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<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><title>Python: module string</title>
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<td valign=bottom><small> <br></small
><font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"> <br><big><big><strong>string</strong></big></big></font></td
><td align=right valign=bottom
><font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><a href=".">index</a><br><a href="file:///C|/python21/lib/string.py">c:\python21\lib\string.py</a></font></td></tr></table>
<p><small><tt>A collection of string operations (most are no longer used in Python 1.6).<br>
<br>
Warning: most of the code you see here isn't normally used nowadays. With<br>
Python 1.6, many of these functions are implemented as methods on the<br>
standard string object. They used to be implemented by a built-in module<br>
called strop, but strop is now obsolete itself.<br>
<br>
Public module variables:<br>
<br>
whitespace -- a string containing all characters considered whitespace<br>
lowercase -- a string containing all characters considered lowercase letters<br>
uppercase -- a string containing all characters considered uppercase letters<br>
letters -- a string containing all characters considered letters<br>
digits -- a string containing all characters considered decimal digits<br>
hexdigits -- a string containing all characters considered hexadecimal digits<br>
octdigits -- a string containing all characters considered octal digits<br>
punctuation -- a string containing all characters considered punctuation<br>
printable -- a string containing all characters considered printable</tt></small></p>
<p><table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0>
<tr bgcolor="#eeaa77">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom><small><small> <br></small></small
><font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Functions</strong></big></font></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#eeaa77"><tt> </tt></td><td> </td>
<td width="100%"><dl><dt><a name="-_float"><strong>_float</strong></a> = float(...)<dd><small><tt>float(x) -> floating point number<br>
<br>
Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-_int"><strong>_int</strong></a> = int(...)<dd><small><tt>int(x[, base]) -> integer<br>
<br>
Convert a string or number to an integer, if possible. A floating point<br>
argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a string<br>
representation of a floating point number!) When converting a string, use<br>
the optional base. It is an error to supply a base when converting a<br>
non-string.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-_long"><strong>_long</strong></a> = long(...)<dd><small><tt>long(x) -> long integer<br>
long(x, base) -> long integer<br>
<br>
Convert a string or number to a long integer, if possible. A floating<br>
point argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a<br>
string representation of a floating point number!) When converting a<br>
string, use the given base. It is an error to supply a base when<br>
converting a non-string.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-atof"><strong>atof</strong></a>(s)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-atof">atof</a>(s) -> float<br>
<br>
Return the floating point number represented by the string s.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-atoi"><strong>atoi</strong></a>(s, base<small><font color="#909090">=10</font></small>)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-atoi">atoi</a>(s [,base]) -> int<br>
<br>
Return the integer represented by the string s in the given<br>
base, which defaults to 10. The string s must consist of one<br>
or more digits, possibly preceded by a sign. If base is 0, it<br>
is chosen from the leading characters of s, 0 for octal, 0x or<br>
0X for hexadecimal. If base is 16, a preceding 0x or 0X is<br>
accepted.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-atol"><strong>atol</strong></a>(s, base<small><font color="#909090">=10</font></small>)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-atol">atol</a>(s [,base]) -> long<br>
<br>
Return the long integer represented by the string s in the<br>
given base, which defaults to 10. The string s must consist<br>
of one or more digits, possibly preceded by a sign. If base<br>
is 0, it is chosen from the leading characters of s, 0 for<br>
octal, 0x or 0X for hexadecimal. If base is 16, a preceding<br>
0x or 0X is accepted. A trailing L or l is not accepted,<br>
unless base is 0.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-capitalize"><strong>capitalize</strong></a>(s)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-capitalize">capitalize</a>(s) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of the string s with only its first character<br>
capitalized.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-capwords"><strong>capwords</strong></a>(s, sep<small><font color="#909090">=None</font></small>)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-capwords">capwords</a>(s, [sep]) -> string<br>
<br>
Split the argument into words using split, capitalize each<br>
word using capitalize, and join the capitalized words using<br>
join. Note that this replaces runs of whitespace characters by<br>
a single space.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-center"><strong>center</strong></a>(s, width)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-center">center</a>(s, width) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a center version of s, in a field of the specified<br>
width. padded with spaces as needed. The string is never<br>
truncated.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-count"><strong>count</strong></a>(s, *args)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-count">count</a>(s, sub[, start[,end]]) -> int<br>
<br>
Return the number of occurrences of substring sub in string<br>
s[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are<br>
interpreted as in slice notation.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-expandtabs"><strong>expandtabs</strong></a>(s, tabsize<small><font color="#909090">=8</font></small>)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-expandtabs">expandtabs</a>(s [,tabsize]) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of the string s with all tab characters replaced<br>
by the appropriate number of spaces, depending on the current<br>
column, and the tabsize (default 8).</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-find"><strong>find</strong></a>(s, *args)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-find">find</a>(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> in<br>
<br>
Return the lowest index in s where substring sub is found,<br>
such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional<br>
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.<br>
<br>
Return -1 on failure.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-index"><strong>index</strong></a>(s, *args)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-index">index</a>(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int<br>
<br>
Like find but raises ValueError when the substring is not found.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-join"><strong>join</strong></a>(words, sep<small><font color="#909090">=' '</font></small>)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-join">join</a>(list [,sep]) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a string composed of the words in list, with<br>
intervening occurrences of sep. The default separator is a<br>
single space.<br>
<br>
(joinfields and join are synonymous)</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-joinfields"><strong>joinfields</strong></a> = join(words, sep<small><font color="#909090">=' '</font></small>)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-join">join</a>(list [,sep]) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a string composed of the words in list, with<br>
intervening occurrences of sep. The default separator is a<br>
single space.<br>
<br>
(joinfields and join are synonymous)</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-ljust"><strong>ljust</strong></a>(s, width)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-ljust">ljust</a>(s, width) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a left-justified version of s, in a field of the<br>
specified width, padded with spaces as needed. The string is<br>
never truncated.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-lower"><strong>lower</strong></a>(s)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-lower">lower</a>(s) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of the string s converted to lowercase.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-lstrip"><strong>lstrip</strong></a>(s)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-lstrip">lstrip</a>(s) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of the string s with leading whitespace removed.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-maketrans"><strong>maketrans</strong></a>(...)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-maketrans">maketrans</a>(frm, to) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a translation table (a string of 256 bytes long)<br>
suitable for use in string.translate. The strings frm and to<br>
must be of the same length.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-replace"><strong>replace</strong></a>(s, old, new, maxsplit<small><font color="#909090">=-1</font></small>)<dd><small><tt>replace (str, old, new[, maxsplit]) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of string str with all occurrences of substring<br>
old replaced by new. If the optional argument maxsplit is<br>
given, only the first maxsplit occurrences are replaced.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-rfind"><strong>rfind</strong></a>(s, *args)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-rfind">rfind</a>(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int<br>
<br>
Return the highest index in s where substring sub is found,<br>
such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional<br>
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.<br>
<br>
Return -1 on failure.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-rindex"><strong>rindex</strong></a>(s, *args)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-rindex">rindex</a>(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int<br>
<br>
Like rfind but raises ValueError when the substring is not found.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-rjust"><strong>rjust</strong></a>(s, width)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-rjust">rjust</a>(s, width) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a right-justified version of s, in a field of the<br>
specified width, padded with spaces as needed. The string is<br>
never truncated.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-rstrip"><strong>rstrip</strong></a>(s)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-rstrip">rstrip</a>(s) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of the string s with trailing whitespace<br>
removed.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-split"><strong>split</strong></a>(s, sep<small><font color="#909090">=None</font></small>, maxsplit<small><font color="#909090">=-1</font></small>)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-split">split</a>(s [,sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings<br>
<br>
Return a list of the words in the string s, using sep as the<br>
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, splits into at most<br>
maxsplit words. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string<br>
is a separator.<br>
<br>
(split and splitfields are synonymous)</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-splitfields"><strong>splitfields</strong></a> = split(s, sep<small><font color="#909090">=None</font></small>, maxsplit<small><font color="#909090">=-1</font></small>)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-split">split</a>(s [,sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings<br>
<br>
Return a list of the words in the string s, using sep as the<br>
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, splits into at most<br>
maxsplit words. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string<br>
is a separator.<br>
<br>
(split and splitfields are synonymous)</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-strip"><strong>strip</strong></a>(s)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-strip">strip</a>(s) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of the string s with leading and trailing<br>
whitespace removed.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-swapcase"><strong>swapcase</strong></a>(s)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-swapcase">swapcase</a>(s) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of the string s with upper case characters<br>
converted to lowercase and vice versa.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-translate"><strong>translate</strong></a>(s, table, deletions<small><font color="#909090">=''</font></small>)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-translate">translate</a>(s,table [,deletions]) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of the string s, where all characters occurring<br>
in the optional argument deletions are removed, and the<br>
remaining characters have been mapped through the given<br>
translation table, which must be a string of length 256. The<br>
deletions argument is not allowed for Unicode strings.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-upper"><strong>upper</strong></a>(s)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-upper">upper</a>(s) -> string<br>
<br>
Return a copy of the string s converted to uppercase.</tt></small></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-zfill"><strong>zfill</strong></a>(x, width)<dd><small><tt><a href="#-zfill">zfill</a>(x, width) -> string<br>
<br>
Pad a numeric string x with zeros on the left, to fill a field<br>
of the specified width. The string x is never truncated.</tt></small></dl>
</td></tr></table>
<p><table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0>
<tr bgcolor="#55aa55">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom><small><small> <br></small></small
><font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Data</strong></big></font></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#55aa55"><tt> </tt></td><td> </td>
<td width="100%"><strong>_StringType</strong> = <type 'string'><br>
<strong>__file__</strong> = r'c:\Python21\Lib\string.pyc'<br>
<strong>__name__</strong> = 'string'<br>
<strong>_idmap</strong> = '<font color="#c040c0">\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f</font> !"#$%&<font color="#c040c0">\'</font>()*+,-./...<font color="#c040c0">\xcf\xd0\xd1\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd7\xd8\xd9\xda\xdb\xdc\xdd\xde\xdf\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3\xe4\xe5\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf0\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\xff</font>'<br>
<strong>_idmapL</strong> = None<br>
<strong>digits</strong> = '0123456789'<br>
<strong>hexdigits</strong> = '0123456789abcdefABCDEF'<br>
<strong>letters</strong> = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'<br>
<strong>lowercase</strong> = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'<br>
<strong>octdigits</strong> = '01234567'<br>
<strong>printable</strong> = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&<font color="#c040c0">\'</font>()*+,-./:;<=>?@[<font color="#c040c0">\\</font>]^_`{|}~ <font color="#c040c0">\t\n\r\x0b\x0c</font>'<br>
<strong>punctuation</strong> = '!"#$%&<font color="#c040c0">\'</font>()*+,-./:;<=>?@[<font color="#c040c0">\\</font>]^_`{|}~'<br>
<strong>uppercase</strong> = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'<br>
<strong>whitespace</strong> = '<font color="#c040c0">\t\n\x0b\x0c\r</font> '</td></tr></table>
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