From a3b937379002b6cdebf8b709a243e9491dac49a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Russell Mosemann Date: Tue, 24 Dec 1996 16:08:16 +1200 Subject: Refresh Net::Ping to 2.02 --- lib/Net/Ping.pm | 570 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 507 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-) (limited to 'lib/Net') diff --git a/lib/Net/Ping.pm b/lib/Net/Ping.pm index 3ba88d5751..91077ddad1 100644 --- a/lib/Net/Ping.pm +++ b/lib/Net/Ping.pm @@ -1,106 +1,550 @@ package Net::Ping; -# Authors: karrer@bernina.ethz.ch (Andreas Karrer) -# pmarquess@bfsec.bt.co.uk (Paul Marquess) - -require 5.002 ; +# Author: mose@ccsn.edu (Russell Mosemann) +# +# Authors of the original pingecho(): +# karrer@bernina.ethz.ch (Andreas Karrer) +# pmarquess@bfsec.bt.co.uk (Paul Marquess) +# +# Copyright (c) 1996 Russell Mosemann. All rights reserved. This +# program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the same terms as Perl itself. + +require 5.002; require Exporter; -use strict ; -use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT $VERSION $tcp_proto $echo_port) ; +use strict; +use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT $VERSION + $def_timeout $def_proto $max_datasize); +use FileHandle; +use Socket qw( SOCK_DGRAM SOCK_STREAM SOCK_RAW PF_INET + inet_aton sockaddr_in ); +use Carp; @ISA = qw(Exporter); -@EXPORT = qw(ping pingecho); -$VERSION = 1.01; - -use Socket 'PF_INET', 'AF_INET', 'SOCK_STREAM'; -use Carp ; - -$tcp_proto = (getprotobyname('tcp'))[2]; -$echo_port = (getservbyname('echo', 'tcp'))[2]; - -sub ping { - croak "ping not implemented yet. Use pingecho()"; -} +@EXPORT = qw(pingecho); +$VERSION = 2.02; +# Constants -sub pingecho { +$def_timeout = 5; # Default timeout to wait for a reply +$def_proto = "udp"; # Default protocol to use for pinging +$max_datasize = 1024; # Maximum data bytes in a packet - croak "usage: pingecho host [timeout]" - unless @_ == 1 or @_ == 2 ; +# Description: The pingecho() subroutine is provided for backward +# compatibility with the original Net::Ping. It accepts a host +# name/IP and an optional timeout in seconds. Create a tcp ping +# object and try pinging the host. The result of the ping is returned. - my ($host, $timeout) = @_; - my ($saddr, $ip); - my ($ret) ; - local (*PINGSOCK); +sub pingecho +{ + my ($host, # Name or IP number of host to ping + $timeout # Optional timeout in seconds + ) = @_; + my ($p); # A ping object - # check if $host is alive by connecting to its echo port, within $timeout - # (default 5) seconds. returns 1 if OK, 0 if no answer, 0 if host not found + $p = Net::Ping->new("tcp", $timeout); + $p->ping($host); # Going out of scope closes the connection +} - $timeout = 5 unless $timeout; +# Description: The new() method creates a new ping object. Optional +# parameters may be specified for the protocol to use, the timeout in +# seconds and the size in bytes of additional data which should be +# included in the packet. +# After the optional parameters are checked, the data is constructed +# and a socket is opened if appropriate. The object is returned. + +sub new +{ + my ($this, + $proto, # Optional protocol to use for pinging + $timeout, # Optional timeout in seconds + $data_size # Optional additional bytes of data + ) = @_; + my $class = ref($this) || $this; + my $self = {}; + my ($cnt, # Count through data bytes + $min_datasize # Minimum data bytes required + ); + + bless($self, $class); + + $proto = $def_proto unless $proto; # Determine the protocol + croak("Protocol for ping must be \"tcp\", \"udp\" or \"icmp\"") + unless $proto =~ m/^(tcp|udp|icmp)$/; + $self->{"proto"} = $proto; + + $timeout = $def_timeout unless $timeout; # Determine the timeout + croak("Default timeout for ping must be greater than 0 seconds") + if $timeout <= 0; + $self->{"timeout"} = $timeout; + + $min_datasize = ($proto eq "udp") ? 1 : 0; # Determine data size + $data_size = $min_datasize unless defined($data_size) && $proto ne "tcp"; + croak("Data for ping must be from $min_datasize to $max_datasize bytes") + if ($data_size < $min_datasize) || ($data_size > $max_datasize); + $data_size-- if $self->{"proto"} eq "udp"; # We provide the first byte + $self->{"data_size"} = $data_size; + + $self->{"data"} = ""; # Construct data bytes + for ($cnt = 0; $cnt < $self->{"data_size"}; $cnt++) + { + $self->{"data"} .= chr($cnt % 256); + } + + $self->{"seq"} = 0; # For counting packets + if ($self->{"proto"} eq "udp") # Open a socket + { + $self->{"proto_num"} = (getprotobyname('udp'))[2] || + croak("Can't udp protocol by name"); + $self->{"port_num"} = (getservbyname('echo', 'udp'))[2] || + croak("Can't get udp echo port by name"); + $self->{"fh"} = FileHandle->new(); + socket($self->{"fh"}, &PF_INET(), &SOCK_DGRAM(), + $self->{"proto_num"}) || + croak("udp socket error - $!"); + } + elsif ($self->{"proto"} eq "icmp") + { + croak("icmp ping requires root privilege") if $>; + $self->{"proto_num"} = (getprotobyname('icmp'))[2] || + croak("Can't get icmp protocol by name"); + $self->{"pid"} = $$ & 0xffff; # Save lower 16 bits of pid + $self->{"fh"} = FileHandle->new(); + socket($self->{"fh"}, &PF_INET(), &SOCK_RAW(), $self->{"proto_num"}) || + croak("icmp socket error - $!"); + } + elsif ($self->{"proto"} eq "tcp") # Just a file handle for now + { + $self->{"proto_num"} = (getprotobyname('tcp'))[2] || + croak("Can't get tcp protocol by name"); + $self->{"port_num"} = (getservbyname('echo', 'tcp'))[2] || + croak("Can't get tcp echo port by name"); + $self->{"fh"} = FileHandle->new(); + } + + + return($self); +} - if ($host =~ /^\s*((\d+\.){3}\d+)\s*$/) - { $ip = pack ('C4', split (/\./, $1)) } +# Description: Ping a host name or IP number with an optional timeout. +# First lookup the host, and return undef if it is not found. Otherwise +# perform the specific ping method based on the protocol. Return the +# result of the ping. + +sub ping +{ + my ($self, + $host, # Name or IP number of host to ping + $timeout # Seconds after which ping times out + ) = @_; + my ($ip, # Packed IP number of $host + $ret # The return value + ); + + croak("Usage: \$p->ping(\$host [, \$timeout])") unless @_ == 2 || @_ == 3; + $timeout = $self->{"timeout"} unless $timeout; + croak("Timeout must be greater than 0 seconds") if $timeout <= 0; + + $ip = inet_aton($host); + return(undef) unless defined($ip); # Does host exist? + + if ($self->{"proto"} eq "udp") + { + $ret = $self->ping_udp($ip, $timeout); + } + elsif ($self->{"proto"} eq "icmp") + { + $ret = $self->ping_icmp($ip, $timeout); + } + elsif ($self->{"proto"} eq "tcp") + { + $ret = $self->ping_tcp($ip, $timeout); + } else - { $ip = (gethostbyname($host))[4] } - - return 0 unless $ip; # "no such host" + { + croak("Unknown protocol \"$self->{proto}\" in ping()"); + } + return($ret); +} - $saddr = pack('S n a4 x8', AF_INET, $echo_port, $ip); - $SIG{'ALRM'} = sub { die } ; - alarm($timeout); - +sub ping_icmp +{ + my ($self, + $ip, # Packed IP number of the host + $timeout # Seconds after which ping times out + ) = @_; + + my $ICMP_ECHOREPLY = 0; # ICMP packet types + my $ICMP_ECHO = 8; + my $icmp_struct = "C2 S3 A"; # Structure of a minimal ICMP packet + my $subcode = 0; # No ICMP subcode for ECHO and ECHOREPLY + my $flags = 0; # No special flags when opening a socket + my $port = 0; # No port with ICMP + + my ($saddr, # sockaddr_in with port and ip + $checksum, # Checksum of ICMP packet + $msg, # ICMP packet to send + $len_msg, # Length of $msg + $rbits, # Read bits, filehandles for reading + $nfound, # Number of ready filehandles found + $finish_time, # Time ping should be finished + $done, # set to 1 when we are done + $ret, # Return value + $recv_msg, # Received message including IP header + $from_saddr, # sockaddr_in of sender + $from_port, # Port packet was sent from + $from_ip, # Packed IP of sender + $from_type, # ICMP type + $from_subcode, # ICMP subcode + $from_chk, # ICMP packet checksum + $from_pid, # ICMP packet id + $from_seq, # ICMP packet sequence + $from_msg # ICMP message + ); + + $self->{"seq"} = ($self->{"seq"} + 1) % 65536; # Increment sequence + $checksum = 0; # No checksum for starters + $msg = pack($icmp_struct . $self->{"data_size"}, $ICMP_ECHO, $subcode, + $checksum, $self->{"pid"}, $self->{"seq"}, $self->{"data"}); + $checksum = Net::Ping->checksum($msg); + $msg = pack($icmp_struct . $self->{"data_size"}, $ICMP_ECHO, $subcode, + $checksum, $self->{"pid"}, $self->{"seq"}, $self->{"data"}); + $len_msg = length($msg); + $saddr = sockaddr_in($port, $ip); + send($self->{"fh"}, $msg, $flags, $saddr); # Send the message + + $rbits = ""; + vec($rbits, $self->{"fh"}->fileno(), 1) = 1; $ret = 0; + $done = 0; + $finish_time = time() + $timeout; # Must be done by this time + while (!$done && $timeout > 0) # Keep trying if we have time + { + $nfound = select($rbits, undef, undef, $timeout); # Wait for packet + $timeout = $finish_time - time(); # Get remaining time + if (!defined($nfound)) # Hmm, a strange error + { + $ret = undef; + $done = 1; + } + elsif ($nfound) # Got a packet from somewhere + { + $recv_msg = ""; + $from_saddr = recv($self->{"fh"}, $recv_msg, 1500, $flags); + ($from_port, $from_ip) = sockaddr_in($from_saddr); + ($from_type, $from_subcode, $from_chk, + $from_pid, $from_seq, $from_msg) = + unpack($icmp_struct . $self->{"data_size"}, + substr($recv_msg, length($recv_msg) - $len_msg, + $len_msg)); + if (($from_type == $ICMP_ECHOREPLY) && + ($from_ip eq $ip) && + ($from_pid == $self->{"pid"}) && # Does the packet check out? + ($from_seq == $self->{"seq"})) + { + $ret = 1; # It's a winner + $done = 1; + } + } + else # Oops, timed out + { + $done = 1; + } + } + return($ret) +} + +# Description: Do a checksum on the message. Basically sum all of +# the short words and fold the high order bits into the low order bits. + +sub checksum +{ + my ($class, + $msg # The message to checksum + ) = @_; + my ($len_msg, # Length of the message + $num_short, # The number of short words in the message + $short, # One short word + $chk # The checksum + ); + + $len_msg = length($msg); + $num_short = $len_msg / 2; + $chk = 0; + foreach $short (unpack("S$num_short", $msg)) + { + $chk += $short; + } # Add the odd byte in + $chk += unpack("C", substr($msg, $len_msg - 1, 1)) if $len_msg % 2; + $chk = ($chk >> 16) + ($chk & 0xffff); # Fold high into low + return(~(($chk >> 16) + $chk) & 0xffff); # Again and complement +} + +# Description: Perform a tcp echo ping. Since a tcp connection is +# host specific, we have to open and close each connection here. We +# can't just leave a socket open. Because of the robust nature of +# tcp, it will take a while before it gives up trying to establish a +# connection. Therefore, we have to set the alarm to break out of the +# connection sooner if the timeout expires. No data bytes are actually +# sent since the successful establishment of a connection is proof +# enough of the reachability of the remote host. Also, tcp is +# expensive and doesn't need our help to add to the overhead. + +sub ping_tcp +{ + my ($self, + $ip, # Packed IP number of the host + $timeout # Seconds after which ping times out + ) = @_; + my ($saddr, # sockaddr_in with port and ip + $ret # The return value + ); + + socket($self->{"fh"}, &PF_INET(), &SOCK_STREAM(), $self->{"proto_num"}) || + croak("tcp socket error - $!"); + $saddr = sockaddr_in($self->{"port_num"}, $ip); + + $SIG{'ALRM'} = sub { die }; + alarm($timeout); # Interrupt connect() if we have to + + $ret = 0; # Default to unreachable eval <<'EOM' ; - return unless socket(PINGSOCK, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $tcp_proto) ; - return unless connect(PINGSOCK, $saddr) ; - $ret=1 ; + return unless connect($self->{"fh"}, $saddr); + $ret = 1; EOM alarm(0); - close(PINGSOCK); - $ret; + $self->{"fh"}->close(); + return($ret); +} + +# Description: Perform a udp echo ping. Construct a message of +# at least the one-byte sequence number and any additional data bytes. +# Send the message out and wait for a message to come back. If we +# get a message, make sure all of its parts match. If they do, we are +# done. Otherwise go back and wait for the message until we run out +# of time. Return the result of our efforts. + +sub ping_udp +{ + my ($self, + $ip, # Packed IP number of the host + $timeout # Seconds after which ping times out + ) = @_; + + my $flags = 0; # Nothing special on open + + my ($saddr, # sockaddr_in with port and ip + $ret, # The return value + $msg, # Message to be echoed + $finish_time, # Time ping should be finished + $done, # Set to 1 when we are done pinging + $rbits, # Read bits, filehandles for reading + $nfound, # Number of ready filehandles found + $from_saddr, # sockaddr_in of sender + $from_msg, # Characters echoed by $host + $from_port, # Port message was echoed from + $from_ip # Packed IP number of sender + ); + + $saddr = sockaddr_in($self->{"port_num"}, $ip); + $self->{"seq"} = ($self->{"seq"} + 1) % 256; # Increment sequence + $msg = chr($self->{"seq"}) . $self->{"data"}; # Add data if any + send($self->{"fh"}, $msg, $flags, $saddr); # Send it + + $rbits = ""; + vec($rbits, $self->{"fh"}->fileno(), 1) = 1; + $ret = 0; # Default to unreachable + $done = 0; + $finish_time = time() + $timeout; # Ping needs to be done by then + while (!$done && $timeout > 0) + { + $nfound = select($rbits, undef, undef, $timeout); # Wait for response + $timeout = $finish_time - time(); # Get remaining time + + if (!defined($nfound)) # Hmm, a strange error + { + $ret = undef; + $done = 1; + } + elsif ($nfound) # A packet is waiting + { + $from_msg = ""; + $from_saddr = recv($self->{"fh"}, $from_msg, 1500, $flags); + ($from_port, $from_ip) = sockaddr_in($from_saddr); + if (($from_ip eq $ip) && # Does the packet check out? + ($from_port == $self->{"port_num"}) && + ($from_msg eq $msg)) + { + $ret = 1; # It's a winner + $done = 1; + } + } + else # Oops, timed out + { + $done = 1; + } + } + return($ret); } +# Description: Close the connection unless we are using the tcp +# protocol, since it will already be closed. + +sub close +{ + my ($self) = @_; + + $self->{"fh"}->close() unless $self->{"proto"} eq "tcp"; +} + + 1; __END__ -=cut - =head1 NAME -Net::Ping, pingecho - check a host for upness +Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability =head1 SYNOPSIS use Net::Ping; - print "'jimmy' is alive and kicking\n" if pingecho('jimmy', 10) ; - -=head1 DESCRIPTION -This module contains routines to test for the reachability of remote hosts. -Currently the only routine implemented is pingecho(). + $p = Net::Ping->new(); + print "$host is alive.\n" if $p->ping($host); + $p->close(); + + $p = Net::Ping->new("icmp"); + foreach $host (@host_array) + { + print "$host is "; + print "NOT " unless $p->ping($host, 2); + print "reachable.\n"; + sleep(1); + } + $p->close(); + + $p = Net::Ping->new("tcp", 2); + while ($stop_time > time()) + { + print "$host not reachable ", scalar(localtime()), "\n" + unless $p->ping($host); + sleep(300); + } + undef($p); + + # For backward compatibility + print "$host is alive.\n" if pingecho($host); -pingecho() uses a TCP echo (I an ICMP one) to determine if the -remote host is reachable. This is usually adequate to tell that a remote -host is available to rsh(1), ftp(1), or telnet(1) onto. +=head1 DESCRIPTION -=head2 Parameters +This module contains methods to test the reachability of remote +hosts on a network. A ping object is first created with optional +parameters, a variable number of hosts may be pinged multiple +times and then the connection is closed. + +You may choose one of three different protocols to use for the ping. +With the "tcp" protocol the ping() method attempts to establish a +connection to the remote host's echo port. If the connection is +successfully established, the remote host is considered reachable. No +data is actually echoed. This protocol does not require any special +privileges but has higher overhead than the other two protocols. + +Specifying the "udp" protocol causes the ping() method to send a udp +packet to the remote host's echo port. If the echoed packet is +received from the remote host and the received packet contains the +same data as the packet that was sent, the remote host is considered +reachable. This protocol does not require any special privileges. + +If the "icmp" protocol is specified, the ping() method sends an icmp +echo message to the remote host, which is what the UNIX ping program +does. If the echoed message is received from the remote host and +the echoed information is correct, the remote host is considered +reachable. Specifying the "icmp" protocol requires that the program +be run as root or that the program be setuid to root. + +=head2 Functions + +=over 4 + +=item Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]); + +Create a new ping object. All of the parameters are optional. $proto +specifies the protocol to use when doing a ping. The current choices +are "tcp", "udp" or "icmp". The default is "udp". + +If a default timeout ($def_timeout) in seconds is provided, it is used +when a timeout is not given to the ping() method (below). The timeout +must be greater than 0 and the default, if not specified, is 5 seconds. + +If the number of data bytes ($bytes) is given, that many data bytes +are included in the ping packet sent to the remote host. The number of +data bytes is ignored if the protocol is "tcp". The minimum (and +default) number of data bytes is 1 if the protocol is "udp" and 0 +otherwise. The maximum number of data bytes that can be specified is +1024. + +=item $p->ping($host [, $timeout]); + +Ping the remote host and wait for a response. $host can be either the +hostname or the IP number of the remote host. The optional timeout +must be greater than 0 seconds and defaults to whatever was specified +when the ping object was created. If the hostname cannot be found or +there is a problem with the IP number, undef is returned. Otherwise, +1 is returned if the host is reachable and 0 if it is not. For all +practical purposes, undef and 0 and can be treated as the same case. + +=item $p->close(); + +Close the network connection for this ping object. The network +connection is also closed by "undef $p". The network connection is +automatically closed if the ping object goes out of scope (e.g. $p is +local to a subroutine and you leave the subroutine). + +=item pingecho($host [, $timeout]); + +To provide backward compatibility with the previous version of +Net::Ping, a pingecho() subroutine is available with the same +functionality as before. pingecho() uses the tcp protocol. The +return values and parameters are the same as described for the ping() +method. This subroutine is obsolete and may be removed in a future +version of Net::Ping. -=over 5 +=back -=item hostname +=head1 WARNING -The remote host to check, specified either as a hostname or as an IP address. +pingecho() or a ping object with the tcp protocol use alarm() to +implement the timeout. So, don't use alarm() in your program while +you are using pingecho() or a ping object with the tcp protocol. The +udp and icmp protocols do not use alarm() to implement the timeout. -=item timeout +=head1 NOTES -The timeout in seconds. If not specified it will default to 5 seconds. +There will be less network overhead (and some efficiency in your +program) if you specify either the udp or the icmp protocol. The tcp +protocol will generate 2.5 times or more traffic for each ping than +either udp or icmp. If many hosts are pinged frequently, you may wish +to implement a small wait (e.g. 25ms or more) between each ping to +avoid flooding your network with packets. -=back +The icmp protocol requires that the program be run as root or that it +be setuid to root. The tcp and udp protocols do not require special +privileges, but not all network devices implement the echo protocol +for tcp or udp. -=head1 WARNING +Local hosts should normally respond to pings within milliseconds. +However, on a very congested network it may take up to 3 seconds or +longer to receive an echo packet from the remote host. If the timeout +is set too low under these conditions, it will appear that the remote +host is not reachable (which is almost the truth). -pingecho() uses alarm to implement the timeout, so don't set another alarm -while you are using it. +Reachability doesn't necessarily mean that the remote host is actually +functioning beyond its ability to echo packets. +Because of a lack of anything better, this module uses its own +routines to pack and unpack ICMP packets. It would be better for a +separate module to be written which understands all of the different +kinds of ICMP packets. +=cut -- cgit v1.2.1