| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age | Files | Lines |
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This op is an optimisation for any series of one or more array or hash
lookups and dereferences, where the key/index is a simple constant or
package/lexical variable. If the first-level lookup is of a simple
array/hash variable or scalar ref, then that is included in the op too.
So all of the following are replaced with a single op:
$h{foo}
$a[$i]
$a[5][$k][$i]
$r->{$k}
local $a[0][$i]
exists $a[$i]{$k}
delete $h{foo}
while these aren't:
$a[0] already handled by OP_AELEMFAST
$a[$x+1] not a simple index
and these are partially replaced:
(expr)->[0]{$k} the bit following (expr) is replaced
$h{foo}[$x+1][0] the first and third lookups are each done with
a multideref op, while the $x+1 expression and
middle lookup are done by existing add, aelem etc
ops.
Up until now, aggregate dereferencing has been very heavyweight in ops; for
example, $r->[0]{$x} is compiled as:
gv[*r] s
rv2sv sKM/DREFAV,1
rv2av[t2] sKR/1
const[IV 0] s
aelem sKM/DREFHV,2
rv2hv sKR/1
gvsv[*x] s
helem vK/2
When executing this, in addition to the actual calls to av_fetch() and
hv_fetch(), there is a lot of overhead of pushing SVs on and off the
stack, and calling lots of little pp() functions from the runops loop
(each with its potential indirect branch miss).
The multideref op avoids that by running all the code in a loop in a
switch statement. It makes use of the new UNOP_AUX type to hold an array
of
typedef union {
PADOFFSET pad_offset;
SV *sv;
IV iv;
UV uv;
} UNOP_AUX_item;
In something like $a[7][$i]{foo}, the GVs or pad offsets for @a and $i are
stored as items in the array, along with a pointer to a const SV holding
'foo', and the UV 7 is stored directly. Along with this, some UVs are used
to store a sequence of actions (several actions are squeezed into a single
UV).
Then the main body of pp_multideref is a big while loop round a switch,
which reads actions and values from the AUX array. The two big branches in
the switch are ones that are affectively unrolled (/DREFAV, rv2av, aelem)
and (/DREFHV, rv2hv, helem) triplets. The other branches are various entry
points that handle retrieving the different types of initial value; for
example 'my %h; $h{foo}' needs to get %h from the pad, while '(expr)->{foo}'
needs to pop expr off the stack.
Note that there is a slight complication with /DEREF; in the example above
of $r->[0]{$x}, the aelem op is actually
aelem sKM/DREFHV,2
which means that the aelem, after having retrieved a (possibly undef)
value from the array, is responsible for autovivifying it into a hash,
ready for the next op. Similarly, the rv2sv that retrieves $r from the
typeglob is responsible for autovivifying it into an AV. This action
of doing the next op's work for it complicates matters somewhat. Within
pp_multideref, the autovivification action is instead included as the
first step of the current action.
In terms of benchmarking with Porting/bench.pl, a simple lexical
$a[$i][$j] shows a reduction of approx 40% in numbers of instructions
executed, while $r->[0][0][0] uses 54% fewer. The speed-up for hash
accesses is relatively more modest, since the actual hash lookup (i.e.
hv_fetch()) is more expensive than an array lookup. A lexical $h{foo}
uses 10% fewer, while $r->{foo}{bar}{baz} uses 34% fewer instructions.
Overall,
bench.pl --tests='/expr::(array|hash)/' ...
gives:
PRE POST
------ ------
Ir 100.00 145.00
Dr 100.00 165.30
Dw 100.00 175.74
COND 100.00 132.02
IND 100.00 171.11
COND_m 100.00 127.65
IND_m 100.00 203.90
with cache misses unchanged at 100%.
In general, the more lookups done, the bigger the proportionate saving.
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It was done by adding new OP_METHOD_REDIR and OP_METHOD_REDIR_SUPER optypes.
Class name to redirect is saved into METHOP as a shared hash string.
Method name is changed (class name removed) an saved into op_meth_sv as
a shared string hash.
So there is no need now to scan for '::' and calculate class and method names
at runtime (in gv_fetchmethod_*) and searching cache HV without precomputed hash.
B::* modules are changed to support new op types.
method_redir is now printed by Concise like (for threaded perl)
$obj->AAA::meth
5 <.> method_redir[PACKAGE "AAA", PV "meth"] ->6
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In ck_method:
Scan for '/::. If found SUPER::, create OP_METHOD_SUPER op
with precomputed hash value for method name.
In B::*, added support for method_super
In pp_hot.c, pp_method_*:
S_method_common removed, code related to getting stash is
moved to S_opmethod_stash, other code is moved to
pp_method_* functions.
As a result, SUPER::func() calls speeded up by 50%.
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This will be used for slurpy array ref assignments. \(@a) = \(@b)
will make @a share the same elements as @b.
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kvaslice operator that imlements %a[0,2,4] syntax which
result in list of index/value pairs. Implemented in
consistency with "key/value hash slice" operator.
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kvhslice operator that implements %h{1,2,3,4} syntax which
returns list of key value pairs rather than just values
(regular slices).
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This single op can, in some circumstances, replace the sequence of a
pushmark followed by one or more padsv/padav/padhv ops, and possibly
a trailing 'list' op, but only where the targs of the pad ops form
a continuous range.
This is generally more efficient, but is particularly so in the case
of void-context my declarations, such as:
my ($a,@b);
Formerly this would be executed as the following set of ops:
pushmark pushes a new mark
padsv[$a] pushes $a, does a SAVEt_CLEARSV
padav[@b] pushes all the flattened elements (i.e. none) of @a,
does a SAVEt_CLEARSV
list pops the mark, and pops all stack elements except the last
nextstate pops the remaining stack element
It's now:
padrange[$a..@b] does two SAVEt_CLEARSV's
nextstate nothing needing doing to the stack
Note that in the case above, this commit changes user-visible behaviour in
pathological cases; in particular, it has always been possible to modify a
lexical var *before* the my is executed, using goto or closure tricks.
So in principle someone could tie an array, then could notice that FETCH
is no longer being called, e.g.
f();
my ($s, @a); # this no longer triggers two FETCHES
sub f {
tie @a, ...;
push @a, 1,2;
}
But I think we can live with that.
Note also that having a padrange operator will allow us shortly to have
a corresponding SAVEt_CLEARPADRANGE save type, that will replace multiple
individual SAVEt_CLEARSV's.
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This will be used for cloning a ‘my’ sub on scope entry.
I was going to use pp_padcv for this, but it would end up having a
top-level if/else.
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This will be used for introducing ‘my’ subs on scope entry, by turning
off the stale flag.
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This is a dummy op type that should never be seen by any code except
op allocation code (to come).
So it is not in the usual list of opcodes, but is #defined outside the
range valid of opcodes.
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Along with the simple_casefolding and full_casefolding features.
fc() stands for foldcase, a sort of pseudo case (like lowercase),
which is used to implement Unicode casefolding. It maps a string
to a form where all case differences are erased, so it's a
locale-independent way of checking if two strings are the same,
regardless of case.
This functionality was, and still is, available through the
regular expression engine -- /i matches would use casefolding
internally. The fc keyword merely exposes this for easier access.
Previously, one could attempt to case-insensitively test two strings
for equality by doing
lc($a) eq lc($b)
But that might get you wrong results, for example in the case of
\x{DF}, LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S.
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After much alternation, altercation and alteration, __SUB__ is
finally here.
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Generate OP_IS_DIRHOP like other OP_IS_* macros,
use in gv.c:Perl_gv_add_by_type().
Modifies 'F' operand type to 'DF'.
This yields a micro-optimization.
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other macros are written by regen/opcode.pl into opnames.h
Generate OP_IS_NUMCOMPARE the same way, and get a micro-optimization.
Adds a new 'S<' operand type for the numeric comparison ops.
Needs make regen.
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&CORE::foo subs will use this operator for sorting out @_.
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6a077020aea1c5f0 extended the OP_AELEMFAST optimisation to lexical arrays.
Previously OP_AELEMFAST was only used as an optimisation for OP_GV, which is a
PADOP/SVOP.
However, by reusing the same opcode, and signalling (pad) lexical vs package,
it introduced a myriad of special cases, because OP_PADAV is a BASEOP (not a
PADOP), whilst OP_AELEMFAST is a PADOP/SVOP (which is larger).
Using two OP numbers allows each variant to have the correct OP flags in
PL_opargs. Both can continue to share the same C code.
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Previously all the scripts in regen/ had code to generate header comments
(buffer-read-only, "do not edit this file", and optionally regeneration
script, regeneration data, copyright years and filename).
This change results in some minor reformatting of header blocks, and
standardises the copyright line as "Larry Wall and others".
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Whilst it is possible to open regen/opcode.pl and parse it to find the __END__
token, it's not the cleanest approach.
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for the upcoming y///r feature. There are not enough flag bits,
hence the extra type.
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All built-in functions that operate directly on array or hash
containers now also accept hard references to arrays or hashes:
|----------------------------+---------------------------|
| Traditional syntax | Terse syntax |
|----------------------------+---------------------------|
| push @$arrayref, @stuff | push $arrayref, @stuff |
| unshift @$arrayref, @stuff | unshift $arrayref, @stuff |
| pop @$arrayref | pop $arrayref |
| shift @$arrayref | shift $arrayref |
| splice @$arrayref, 0, 2 | splice $arrayref, 0, 2 |
| keys %$hashref | keys $hashref |
| keys @$arrayref | keys $arrayref |
| values %$hashref | values $hashref |
| values @$arrayref | values $arrayref |
| ($k,$v) = each %$hashref | ($k,$v) = each $hashref |
| ($k,$v) = each @$arrayref | ($k,$v) = each $arrayref |
|----------------------------+---------------------------|
This allows these built-in functions to act on long dereferencing
chains or on the return value of subroutines without needing to wrap
them in C<@{}> or C<%{}>:
push @{$obj->tags}, $new_tag; # old way
push $obj->tags, $new_tag; # new way
for ( keys %{$hoh->{genres}{artists}} ) {...} # old way
for ( keys $hoh->{genres}{artists} ) {...} # new way
For C<push>, C<unshift> and C<splice>, the reference will auto-vivify
if it is not defined, just as if it were wrapped with C<@{}>.
Calling C<keys> or C<values> directly on a reference gives a
substantial performance improvement over explicit dereferencing.
For C<keys>, C<values>, C<each>, when overloaded dereferencing is
present, the overloaded dereference is used instead of dereferencing
the underlying reftype. Warnings are issued about assumptions made in
the following three ambiguous cases:
(a) If both %{} and @{} overloading exists, %{} is used
(b) If %{} overloading exists on a blessed arrayref, %{} is used
(c) If @{} overloading exists on a blessed hashref, @{} is used
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This breaks binary compatibility.
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Thread was "[PATCH] Make if (%hash) {} act the same as if (keys %hash) {}"
http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl5-porters/2006-11/msg00432.html
but the implementation evolved from the approach described in the subject, to
instead add a new opcode pp_boolkeys, to exactly preserve the existing
behaviour.
Various conflicts with the passage of time resolved, 'register' removed, and a
$VERSION bump.
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p4raw-id: //depot/perl@34587
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From: "Jim Cromie" <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <cfe85dfa0802101152n4e1b9e07pc7fb7ad9241a9794@mail.gmail.com>
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@33364
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Message-ID: <47B60D72.50708@profvince.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2008 23:08:50 +0100
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@33356
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Message-ID: <47ADBF3B.2050108@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 09 Feb 2008 07:56:59 -0700
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@33267
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p4raw-id: //depot/perl@33072
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Documentation needed, FIXME for proper 64 bit support of arrays longer
than 2**32, re-order the new ops at the end if merging to 5.10.x.
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@32680
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START block. First time through, call slosh() and assign to $zok.
Subsequently neither call slosh() nor assign to $zok. Adds a new op
ONCE to control the conditonal call and assign. No change to list
context, so state ($zok) = slosh() and (state $zok) = ... etc will
still repeatedly evaluate and assign. [Can't fix that before 5.10]
Use as an RVALUE is as Larry's design - my $boff = state $zok = ...;
will evaluate, assign and return first time, and subsequently act as if
it were written my $boff = $zok;
FIXME - state $zok = ...; won't deparse - I believe op->op_last isn't
being correctly set on the sassign, but I don't know how to fix this.
This change may be backed out before 5.10.
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@31798
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logical groups.
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@30784
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p4raw-id: //depot/perl@29727
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branch table corresponding to a switch statement slightly smaller.
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@29251
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p4raw-id: //depot/perl@26736
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Message-Id: <20051217204431.GB28940@rpc142.cs.man.ac.uk>
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@26400
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in read-only mode. Make vi modelines compatible with non-vim
vi versions.
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@24445
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p4raw-id: //depot/perl@22509
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(Lots of Perl 5 source code archaeology was involved.)
Larry didn't make strangled noises when I showed him
the patch, either :-)
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@19242
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p4raw-id: //depot/perl@18801
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From: "Brent Dax" <brentdax@cpan.org>
Message-id: <000001c234a1$d1ca72c0$6501a8c0@deepblue>
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@17682
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be found in the repository, which is most often not right,
but at least consistent)
p4raw-id: //depot/perl@14400
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p4raw-id: //depot/perl@11760
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