Implement inference for len builtin

Close #112

4 files changed, 209 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 278d6ed2..1d5002a3 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ Change log for the astroid package (used to be astng)
 
         Close #1699
 
+    * Implement inference for len builtin
+
+        Close #112
+
 
 2017-12-15 -- 1.6.0
 
diff --git a/astroid/brain/brain_builtin_inference.py b/astroid/brain/brain_builtin_inference.py
index 0f57b26e..b4174765 100644
--- a/astroid/brain/brain_builtin_inference.py
+++ b/astroid/brain/brain_builtin_inference.py
@@ -618,6 +618,29 @@ def _class_or_tuple_to_container(node, context=None):
     return class_container
 
 
+def infer_len(node, context=None):
+    """Infer length calls
+
+    :param nodes.Call node: len call to infer
+    :param context.InferenceContext: node context
+    :rtype nodes.Const:
+    """
+    call = arguments.CallSite.from_call(node)
+    if call.keyword_arguments:
+        raise UseInferenceDefault(
+            "TypeError: len() must take no keyword arguments")
+    if len(call.positional_arguments) != 1:
+        raise UseInferenceDefault(
+            "TypeError: len() must take exactly one argument "
+            "({len}) given".format(len=len(call.positional_arguments)))
+    [argument_node] = call.positional_arguments
+    try:
+        return nodes.Const(helpers.object_len(argument_node))
+    except (AstroidTypeError, InferenceError) as exc:
+        raise UseInferenceDefault(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+
 # Builtins inference
 register_builtin_transform(infer_bool, 'bool')
 register_builtin_transform(infer_super, 'super')
@@ -633,6 +656,7 @@ register_builtin_transform(infer_type, 'type')
 register_builtin_transform(infer_slice, 'slice')
 register_builtin_transform(infer_isinstance, 'isinstance')
 register_builtin_transform(infer_issubclass, 'issubclass')
+register_builtin_transform(infer_len, 'len')
 
 # Infer object.__new__ calls
 MANAGER.register_transform(
diff --git a/astroid/helpers.py b/astroid/helpers.py
index 7a6175cf..cd472af2 100644
--- a/astroid/helpers.py
+++ b/astroid/helpers.py
@@ -222,3 +222,45 @@ def class_instance_as_index(node):
     except exceptions.InferenceError:
         pass
     return None
+
+
+def object_len(node, context=None):
+    """Infer length of given node object
+
+    :param Union[nodes.ClassDef, nodes.Instance] node:
+    :param node: Node to infer length of
+
+    :raises AstroidTypeError: If an invalid node is returned
+        from __len__ method or no __len__ method exists
+    :raises InferenceError: If the given node cannot be inferred
+        or if multiple nodes are inferred
+    :rtype int: Integer length of node
+    """
+    inferred_node = safe_infer(node, context=context)
+    if inferred_node is None or inferred_node is util.Uninferable:
+        raise exceptions.InferenceError(node=node)
+    if inferred_node.qname() in ('builtins.str', 'builtins.bytes'):
+        return len(inferred_node.value)
+    if isinstance(inferred_node, (nodes.List, nodes.Set, nodes.Tuple, nodes.FrozenSet)):
+        return len(inferred_node.elts)
+    if isinstance(inferred_node, nodes.Dict):
+        return len(inferred_node.items)
+    try:
+        node_type = object_type(inferred_node, context=context)
+        len_call = next(node_type.igetattr("__len__", context=context))
+    except exceptions.AttributeInferenceError:
+        raise exceptions.AstroidTypeError(
+            "object of type '{}' has no len()"
+            .format(len_call.pytype()))
+
+    try:
+        result_of_len = next(len_call.infer_call_result(node, context))
+        # Remove StopIteration catch when #507 is fixed
+    except StopIteration:
+        raise exceptions.InferenceError(node=node)
+    if (isinstance(result_of_len, nodes.Const) and result_of_len.pytype() == "builtins.int"):
+        return result_of_len.value
+    else:
+        raise exceptions.AstroidTypeError(
+            "'{}' object cannot be interpreted as an integer"
+            .format(result_of_len))
diff --git a/astroid/tests/unittest_brain.py b/astroid/tests/unittest_brain.py
index d261e6ca..1408abd2 100644
--- a/astroid/tests/unittest_brain.py
+++ b/astroid/tests/unittest_brain.py
@@ -1092,5 +1092,144 @@ def _get_result(code):
     return _get_result_node(code).as_string()
 
 
+class TestLenBuiltinInference:
+    def test_len_list(self):
+        # Uses .elts
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        len(['a','b','c'])
+        """)
+        node = next(node.infer())
+        assert node.as_string() == '3'
+        assert isinstance(node, nodes.Const)
+
+    def test_len_tuple(self):
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        len(('a','b','c'))
+        """)
+        node = next(node.infer())
+        assert node.as_string() == '3'
+
+    def test_len_var(self):
+        # Make sure argument is inferred
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        a = [1,2,'a','b','c']
+        len(a)
+        """)
+        node = next(node.infer())
+        assert node.as_string() == '5'
+
+    def test_len_dict(self):
+        # Uses .items
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        a = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+        len(a)
+        """)
+        node = next(node.infer())
+        assert node.as_string() == '2'
+
+    def test_len_set(self):
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        len({'a'})
+        """)
+        inferred_node = next(node.infer())
+        assert inferred_node.as_string() == '1'
+
+    def test_len_object(self):
+        """Test len with objects that implement the len protocol"""
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        class A:
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 57
+        len(A())
+        """)
+        inferred_node = next(node.infer())
+        assert inferred_node.as_string() == '57'
+
+    def test_len_class_with_metaclass(self):
+        """Make sure proper len method is located"""
+        cls_node, inst_node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        class F2(type):
+            def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
+                return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, {})
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 57
+        class F(metaclass=F2):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 4
+        len(F) #@
+        len(F()) #@
+        """)
+        assert next(cls_node.infer()).as_string() == '57'
+        assert next(inst_node.infer()).as_string() == '4'
+
+    def test_len_object_failure(self):
+        """If taking the length of a class, do not use an instance method"""
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        class F:
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 57
+        len(F)
+        """)
+        with pytest.raises(astroid.InferenceError):
+            next(node.infer())
+
+    def test_len_string(self):
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        len("uwu")
+        """)
+        assert next(node.infer()).as_string() == "3"
+
+    def test_len_generator_failure(self):
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        def gen():
+            yield 'a'
+            yield 'b'
+        len(gen())
+        """)
+        with pytest.raises(astroid.InferenceError):
+            next(node.infer())
+
+    def test_len_failure_missing_variable(self):
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        len(a)
+        """)
+        with pytest.raises(astroid.InferenceError):
+            next(node.infer())
+
+    def test_len_bytes(self):
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        len(b'uwu')
+        """)
+        assert next(node.infer()).as_string() == '3'
+
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Can't retrieve subclassed type value ")
+    def test_int_subclass_result(self):
+        """I am unable to figure out the value of an
+        object which subclasses int"""
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        class IntSubclass(int):
+            pass
+
+        class F:
+            def __len__(self):
+                return IntSubclass(5)
+        len(F())
+        """)
+        assert next(node.infer()).as_string() == '5'
+
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Can't use list special astroid fields")
+    def test_int_subclass_argument(self):
+        """I am unable to access the length of a object which
+        subclasses list"""
+        node = astroid.extract_node("""
+        class ListSubclass(list):
+            pass
+        len(ListSubclass([1,2,3,4,4]))
+        """)
+        assert next(node.infer()).as_string() == '5'
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()