path: root/markdown/__init__.py

"""
Python Markdown
===============

Python Markdown converts Markdown to HTML and can be used as a library or
called from the command line.

## Basic usage as a module:

    import markdown
    html = markdown.markdown(your_text_string)

See <https://pythonhosted.org/Markdown/> for more
information and instructions on how to extend the functionality of
Python Markdown.  Read that before you try modifying this file.

## Authors and License

Started by [Manfred Stienstra](http://www.dwerg.net/).  Continued and
maintained  by [Yuri Takhteyev](http://www.freewisdom.org), [Waylan
Limberg](http://achinghead.com/) and [Artem Yunusov](http://blog.splyer.com).

Contact: markdown@freewisdom.org

Copyright 2007-2013 The Python Markdown Project (v. 1.7 and later)
Copyright 200? Django Software Foundation (OrderedDict implementation)
Copyright 2004, 2005, 2006 Yuri Takhteyev (v. 0.2-1.6b)
Copyright 2004 Manfred Stienstra (the original version)

License: BSD (see LICENSE for details).
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from .__version__ import version, version_info  # noqa
import codecs
import sys
import logging
import warnings
import importlib
from . import util
from .preprocessors import build_preprocessors
from .blockprocessors import build_block_parser
from .treeprocessors import build_treeprocessors
from .inlinepatterns import build_inlinepatterns
from .postprocessors import build_postprocessors
from .extensions import Extension
from .serializers import to_html_string, to_xhtml_string

__all__ = ['Markdown', 'markdown', 'markdownFromFile']


logger = logging.getLogger('MARKDOWN')


class Markdown(object):
    """Convert Markdown to HTML."""

    doc_tag = "div"     # Element used to wrap document - later removed

    option_defaults = {
        'html_replacement_text': '[HTML_REMOVED]',
        'tab_length':            4,
        'enable_attributes':     True,
        'smart_emphasis':        True,
        'lazy_ol':               True,
    }

    output_formats = {
        'html':   to_html_string,
        'html4':  to_html_string,
        'html5':  to_html_string,
        'xhtml':  to_xhtml_string,
        'xhtml1': to_xhtml_string,
        'xhtml5': to_xhtml_string,
    }

    ESCAPED_CHARS = ['\\', '`', '*', '_', '{', '}', '[', ']',
                     '(', ')', '>', '#', '+', '-', '.', '!']

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Creates a new Markdown instance.

        Keyword arguments:

        * extensions: A list of extensions.
           If they are of type string, the module mdx_name.py will be loaded.
           If they are a subclass of markdown.Extension, they will be used
           as-is.
        * extension_configs: Configuration settings for extensions.
        * output_format: Format of output. Supported formats are:
            * "xhtml1": Outputs XHTML 1.x. Default.
            * "xhtml5": Outputs XHTML style tags of HTML 5
            * "xhtml": Outputs latest supported version of XHTML
              (currently XHTML 1.1).
            * "html4": Outputs HTML 4
            * "html5": Outputs HTML style tags of HTML 5
            * "html": Outputs latest supported version of HTML
              (currently HTML 4).
            Note that it is suggested that the more specific formats ("xhtml1"
            and "html4") be used as "xhtml" or "html" may change in the future
            if it makes sense at that time.
        * safe_mode: Deprecated! Disallow raw html. One of "remove", "replace"
          or "escape".
        * html_replacement_text: Deprecated! Text used when safe_mode is set
          to "replace".
        * tab_length: Length of tabs in the source. Default: 4
        * enable_attributes: Enable the conversion of attributes. Default: True
        * smart_emphasis: Treat `_connected_words_` intelligently Default: True
        * lazy_ol: Ignore number of first item of ordered lists. Default: True

        """

        # For backward compatibility, loop through old positional args
        pos = ['extensions', 'extension_configs', 'safe_mode', 'output_format']
        for c, arg in enumerate(args):
            if pos[c] not in kwargs:
                kwargs[pos[c]] = arg
            if c+1 == len(pos):  # pragma: no cover
                # ignore any additional args
                break
        if len(args):
            warnings.warn('Positional arguments are deprecated in Markdown. '
                          'Use keyword arguments only.',
                          DeprecationWarning)

        # Loop through kwargs and assign defaults
        for option, default in self.option_defaults.items():
            setattr(self, option, kwargs.get(option, default))

        self.safeMode = kwargs.get('safe_mode', False)
        if self.safeMode and 'enable_attributes' not in kwargs:
            # Disable attributes in safeMode when not explicitly set
            self.enable_attributes = False

        if 'safe_mode' in kwargs:
            warnings.warn('"safe_mode" is deprecated in Python-Markdown. '
                          'Use an HTML sanitizer (like '
                          'Bleach http://bleach.readthedocs.org/) '
                          'if you are parsing untrusted markdown text. '
                          'See the 2.6 release notes for more info',
                          DeprecationWarning)

        if 'html_replacement_text' in kwargs:
            warnings.warn('The "html_replacement_text" keyword is '
                          'deprecated along with "safe_mode".',
                          DeprecationWarning)

        self.registeredExtensions = []
        self.docType = ""
        self.stripTopLevelTags = True

        self.build_parser()

        self.references = {}
        self.htmlStash = util.HtmlStash()
        self.registerExtensions(extensions=kwargs.get('extensions', []),
                                configs=kwargs.get('extension_configs', {}))
        self.set_output_format(kwargs.get('output_format', 'xhtml1'))
        self.reset()

    def build_parser(self):
        """ Build the parser from the various parts. """
        self.preprocessors = build_preprocessors(self)
        self.parser = build_block_parser(self)
        self.inlinePatterns = build_inlinepatterns(self)
        self.treeprocessors = build_treeprocessors(self)
        self.postprocessors = build_postprocessors(self)
        return self

    def registerExtensions(self, extensions, configs):
        """
        Register extensions with this instance of Markdown.

        Keyword arguments:

        * extensions: A list of extensions, which can either
           be strings or objects.  See the docstring on Markdown.
        * configs: A dictionary mapping module names to config options.

        """
        for ext in extensions:
            if isinstance(ext, util.string_type):
                ext = self.build_extension(ext, configs.get(ext, {}))
            if isinstance(ext, Extension):
                ext.extendMarkdown(self, globals())
                logger.debug(
                    'Successfully loaded extension "%s.%s".'
                    % (ext.__class__.__module__, ext.__class__.__name__)
                )
            elif ext is not None:
                raise TypeError(
                    'Extension "%s.%s" must be of type: "markdown.Extension"'
                    % (ext.__class__.__module__, ext.__class__.__name__))

        return self

    def build_extension(self, ext_name, configs):
        """Build extension by name, then return the module.

        The extension name may contain arguments as part of the string in the
        following format: "extname(key1=value1,key2=value2)"

        """

        configs = dict(configs)

        # Parse extensions config params (ignore the order)
        pos = ext_name.find("(")  # find the first "("
        if pos > 0:
            ext_args = ext_name[pos+1:-1]
            ext_name = ext_name[:pos]
            pairs = [x.split("=") for x in ext_args.split(",")]
            configs.update([(x.strip(), y.strip()) for (x, y) in pairs])
            warnings.warn('Setting configs in the Named Extension string is '
                          'deprecated. It is recommended that you '
                          'pass an instance of the extension class to '
                          'Markdown or use the "extension_configs" keyword. '
                          'The current behavior will raise an error in version 2.7. '
                          'See the Release Notes for Python-Markdown version '
                          '2.6 for more info.', DeprecationWarning)

        # Get class name (if provided): `path.to.module:ClassName`
        ext_name, class_name = ext_name.split(':', 1) \
            if ':' in ext_name else (ext_name, '')

        # Try loading the extension first from one place, then another
        try:
            # Assume string uses dot syntax (`path.to.some.module`)
            module = importlib.import_module(ext_name)
            logger.debug(
                'Successfuly imported extension module "%s".' % ext_name
            )
            # For backward compat (until deprecation)
            # check that this is an extension.
            if ('.' not in ext_name and not (hasattr(module, 'makeExtension') or
               (class_name and hasattr(module, class_name)))):
                # We have a name conflict
                # eg: extensions=['tables'] and PyTables is installed
                raise ImportError
        except ImportError:
            # Preppend `markdown.extensions.` to name
            module_name = '.'.join(['markdown.extensions', ext_name])
            try:
                module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
                logger.debug(
                    'Successfuly imported extension module "%s".' %
                    module_name
                )
                warnings.warn('Using short names for Markdown\'s builtin '
                              'extensions is deprecated. Use the '
                              'full path to the extension with Python\'s dot '
                              'notation (eg: "%s" instead of "%s"). The '
                              'current behavior will raise an error in version '
                              '2.7. See the Release Notes for '
                              'Python-Markdown version 2.6 for more info.' %
                              (module_name, ext_name),
                              DeprecationWarning)
            except ImportError:
                # Preppend `mdx_` to name
                module_name_old_style = '_'.join(['mdx', ext_name])
                try:
                    module = importlib.import_module(module_name_old_style)
                    logger.debug(
                        'Successfuly imported extension module "%s".' %
                        module_name_old_style)
                    warnings.warn('Markdown\'s behavior of prepending "mdx_" '
                                  'to an extension name is deprecated. '
                                  'Use the full path to the '
                                  'extension with Python\'s dot notation '
                                  '(eg: "%s" instead of "%s"). The current '
                                  'behavior will raise an error in version 2.7. '
                                  'See the Release Notes for Python-Markdown '
                                  'version 2.6 for more info.' %
                                  (module_name_old_style, ext_name),
                                  DeprecationWarning)
                except ImportError as e:
                    message = "Failed loading extension '%s' from '%s', '%s' " \
                        "or '%s'" % (ext_name, ext_name, module_name,
                                     module_name_old_style)
                    e.args = (message,) + e.args[1:]
                    raise

        if class_name:
            # Load given class name from module.
            return getattr(module, class_name)(**configs)
        else:
            # Expect  makeExtension() function to return a class.
            try:
                return module.makeExtension(**configs)
            except AttributeError as e:
                message = e.args[0]
                message = "Failed to initiate extension " \
                          "'%s': %s" % (ext_name, message)
                e.args = (message,) + e.args[1:]
                raise

    def registerExtension(self, extension):
        """ This gets called by the extension """
        self.registeredExtensions.append(extension)
        return self

    def reset(self):
        """
        Resets all state variables so that we can start with a new text.
        """
        self.htmlStash.reset()
        self.references.clear()

        for extension in self.registeredExtensions:
            if hasattr(extension, 'reset'):
                extension.reset()

        return self

    def set_output_format(self, format):
        """ Set the output format for the class instance. """
        self.output_format = format.lower()
        try:
            self.serializer = self.output_formats[self.output_format]
        except KeyError as e:
            valid_formats = list(self.output_formats.keys())
            valid_formats.sort()
            message = 'Invalid Output Format: "%s". Use one of %s.' \
                % (self.output_format,
                   '"' + '", "'.join(valid_formats) + '"')
            e.args = (message,) + e.args[1:]
            raise
        return self

    def convert(self, source):
        """
        Convert markdown to serialized XHTML or HTML.

        Keyword arguments:

        * source: Source text as a Unicode string.

        Markdown processing takes place in five steps:

        1. A bunch of "preprocessors" munge the input text.
        2. BlockParser() parses the high-level structural elements of the
           pre-processed text into an ElementTree.
        3. A bunch of "treeprocessors" are run against the ElementTree. One
           such treeprocessor runs InlinePatterns against the ElementTree,
           detecting inline markup.
        4. Some post-processors are run against the text after the ElementTree
           has been serialized into text.
        5. The output is written to a string.

        """

        # Fixup the source text
        if not source.strip():
            return ''  # a blank unicode string

        try:
            source = util.text_type(source)
        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
            # Customise error message while maintaining original trackback
            e.reason += '. -- Note: Markdown only accepts unicode input!'
            raise

        # Split into lines and run the line preprocessors.
        self.lines = source.split("\n")
        for prep in self.preprocessors.values():
            self.lines = prep.run(self.lines)

        # Parse the high-level elements.
        root = self.parser.parseDocument(self.lines).getroot()

        # Run the tree-processors
        for treeprocessor in self.treeprocessors.values():
            newRoot = treeprocessor.run(root)
            if newRoot is not None:
                root = newRoot

        # Serialize _properly_.  Strip top-level tags.
        output = self.serializer(root)
        if self.stripTopLevelTags:
            try:
                start = output.index(
                    '<%s>' % self.doc_tag) + len(self.doc_tag) + 2
                end = output.rindex('</%s>' % self.doc_tag)
                output = output[start:end].strip()
            except ValueError:  # pragma: no cover
                if output.strip().endswith('<%s />' % self.doc_tag):
                    # We have an empty document
                    output = ''
                else:
                    # We have a serious problem
                    raise ValueError('Markdown failed to strip top-level '
                                     'tags. Document=%r' % output.strip())

        # Run the text post-processors
        for pp in self.postprocessors.values():
            output = pp.run(output)

        return output.strip()

    def convertFile(self, input=None, output=None, encoding=None):
        """Converts a Markdown file and returns the HTML as a Unicode string.

        Decodes the file using the provided encoding (defaults to utf-8),
        passes the file content to markdown, and outputs the html to either
        the provided stream or the file with provided name, using the same
        encoding as the source file. The 'xmlcharrefreplace' error handler is
        used when encoding the output.

        **Note:** This is the only place that decoding and encoding of Unicode
        takes place in Python-Markdown.  (All other code is Unicode-in /
        Unicode-out.)

        Keyword arguments:

        * input: File object or path. Reads from stdin if `None`.
        * output: File object or path. Writes to stdout if `None`.
        * encoding: Encoding of input and output files. Defaults to utf-8.

        """

        encoding = encoding or "utf-8"

        # Read the source
        if input:
            if isinstance(input, util.string_type):
                input_file = codecs.open(input, mode="r", encoding=encoding)
            else:
                input_file = codecs.getreader(encoding)(input)
            text = input_file.read()
            input_file.close()
        else:
            text = sys.stdin.read()
            if not isinstance(text, util.text_type):
                text = text.decode(encoding)

        text = text.lstrip('\ufeff')  # remove the byte-order mark

        # Convert
        html = self.convert(text)

        # Write to file or stdout
        if output:
            if isinstance(output, util.string_type):
                output_file = codecs.open(output, "w",
                                          encoding=encoding,
                                          errors="xmlcharrefreplace")
                output_file.write(html)
                output_file.close()
            else:
                writer = codecs.getwriter(encoding)
                output_file = writer(output, errors="xmlcharrefreplace")
                output_file.write(html)
                # Don't close here. User may want to write more.
        else:
            # Encode manually and write bytes to stdout.
            html = html.encode(encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace")
            try:
                # Write bytes directly to buffer (Python 3).
                sys.stdout.buffer.write(html)
            except AttributeError:
                # Probably Python 2, which works with bytes by default.
                sys.stdout.write(html)

        return self


"""
EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
=============================================================================

Those are the two functions we really mean to export: markdown() and
markdownFromFile().
"""


def markdown(text, *args, **kwargs):
    """Convert a Markdown string to HTML and return HTML as a Unicode string.

    This is a shortcut function for `Markdown` class to cover the most
    basic use case.  It initializes an instance of Markdown, loads the
    necessary extensions and runs the parser on the given text.

    Keyword arguments:

    * text: Markdown formatted text as Unicode or ASCII string.
    * Any arguments accepted by the Markdown class.

    Returns: An HTML document as a string.

    """
    md = Markdown(*args, **kwargs)
    return md.convert(text)


def markdownFromFile(*args, **kwargs):
    """Read markdown code from a file and write it to a file or a stream.

    This is a shortcut function which initializes an instance of Markdown,
    and calls the convertFile method rather than convert.

    Keyword arguments:

    * input: a file name or readable object.
    * output: a file name or writable object.
    * encoding: Encoding of input and output.
    * Any arguments accepted by the Markdown class.

    """
    # For backward compatibility loop through positional args
    pos = ['input', 'output', 'extensions', 'encoding']
    c = 0
    for arg in args:
        if pos[c] not in kwargs:
            kwargs[pos[c]] = arg
        c += 1
        if c == len(pos):
            break
    if len(args):
        warnings.warn('Positional arguments are depreacted in '
                      'Markdown and will raise an error in version 2.7. '
                      'Use keyword arguments only.',
                      DeprecationWarning)

    md = Markdown(**kwargs)
    md.convertFile(kwargs.get('input', None),
                   kwargs.get('output', None),
                   kwargs.get('encoding', None))