +backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5 +Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string +and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done! + +=item Building a regexp + +specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller +parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,, +and optimizing the final combined regexp + +=item Using regular expressions in Perl + +=back + +=item Part 2: Power tools + +=over + +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes + +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions + +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression + +=item Non-capturing groupings + +=item Looking ahead and looking behind + +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking + +=item Conditional expressions + +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression + +=item Pragmas and debugging + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=over + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures + +=over + +=item NOTE + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=item Symbolic references + +=item Not-so-symbolic references + +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash + +=item Function Templates + +=back + +=item WARNING + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +i, m, s, x + +=over + +=item Regular Expressions + +cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit + +=item Extended Patterns + +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> + +=item Backtracking + +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions + +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 + +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring + +=item Combining pieces together + +C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>, +C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> + +=item Creating custom RE engines + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlform - Perl formats + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Format Variables + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=over + +=item Footers + +=item Accessing Formatting Internals + +=back + +=item WARNINGS + +=back + +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES + +=item USING LOCALES + +=over + +=item The use locale pragma + +=item The setlocale function + +=item Finding locales + +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS + +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration + +=item Fixing system locale configuration + +=item The localeconv function + +=back + +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES + +=over + +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation + +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types + +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting + +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts + +=item LC_TIME + +=item Other categories + +=back + +=item SECURITY + +B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):, +B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), +B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):, +B<Output formatting functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping +functions> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent +functions> (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX +character class tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(), +islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()): + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG + +=item NOTES + +=over + +=item Backward compatibility + +=item I18N:Collate obsolete + +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts + +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC + +=item Freely available locale definitions + +=item I18n and l10n + +=item An imperfect standard + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=over + +=item Broken systems + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Important Caveat + +Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed +to enable a few features + +=item Byte and Character semantics + +=item Effects of character semantics + +=item Character encodings for input and output + +=back + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Signals + +=item Named Pipes + +=over + +=item WARNING + +=back + +=item Using open() for IPC + +=over + +=item Filehandles + +=item Background Processes + +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent + +=item Safe Pipe Opens + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself + +=back + +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication + +=over + +=item Internet Line Terminators + +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers + +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers + +=back + +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket + +=over + +=item A Simple Client + +C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort> + +=item A Webget Client + +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket + +=back + +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket + +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse + +=item UDP: Message Passing + +=item SysV IPC + +=item NOTES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes + +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets + +=item Resource limits + +=item Killing the parent process + +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes + +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS + +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Storing numbers + +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions + +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations + +Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except, +C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use +integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? + +=item Threaded Program Models + +=over + +=item Boss/Worker + +=item Work Crew + +=item Pipeline + +=back + +=item Native threads + +=item What kind of threads are perl threads? + +=item Threadsafe Modules + +=item Thread Basics + +=over + +=item Basic Thread Support + +=item Creating Threads + +=item Giving up control + +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit + +=item Errors In Threads + +=item Ignoring A Thread + +=back + +=item Threads And Data + +=over + +=item Shared And Unshared Data + +=item Thread Pitfall: Races + +=item Controlling access: lock() + +=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks + +=item Queues: Passing Data Around + +=back + +=item Threads And Code + +=over + +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access + +Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores + +=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines + +=item Subroutine Locks + +=item Methods + +=item Locking A Subroutine + +=back + +=item General Thread Utility Routines + +=over + +=item What Thread Am I In? + +=item Thread IDs + +=item Are These Threads The Same? + +=item What Threads Are Running? + +=back + +=item A Complete Example + +=item Conclusion + +=item Bibliography + +=over + +=item Introductory Texts + +=item OS-Related References + +=item Other References + +=back + +=item Acknowledgements + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights + +=back + +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is> +portable + +=item ISSUES + +=over + +=item Newlines + +=item Numbers endianness and Width + +=item Files and Filesystems + +=item System Interaction + +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) + +=item External Subroutines (XS) + +=item Standard Modules + +=item Time and Date + +=item Character sets and character encoding + +=item Internationalisation + +=item System Resources + +=item Security + +=item Style + +=back + +=item CPAN Testers + +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ + +=item PLATFORMS + +=over + +=item Unix + +=item DOS and Derivatives + +Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2> + +=item S<Mac OS> + +=item VMS + +=item VOS + +=item EBCDIC Platforms + +=item Acorn RISC OS + +=item Other perls + +=back + +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS + +=over + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +-I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode +FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt +PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec +LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, +getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, +getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, +getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, +setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, +setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, +endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, +ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, +lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, +open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, +select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, +symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS + +=back + +=item CHANGES + +v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, +v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May +1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December +1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August +1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, +v1.23, 10 July 1998 + +=item Supported Platforms + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS + +=item VERSION + +=back + +=head2 perlsec - Perl security + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data + +=item Switches On the "#!" Line + +=item Cleaning Up Your Path + +=item Security Bugs + +=item Protecting Your Programs + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item If we could talk to the animals... + +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow + +=item Invoking a barnyard + +=item The extra parameter of method invocation + +=item Calling a second method to simplify things + +=item Inheriting the windpipes + +=item A few notes about @ISA + +=item Overriding the methods + +=item Starting the search from a different place + +=item The SUPER way of doing things + +=item Where we're at so far... + +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? + +=item Invoking an instance method + +=item Accessing the instance data + +=item How to build a horse + +=item Inheriting the constructor + +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances + +=item Adding parameters to a method + +=item More interesting instances + +=item A horse of a different color + +=item Summary + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Creating a Class + +=over + +=item Object Representation + +=item Class Interface + +=item Constructors and Instance Methods + +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors + +=item Destructors + +=item Other Object Methods + +=back + +=item Class Data + +=over + +=item Accessing Class Data + +=item Debugging Methods + +=item Class Destructors + +=item Documenting the Interface + +=back + +=item Aggregation + +=item Inheritance + +=over + +=item Overridden Methods + +=item Multiple Inheritance + +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects + +=back + +=item Alternate Object Representations + +=over + +=item Arrays as Objects + +=item Closures as Objects + +=back + +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods + +=over + +=item Autoloaded Data Methods + +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods + +=back + +=item Metaclassical Tools + +=over + +=item Class::Struct + +=item Data Members as Variables + +=item NOTES + +=item Object Terminology + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=over + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Class Data as Package Variables + +=over + +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket + +=item Inheritance Concerns + +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object + +=item Indirect References to Class Data + +=item Monadic Classes + +=item Translucent Attributes + +=back + +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables + +=over + +=item Privacy and Responsibility + +=item File-Scoped Lexicals + +=item More Inheritance Concerns + +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key + +=item Translucency Revisited + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item An Object is Simply a Reference + +=item A Class is Simply a Package + +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine + +=item Method Invocation + +=item WARNING + +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) + +=item Destructors + +=item Summary + +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OO SCALING TIPS + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE + +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS + +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS + +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM + +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE + +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT + +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR + +=item DELEGATION + +=back + +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Tying Scalars + +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this + +=item Tying Arrays + +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +DESTROY this + +=item Tying Hashes + +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this + +=item Tying FileHandles + +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this + +=item The C<untie> Gotcha + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Packages + +=item Symbol Tables + +=item Package Constructors and Destructors + +=item Perl Classes + +=item Perl Modules + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY + +=over + +=item Pragmatic Modules + +attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, +diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, +overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings + +=item Standard Modules + +AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, +B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, +CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, +CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, +Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, +English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, +ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, +ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, +ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, +ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, +ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, +File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, +File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, +File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, +File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, +I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, +Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, +Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Termcap, +Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, +Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, +Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, +Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, +Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, +UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent + +=item Extension Modules + +=back + +=item CPAN + +Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating +System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess +Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, +User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, +File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String +Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, +Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, +Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, +World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, +Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, +and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and +exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, +Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, +North America, South America + +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse + +=over + +=item Guidelines for Module Creation + +Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new +module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select +what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, +README and other Additional Files, A description of the +module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites +- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to +Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, +especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in +the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a +version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take +care when changing a released module + +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules + +There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, +Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, +Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' +to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes + +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code + +Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many +applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the +reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity +to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' +can then be reduced to a small + +=back + +=item NOTE + +=back + +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PREAMBLE + +B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module + +=back + +=item HEY + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Warning + +=item What should I make into a module? + +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground + +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again + +=item Step-by-step: Making the module + +Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use +L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old +documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README + +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module + +Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) @@ -600,7 +2792,7 @@ the tag =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? -a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true +a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted: (this assumes all true values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive @@ -1129,633 +3321,570 @@ CGI script to do bad things? =back -=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Core Enhancements - =over -=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency - -=item Lexically scoped warning categories +=item Layout -=item Unicode and UTF-8 support +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref -=item Support for interpolating named characters +=back -=item "our" declarations +=item Using The Back Ends -=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals +=over -=item Improved Perl version numbering system +=item The Cross Referencing Back End -=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes +i, &, s, r -=item File and directory handles can be autovivified +=item The Decompiling Back End -=item open() with more than two arguments +=item The Lint Back End -=item 64-bit support +=item The Simple C Back End -=item Large file support +=item The Bytecode Back End -=item Long doubles +=item The Optimized C Back End -=item "more bits" +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, +B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref -=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines +=back -=item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item File globbing implemented internally +=item AUTHOR -Support for CHECK blocks +=back -=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program -Better pseudo-random number generator +=over -=item Improved C<qw//> operator +=item DESCRIPTION -Better worst-case behavior of hashes +=over -=item pack() format 'Z' supported +=item PREAMBLE -=item pack() format modifier '!' supported +B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from +Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?> -=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings +=item ROADMAP -=item Comments in pack() templates +=item Compiling your C program -=item Weak references +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program -=item Binary numbers supported +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program -=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program -=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program -=item exists() is supported on subroutine names +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter -=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances -=item Pseudo-hashes work better +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program -=item Automatic flushing of output buffers +=back -=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations +=item Embedding Perl under Windows -=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle +=item MORAL -=item eof() has the same old magic as <> +=item AUTHOR -=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes +=item COPYRIGHT -=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" +=back -=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging -=item Improved diagnostics +=over -=item Diagnostics follow STDERR +=item DESCRIPTION -More consistent close-on-exec behavior +=item Debugger Internals -=item syswrite() ease-of-use +=over -=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators +=item Writing Your Own Debugger -=item Bit operators support full native integer width +=back -=item Improved security features +=item Frame Listing Output Examples -More functional bareword prototype (*) +=item Debugging regular expressions -=item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden +=over -=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character +=item Compile-time output -=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch +C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at> +I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass> +I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>, +C<anchored(TYPE)> -=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string +=item Types of nodes -=item Optional Y2K warnings +=item Run-time output =back -=item Modules and Pragmata +=item Debugging Perl memory usage =over -=item Modules +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> -attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, -DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, -Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, -File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, -Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, -podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, -pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, -Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters +C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk(): +SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail: +6144> -=item Pragmata +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch + +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> + +=item B<-DL> details + +C<!!!>, C<!!>, C<!> + +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics =back -=item Utility Changes +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs =over -=item dprofpp +=item DESCRIPTION -=item find2perl +=item SPECIAL NOTES -=item h2xs +=over -=item perlcc +=item make -=item perldoc +=item Version caveat -=item The Perl Debugger +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading =back -=item Improved Documentation +=item TUTORIAL -perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, -perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, -perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, -perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod +=over -=item Performance enhancements +=item EXAMPLE 1 -=over +=item EXAMPLE 2 -=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized +=item What has gone on? -=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables +=item Writing good test scripts -=item Faster subroutine calls +=item EXAMPLE 3 -delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster +=item What's new here? -=back +=item Input and Output Parameters -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements +=item The XSUBPP Program -=over +=item The TYPEMAP file -=item -Dusethreads means something different +=item Warning about Output Arguments -=item New Configure flags +=item EXAMPLE 4 -=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring +=item What has happened here? -=item Long Doubles +=item Anatomy of .xs file -=item -Dusemorebits +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs -=item -Duselargefiles +=item More about XSUB arguments -=item installusrbinperl +=item The Argument Stack -=item SOCKS support +=item Extending your Extension -=item C<-A> flag +=item Documenting your Extension -=item Enhanced Installation Directories +=item Installing your Extension -=back +=item EXAMPLE 5 -=item Platform specific changes +=item New Things in this Example -=over +=item EXAMPLE 6 -=item Supported platforms +=item New Things in this Example -=item DOS +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) -=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) -=item VMS +=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) -=item Win32 +=item Troubleshooting these Examples =back -=item Significant bug fixes +=item See also + +=item Author =over -=item <HANDLE> on empty files +=item Last Changed -=item C<eval '...'> improvements +=back -=item All compilation errors are true errors +=back -=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual -=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent +=over -=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> +=item DESCRIPTION -=item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD +=over -=item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer> +=item Introduction -=item Failures in DESTROY() +=item On The Road -=item Locale bugs fixed +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB -=item Memory leaks +=item The Argument Stack -=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls +=item The RETVAL Variable -=item Taint failures under C<-U> +=item The MODULE Keyword -=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch +=item The PACKAGE Keyword -=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles +=item The PREFIX Keyword -=back +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword -=item New or Changed Diagnostics +=item The CODE: Keyword -"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet -implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, -/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed -by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape -\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class -passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too -early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s -argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a -subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: -%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled -substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, -Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector -size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check -filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", -Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, -Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't -remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't -weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class -syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, -constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, -defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean -"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective -%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for -output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires -explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, -Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: -|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal -number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: -%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid -separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in -subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs -returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing -%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", -No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", -No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time -is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, -panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing -around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use -"sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count -in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed -memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, -Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not -implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl -can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown -open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, -Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter -in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute -parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute -list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant -number +=item The INIT: Keyword -=item New tests +=item The NO_INIT Keyword -=item Incompatible Changes +=item Initializing Function Parameters -=over +=item Default Parameter Values -=item Perl Source Incompatibilities +=item The PREINIT: Keyword -CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed +=item The SCOPE: Keyword -=item Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different +=item The INPUT: Keyword -Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed -pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, -C<undef> fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe -and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, -delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, -vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic -output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves -like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists -=item Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword -=item More builtins taint their results +=item The PPCODE: Keyword -=item C Source Incompatibilities +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists -C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC> +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword -=item Compatible C Source API Changes +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword -C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION> +=item The BOOT: Keyword -=item Binary Incompatibilities +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword -=back +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword -=item Known Problems +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword -=over +=item The ALIAS: Keyword -=item Thread test failures +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword -=item EBCDIC platforms not supported +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword -=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword -=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure +=item The CASE: Keyword -=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with -gcc +=item The & Unary Operator -=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run +=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives -=item Arrow operator and arrays +=item Using XS With C++ -=item Windows 2000 +=item Interface Strategy -=item Experimental features +=item Perl Objects And C Structures -Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The -pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file -globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> -and C<(??{ code })> +=item The Typemap =back -=item Obsolete Diagnostics - -Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed -logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s, -regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated - -=item Reporting Bugs +=item EXAMPLES -=item SEE ALSO +=item XS VERSION -=item HISTORY +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API =over =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Variables -=item Variable names +=over -=item Context +=item Datatypes -=item Scalar values +=item What is an "IV"? -=item Scalar value constructors +=item Working with SVs -=item List value constructors +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? -=item Slices +=item Working with AVs -=item Typeglobs and Filehandles +=item Working with HVs -=back +=item Hash API Extensions -=item SEE ALSO +=item References -=back +=item Blessed References and Class Objects -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=item Creating New Variables -=over +=item Reference Counts and Mortality -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Stashes and Globs -=over +=item Double-Typed SVs -=item Declarations +=item Magic Variables -=item Simple statements +=item Assigning Magic -=item Compound statements +=item Magic Virtual Tables -=item Loop Control +=item Finding Magic -=item For Loops +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays -=item Foreach Loops +=item Localizing changes -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>, +C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP +*op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char +*key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void +*p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, +C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV +*gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 +maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, +C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)> -=item Goto +=back -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=item Subroutines -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=over -=back +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack -=back +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=item Memory Allocation -=over +=item PerlIO -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Scratchpads -=over +=item Scratchpads and recursion -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=back -=item The Arrow Operator +=item Compiled code -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=over -=item Exponentiation +=item Code tree -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=item Examining the tree -=item Binding Operators +=item Compile pass 1: check routines -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding -=item Additive Operators +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation -=item Shift Operators +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization -=item Named Unary Operators +=back -=item Relational Operators +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported -=item Equality Operators +=over -=item Bitwise And +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item How do I use all this in extensions? -=item C-style Logical And +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS -=item C-style Logical Or +=back -=item Range Operators +=item Internal Functions -=item Conditional Operator +A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x -=item Assignment Operators +=over -=item Comma Operator +=item Source Documentation -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=back -=item Logical Not +=item Unicode Support -=item Logical And +=over -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item What B<is> Unicode, anyway? -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? -=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +=item How do I convert a string to UTF8? -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC +=item Is there anything else I need to know? -=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs +=back -Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, -C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">, -C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>, -C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of -regular expressions +=item AUTHORS -=item I/O Operators +=item SEE ALSO -=item Constant Folding +=back -=item Bitwise String Operators +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C -=item Integer Arithmetic +=over -=item Floating-point Arithmetic +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Bigger Numbers +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program -=back +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS -=back +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=item FLAG VALUES =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item G_VOID -i, m, s, x +=item G_SCALAR -=over +=item G_ARRAY -=item Regular Expressions +=item G_DISCARD -cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit +=item G_NOARGS -=item Extended Patterns +=item G_EVAL -C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, -C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{ -code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> +=item G_KEEPERR -=item Backtracking +=item Determining the Context -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=back -=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring +=item EXAMPLES -=item Combining pieces together +=over -C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>, -C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, -C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned -=item Creating custom RE engines +=item Passing Parameters -=back +=item Returning a Scalar -=item BUGS +=item Returning a list of values -=item SEE ALSO +=item Returning a list in a scalar context -=back +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=item Using G_EVAL -=over +=item Using G_KEEPERR -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Using call_sv -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Using call_argv -=over +=item Using call_method -=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems +=item Using GIMME_V -OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries -=item Location of Perl +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information -=item Command Switches +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback -B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, -B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, -B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>], -B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, -B<-x> I<directory> +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation + +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C =back -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item SEE ALSO -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL -(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE =back -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution =over @@ -1763,151 +3892,61 @@ HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL =over -=item Perl Functions by Category +=item DOCUMENTATION -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 +L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>, +L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>, +L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>, +L<roffitall|roffitall> -=item Portability +=item CONVERTORS -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl> -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, -bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, -chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, -chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, -connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, -dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete -EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, -each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, -exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, -fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, -getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam -NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname -NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent -STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, -endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, -getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, -goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, -import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, -last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, -link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, -lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK -LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl -ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd -ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module -LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open -FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack -TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop -ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, -printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, -push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, -quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir -DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv -SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename -OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, -return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex -STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar -EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select -FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl -ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, -sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, -splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split -/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, -sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, -study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr -EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr -EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek -FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie -VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, -ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack -TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, -use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, -values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn -LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +=item Development + +L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>, +L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc> + +=item SEE ALSO =back =back -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters =over =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item CONCEPTS -=item Predefined Names +=item USING FILTERS -$ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number -HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE -EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", -$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE -EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0]>), -C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]>), C<$'> is the -same as C<substr($var, $+[0]>), C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], -$+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - -$-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]>), -format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, -$ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, -$$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, -$GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], -$COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, -$INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, -0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, -$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, -$WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, -$^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER -=item Error Indicators +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C -=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names +B<Decryption Filters> -=back +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE -=item BUGS +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL + +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER + +=item CONCLUSION + +=item REQUIREMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights =back -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters =over @@ -1915,1472 +3954,1528 @@ $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item Private Variables via my() +B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>, +B<filter_fetch_value> -=item Persistent Private Variables +=over -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item The Filter -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. -=item When to Still Use local() +=back -1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. -You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. -You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash +=item SEE ALSO -=item Pass by Reference +=item AUTHOR -=item Prototypes +=back -=item Constant Functions +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API -=item Overriding Built-in Functions +=over -=item Autoloading +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Subroutine Attributes +AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, +av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, +bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, +croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, +eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, +get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, +gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, +G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, +HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, +hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, +hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, +hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, +isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, +MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, +mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, +NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, +newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, +ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, +perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, +PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, +PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, +require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, +strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, +SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, +SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, +SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, +SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, +SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, +SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, +SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, +SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, +SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, +sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, +sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, +sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, +sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, +sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, +sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, +sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, +sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, +sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, +sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, +sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, warn, XPUSHi, +XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, +XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, +XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, +XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero -=back +=item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal> + Perl functions =over =item DESCRIPTION +is_gv_magical + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. + =over -=item Packages +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Symbol Tables +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, +B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, +B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>, +B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>, +B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>, +B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>, +B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>, +B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, +B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>, +B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()> -=item Perl Classes +=over -=item Perl Modules +=item Co-existence with stdio -=back +B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>, +B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>, +B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>, +B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, +B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, +B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)> -=item SEE ALSO +=back =back -=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item Infrastructure =over -=item Pragmatic Modules +=item Mailing list archives -attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, caller, charnames, constant, -diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, -re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings +=item Bug tracking system -=item Standard Modules +=item Regression Tests -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, -B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, -CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, -CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, -Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, -Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, -Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, -ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, -ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, -ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, -ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, -File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob, -File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, -File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, -File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, -Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, -IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, -IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, -IPC::SysV, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, -Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, -Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Checker, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, -Pod::Parser, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Usage, -SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, -Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, -Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, -Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, -Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, -Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent - -=item Extension Modules +Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to +perl5 =back -=item CPAN - -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating -System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess -Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, -User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, -File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String -Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, -Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, -Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, -World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, -Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, -and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and -exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, -Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, -North America, South America - -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=item Configure =over -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=item Install HTML -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select -what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, -README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites -- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to -Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, -especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in -the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a -version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take -care when changing a released module +=back -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item Perl Language -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, -Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' -to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=over -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item our ($var) -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the -reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity -to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' -can then be reduced to a small +=item 64-bit Perl -=back +=item Prototypes -=item NOTE +Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs =back -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=item Perl Internals =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item magic_setisa -=over +=item Garbage Collection -=item PREAMBLE +=item Reliable signals -B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module +Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed +sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN -=back +=item Interpolated regex performance bugs -=item HEY +=item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp -=item AUTHOR +=item Make XS easier to use -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Make embedded Perl easier to use -=back +=item Namespace cleanup -=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation +=item MULTIPLICITY -=over +=item MacPerl -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Documentation =over -=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +=item A clear division into tutorial and reference -$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept -filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to -files, directories and network sockets +=item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions -=item Resource limits +=item More tutorials -=item Killing the parent process +Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging -=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item Include a search tool -=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS +=item Include a locate tool -BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, -Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger -application, Thread-safety of extensions +=item Separate function manpages by default -=back +=item Users can't find the manpages -=item BUGS +=item Install ALL Documentation -=item AUTHOR +=item Outstanding issues to be documented -=item SEE ALSO +=item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl + +=item Replace man with a perl program + +=item Unicode tutorial =back -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=item Modules =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2 -=over +=item Module versions -=item Format Variables +=item New modules -=back +=item Profiler -=item NOTES +=item Tie Modules -=over +VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice -=item Footers +=item Procedural options -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item RPC -=back +=item y2k localtime/gmtime -=item WARNINGS +=item Export File::Find variables -=back +=item Ioctl -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=item Debugger attach/detach -=over +=item Regular Expression debugger -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Alternative RE Syntax -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=item Bundled modules -=item USING LOCALES +=item Expect -=over +=item GUI::Native -=item The use locale pragma +=item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc. -=item The setlocale function +=item POD Converters -=item Finding locales +=item pod2html -=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=item Podchecker -=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=back -=item Permanently fixing locale problems +=item Tom's Wishes -=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration +=over -=item Fixing system locale configuration +=item Webperl -=item The localeconv function +=item Mobile agents + +=item POSIX on non-POSIX + +=item Portable installations =back -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item Win32 Stuff =over -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item Sort out the spawnvp() mess -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item Work out DLL versioning -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item Style-check -=item LC_TIME +=back -=item Other categories +=item Would be nice to have -=back +C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled +perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format +BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input +should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun +debugger, lvalue functions -=item SECURITY +=item Possible pragmas -B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):, -B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), -B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):, -B<Output formatting functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping -functions> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent -functions> (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX -character class tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), -islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), -isxdigit()): +=over -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item 'less' -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, -LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +=back -=item NOTES +=item Optimizations =over -=item Backward compatibility +=item constant function cache -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=item foreach(reverse...) -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item Cache eval tree -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item rcatmaybe -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item Shrink opcode tables -=item I18n and l10n +=item Cache hash value -=item An imperfect standard +=item Optimize away @_ where possible + +=item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b } + +=item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization =back -=item BUGS +=item Vague possibilities + +ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?, +Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real +threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al + +=item To Do Or Not To Do =over -=item Broken systems +=item Making my() work on "package" variables -=back +=item "or" testing defined not truth -=item SEE ALSO +=item "dynamic" lexicals -=item HISTORY +=item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals" =back -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=item Threading =over -=item NOTE - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Modules -=over +=item Testing -=item Making References +=item $AUTOLOAD -=item Using References +=item exit/die -=item Symbolic references +=item External threads -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item Thread::Pool -=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item thread-safety -=item Function Templates +=item Per-thread GVs =back -=item WARNING +=item Compiler -=item SEE ALSO +=over -=back +=item Optimization -=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references +=item Byteperl -=over +=item Precompiled modules -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Executables -=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? +=item Typed lexicals -=item The Solution +=item Win32 -=item Syntax +=item END blocks -=over +=item _AUTOLOAD -=item Making References +=item comppadlist -=item Using References +=item Cached compilation =back -=item An Example +=item Recently Finished Tasks -=item Arrow Rule +=over -=item Solution +=item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter) -=item The Rest +=item Filenames -=item Summary +=item Foreign lines -=item Credits +=item Namespace cleanup -=over +=item ISA.pm -=item Distribution Conditions +=item gettimeofday + +=item autocroak? =back =back -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals =over =item DESCRIPTION -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs +Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the +implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is +the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does +it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is +the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough +documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much +work?, Patches speak louder than words, L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and +L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>, F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ -=item REFERENCES +=over -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item Finding Your Way Around -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict> +=item Elements of the interpreter -=item DEBUGGING +Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item Internal Variable Types -=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS +=item Op Trees -=over +=item Stacks -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Millions of Macros -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Poking at Perl -=back +=item Using a source-level debugger -=item HASHES OF ARRAYS +run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, +finish, print -=over +=item Dumping Perl Data Structures -=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Patching -=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item CONCLUSION -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS +I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.> =back -=item ARRAYS OF HASHES +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records =over -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item INTRODUCTION -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN + +=over + +=item PUMPKIN? =back -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=item THE RECORDS =over -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=back + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS =back -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.8.0 =over -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Core Enhancements -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Modules and Pragmata -=back +=item Utility Changes -=item Database Ties +=item Improved Documentation -=item SEE ALSO +=item Performance enhancements -=item AUTHOR +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements + +=over + +=item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working =back -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl +=item Platform specific changes -=over +=item Significant bug fixes -=item DESCRIPTION +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays +(perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?), Ambiguous range in transliteration +operator -=item Growing Your Own +=item New tests -=item Access and Printing +=item Incompatible Changes -=item Slices +=item Known Problems + +=item Obsolete Diagnostics + +=item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial +=head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 =over =item DESCRIPTION +=item Core Enhancements + =over -=item If we could talk to the animals... +=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency -=item Introducing the method invocation arrow +=item Lexically scoped warning categories -=item Invoking a barnyard +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support -=item The extra parameter of method invocation +=item Support for interpolating named characters -=item Calling a second method to simplify things +=item "our" declarations -=item Inheriting the windpipes +=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals -=item A few notes about @ISA +=item Improved Perl version numbering system -=item Overriding the methods +=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes -=item Starting the search from a different place +=item File and directory handles can be autovivified -=item The SUPER way of doing things +=item open() with more than two arguments -=item Where we're at so far... +=item 64-bit support -=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? +=item Large file support -=item Invoking an instance method +=item Long doubles -=item Accessing the instance data +=item "more bits" -=item How to build a horse +=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines -=item Inheriting the constructor +=item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed -=item Making a method work with either classes or instances +=item File globbing implemented internally -=item Adding parameters to a method +=item Support for CHECK blocks -=item More interesting instances +=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported -=item A horse of a different color +=item Better pseudo-random number generator -=item Summary +=item Improved C<qw//> operator -=back +=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes -=item SEE ALSO +=item pack() format 'Z' supported -=item COPYRIGHT +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported -=back +=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item Comments in pack() templates -=over +=item Weak references -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Binary numbers supported -=item Creating a Class +=item Lvalue subroutines -=over +=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references -=item Object Representation +=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues -=item Class Interface +=item exists() is supported on subroutine names -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=item Pseudo-hashes work better -=item Destructors +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers -=item Other Object Methods +=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations -=back +=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle -=item Class Data +=item eof() has the same old magic as <> -=over +=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes -=item Accessing Class Data +=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" -=item Debugging Methods +=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure -=item Class Destructors +=item Improved diagnostics -=item Documenting the Interface +=item Diagnostics follow STDERR -=back +=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior -=item Aggregation +=item syswrite() ease-of-use -=item Inheritance +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators -=over +=item Bit operators support full native integer width -=item Overridden Methods +=item Improved security features -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item More functional bareword prototype (*) -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden -=back +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character -=item Alternate Object Representations +=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch -=over +=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string -=item Arrays as Objects +=item Optional Y2K warnings -=item Closures as Objects +=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings =back -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=item Modules and Pragmata =over -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item Modules -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, +DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, +Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, +podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, +pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, +Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters + +=item Pragmata =back -=item Metaclassical Tools +=item Utility Changes =over -=item Class::Struct +=item dprofpp -=item Data Members as Variables +=item find2perl -=item NOTES +=item h2xs -=item Object Terminology +=item perlcc + +=item perldoc + +=item The Perl Debugger =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Improved Documentation -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, +perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, +perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, +perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Performance enhancements =over -=item Acknowledgments - -=back +=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized -=back +=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables -=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=item Faster subroutine calls -=over +=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item Class Data as Package Variables +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket - -=item Inheritance Concerns - -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object +=item -Dusethreads means something different -=item Indirect References to Class Data +=item New Configure flags -=item Monadic Classes +=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring -=item Translucent Attributes +=item Long Doubles -=back +=item -Dusemorebits -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables +=item -Duselargefiles -=over +=item installusrbinperl -=item Privacy and Responsibility +=item SOCKS support -=item File-Scoped Lexicals +=item C<-A> flag -=item More Inheritance Concerns +=item Enhanced Installation Directories -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key +=back -=item Translucency Revisited +=item Platform specific changes -=back +=over -=item NOTES +=item Supported platforms -=item SEE ALSO +=item DOS -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=item VMS -=item HISTORY +=item Win32 =back -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=item Significant bug fixes =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item <HANDLE> on empty files -=over +=item C<eval '...'> improvements -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item All compilation errors are true errors -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent -=item Method Invocation +=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> -=item WARNING +=item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer> -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +=item Failures in DESTROY() -=item Destructors +=item Locale bugs fixed -=item Summary +=item Memory leaks -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls -=back +=item Taint failures under C<-U> -=item SEE ALSO +=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch + +=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles =back -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=over +"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet +implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, +/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed +by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape +\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class +passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too +early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s +argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a +subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: +%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled +substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, +Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector +size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", +Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, +Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't +remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't +weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class +syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, +constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, +defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean +"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective +%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for +output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires +explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, +Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: +|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal +number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: +%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid +separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in +subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs +returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing +%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", +No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", +No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time +is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, +panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing +around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, +Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" +instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, +Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, +Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on +zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This +Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL +environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode +'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized +escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute +list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in +subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of +CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number -=item SYNOPSIS +=item New tests -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Incompatible Changes =over -=item Tying Scalars - -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this - -=item Tying Arrays +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, +Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form +C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number +generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on +read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, +Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and +C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) +enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, +C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, +Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit +operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their +results -=item Tying Hashes +=item C Source Incompatibilities -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC> -=item Tying FileHandles +=item Compatible C Source API Changes -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, -LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this +C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION> -=item The C<untie> Gotcha +=item Binary Incompatibilities =back -=item SEE ALSO - -=item BUGS +=item Known Problems -=item AUTHOR +=over -=back +=item Thread test failures -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=item EBCDIC platforms not supported -=over +=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang -=item DESCRIPTION +=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with +gcc -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item Arrow operator and arrays -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item Experimental features -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The +pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> +and C<(??{ code })> -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=back -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed +logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as +\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" +to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item Reporting Bugs -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item SEE ALSO -=item DELEGATION +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Signals +=item About the new versioning system -=item Named Pipes +=item Incompatible Changes =over -=item WARNING +=item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. -=back - -=item Using open() for IPC +=item Default installation structure has changed -=over +=item Perl Source Compatibility -=item Filehandles +=item C Source Compatibility -=item Background Processes +Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must +now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source +compatibility issues -=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +=item Binary Compatibility -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=item Security fixes may affect compatibility -=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 -=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself +=item Licensing =back -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=item Core Changes =over -=item Internet Line Terminators +=item Threads -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item Compiler -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item Regular Expressions -=back +Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression +constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other +improvements, Incompatible changes -=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket +=item Improved malloc() -=over +=item Quicksort is internally implemented -=item A Simple Client +=item Reliable signals -C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort> +=item Reliable stack pointers -=item A Webget Client +=item More generous treatment of carriage returns -=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=item Memory leaks -=back +=item Better support for multiple interpreters -=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket +=item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined -Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse +=item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item Pseudo-hashes are supported -=item SysV IPC +=item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported -=item NOTES +=item Keywords can be globally overridden -=item BUGS +=item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32 -=item AUTHOR +=item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized -=item SEE ALSO +=item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name -=back +=item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package -=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters +=item Better locale support -=over +=item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms -=item SYNOPSIS +=item prototype() returns useful results on builtins -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Extended support for exception handling -B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>, -B<filter_fetch_value> +=item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods -=over +=item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally -=item The Filter +=item New C<INIT> keyword -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=item New C<lock> keyword -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +=item New C<qr//> operator -=back +=item C<our> is now a reserved word -=item SEE ALSO +=item Tied arrays are now fully supported -=item AUTHOR +=item Tied handles support is better -=back +=item 4th argument to substr -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=item Negative LENGTH argument to splice -=over +=item Magic lvalues are now more magical -=item DESCRIPTION +=item <> now reads in records -=item The Perl Debugger +=back + +=item Supported Platforms =over -=item Debugger Commands +=item New Platforms -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n -[expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, --, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, -b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname -[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] -command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O -option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> -command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! -cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] +=item Changes in existing support -=item Configurable Options +=back -C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, -C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, -C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, -C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, -C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, -C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop> +=item Modules and Pragmata -=item Debugger input/output +=over -Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame -listing +=item New Modules -=item Debugging compile-time statements +B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, +ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Thread, attrs, fields, re -=item Debugger Customization +=item Changes in existing modules -=item Readline Support +Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, +MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=back -=item The Perl Profiler +=item Utility Changes -=back +=item Documentation Changes + +=item New Diagnostics + +Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index +while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent +package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't +goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, +Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber +for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character +class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in +insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: +Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming +package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such +field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously +large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance +detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found +where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use +of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item Debugging memory usage +Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open +temporary file, regexp too big -=item SEE ALSO +=item Configuration Changes =item BUGS +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + =back -=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl +=head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 =over -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION -=item Storing numbers +=item Supported Environments -=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions +=item Core Changes -=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations +=over -Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except, -C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use -integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a -string +=item List assignment to %ENV works -=item AUTHOR +=item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC -=item SEE ALSO +=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 -=back +=item $PERL5OPT environment variable -=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging +=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options -=over +=item More precise warnings -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods -=item Debugger Internals +=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable -=over +=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified -=item Writing Your Own Debugger +=item Group vector changeable with C<$)> -=back +=item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc. -=item Frame Listing Output Examples +=item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc. -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item No resetting of $. on implicit close -=over +=item C<wantarray> may return undef -=item Compile-time output +=item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context -C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at> -I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass> -I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>, -C<anchored(TYPE)> +=item Changes to tainting checks -=item Types of nodes +No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No +spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name -=item Run-time output +=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module -=back +=item Embedding improvements -=item Debugging Perl memory usage +=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes -=over +=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface -=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +=item New and changed syntax -C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk(): -SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail: -6144> +$coderef->(PARAMS) -=item Example of using B<-DL> switch +=item New and changed builtin constants -C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> +__PACKAGE__ -=item B<-DL> details +=item New and changed builtin variables -C<!!!>, C<!!>, C<!> +$^E, $^H, $^M -=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics +=item New and changed builtin functions -=back +delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in +Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module +VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not +reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, +nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals -=item SEE ALSO +=item New builtin methods -=back +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=item TIEHANDLE now supported -=over +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this +LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Malloc enhancements -=back +-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements -=over +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Support for More Operating Systems =over -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item Win32 -=item Switches On the "#!" Line +=item Plan 9 -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=item QNX -=item Security Bugs - -=item Protecting Your Programs +=item AmigaOS =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Pragmata -=back +use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use +constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=item Modules =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Required Updates -=over +=item Installation directories -=item Awk Traps +=item Module information summary -=item C Traps +=item Fcntl -=item Sed Traps +=item IO -=item Shell Traps +=item Math::Complex -=item Perl Traps - -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps - -Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical -Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, -Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, -Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +=item Math::Trig -=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps - -Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, -Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, -Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance +=item DB_File -=item Parsing Traps +=item Net::Ping -Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing +=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators -=item Numerical Traps +=back -Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops +=item Utility Changes -=item General data type traps +=over -(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), -(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) +=item pod2html -=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts +Sends converted HTML to standard output -(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) +=item xsubpp -=item Precedence Traps +C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing -Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, -Precedence +=back -=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. +=item C Language API Changes -Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular -Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for +manipulating hashes -=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps +=item Documentation Changes -(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle +L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, +L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec> -=item OS Traps +=item New Diagnostics -(SysV), (SysV) +"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is +not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too +large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free +nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, +Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort +subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in +use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant +subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did +not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too +long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: +%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, +internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type +in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: +possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of +memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible +attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words +with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found +while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for +"B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, +Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to +mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with +defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay +shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in +prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, +PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s -=item Interpolation Traps +=item BUGS -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation +=item SEE ALSO -=item DBM Traps +=item HISTORY -DBM, DBM +=back -=item Unclassified Traps +=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS (possibly very outdated information) -C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with -LIMIT specified +=over -=back +=item SYNOPSIS =back -=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl - =over =item DESCRIPTION -Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is> -portable - -=item ISSUES - =over -=item Newlines +=item Prerequisites -=item Numbers endianness and Width +B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS> -=item Files and Filesystems +=item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS -=item System Interaction +=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS -=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file +dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask() +works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is +finally close()d -=item External Subroutines (XS) +=back -=item Standard Modules +=item INSTALLATION -=item Time and Date +=item Accessing documentation -=item Character sets and character encoding +=over -=item Internationalisation +=item Manpages -=item System Resources +=item B<HTML> -=item Security +=item B<GNU> C<info> files -=item Style +=item C<LaTeX> docs =back -=item CPAN Testers - -Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: -http://testers.cpan.org/ - -=item PLATFORMS +=item BUILD =over -=item Unix +=item Prerequisites -=item DOS and Derivatives +=item Getting the perl source -Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2> +=item Making -=item S<Mac OS> +=item Testing -=item VMS - -=item VOS - -=item EBCDIC Platforms - -=item Acorn RISC OS - -=item Other perls +=item Installing the built perl =back -=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS - -=over - -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item AUTHOR --I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode -FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec -LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, -getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, -getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, -getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, -setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, -setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, -endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, -ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, -lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, -msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, -open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, -select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget -KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, -setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, -shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, -symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, -wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item CHANGES +=head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin -v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, -v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May -1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December -1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August -1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, -v1.23, 10 July 1998 - -=item Supported Platforms - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS - -=item VERSION +=over -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=item PREREQUISITES =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) -=back +=item Cygwin Configuration -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions -=over +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item CONFIGURE =over -=item Verbatim Paragraph +=item Strip Binaries -=item Command Paragraph +=item Optional Libraries -=item Ordinary Block of Text +C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>), +C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>) -=item The Intent +=item Configure-time Options -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>, +C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles> -=item Common Pod Pitfalls - -=back - -=item SEE ALSO +=item Suspicious Warnings -=item AUTHOR +Whoa There, I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Checking how std your stdio +is.., Compiler/Preprocessor defines =back -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=item MAKE =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Warnings + +=item ld2 =back -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=item TEST =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item File Permissions -=over +=item Hard Links -=item PREAMBLE +=item Filetime Granularity -B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from -Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?> +=item Tainting Checks -=item ROADMAP +=item /etc/group -=item Compiling your C program +=item Script Portability -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=back -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=item INSTALL -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=item MANIFEST -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl +Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=item BUGS -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +=item AUTHORS -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +=item HISTORY =back -=item Embedding Perl under Win32 - -=item MORAL +=head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95. -=item AUTHOR - -=item COPYRIGHT +=over -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Prerequisites -=item DESCRIPTION +DJGPP, Pthreads -B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, -B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, -B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>, -B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>, -B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>, -B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>, -B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>, -B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, -B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>, -B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()> +=item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS -=over +=item Building -=item Co-existence with stdio +=item Testing -B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>, -B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>, -B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>, -B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, -B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, -B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)> +=item Installation =back +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix +(HP-UX) systems =over @@ -3388,522 +5483,480 @@ B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)> =over -=item Introduction +=item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX -=item On The Road +=item PA-RISC -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item PA-RISC 1.0 -=item The Argument Stack +=item PA-RISC 1.1 -=item The RETVAL Variable +=item PA-RISC 2.0 -=item The MODULE Keyword +=item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX -=item The PREFIX Keyword +=item The HP ANSI C Compiler -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item Using Large Files with Perl -=item The CODE: Keyword +=item Threaded Perl -=item The INIT: Keyword +=item 64-bit Perl -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=item GDBM and Threads -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) -=item Default Parameter Values +=item perl -P and // -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=back -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=item AUTHOR -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=item DATE -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=back -=item The C_ARGS: Keyword +=head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen +systems -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=over -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=over -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=item Failures during C<make test> -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=item Building external modules -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=back -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=item AUTHOR -=item The INTERFACE: Keyword +=item DATE -=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword +=back -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. -=item The CASE: Keyword +=over -=item The & Unary Operator +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=back -=item Using XS With C++ +=over -=item Interface Strategy +=item Target -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item Other OSes -=item The Typemap +=item Prerequisites -=back +EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh -=item EXAMPLES +=item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) -=item XS VERSION - -=item AUTHOR +=item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl =back -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs - =over -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item SPECIAL NOTES +=item Frequently asked questions =over -=item make +=item I cannot run external programs -=item Version caveat +=item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my +program. -=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading +Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use +L<ExtUtils::Embed>? + +=item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS. + +=item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file> =back -=item TUTORIAL +=item INSTALLATION =over -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item Automatic binary installation -=item EXAMPLE 2 +C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm> -=item What has gone on? +=item Manual binary installation -=item Writing good test scripts +Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable +(statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, +Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl +and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, +Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item B<Warning> -=item What's new here? +=back -=item Input and Output Parameters +=item Accessing documentation -=item The XSUBPP Program +=over -=item The TYPEMAP file +=item OS/2 F<.INF> file -=item Warning about Output Arguments +=item Plain text -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=item Manpages -=item What has happened here? +=item HTML -=item Anatomy of .xs file +=item GNU C<info> files -=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs +=item F<.PDF> files -=item More about XSUB arguments +=item C<LaTeX> docs -=item The Argument Stack +=back -=item Extending your Extension +=item BUILD -=item Documenting your Extension +=over -=item Installing your Extension +=item Prerequisites -=item EXAMPLE 5 +=item Getting perl source -=item New Things in this Example +=item Application of the patches -=item EXAMPLE 6 (Coming Soon) +=item Hand-editing -=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) +=item Making -=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) +=item Testing -=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) +A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>, +F<lib/io_pipe.t>, F<lib/io_sock.t>, F<op/stat.t>, F<lib/io_udp.t> -=item Troubleshooting these Examples +=item Installing the built perl -=back +=item C<a.out>-style build -=item See also +=back -=item Author +=item Build FAQ =over -=item Last Changed +=item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh. -=back +=item C<'errno'> - unresolved external -=back +=item Problems with tr or sed -=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API +=item Some problem (forget which ;-) -=over +=item Library ... not found -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Segfault in make -=item Variables +=back + +=item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port =over -=item Datatypes +=item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority> -=item What is an "IV"? +=item C<system()> -=item Working with SVs +=item C<extproc> on the first line -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=item Additional modules: -=item Working with AVs +=item Prebuilt methods: -=item Working with HVs +C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>, + C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>, +C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>, +C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>, +C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>, +C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )> -=item Hash API Extensions +=item Misfeatures -=item References +=item Modifications -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<flock> -=item Creating New Variables +=back -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=item Perl flavors -=item Stashes and Globs +=over -=item Double-Typed SVs +=item F<perl.exe> -=item Magic Variables +=item F<perl_.exe> -=item Assigning Magic +=item F<perl__.exe> -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item F<perl___.exe> -=item Finding Magic +=item Why strange names? -=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays +=item Why dynamic linking? -=item Localizing changes +=item Why chimera build? -C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>, -C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP -*op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char -*key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void -*p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, -C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV -*gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 -maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, -C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)> +explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|" =back -=item Subroutines +=item ENVIRONMENT =over -=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack - -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs +=item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX> -=item Memory Allocation +=item C<PERL_BADLANG> -=item PerlIO +=item C<PERL_BADFREE> -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=item C<PERL_SH_DIR> -=item Scratchpads +=item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK> -=item Scratchpads and recursion +=item C<TMP> or C<TEMP> =back -=item Compiled code +=item Evolution =over -=item Code tree +=item Priorities -=item Examining the tree +=item DLL name mangling -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=item Threading -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +=item Calls to external programs -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +=item Memory allocation -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +=item Threads + +C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c> =back -=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported +=back =over -=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT - -=item How do I use all this in extensions? - -=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS - -=back - -=item AUTHORS +=item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item DESCRIPTION -=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS +=over -call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv +=item Unpacking -=item FLAG VALUES +=item Setup and utilities -=over +=item Configure -=item G_VOID +=item Build, test, install -=item G_SCALAR +=item Usage Hints -=item G_ARRAY +=item Extensions -=item G_DISCARD +=back -=item G_NOARGS +=item AUTHORS -=item G_EVAL +=item SEE ALSO -=item G_KEEPERR +=over -=item Determining the Context +=item Mailing list =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item HISTORY -=item EXAMPLES +=back + +=head2 perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for +BS2000 POSIX. =over -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Passing Parameters +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Returning a Scalar +=over -=item Returning a list of values +=item gzip -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item bison -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item Unpacking -=item Using G_EVAL +=item Compiling -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item Testing -=item Using call_sv +=item Install -=item Using call_argv +=item Using Perl -=item Using call_method +=back -=item Using GIMME_V +=item AUTHORS -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item SEE ALSO -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=over -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item Mailing list -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=back -=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C +=item HISTORY =back -=item SEE ALSO +=head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl -=item AUTHOR +=over -=item DATE +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item Installation -=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator +=item Organization of Perl Images =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Core Images -=over +=item Perl Extensions -=item Layout +=item Installing static extensions -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref +=item Installing dynamic extensions =back -=item Using The Back Ends +=item File specifications =over -=item The Cross Referencing Back End +=item Syntax -i, &, s, r +=item Wildcard expansion -=item The Decompiling Back End +=item Pipes -=item The Lint Back End +=back -=item The Simple C Back End +=item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB -=item The Bytecode Back End +=item Command line -=item The Optimized C Back End +=over -B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, -B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, -B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref +=item I/O redirection and backgrounding -=back +=item Command line switches -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS - -=item AUTHOR +-i, -S, -u =back -=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API +=item Perl functions -=over +File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, +exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select +(system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime +LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Perl variables -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, -av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, -call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, -dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, -get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, -gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, -G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, -HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, -hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, -hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, -hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, -isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, -MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, -mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, -NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, -newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, -ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, -perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, -PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, -PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, -require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, -strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, -SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, -SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, -SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, -SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, -SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, -SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, -SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, -SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, -SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, -sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, -sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, -sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, -sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, -sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, -sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, -sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, -sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, -XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, -XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, -XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, -Zero +%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $| -=item AUTHORS +=item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences -=item SEE ALSO +=over + +=item SDBM_File =back -=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal> - Perl functions +=item Revision date -=over +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item AUTHORS +=head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32 -=item SEE ALSO +=over -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Setting Up -=item INTRODUCTION +Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN +=item Building -=over +=item Testing -=item PUMPKIN? +=item Installation -=back +=item Usage Hints -=item THE RECORDS +Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, +Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific +Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things -=over +=back -=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES +=item BUGS AND CAVEATS -=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES +=item AUTHORS -=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS +=item HISTORY =back @@ -4411,6 +6464,8 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) =back +=head2 warnings::register - warnings import function + =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs @@ -4451,6 +6506,8 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) =item Package Lexicals +=item Not Using AutoLoader + =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader> =back @@ -4849,6 +6906,8 @@ B<-u Package> =back +=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded + =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops =over @@ -4987,7 +7046,7 @@ B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES -1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample, +1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example, -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values' @@ -5026,8 +7085,8 @@ B<:standard>, B<:all> =item PRAGMAS --any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, --private_tempfiles +-any, -compile, -nosticky, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, +-no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS @@ -5074,6 +7133,11 @@ B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS +=item AUTOESCAPING HTML + +$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = +charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); + =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML =back @@ -5132,9 +7196,8 @@ B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON -B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, -and may be -TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE +B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment +type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON @@ -5164,11 +7227,11 @@ the <FORM> tag =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>, -B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script -name as a partial URL, for self-refering -scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host -()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>, -B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()> +B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script +name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type +()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_software ()>, +B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, +B<http()>, B<https()> =item USING NPH SCRIPTS @@ -5388,6 +7451,8 @@ B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()> =back +=head2 CGI::Util - various utilities + =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites =over @@ -5600,55 +7665,56 @@ C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, -C<d_endsent>, C<d_endspent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, -C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, -C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, -C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, +C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, +C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, +C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, +C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, -C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, -C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, -C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, -C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpbyname>, -C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, -C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getpwent>, -C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, -C<d_getspent>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, -C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, -C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, +C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, +C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, +C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, +C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, +C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, +C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, +C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, +C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, +C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, +C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, +C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, -C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, +C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, -C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, -C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_phostname>, -C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, -C<d_PRIEldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGldbl>, -C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIX64>, -C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, -C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, -C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, -C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, -C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, -C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, -C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, -C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, -C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setpwent>, -C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, -C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setspent>, C<d_setvbuf>, -C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, -C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, -C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>, -C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, -C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, -C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, -C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, -C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, -C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, -C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, +C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, +C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, +C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, +C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, +C<d_PRIFldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, +C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIX64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, +C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, +C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, +C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, +C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, +C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, +C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, +C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, +C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, +C<d_setprior>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, +C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, +C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, +C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, +C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_sqrtl>, +C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, +C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, +C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, +C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, +C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, +C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, +C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, @@ -5684,12 +7750,12 @@ C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, -C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, -C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, -C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, -C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, -C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, -C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, +C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, +C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, +C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, +C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, +C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, +C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, @@ -5736,7 +7802,7 @@ C<nvsize>, C<nvtype> =item o C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>, -C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers> +C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs> =item p @@ -6198,7 +8264,7 @@ variables =item DESCRIPTION -=item BUGS +=item PERFORMANCE =back @@ -7345,14 +9411,92 @@ splitdir catpath -abs2rel +=over -rel2abs +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over + +=item FUNCTIONS + +B<tempfile> + +=back + +B<tempdir> + +=over + +=item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS + +B<mkstemp> + +=back + +B<mkstemps> + +B<mkdtemp> + +B<mktemp> + +=over + +=item POSIX FUNCTIONS + +B<tmpnam> + +=back + +B<tmpfile> =over +=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS + +B<tempnam> + +=back + +=over + +=item UTILITY FUNCTIONS + +B<unlink0> + +=back + +=over + +=item PACKAGE VARIABLES + +B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH + +=back + +TopSystemUID + +=over + +=item WARNING + +=item HISTORY + =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions @@ -8188,6 +10332,39 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output =back +=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPERATIONS + +=item CREATION + +=item STRINGIFICATION + +=over + +=item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 + +=back + +=item USAGE + +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO + +=item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions =over @@ -8484,12 +10661,12 @@ rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, -strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, -strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, -tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, -tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, -ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, -wcstombs, wctomb, write +strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, +strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, +tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, +tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, +unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, +wctomb, write =item CLASSES @@ -8577,8 +10754,6 @@ Constants Constants, Macros -=item CREATION - =back =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors @@ -8928,6 +11103,124 @@ B<Pod::ParseTree> =back +=head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over + +=item OBJECT METHODS + +C<initialize> + +=back + +=over + +=item Data Accessors + +B<AddPreamble> + +=back + +B<AddPostamble> + +B<Head1Level> + +B<Label> + +B<LevelNoNum> + +B<MakeIndex> + +B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection> + +B<StartWithNewPage> + +B<TableOfContents> + +B<UniqueLabels> + +B<UserPreamble> + +B<UserPostamble> + +B<Lists> + +=over + +=item Subclassed methods + +=back + +B<begin_pod> + +B<end_pod> + +B<command> + +B<verbatim> + +B<textblock> + +B<interior_sequence> + +=over + +=item List Methods + +B<begin_list> + +=back + +B<end_list> + +B<add_item> + +=over + +=item Methods for headings + +B<head> + +=back + +=over + +=item Internal methods + +B<_output> + +=back + +B<_replace_special_chars> + +B<_create_label> + +B<_create_index> + +B<_clean_latex_commands> + +=over + +=item NOTES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item REVISION + +=back + =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input =over @@ -9516,6 +11809,18 @@ C<-pathlist> =item DESCRIPTION +C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR> + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over + +=item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS + =back =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments @@ -9844,10 +12149,10 @@ arrays =item EXAMPLES -0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2use of -quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space -in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a -double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the +0 a simple word, 1 multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2 use +of quotes to include a space in a word, 3 use of a backslash to include a +space in a word, 4 use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a +double-quote, 5 another simple word (note the lack of effect of the backslashed double-quote) =item AUTHORS @@ -10185,6 +12490,38 @@ March 18th, 2000 =back +=head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions + +Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), +Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), +Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), +Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), +Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), +Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), +Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), +Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, +PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown(MACHINE, +MESSAGE, TIMEOUT, FORCECLOSE, REBOOT), Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), +Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), +Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), +Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), +Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), +Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), +Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, +PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) + +=back + +=back + =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over |