PHP 7.4 INTERNALS UPGRADE NOTES 1. Internal API changes a. php_sys_symlink() and php_sys_link() b. zend_lookup_class_ex() and zend_fetch_class_by_name() c. Function/property/class flags d. Removed zend_check_private() e. php_win32_error_to_msg() memory management f. get_properties_for() handler / Z_OBJDEBUG_P g. Required object handlers h. Immutable classes and op_arrays i. php_fgetcsv() and php_fputcsv() j. Removed add_get_assoc_*() and add_get_index_*() k. Class declaration opcodes l. HASH_FLAG_INITIALIZED m. write_property return value n. Assignments to references 2. Build system changes a. Abstract b. Unix build system changes c. Windows build system changes 3. Module changes a. ext/xml b. ext/hash ======================== 1. Internal API changes ======================== a. php_sys_symlink() and php_sys_link() portability macros have been added, which behave like POSIX's symlink() and link(), respectively, on POSIX compliant systems and on Windows. b. zend_lookup_class_ex() and zend_fetch_class_by_name() prototypes were changed to accept optional lower-case class name as zend_string*, instead of zval*. c. Function/property/class flags changes - ZEND_ACC_CTOR and ZEND_ACC_DTOR are removed. It's possible to check if method is a constructor/destructor using the following condition (func->common.scope->constructor == func). - ZEND_ACC_IMPLEMENTED_ABSTRACT is removed (it was used only internally during inheritance). - ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_PUBLIC is removed (it was used only for reflection) - ZEND_ACC_SHADOW property flag is removed. Instead of creating shadow clone, now we use the same private property_info, and should also check property_info->ce (in the same way as with methods). - ZEND_ACC_ANON_BOUND is replaced with ZEND_ACC_LINKED. This flag is set not only during anonymous classes declaration, but also during any run-time or compile-time class declaration. - ZEND_ACC_NO_RT_ARENA renamed into ZEND_ACC_HEAP_RT_CACHE. Now it's used not only for closures, but also for pseudo-main op_arrays. - ZEND_ACC_... flags are re-numbered. d. zend_check_private() is removed. Use (func->common.scope == scope) instead. e. Pointers returned by php_win32_error_to_msg() have to be freed using php_win32_error_msg_free(). Same regarding php_win_err() vs. php_win_err_free(). f. A new, optional object handler with the signature HashTable *get_properties_for(zval *obj, zend_prop_purpose purpose) has been introduced, where zend_prop_purpose (currently) takes one of: ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_DEBUG // var_dump etc. ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_ARRAY_CAST // (array) $obj ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_SERIALIZE // "O"-format serialization (__wakeup) ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_VAR_EXPORT // var_export (__set_state) ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_JSON // json_encode The handler returns a non-null HashTable with increased refcounted, and the return value must be released using zend_release_properties(). This handler serves the same general function as get_properties(), but provides more control over different property uses, while also making it possible to return a temporary property table. get_properties() is still used in cases where none of the above purposes apply, but overloading get_properties() is generally discouraged. If you want to provide purposes for general usage rather than just debugging or serialization, please prefer using properly declared properties. get_debug_info() is superseded by get_properties_for() with the ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_DEBUG purpose, but remains available for backwards- compatibility reasons. However, while it is fine to define this handler, it should never be directly called by consuming code. The Z_OBJDEBUG_P macro has been removed. It should be replaced by calls to zend_get_properties_for() with the ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_DEBUG purpose: // OLD int is_temp; HashTable *ht = Z_OBJDEBUG_P(obj, is_temp); // ... if (is_temp) { zend_hash_destroy(ht); FREE_HASHTABLE(ht); } // NEW HashTable *ht = zend_get_properties_for(obj, ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_DEBUG); // ... zend_release_properties(ht); g. The following object handlers are now required (must be non-NULL): * free_obj * dtor_obj * read_property * write_property * read_dimension * write_dimension * get_property_ptr_ptr * has_property * unset_property * has_dimension * unset_dimension * get_properties * get_method * get_constructor * get_class_name * get_gc It is recommended to initialize object handler structures by copying the std object handlers and only overwriting those you want to change. h. Opcache may make classes and op_arrays immutable. Such classes are marked by ZEND_ACC_IMMUTABLE flag, they are not going to be copied from opcache shared memory to process memory and must not be modified at all. Few related data structures were changed to allow addressing mutable data structures from immutable ones. This access is implemented through ZEND_MAP_PTR... abstraction macros and, basically, uses additional level of indirection. op_array->run_time_cache, op_array->static_variables_ptr and class_entry->static_members_table now have to be accessed through ZEND_MAP_PTR... macros. It's also not allowed to change op_array->reserved[] handles of immutable op_arrays. Instead, now you have to reserve op_array handle using zend_get_op_array_extension_handle() during MINIT and access its value using ZEND_OP_ARRAY_EXTENSION(op_array, handle). i. The type of the escape parameter of php_fgetcsv() and php_fputcsv() has been changed from char to int. This allows to pass the new constant macro PHP_CSV_NO_ESCAPE to this parameter, to disable PHP's proprietary escape mechanism. j. add_get_assoc_*() and add_get_index_*() are removed. Use add_assoc*(), add_index*() or zend_hash_*() API functions instead. k. Complex class declaration opcodes ZEND_ADD_INTERFACE, ZEND_ADD_TRAIT, ZEND_BIND_TRAITS and ZEND_VERIFY_ABSTRACT_CLASS were removed. Information about interfaces and traits is kept in zend_class_entry structure and actual linked performed by ZEND_DECLARE_...CLASS... opcode(s). Linked classes have ZEND_ACC_LINKED flag set. l. HASH_FLAG_INITIALIZED was reverted into HASH_FLAG_UNINITIALIZED. Special HT_IS_INITIALIZED() and HT_INVALIDATE() macro were introduced to hide implementation details. m. The write_property() object handler now returns the assigned value (after possible type coercions) rather than void. For extensions, it should usually be sufficient to return whatever was passed as the argument. n. Assignments to references now need to ensure that they respect property types that affect the reference. This means that references should no longer be directly assigned to, and instead a set of specialized macros of the form ZEND_TRY_ASSIGN* needs to be used. You can find detailed porting instructions as well as a compatibility shim in the wiki: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/typed_properties_v2#assignments_to_references ======================== 2. Build system changes ======================== a. Abstract - The hash extension is now always available, meaning the --enable-hash configure argument has been removed. b. Unix build system changes - configure --help now also outputs --program-suffix and --program-prefix information by using the Autoconf AC_ARG_PROGRAM macro. - Obsolescent macros AC_FUNC_VPRINTF and AC_FUNC_UTIME_NULL have been removed. Symbols HAVE_VPRINTF and HAVE_UTIME_NULL are no longer defined since they are not needed on the current systems. c. Windows build system changes ======================== 3. Module changes ======================== a. ext/xml - The public (internal) API of the ext/xml extension has been removed. All functions and structures are private to the extension now. b. ext/hash - The hash extension is now always available, allowing extensions to rely on its functionality to be available without compile time checks.