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PHP 7.4 INTERNALS UPGRADE NOTES
1. Internal API changes
a. php_sys_symlink() and php_sys_link()
b. zend_lookup_class_ex() and zend_fetch_class_by_name()
c. Function/property/class flags
d. Removed zend_check_private()
e. php_win32_error_to_msg() memory management
f. get_properties_for() handler / Z_OBJDEBUG_P
g. Required object handlers
h. Immutable classes and op_arrays
i. php_fgetcsv() and php_fputcsv()
j. Removed add_get_assoc_*() and add_get_index_*()
k. Class declaration opcodes
l. HASH_FLAG_INITIALIZED
m. write_property return value
n. Assignments to references
o. ZEND_COMPILE_EXTENDED_INFO split
p. ZEND_EXT_FCALL_BEGIN can access arguments
q. ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_USER_FUNCTIONS and ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS
r. TSRM environment locking
s. Typed references support
t. Exceptions thrown by string conversions.
2. Build system changes
a. Abstract
b. Unix build system changes
c. Windows build system changes
3. Module changes
a. ext/xml
b. ext/hash
========================
1. Internal API changes
========================
a. php_sys_symlink() and php_sys_link() portability macros have been
added, which behave like POSIX's symlink() and link(), respectively, on
POSIX compliant systems and on Windows.
b. zend_lookup_class_ex() and zend_fetch_class_by_name() prototypes were
changed to accept optional lower-case class name as zend_string*,
instead of zval*.
c. Function/property/class flags changes
- ZEND_ACC_IMPLEMENTED_ABSTRACT is removed (it was used only internally
during inheritance).
- ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_PUBLIC is removed (it was used only for reflection)
- ZEND_ACC_SHADOW property flag is removed. Instead of creating shadow
clone, now we use the same private property_info, and should also
check property_info->ce (in the same way as with methods).
- ZEND_ACC_ANON_BOUND is replaced with ZEND_ACC_LINKED. This flag is set
not only during anonymous classes declaration, but also during any
run-time or compile-time class declaration.
- ZEND_ACC_NO_RT_ARENA renamed into ZEND_ACC_HEAP_RT_CACHE. Now it's used
not only for closures, but also for pseudo-main op_arrays.
- ZEND_ACC_... flags are re-numbered.
d. zend_check_private() is removed. Use (func->common.scope == scope) instead.
e. Pointers returned by php_win32_error_to_msg() have to be freed using
php_win32_error_msg_free(). Same regarding php_win_err() vs.
php_win_err_free().
f. A new, optional object handler with the signature
HashTable *get_properties_for(zval *obj, zend_prop_purpose purpose)
has been introduced, where zend_prop_purpose (currently) takes one of:
ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_DEBUG // var_dump etc.
ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_ARRAY_CAST // (array) $obj
ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_SERIALIZE // "O"-format serialization (__wakeup)
ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_VAR_EXPORT // var_export (__set_state)
ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_JSON // json_encode
The handler returns a non-null HashTable with increased refcounted, and
the return value must be released using zend_release_properties().
This handler serves the same general function as get_properties(), but
provides more control over different property uses, while also making
it possible to return a temporary property table.
get_properties() is still used in cases where none of the above purposes
apply, but overloading get_properties() is generally discouraged. If you
want to provide purposes for general usage rather than just debugging or
serialization, please prefer using properly declared properties.
get_debug_info() is superseded by get_properties_for() with the
ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_DEBUG purpose, but remains available for backwards-
compatibility reasons. However, while it is fine to define this handler,
it should never be directly called by consuming code.
The Z_OBJDEBUG_P macro has been removed. It should be replaced by calls to
zend_get_properties_for() with the ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_DEBUG purpose:
// OLD
int is_temp;
HashTable *ht = Z_OBJDEBUG_P(obj, is_temp);
// ...
if (is_temp) {
zend_hash_destroy(ht);
FREE_HASHTABLE(ht);
}
// NEW
HashTable *ht = zend_get_properties_for(obj, ZEND_PROP_PURPOSE_DEBUG);
// ...
zend_release_properties(ht);
g. The following object handlers are now required (must be non-NULL):
* free_obj
* dtor_obj
* read_property
* write_property
* read_dimension
* write_dimension
* get_property_ptr_ptr
* has_property
* unset_property
* has_dimension
* unset_dimension
* get_properties
* get_method
* get_constructor
* get_class_name
* get_gc
It is recommended to initialize object handler structures by copying the
std object handlers and only overwriting those you want to change.
h. Opcache may make classes and op_arrays immutable. Such classes are marked
by ZEND_ACC_IMMUTABLE flag, they are not going to be copied from opcache
shared memory to process memory and must not be modified at all.
Few related data structures were changed to allow addressing mutable data
structures from immutable ones. This access is implemented through
ZEND_MAP_PTR... abstraction macros and, basically, uses additional level of
indirection. op_array->run_time_cache, op_array->static_variables_ptr and
class_entry->static_members_table now have to be accessed through
ZEND_MAP_PTR... macros.
It's also not allowed to change op_array->reserved[] handles of immutable
op_arrays. Instead, now you have to reserve op_array handle using
zend_get_op_array_extension_handle() during MINIT and access its value
using ZEND_OP_ARRAY_EXTENSION(op_array, handle).
i. The type of the escape parameter of php_fgetcsv() and php_fputcsv() has
been changed from char to int. This allows to pass the new constant macro
PHP_CSV_NO_ESCAPE to this parameter, to disable PHP's proprietary escape
mechanism.
j. add_get_assoc_*() and add_get_index_*() are removed. Use add_assoc*(),
add_index*() or zend_hash_*() API functions instead.
k. Complex class declaration opcodes ZEND_ADD_INTERFACE, ZEND_ADD_TRAIT,
ZEND_BIND_TRAITS and ZEND_VERIFY_ABSTRACT_CLASS were removed. Information
about interfaces and traits is kept in zend_class_entry structure and
actual linked performed by ZEND_DECLARE_...CLASS... opcode(s).
Linked classes have ZEND_ACC_LINKED flag set.
l. HASH_FLAG_INITIALIZED was reverted into HASH_FLAG_UNINITIALIZED.
Special HT_IS_INITIALIZED() and HT_INVALIDATE() macro were introduced
to hide implementation details.
m. The write_property() object handler now returns the assigned value (after
possible type coercions) rather than void. For extensions, it should
usually be sufficient to return whatever was passed as the argument.
n. Assignments to references now need to ensure that they respect property
types that affect the reference. This means that references should no
longer be directly assigned to, and instead a set of specialized macros
of the form ZEND_TRY_ASSIGN* needs to be used. You can find detailed
porting instructions as well as a compatibility shim in the wiki:
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/typed_properties_v2#assignments_to_references
o. ZEND_COMPILE_EXTENDED_INFO has been split into:
ZEND_COMPILE_EXTENDED_FCALL and ZEND_COMPILE_EXTENDED_STMT
This allows tooling to choose between profiling and debugging behaviour
ZEND_COMPILE_EXTENDED_INFO remains and preserves behaviour.
p. ZEND_EXT_BEGIN_FCALL is emitted after arguments are sent, this means
that handlers may access arguments.
q. ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_USER_FUNCTIONS and ZEND_COMPILE_IGNORE_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS
are respected by zend_get_call_op such that when set, the only possible
call opcodes are ZEND_DO_FCALL and ZEND_DO_FCALL_BY_NAME, previously they
were ignored by zend_get_call_op.
r. TSRM adds tsrm_env_lock() and tsrm_env_unlock() for ZTS:
code that may change environ and may run concurrently with user code in ZTS
is expected to use this exclusion API to maintain as much safety as reasonable.
This results in "thread safe" getenv/putenv in Windows and Unix, however
functions that may read the environment without exclusion still exist,
for example:
- setlocale
- mktime
- tzset
The above is not an exhaustive list of such functions, while getenv/putenv will
behave as if they are safe, care should still be taken in multi-threaded
environments.
s. Correct support for typed properties requires the use of new macros to
assign values to references. For more information see
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/typed_properties_v2#impact_on_extensions.
t. convert_to_string() and zval_get_string() are now more likely to result in
an exception. For instructions on how to gracefully handle this see
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/tostring_exceptions#extension_guidelines.
========================
2. Build system changes
========================
a. Abstract
- The hash extension is now always available, meaning the --enable-hash
configure argument has been removed.
- The filter extension no longer exposes the --with-pcre-dir configure
argument and therefore allows shared builds with ./configure for Unix
builds.
b. Unix build system changes
- configure --help now also outputs --program-suffix and --program-prefix
information by using the Autoconf AC_ARG_PROGRAM macro.
- Obsolescent macros AC_FUNC_VPRINTF and AC_FUNC_UTIME_NULL have been
removed. Symbols HAVE_VPRINTF and HAVE_UTIME_NULL are no longer defined
since they are not needed on the current systems.
- Local PHP m4 unused or obsolete macros have been removed:
PHP_TARGET_RDYNAMIC, PHP_SOLARIS_PIC_WEIRDNESS, PHP_SYS_LFS,
PHP_AC_BROKEN_SPRINTF, PHP_EXTENSION, PHP_DECLARED_TIMEZONE,
PHP_CHECK_TYPES, PHP_TM_GMTOFF, PHP_CHECK_64BIT, PHP_READDIR_R_TYPE,
PHP_SETUP_KERBEROS.
- new --enable-rtld-now build option allow to switch dlopen behavior
from RTLD_LAZY to RTLD_NOW
- Minimum Bison version is 3.0+ for generating parser files.
- PHP_PROG_BISON macro now takes two optional arguments - minimum required
version and excluded versions that aren't supported.
- PHP_PROG_RE2C is not called in the generated configure.ac for extensions
anymore and now takes one optional argument - minimum required version.
- with-pcre-valgrind and with-valgrind are merged, and valgrind detected by
pkgconfig
c. Windows build system changes
. Visual Studio 2019 is utilized for the Windows builds
========================
3. Module changes
========================
a. ext/xml
- The public (internal) API of the ext/xml extension has been removed. All
functions and structures are private to the extension now.
b. ext/hash
- The hash extension is now always available, allowing extensions to rely
on its functionality to be available without compile time checks.
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