path: root/B/C.pm

#      C.pm
#
#      Copyright (c) 1996, 1997 Malcolm Beattie
#
#      You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
#      License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
#
package B::C;
use Exporter ();
@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT_OK = qw(output_all output_boilerplate output_main
		init_sections set_callback save_unused_subs objsym);

use B qw(minus_c sv_undef walkoptree walksymtable main_root main_start peekop
	 class cstring cchar svref_2object compile_stats comppadlist hash
	 threadsv_names);
use B::Asmdata qw(@specialsv_name);

use FileHandle;
use Carp;
use strict;

my $hv_index = 0;
my $gv_index = 0;
my $re_index = 0;
my $pv_index = 0;
my $anonsub_index = 0;

my %symtable;
my $warn_undefined_syms;
my $verbose;
my @unused_sub_packages;
my $nullop_count;
my $pv_copy_on_grow;
my ($debug_cops, $debug_av, $debug_cv, $debug_mg);

my @threadsv_names;
BEGIN {
    @threadsv_names = threadsv_names();
}

# Code sections
my ($init, $decl, $symsect, $binopsect, $condopsect, $copsect, $cvopsect,
    $gvopsect, $listopsect, $logopsect, $loopsect, $opsect, $pmopsect,
    $pvopsect, $svopsect, $unopsect, $svsect, $xpvsect, $xpvavsect,
    $xpvhvsect, $xpvcvsect, $xpvivsect, $xpvnvsect, $xpvmgsect, $xpvlvsect,
    $xrvsect, $xpvbmsect, $xpviosect);

sub walk_and_save_optree;
my $saveoptree_callback = \&walk_and_save_optree;
sub set_callback { $saveoptree_callback = shift }
sub saveoptree { &$saveoptree_callback(@_) }

sub walk_and_save_optree {
    my ($name, $root, $start) = @_;
    walkoptree($root, "save");
    return objsym($start);
}

# Current workaround/fix for op_free() trying to free statically
# defined OPs is to set op_seq = -1 and check for that in op_free().
# Instead of hardwiring -1 in place of $op->seq, we use $op_seq
# so that it can be changed back easily if necessary. In fact, to
# stop compilers from moaning about a U16 being initialised with an
# uncast -1 (the printf format is %d so we can't tweak it), we have
# to "know" that op_seq is a U16 and use 65535. Ugh.
my $op_seq = 65535;

sub AVf_REAL () { 1 }

# XXX This shouldn't really be hardcoded here but it saves
# looking up the name of every BASEOP in B::OP
sub OP_THREADSV () { 345 }

sub savesym {
    my ($obj, $value) = @_;
    my $sym = sprintf("s\\_%x", $$obj);
    $symtable{$sym} = $value;
}

sub objsym {
    my $obj = shift;
    return $symtable{sprintf("s\\_%x", $$obj)};
}

sub getsym {
    my $sym = shift;
    my $value;

    return 0 if $sym eq "sym_0";	# special case
    $value = $symtable{$sym};
    if (defined($value)) {
	return $value;
    } else {
	warn "warning: undefined symbol $sym\n" if $warn_undefined_syms;
	return "UNUSED";
    }
}

sub savepv {
    my $pv = shift;
    my $pvsym = 0;
    my $pvmax = 0;
    if ($pv_copy_on_grow) {
	my $cstring = cstring($pv);
	if ($cstring ne "0") { # sic
	    $pvsym = sprintf("pv%d", $pv_index++);
	    $decl->add(sprintf("static char %s[] = %s;", $pvsym, $cstring));
	}
    } else {
	$pvmax = length($pv) + 1;
    }
    return ($pvsym, $pvmax);
}

sub B::OP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    my $type = $op->type;
    $nullop_count++ unless $type;
    if ($type == OP_THREADSV) {
	# saves looking up ppaddr but it's a bit naughty to hard code this
	$init->add(sprintf("(void)find_threadsv(%s);",
			   cstring($threadsv_names[$op->targ])));
    }
    $opsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x",
			 ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr, $op->targ,
			 $type, $op_seq, $op->flags, $op->private));
    savesym($op, sprintf("&op_list[%d]", $opsect->index));
}

sub B::FAKEOP::new {
    my ($class, %objdata) = @_;
    bless \%objdata, $class;
}

sub B::FAKEOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    $opsect->add(sprintf("%s, %s, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x",
			 $op->next, $op->sibling, $op->ppaddr, $op->targ,
			 $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags, $op->private));
    return sprintf("&op_list[%d]", $opsect->index);
}

sub B::FAKEOP::next { $_[0]->{"next"} || 0 }
sub B::FAKEOP::type { $_[0]->{type} || 0}
sub B::FAKEOP::sibling { $_[0]->{sibling} || 0 }
sub B::FAKEOP::ppaddr { $_[0]->{ppaddr} || 0 }
sub B::FAKEOP::targ { $_[0]->{targ} || 0 }
sub B::FAKEOP::flags { $_[0]->{flags} || 0 }
sub B::FAKEOP::private { $_[0]->{private} || 0 }

sub B::UNOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    $unopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, s\\_%x",
			   ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			   $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			   $op->private, ${$op->first}));
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&unop_list[%d]", $unopsect->index));
}

sub B::BINOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    $binopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, s\\_%x, s\\_%x",
			    ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			    $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			    $op->private, ${$op->first}, ${$op->last}));
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&binop_list[%d]", $binopsect->index));
}

sub B::LISTOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    $listopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %u",
			     ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			     $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			     $op->private, ${$op->first}, ${$op->last},
			     $op->children));
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&listop_list[%d]", $listopsect->index));
}

sub B::LOGOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    $logopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, s\\_%x, s\\_%x",
			    ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			    $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			    $op->private, ${$op->first}, ${$op->other}));
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&logop_list[%d]", $logopsect->index));
}

sub B::CONDOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    $condopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, s\\_%x, s\\_%x, s\\_%x",
			     ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			     $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			     $op->private, ${$op->first}, ${$op->true},
			     ${$op->false}));
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&condop_list[%d]", $condopsect->index));
}

sub B::LOOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    #warn sprintf("LOOP: redoop %s, nextop %s, lastop %s\n",
    #		 peekop($op->redoop), peekop($op->nextop),
    #		 peekop($op->lastop)); # debug
    $loopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %u, s\\_%x, s\\_%x, s\\_%x",
			   ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			   $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			   $op->private, ${$op->first}, ${$op->last},
			   $op->children, ${$op->redoop}, ${$op->nextop},
			   ${$op->lastop}));
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&loop_list[%d]", $loopsect->index));
}

sub B::PVOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    $pvopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, %s",
			   ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			   $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			   $op->private, cstring($op->pv)));
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&pvop_list[%d]", $pvopsect->index));
}

sub B::SVOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    my $svsym = $op->sv->save;
    $svopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, %s",
			   ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			   $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			   $op->private, "(SV*)$svsym"));
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&svop_list[%d]", $svopsect->index));
}

sub B::GVOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    my $gvsym = $op->gv->save;
    $gvopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, Nullgv",
			   ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			   $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			   $op->private));
    $init->add(sprintf("gvop_list[%d].op_gv = %s;", $gvopsect->index, $gvsym));
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&gvop_list[%d]", $gvopsect->index));
}

sub B::COP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    my $gvsym = $op->filegv->save;
    my $stashsym = $op->stash->save;
    warn sprintf("COP: line %d file %s\n", $op->line, $op->filegv->SV->PV)
	if $debug_cops;
    $copsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, %s, Nullhv, Nullgv, %u, %d, %u",
			  ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $op->ppaddr,
			  $op->targ, $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags,
			  $op->private, cstring($op->label), $op->cop_seq,
			  $op->arybase, $op->line));
    my $copix = $copsect->index;
    $init->add(sprintf("cop_list[%d].cop_filegv = %s;", $copix, $gvsym),
	       sprintf("cop_list[%d].cop_stash = %s;", $copix, $stashsym));
    savesym($op, "(OP*)&cop_list[$copix]");
}

sub B::PMOP::save {
    my ($op, $level) = @_;
    my $replroot = $op->pmreplroot;
    my $replstart = $op->pmreplstart;
    my $replrootfield = sprintf("s\\_%x", $$replroot);
    my $replstartfield = sprintf("s\\_%x", $$replstart);
    my $gvsym;
    my $ppaddr = $op->ppaddr;
    if ($$replroot) {
	# OP_PUSHRE (a mutated version of OP_MATCH for the regexp
	# argument to a split) stores a GV in op_pmreplroot instead
	# of a substitution syntax tree. We don't want to walk that...
	if ($ppaddr eq "pp_pushre") {
	    $gvsym = $replroot->save;
#	    warn "PMOP::save saving a pp_pushre with GV $gvsym\n"; # debug
	    $replrootfield = 0;
	} else {
	    $replstartfield = saveoptree("*ignore*", $replroot, $replstart);
	}
    }
    # pmnext handling is broken in perl itself, I think. Bad op_pmnext
    # fields aren't noticed in perl's runtime (unless you try reset) but we
    # segfault when trying to dereference it to find op->op_pmnext->op_type
    $pmopsect->add(sprintf("s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %s, %u, %u, %u, 0x%x, 0x%x, s\\_%x, s\\_%x, %u, %s, %s, 0, 0, 0x%x, 0x%x",
			   ${$op->next}, ${$op->sibling}, $ppaddr, $op->targ,
			   $op->type, $op_seq, $op->flags, $op->private,
			   ${$op->first}, ${$op->last}, $op->children,
			   $replrootfield, $replstartfield,
			   $op->pmflags, $op->pmpermflags,));
    my $pm = sprintf("pmop_list[%d]", $pmopsect->index);
    my $re = $op->precomp;
    if (defined($re)) {
	my $resym = sprintf("re%d", $re_index++);
	$decl->add(sprintf("static char *$resym = %s;", cstring($re)));
	$init->add(sprintf("$pm.op_pmregexp = pregcomp($resym, $resym + %u, &$pm);",
			   length($re)));
    }
    if ($gvsym) {
	$init->add("$pm.op_pmreplroot = (OP*)$gvsym;");
    }
    savesym($op, sprintf("(OP*)&pmop_list[%d]", $pmopsect->index));
}

sub B::SPECIAL::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    # special case: $$sv is not the address but an index into specialsv_list
#   warn "SPECIAL::save specialsv $$sv\n"; # debug
    my $sym = $specialsv_name[$$sv];
    if (!defined($sym)) {
	confess "unknown specialsv index $$sv passed to B::SPECIAL::save";
    }
    return $sym;
}

sub B::OBJECT::save {}

sub B::NULL::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
#   warn "Saving SVt_NULL SV\n"; # debug
    # debug
    #if ($$sv == 0) {
    #	warn "NULL::save for sv = 0 called from @{[(caller(1))[3]]}\n";
    #}
    $svsect->add(sprintf("0, %u, 0x%x", $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    return savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
}

sub B::IV::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    $xpvivsect->add(sprintf("0, 0, 0, %d", $sv->IVX));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpviv_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpvivsect->index, $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    return savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
}

sub B::NV::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    $xpvnvsect->add(sprintf("0, 0, 0, %d, %s", $sv->IVX, $sv->NVX));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpvnv_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpvnvsect->index, $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    return savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
}

sub B::PVLV::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    my $pv = $sv->PV;
    my $len = length($pv);
    my ($pvsym, $pvmax) = savepv($pv);
    my ($lvtarg, $lvtarg_sym);
    $xpvlvsect->add(sprintf("%s, %u, %u, %d, %g, 0, 0, %u, %u, 0, %s",
			    $pvsym, $len, $pvmax, $sv->IVX, $sv->NVX, 
			    $sv->TARGOFF, $sv->TARGLEN, cchar($sv->TYPE)));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpvlv_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpvlvsect->index, $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    if (!$pv_copy_on_grow) {
	$init->add(sprintf("xpvlv_list[%d].xpv_pv = savepvn(%s, %u);",
			   $xpvlvsect->index, cstring($pv), $len));
    }
    $sv->save_magic;
    return savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
}

sub B::PVIV::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    my $pv = $sv->PV;
    my $len = length($pv);
    my ($pvsym, $pvmax) = savepv($pv);
    $xpvivsect->add(sprintf("%s, %u, %u, %d", $pvsym, $len, $pvmax, $sv->IVX));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpviv_list[%d], %u, 0x%x",
			 $xpvivsect->index, $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    if (!$pv_copy_on_grow) {
	$init->add(sprintf("xpviv_list[%d].xpv_pv = savepvn(%s, %u);",
			   $xpvivsect->index, cstring($pv), $len));
    }
    return savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
}

sub B::PVNV::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    my $pv = $sv->PV;
    my $len = length($pv);
    my ($pvsym, $pvmax) = savepv($pv);
    $xpvnvsect->add(sprintf("%s, %u, %u, %d, %s",
			    $pvsym, $len, $pvmax, $sv->IVX, $sv->NVX));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpvnv_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpvnvsect->index, $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    if (!$pv_copy_on_grow) {
	$init->add(sprintf("xpvnv_list[%d].xpv_pv = savepvn(%s,%u);",
			   $xpvnvsect->index, cstring($pv), $len));
    }
    return savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
}

sub B::BM::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    my $pv = $sv->PV . "\0" . $sv->TABLE;
    my $len = length($pv);
    $xpvbmsect->add(sprintf("0, %u, %u, %d, %s, 0, 0, %d, %u, 0x%x",
			    $len, $len + 258, $sv->IVX, $sv->NVX,
			    $sv->USEFUL, $sv->PREVIOUS, $sv->RARE));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpvbm_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpvbmsect->index, $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    $sv->save_magic;
    $init->add(sprintf("xpvbm_list[%d].xpv_pv = savepvn(%s, %u);",
		       $xpvbmsect->index, cstring($pv), $len),
	       sprintf("xpvbm_list[%d].xpv_cur = %u;",
		       $xpvbmsect->index, $len - 257));
    return savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
}

sub B::PV::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    my $pv = $sv->PV;
    my $len = length($pv);
    my ($pvsym, $pvmax) = savepv($pv);
    $xpvsect->add(sprintf("%s, %u, %u", $pvsym, $len, $pvmax));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpv_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpvsect->index, $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    if (!$pv_copy_on_grow) {
	$init->add(sprintf("xpv_list[%d].xpv_pv = savepvn(%s, %u);",
			   $xpvsect->index, cstring($pv), $len));
    }
    return savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
}

sub B::PVMG::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    my $pv = $sv->PV;
    my $len = length($pv);
    my ($pvsym, $pvmax) = savepv($pv);
    $xpvmgsect->add(sprintf("%s, %u, %u, %d, %s, 0, 0",
			    $pvsym, $len, $pvmax, $sv->IVX, $sv->NVX));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpvmg_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpvmgsect->index, $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    if (!$pv_copy_on_grow) {
	$init->add(sprintf("xpvmg_list[%d].xpv_pv = savepvn(%s, %u);",
			   $xpvmgsect->index, cstring($pv), $len));
    }
    $sym = savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
    $sv->save_magic;
    return $sym;
}

sub B::PVMG::save_magic {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    #warn sprintf("saving magic for %s (0x%x)\n", class($sv), $$sv); # debug
    my $stash = $sv->SvSTASH;
    if ($$stash) {
	warn sprintf("xmg_stash = %s (0x%x)\n", $stash->NAME, $$stash)
	    if $debug_mg;
	# XXX Hope stash is already going to be saved.
	$init->add(sprintf("SvSTASH(s\\_%x) = s\\_%x;", $$sv, $$stash));
    }
    my @mgchain = $sv->MAGIC;
    my ($mg, $type, $obj, $ptr);
    foreach $mg (@mgchain) {
	$type = $mg->TYPE;
	$obj = $mg->OBJ;
	$ptr = $mg->PTR;
	my $len = defined($ptr) ? length($ptr) : 0;
	if ($debug_mg) {
	    warn sprintf("magic %s (0x%x), obj %s (0x%x), type %s, ptr %s\n",
			 class($sv), $$sv, class($obj), $$obj,
			 cchar($type), cstring($ptr));
	}
	$init->add(sprintf("sv_magic((SV*)s\\_%x, (SV*)s\\_%x, %s, %s, %d);",
			   $$sv, $$obj, cchar($type),cstring($ptr),$len));
    }
}

sub B::RV::save {
    my ($sv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($sv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    $xrvsect->add($sv->RV->save);
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xrv_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xrvsect->index, $sv->REFCNT + 1, $sv->FLAGS));
    return savesym($sv, sprintf("&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
}

sub try_autoload {
    my ($cvstashname, $cvname) = @_;
    warn sprintf("No definition for sub %s::%s\n", $cvstashname, $cvname);
    # Handle AutoLoader classes explicitly. Any more general AUTOLOAD
    # use should be handled by the class itself.
    no strict 'refs';
    my $isa = \@{"$cvstashname\::ISA"};
    if (grep($_ eq "AutoLoader", @$isa)) {
	warn "Forcing immediate load of sub derived from AutoLoader\n";
	# Tweaked version of AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD
	my $dir = $cvstashname;
	$dir =~ s(::)(/)g;
	eval { require "auto/$dir/$cvname.al" };
	if ($@) {
	    warn qq(failed require "auto/$dir/$cvname.al": $@\n);
	    return 0;
	} else {
	    return 1;
	}
    }
}

sub B::CV::save {
    my ($cv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($cv);
    if (defined($sym)) {
#	warn sprintf("CV 0x%x already saved as $sym\n", $$cv); # debug
	return $sym;
    }
    # Reserve a place in svsect and xpvcvsect and record indices
    my $sv_ix = $svsect->index + 1;
    $svsect->add("svix$sv_ix");
    my $xpvcv_ix = $xpvcvsect->index + 1;
    $xpvcvsect->add("xpvcvix$xpvcv_ix");
    # Save symbol now so that GvCV() doesn't recurse back to us via CvGV()
    $sym = savesym($cv, "&sv_list[$sv_ix]");
    warn sprintf("saving CV 0x%x as $sym\n", $$cv) if $debug_cv;
    my $gv = $cv->GV;
    my $cvstashname = $gv->STASH->NAME;
    my $cvname = $gv->NAME;
    my $root = $cv->ROOT;
    my $cvxsub = $cv->XSUB;
    if (!$$root && !$cvxsub) {
	if (try_autoload($cvstashname, $cvname)) {
	    # Recalculate root and xsub
	    $root = $cv->ROOT;
	    $cvxsub = $cv->XSUB;
	    if ($$root || $cvxsub) {
		warn "Successful forced autoload\n";
	    }
	}
    }
    my $startfield = 0;
    my $padlist = $cv->PADLIST;
    my $pv = $cv->PV;
    my $xsub = 0;
    my $xsubany = "Nullany";
    if ($$root) {
	warn sprintf("saving op tree for CV 0x%x, root = 0x%x\n",
		     $$cv, $$root) if $debug_cv;
	my $ppname = "";
	if ($$gv) {
	    my $stashname = $gv->STASH->NAME;
	    my $gvname = $gv->NAME;
	    if ($gvname ne "__ANON__") {
		$ppname = (${$gv->FORM} == $$cv) ? "pp_form_" : "pp_sub_";
		$ppname .= ($stashname eq "main") ?
			    $gvname : "$stashname\::$gvname";
		$ppname =~ s/::/__/g;
	    }
	}
	if (!$ppname) {
	    $ppname = "pp_anonsub_$anonsub_index";
	    $anonsub_index++;
	}
	$startfield = saveoptree($ppname, $root, $cv->START, $padlist->ARRAY);
	warn sprintf("done saving op tree for CV 0x%x, name %s, root 0x%x\n",
		     $$cv, $ppname, $$root) if $debug_cv;
	if ($$padlist) {
	    warn sprintf("saving PADLIST 0x%x for CV 0x%x\n",
			 $$padlist, $$cv) if $debug_cv;
	    $padlist->save;
	    warn sprintf("done saving PADLIST 0x%x for CV 0x%x\n",
			 $$padlist, $$cv) if $debug_cv;
	}
    }
    elsif ($cvxsub) {
	$xsubany = sprintf("ANYINIT((void*)0x%x)", $cv->XSUBANY);
	# Try to find out canonical name of XSUB function from EGV.
	# XXX Doesn't work for XSUBs with PREFIX set (or anyone who
	# calls newXS() manually with weird arguments).
	my $egv = $gv->EGV;
	my $stashname = $egv->STASH->NAME;
	$stashname =~ s/::/__/g;
	$xsub = sprintf("XS_%s_%s", $stashname, $egv->NAME);
	$decl->add("void $xsub _((CV*));");
    }
    else {
	warn sprintf("No definition for sub %s::%s (unable to autoload)\n",
		     $cvstashname, $cvname); # debug
    }
    $symsect->add(sprintf("xpvcvix%d\t%s, %u, 0, %d, %s, 0, Nullhv, Nullhv, %s, s\\_%x, $xsub, $xsubany, Nullgv, Nullgv, %d, s\\_%x, (CV*)s\\_%x, 0",
			  $xpvcv_ix, cstring($pv), length($pv), $cv->IVX,
			  $cv->NVX, $startfield, ${$cv->ROOT}, $cv->DEPTH,
			  $$padlist, ${$cv->OUTSIDE}));
    if ($$gv) {
	$gv->save;
	$init->add(sprintf("CvGV(s\\_%x) = s\\_%x;",$$cv,$$gv));
	warn sprintf("done saving GV 0x%x for CV 0x%x\n",
		     $$gv, $$cv) if $debug_cv;
    }
    my $filegv = $cv->FILEGV;
    if ($$filegv) {
	$filegv->save;
	$init->add(sprintf("CvFILEGV(s\\_%x) = s\\_%x;", $$cv, $$filegv));
	warn sprintf("done saving FILEGV 0x%x for CV 0x%x\n",
		     $$filegv, $$cv) if $debug_cv;
    }
    my $stash = $cv->STASH;
    if ($$stash) {
	$stash->save;
	$init->add(sprintf("CvSTASH(s\\_%x) = s\\_%x;", $$cv, $$stash));
	warn sprintf("done saving STASH 0x%x for CV 0x%x\n",
		     $$stash, $$cv) if $debug_cv;
    }
    $symsect->add(sprintf("svix%d\t(XPVCV*)&xpvcv_list[%u], %lu, 0x%x",
			  $sv_ix, $xpvcv_ix, $cv->REFCNT + 1, $cv->FLAGS));
    return $sym;
}

sub B::GV::save {
    my ($gv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($gv);
    if (defined($sym)) {
	#warn sprintf("GV 0x%x already saved as $sym\n", $$gv); # debug
	return $sym;
    } else {
	my $ix = $gv_index++;
	$sym = savesym($gv, "gv_list[$ix]");
	#warn sprintf("Saving GV 0x%x as $sym\n", $$gv); # debug
    }
    my $gvname = $gv->NAME;
    my $name = cstring($gv->STASH->NAME . "::" . $gvname);
    #warn "GV name is $name\n"; # debug
    my $egv = $gv->EGV;
    my $egvsym;
    if ($$gv != $$egv) {
	#warn(sprintf("EGV name is %s, saving it now\n",
	#	     $egv->STASH->NAME . "::" . $egv->NAME)); # debug
	$egvsym = $egv->save;
    }
    $init->add(qq[$sym = gv_fetchpv($name, TRUE, SVt_PV);],
	       sprintf("SvFLAGS($sym) = 0x%x;", $gv->FLAGS),
	       sprintf("GvFLAGS($sym) = 0x%x;", $gv->GvFLAGS),
	       sprintf("GvLINE($sym) = %u;", $gv->LINE));
    # Shouldn't need to do save_magic since gv_fetchpv handles that
    #$gv->save_magic;
    my $refcnt = $gv->REFCNT + 1;
    $init->add(sprintf("SvREFCNT($sym) += %u;", $refcnt - 1)) if $refcnt > 1;
    my $gvrefcnt = $gv->GvREFCNT;
    if ($gvrefcnt > 1) {
	$init->add(sprintf("GvREFCNT($sym) += %u;", $gvrefcnt - 1));
    }
    if (defined($egvsym)) {
	# Shared glob *foo = *bar
	$init->add("gp_free($sym);",
		   "GvGP($sym) = GvGP($egvsym);");
    } elsif ($gvname !~ /^([^A-Za-z]|STDIN|STDOUT|STDERR|ARGV|SIG|ENV)$/) {
	# Don't save subfields of special GVs (*_, *1, *# and so on)
#	warn "GV::save saving subfields\n"; # debug
	my $gvsv = $gv->SV;
	if ($$gvsv) {
	    $init->add(sprintf("GvSV($sym) = s\\_%x;", $$gvsv));
#	    warn "GV::save \$$name\n"; # debug
	    $gvsv->save;
	}
	my $gvav = $gv->AV;
	if ($$gvav) {
	    $init->add(sprintf("GvAV($sym) = s\\_%x;", $$gvav));
#	    warn "GV::save \@$name\n"; # debug
	    $gvav->save;
	}
	my $gvhv = $gv->HV;
	if ($$gvhv) {
	    $init->add(sprintf("GvHV($sym) = s\\_%x;", $$gvhv));
#	    warn "GV::save \%$name\n"; # debug
	    $gvhv->save;
	}
	my $gvcv = $gv->CV;
	if ($$gvcv) {
	    $init->add(sprintf("GvCV($sym) = (CV*)s\\_%x;", $$gvcv));
#	    warn "GV::save &$name\n"; # debug
	    $gvcv->save;
	}
	my $gvfilegv = $gv->FILEGV;
	if ($$gvfilegv) {
	    $init->add(sprintf("GvFILEGV($sym) = s\\_%x;",$$gvfilegv));
#	    warn "GV::save GvFILEGV(*$name)\n"; # debug
	    $gvfilegv->save;
	}
	my $gvform = $gv->FORM;
	if ($$gvform) {
	    $init->add(sprintf("GvFORM($sym) = (CV*)s\\_%x;", $$gvform));
#	    warn "GV::save GvFORM(*$name)\n"; # debug
	    $gvform->save;
	}
	my $gvio = $gv->IO;
	if ($$gvio) {
	    $init->add(sprintf("GvIOp($sym) = s\\_%x;", $$gvio));
#	    warn "GV::save GvIO(*$name)\n"; # debug
	    $gvio->save;
	}
    }
    return $sym;
}
sub B::AV::save {
    my ($av) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($av);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    my $avflags = $av->AvFLAGS;
    $xpvavsect->add(sprintf("0, -1, -1, 0, 0.0, 0, Nullhv, 0, 0, 0x%x",
			    $avflags));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpvav_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpvavsect->index, $av->REFCNT + 1, $av->FLAGS));
    my $sv_list_index = $svsect->index;
    my $fill = $av->FILL;
    $av->save_magic;
    warn sprintf("saving AV 0x%x FILL=$fill AvFLAGS=0x%x", $$av, $avflags)
	if $debug_av;
    # XXX AVf_REAL is wrong test: need to save comppadlist but not stack
    #if ($fill > -1 && ($avflags & AVf_REAL)) {
    if ($fill > -1) {
	my @array = $av->ARRAY;
	if ($debug_av) {
	    my $el;
	    my $i = 0;
	    foreach $el (@array) {
		warn sprintf("AV 0x%x[%d] = %s 0x%x\n",
			     $$av, $i++, class($el), $$el);
	    }
	}
	my @names = map($_->save, @array);
	# XXX Better ways to write loop?
	# Perhaps svp[0] = ...; svp[1] = ...; svp[2] = ...;
	# Perhaps I32 i = 0; svp[i++] = ...; svp[i++] = ...; svp[i++] = ...;
	$init->add("{",
		   "\tSV **svp;",
		   "\tAV *av = (AV*)&sv_list[$sv_list_index];",
		   "\tav_extend(av, $fill);",
		   "\tsvp = AvARRAY(av);",
	       map("\t*svp++ = (SV*)$_;", @names),
		   "\tAvFILLp(av) = $fill;",
		   "}");
    } else {
	my $max = $av->MAX;
	$init->add("av_extend((AV*)&sv_list[$sv_list_index], $max);")
	    if $max > -1;
    }
    return savesym($av, "(AV*)&sv_list[$sv_list_index]");
}

sub B::HV::save {
    my ($hv) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($hv);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    my $name = $hv->NAME;
    if ($name) {
	# It's a stash

	# A perl bug means HvPMROOT isn't altered when a PMOP is freed. Usually
	# the only symptom is that sv_reset tries to reset the PMf_USED flag of
	# a trashed op but we look at the trashed op_type and segfault.
	#my $adpmroot = ${$hv->PMROOT};
	my $adpmroot = 0;
	$decl->add("static HV *hv$hv_index;");
	# XXX Beware of weird package names containing double-quotes, \n, ...?
	$init->add(qq[hv$hv_index = gv_stashpv("$name", TRUE);]);
	if ($adpmroot) {
	    $init->add(sprintf("HvPMROOT(hv$hv_index) = (PMOP*)s\\_%x;",
			       $adpmroot));
	}
	$sym = savesym($hv, "hv$hv_index");
	$hv_index++;
	return $sym;
    }
    # It's just an ordinary HV
    $xpvhvsect->add(sprintf("0, 0, %d, 0, 0.0, 0, Nullhv, %d, 0, 0, 0",
			    $hv->MAX, $hv->RITER));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpvhv_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpvhvsect->index, $hv->REFCNT + 1, $hv->FLAGS));
    my $sv_list_index = $svsect->index;
    my @contents = $hv->ARRAY;
    if (@contents) {
	my $i;
	for ($i = 1; $i < @contents; $i += 2) {
	    $contents[$i] = $contents[$i]->save;
	}
	$init->add("{", "\tHV *hv = (HV*)&sv_list[$sv_list_index];");
	while (@contents) {
	    my ($key, $value) = splice(@contents, 0, 2);
	    $init->add(sprintf("\thv_store(hv, %s, %u, %s, %s);",
			       cstring($key),length($key),$value, hash($key)));
	}
	$init->add("}");
    }
    return savesym($hv, "(HV*)&sv_list[$sv_list_index]");
}

sub B::IO::save {
    my ($io) = @_;
    my $sym = objsym($io);
    return $sym if defined $sym;
    my $pv = $io->PV;
    my $len = length($pv);
    $xpviosect->add(sprintf("0, %u, %u, %d, %s, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, %d, %d, %d, %d, %s, Nullgv, %s, Nullgv, %s, Nullgv, %d, %s, 0x%x",
			    $len, $len+1, $io->IVX, $io->NVX, $io->LINES,
			    $io->PAGE, $io->PAGE_LEN, $io->LINES_LEFT,
			    cstring($io->TOP_NAME), cstring($io->FMT_NAME), 
			    cstring($io->BOTTOM_NAME), $io->SUBPROCESS,
			    cchar($io->IoTYPE), $io->IoFLAGS));
    $svsect->add(sprintf("&xpvio_list[%d], %lu, 0x%x",
			 $xpviosect->index, $io->REFCNT + 1, $io->FLAGS));
    $sym = savesym($io, sprintf("(IO*)&sv_list[%d]", $svsect->index));
    my ($field, $fsym);
    foreach $field (qw(TOP_GV FMT_GV BOTTOM_GV)) {
      	$fsym = $io->$field();
	if ($$fsym) {
	    $init->add(sprintf("Io$field($sym) = (GV*)s\\_%x;", $$fsym));
	    $fsym->save;
	}
    }
    $io->save_magic;
    return $sym;
}

sub B::SV::save {
    my $sv = shift;
    # This is where we catch an honest-to-goodness Nullsv (which gets
    # blessed into B::SV explicitly) and any stray erroneous SVs.
    return 0 unless $$sv;
    confess sprintf("cannot save that type of SV: %s (0x%x)\n",
		    class($sv), $$sv);
}

sub output_all {
    my $init_name = shift;
    my $section;
    my @sections = ($opsect, $unopsect, $binopsect, $logopsect, $condopsect,
		    $listopsect, $pmopsect, $svopsect, $gvopsect, $pvopsect,
		    $cvopsect, $loopsect, $copsect, $svsect, $xpvsect,
		    $xpvavsect, $xpvhvsect, $xpvcvsect, $xpvivsect, $xpvnvsect,
		    $xpvmgsect, $xpvlvsect, $xrvsect, $xpvbmsect, $xpviosect);
    $symsect->output(\*STDOUT, "#define %s\n");
    print "\n";
    output_declarations();
    foreach $section (@sections) {
	my $lines = $section->index + 1;
	if ($lines) {
	    my $name = $section->name;
	    my $typename = ($name eq "xpvcv") ? "XPVCV_or_similar" : uc($name);
	    print "Static $typename ${name}_list[$lines];\n";
	}
    }
    $decl->output(\*STDOUT, "%s\n");
    print "\n";
    foreach $section (@sections) {
	my $lines = $section->index + 1;
	if ($lines) {
	    my $name = $section->name;
	    my $typename = ($name eq "xpvcv") ? "XPVCV_or_similar" : uc($name);
	    printf "static %s %s_list[%u] = {\n", $typename, $name, $lines;
	    $section->output(\*STDOUT, "\t{ %s },\n");
	    print "};\n\n";
	}
    }

    print <<"EOT";
static int $init_name()
{
	dTHR;
EOT
    $init->output(\*STDOUT, "\t%s\n");
    print "\treturn 0;\n}\n";
    if ($verbose) {
	warn compile_stats();
	warn "NULLOP count: $nullop_count\n";
    }
}

sub output_declarations {
    print <<'EOT';
#ifdef BROKEN_STATIC_REDECL
#define Static extern
#else
#define Static static
#endif /* BROKEN_STATIC_REDECL */

#ifdef BROKEN_UNION_INIT
/*
 * Cribbed from cv.h with ANY (a union) replaced by void*.
 * Some pre-Standard compilers can't cope with initialising unions. Ho hum.
 */
typedef struct {
    char *	xpv_pv;		/* pointer to malloced string */
    STRLEN	xpv_cur;	/* length of xp_pv as a C string */
    STRLEN	xpv_len;	/* allocated size */
    IV		xof_off;	/* integer value */
    double	xnv_nv;		/* numeric value, if any */
    MAGIC*	xmg_magic;	/* magic for scalar array */
    HV*		xmg_stash;	/* class package */

    HV *	xcv_stash;
    OP *	xcv_start;
    OP *	xcv_root;
    void      (*xcv_xsub) _((CV*));
    void *	xcv_xsubany;
    GV *	xcv_gv;
    GV *	xcv_filegv;
    long	xcv_depth;		/* >= 2 indicates recursive call */
    AV *	xcv_padlist;
    CV *	xcv_outside;
#ifdef USE_THREADS
    perl_mutex *xcv_mutexp;
    struct perl_thread *xcv_owner;	/* current owner thread */
#endif /* USE_THREADS */
    U8		xcv_flags;
} XPVCV_or_similar;
#define ANYINIT(i) i
#else
#define XPVCV_or_similar XPVCV
#define ANYINIT(i) {i}
#endif /* BROKEN_UNION_INIT */
#define Nullany ANYINIT(0)

#define UNUSED 0
#define sym_0 0

EOT
    print "static GV *gv_list[$gv_index];\n" if $gv_index;
    print "\n";
}


sub output_boilerplate {
    print <<'EOT';
#include "EXTERN.h"
#include "perl.h"
#ifndef PATCHLEVEL
#include "patchlevel.h"
#endif

/* Workaround for mapstart: the only op which needs a different ppaddr */
#undef pp_mapstart
#define pp_mapstart pp_grepstart

static void xs_init _((void));
static PerlInterpreter *my_perl;
EOT
}

sub output_main {
    print <<'EOT';
int
#ifndef CAN_PROTOTYPE
main(argc, argv, env)
int argc;
char **argv;
char **env;
#else  /* def(CAN_PROTOTYPE) */
main(int argc, char **argv, char **env)
#endif  /* def(CAN_PROTOTYPE) */
{
    int exitstatus;
    int i;
    char **fakeargv;

    PERL_SYS_INIT(&argc,&argv);
 
    perl_init_i18nl10n(1);

    if (!do_undump) {
	my_perl = perl_alloc();
	if (!my_perl)
	    exit(1);
	perl_construct( my_perl );
    }

#ifdef CSH
    if (!cshlen) 
      cshlen = strlen(cshname);
#endif

#ifdef ALLOW_PERL_OPTIONS
#define EXTRA_OPTIONS 2
#else
#define EXTRA_OPTIONS 3
#endif /* ALLOW_PERL_OPTIONS */
    New(666, fakeargv, argc + EXTRA_OPTIONS + 1, char *);
    fakeargv[0] = argv[0];
    fakeargv[1] = "-e";
    fakeargv[2] = "";
#ifndef ALLOW_PERL_OPTIONS
    fakeargv[3] = "--";
#endif /* ALLOW_PERL_OPTIONS */
    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
	fakeargv[i + EXTRA_OPTIONS] = argv[i];
    fakeargv[argc + EXTRA_OPTIONS] = 0;
    
    exitstatus = perl_parse(my_perl, xs_init, argc + EXTRA_OPTIONS,
			    fakeargv, NULL);
    if (exitstatus)
	exit( exitstatus );

    sv_setpv(GvSV(gv_fetchpv("0", TRUE, SVt_PV)), argv[0]);
    main_cv = compcv;
    compcv = 0;

    exitstatus = perl_init();
    if (exitstatus)
	exit( exitstatus );

    exitstatus = perl_run( my_perl );

    perl_destruct( my_perl );
    perl_free( my_perl );

    exit( exitstatus );
}

static void
xs_init()
{
}
EOT
}

sub dump_symtable {
    # For debugging
    my ($sym, $val);
    warn "----Symbol table:\n";
    while (($sym, $val) = each %symtable) {
	warn "$sym => $val\n";
    }
    warn "---End of symbol table\n";
}

sub save_object {
    my $sv;
    foreach $sv (@_) {
	svref_2object($sv)->save;
    }
}

sub B::GV::savecv {
    my $gv = shift;
    my $cv = $gv->CV;
    my $name = $gv->NAME;
    if ($$cv && !objsym($cv) && !($name eq "bootstrap" && $cv->XSUB)) {
	if ($debug_cv) {
	    warn sprintf("saving extra CV &%s::%s (0x%x) from GV 0x%x\n",
			 $gv->STASH->NAME, $name, $$cv, $$gv);
	}
	$gv->save;
    }
}

sub save_unused_subs {
    my %search_pack;
    map { $search_pack{$_} = 1 } @_;
    no strict qw(vars refs);
    walksymtable(\%{"main::"}, "savecv", sub {
	my $package = shift;
	$package =~ s/::$//;
	#warn "Considering $package\n";#debug
	return 1 if exists $search_pack{$package};
	#warn "    (nothing explicit)\n";#debug
	# Omit the packages which we use (and which cause grief
	# because of fancy "goto &$AUTOLOAD" stuff).
	# XXX Surely there must be a nicer way to do this.
	if ($package eq "FileHandle"
	    || $package eq "Config"
	    || $package eq "SelectSaver") {
	    return 0;
	}
	my $m;
	foreach $m (qw(new DESTROY TIESCALAR TIEARRAY TIEHASH)) {
	    if (defined(&{$package."::$m"})) {
		warn "$package has method $m: -u$package assumed\n";#debug
		return 1;
	    }
	}
	return 0;
    });
}

sub save_main {
    my $curpad_sym = (comppadlist->ARRAY)[1]->save;
    walkoptree(main_root, "save");
    warn "done main optree, walking symtable for extras\n" if $debug_cv;
    save_unused_subs(@unused_sub_packages);

    $init->add(sprintf("main_root = s\\_%x;", ${main_root()}),
	       sprintf("main_start = s\\_%x;", ${main_start()}),
	       "curpad = AvARRAY($curpad_sym);");
    output_boilerplate();
    print "\n";
    output_all("perl_init");
    print "\n";
    output_main();
}

sub init_sections {
    my @sections = (init => \$init, decl => \$decl, sym => \$symsect,
		    binop => \$binopsect, condop => \$condopsect,
		    cop => \$copsect, cvop => \$cvopsect, gvop => \$gvopsect,
		    listop => \$listopsect, logop => \$logopsect,
		    loop => \$loopsect, op => \$opsect, pmop => \$pmopsect,
		    pvop => \$pvopsect, svop => \$svopsect, unop => \$unopsect,
		    sv => \$svsect, xpv => \$xpvsect, xpvav => \$xpvavsect,
		    xpvhv => \$xpvhvsect, xpvcv => \$xpvcvsect,
		    xpviv => \$xpvivsect, xpvnv => \$xpvnvsect,
		    xpvmg => \$xpvmgsect, xpvlv => \$xpvlvsect,
		    xrv => \$xrvsect, xpvbm => \$xpvbmsect,
		    xpvio => \$xpviosect);
    my ($name, $sectref);
    while (($name, $sectref) = splice(@sections, 0, 2)) {
	$$sectref = new B::Section $name, \%symtable, 0;
    }
}

sub compile {
    my @options = @_;
    my ($option, $opt, $arg);
  OPTION:
    while ($option = shift @options) {
	if ($option =~ /^-(.)(.*)/) {
	    $opt = $1;
	    $arg = $2;
	} else {
	    unshift @options, $option;
	    last OPTION;
	}
	if ($opt eq "-" && $arg eq "-") {
	    shift @options;
	    last OPTION;
	}
	if ($opt eq "w") {
	    $warn_undefined_syms = 1;
	} elsif ($opt eq "D") {
	    $arg ||= shift @options;
	    foreach $arg (split(//, $arg)) {
		if ($arg eq "o") {
		    B->debug(1);
		} elsif ($arg eq "c") {
		    $debug_cops = 1;
		} elsif ($arg eq "A") {
		    $debug_av = 1;
		} elsif ($arg eq "C") {
		    $debug_cv = 1;
		} elsif ($arg eq "M") {
		    $debug_mg = 1;
		} else {
		    warn "ignoring unknown debug option: $arg\n";
		}
	    }
	} elsif ($opt eq "o") {
	    $arg ||= shift @options;
	    open(STDOUT, ">$arg") or return "$arg: $!\n";
	} elsif ($opt eq "v") {
	    $verbose = 1;
	} elsif ($opt eq "u") {
	    $arg ||= shift @options;
	    push(@unused_sub_packages, $arg);
	} elsif ($opt eq "f") {
	    $arg ||= shift @options;
	    if ($arg eq "cog") {
		$pv_copy_on_grow = 1;
	    } elsif ($arg eq "no-cog") {
		$pv_copy_on_grow = 0;
	    }
	} elsif ($opt eq "O") {
	    $arg = 1 if $arg eq "";
	    $pv_copy_on_grow = 0;
	    if ($arg >= 1) {
		# Optimisations for -O1
		$pv_copy_on_grow = 1;
	    }
	}
    }
    init_sections();
    if (@options) {
	return sub {
	    my $objname;
	    foreach $objname (@options) {
		eval "save_object(\\$objname)";
	    }
	    output_all();
	}
    } else {
	return sub { save_main() };
    }
}

1;