1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
|
package PerlIO;
# Map layer name to package that defines it
my %alias = (encoding => 'Encode');
sub import
{
my $class = shift;
while (@_)
{
my $layer = shift;
if (exists $alias{$layer})
{
$layer = $alias{$layer}
}
else
{
$layer = "${class}::$layer";
}
eval "require $layer";
warn $@ if $@;
}
}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
=head1 SYNOPSIS
open($fh,">:crlf","my.txt")
open($fh,">:raw","his.jpg")
Shell:
PERLIO=perlio perl ....
=head1 DESCRIPTION
When an undefined layer 'foo' is encountered in an C<open> or C<binmode> layer
specification then C code performs the equivalent of:
use PerlIO 'foo';
The perl code in PerlIO.pm then attempts to locate a layer by doing
require PerlIO::foo;
Otherwise the C<PerlIO> package is a place holder for additional PerLIO related
functions.
The following layers are currently defined:
=over 4
=item unix
Low level layer which calls C<read>, C<write> and C<lseek> etc.
=item stdio
Layer which calls C<fread>, C<fwrite> and C<fseek>/C<ftell> etc.
Note that as this is "real" stdio it will ignore any layers beneath it and
got straight to the operating system via the C library as usual.
=item perlio
This is a re-implementation of "stdio-like" buffering written as a PerlIO "layer".
As such it will call whatever layer is below it for its operations.
=item crlf
A layer which does CRLF to "\n" translation distinguishing "text" and "binary"
files in the manner of MS-DOS and similar operating systems.
=item utf8
Declares that the stream accepts perl's internal encoding of characters.
(Which really is UTF-8 on ASCII machines, but is UTF-EBCDIC on EBCDIC machines.)
This allows any character perl can represent to be read from or written to the
stream. The UTF-X encoding is chosen to render simple text parts (i.e.
non-accented letters, digits and common punctuation) human readable in the
encoded file.
=item raw
A pseudo-layer which performs two functions (which is messy, but necessary to
maintain compatibility with non-PerLIO builds of perl and they way things
have been documented elsewhere).
Firstly it forces the file handle to be considered binary at that point
in the layer stack,
Secondly in prevents the IO system seaching back before it in the layer specification.
Thus:
open($fh,":raw:perlio"),...)
Forces the use of C<perlio> layer even if the platform default, or C<use open> default
is something else (such as ":encoding(iso-8859-7)" ) which would interfere with
binary nature of the stream.
=back
=head2 Defaults and how to override them
If the platform is MS-DOS like and normally does CRLF to "\n" translation
for text files then the default layers are :
unix crlf
(The low level "unix" layer may be replaced by a platform specific low level layer.)
Otherwise if C<Configure> found out how to do "fast" IO using system's stdio, then
the default layers are :
unix stdio
Otherwise the default layers are
unix perlio
These defaults may change once perlio has been better tested and tuned.
The default can be overridden by setting the environment variable PERLIO
to a space separated list of layers (unix or platform low level layer is
always pushed first).
This can be used to see the effect of/bugs in the various layers e.g.
cd .../perl/t
PERLIO=stdio ./perl harness
PERLIO=perlio ./perl harness
=head1 AUTHOR
Nick Ing-Simmons E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<perlfunc/"binmode">, L<perlfunc/"open">, L<perlunicode>, L<open>
=cut
|
