* Release 0.16.1 (12 Nov 2020) New API: `VerifyingKey.precompute()` supports `lazy` argument to delay precomputation to the first time the key is used to verify a signature. Doc fixes: Documentation for the `VerifyingKey.precompute()` method. Bug fix: Make created signatures correct when the hash used is bigger than the curve order bit size and the curve order is not a multiple of 8 (this affects only users of custom curves or hashes with output larger than 512 bits). Performance: Speed up library load time by calculating the generator point multiplication tables the first time the points are used, not when they are initialised. Maintenance: Include Python 3.9 in CI testing. Test coverage for the `VerifyingKey.precompute()` method. Small speed-ups for the test suite. * Release 0.16.0 (27 Aug 2020) New features: Support for reading and writing private keys in PKCS#8 format. New API: `to_pem` and `to_der` now accept new parameter, `format`, to specify the format of the encoded files, either the dafault, legacy "ssleay", or the new `pkcs8` to use PKCS#8. Note that only unencrypted PKCS#8 files are supported. Add `allow_truncate` to `verify` in `VerifyingKey`, it defaults to True, when specified as False, use of large hashes smaller than curves will be disallowed (as it was in 0.14.1 and earlier). Bug fix: Correctly calculate signatures for private keys equal to n-1. Make `PointJacobi` and thus `SigningKey` and `VerifyingKey` pickleable. Doc fixes: `to_pem` functions return `bytes` not `str`, document them as such. `from_pem` and `from_pem` in `SigningKey` returns `SigningKey`, document them as such. Maintenance: Ensure that version checks will work with Python 4. Format the source with black. Fix uses of `assert_` in test suite. Use newer Ubuntu in Travis to test against OpenSSL 1.1.1 (and thus test the interoperability of ECDH code in Travis). * Release 0.15 (02 Jan 2020) Bug fixes: `from curves import *` will now correctly import `BRAINPOOLP256r1` and `BRAINPOOLP320r1` curves. New features: ECDH operations have a public explicit API. Large hashes are now supported with small curves (e.g. SHA-256 can be used with NIST192p). `VerifyingKey` now supports the `precompute()` method to further speed up signature verification with the given instance of the key. New API: `VerifyingKey`, `SigningKey`, `Public_key`, `Private_key` and `CurveFp` now have `__eq__` methods. `ecdsa.ecdh` module and `ECDH` class. `PointJacobi` added. `VerifyingKey.verify_digest`, `SigningKey.sign_digest` and `SigningKey.sign_digest_deterministic` methods now accept `allow_truncate` argument to enable use of hashes larger than the curve order. `VerifyingKey` `from_pem` and `from_der` now accept `hashfunc` parameter like other `from*` methods. `VerifyingKey` has `precompute` method now. `VerifyingKey.from_public_point` may now not perform validation of public point when `validate_point=False` argument is passed to method. `CurveFp` constructor now accepts the `h` parameter - the cofactor of the elliptic curve, it's used for selection of algorithm of public point verification. Performance: `randrange` now will now perform much fewer calls to system random number generator. `PointJacobi` introduced and used as the underlying implementation; speeds up the library by a factor of about 20. Library has now optional dependencies on `gmpy` and `gmpy2`. When they are availbale, the elliptic curve calculations will be about 3 times faster. Maintenance: expected minimum version of `six` module (1.9.0) is now specified explicitly in `setup.py` and tested against. Significantly faster test suite execution. * Release 0.14.1 (06 Nov 2019) Remove the obsolete `six.py` file from wheel * Release 0.14 (06 Nov 2019) Bug fixes: Strict checking of DER requirements when parsing SEQUENCE, INTEGER, OBJECT IDENTIFIER and BITSTRING objects. DER parsers now consistently raise `UnexpectedDER` exception on malformed DER encoded byte strings. Make sure that both malformed and invalid signatures raise `BadSignatureError`. Ensure that all `SigningKey` and `VerifyingKey` methods that should accept bytes-like objects actually do accept them (also avoid copying input strings). Make `SigningKey.sign_digest_deterministic` use default object hashfunc when none was provided. `encode_integer` now works for large integers. Make `encode_oid` and `remove_object` correctly handle OBJECT IDENTIFIERs with large second subidentifier and padding in encoded subidentifiers. New features: Deterministic signature methods now accept `extra_entropy` parameter to further randomise the selection of `k` (the nonce) for signature, as specified in RFC6979. Recovery of public key from signature is now supported. Support for SEC1/X9.62 formatted keys, all three encodings are supported: "uncompressed", "compressed" and "hybrid". Both string, and PEM/DER will automatically accept them, if the size of the key matches the curve. Benchmarking application now provides performance numbers that are easier to compare against OpenSSL. Support for all Brainpool curves (non-twisted). New API: `CurveFp`: `__str__` is now supported. `SigningKey.sign_deterministic`, `SigningKey.sign_digest_deterministic` and `generate_k`: extra_entropy parameter was added `Signature.recover_public_keys` was added `VerifyingKey.from_public_key_recovery` and `VerifyingKey.from_public_key_recovery_with_digest` were added `VerifyingKey.to_string`: `encoding` parameter was added `VerifyingKey.to_der` and `SigningKey.to_der`: `point_encoding` parameter was added. `encode_bitstring`: `unused` parameter was added `remove_bitstring`: `expect_unused` parameter was added `SECP256k1` is now part of `curves` `*` import `Curves`: `__repr__` is now supported `VerifyingKey`: `__repr__` is now supported Deprecations: Python 2.5 is not supported any more - dead code removal. `from ecdsa.keys import *` will now import only objects defined in that module. Trying to decode a malformed point using `VerifyingKey.from_string` will rise now the `MalformedPointError` exception (that inherits from `AssertionError` but is not it). Multiple functions in `numbertheory` are considered deprecated: `phi`, `carmichael`, `carmichael_of_factorized`, `carmichael_of_ppower`, `order_mod`, `largest_factor_relatively_prime`, `kinda_order_mod`. They will now emit `DeprecationWarning` when used. Run the application or test suite with `-Wd` option or with `PYTHONWARNINGS=default` environment variable to verify if those methods are not used. They will be removed completely in a future release. `encode_bitstring` and `decode_bitstring` expect the number of unused bits to be passed as an argument now. They will emit `DeprecationWarning` if they are used in the deprecated way. modular_exp: will emit `DeprecationWarning` Hardening: Deterministic signatures now verify that the signature won't leak private key through very unlikely selection of `k` value (the nonce). Nonce bit size hiding was added (hardening against Minerva attack). Please note that it DOES NOT make library secure against side channel attacks (timing attacks). Performance: The public key in key generation is not verified twice now, making key generation and private key reading about 33% faster. Microoptimisation to `inverse_mod` function, increasing performance by about 40% for all operations. Maintenance: Extended test coverage to newer python versions. Fixes to examples in README.md: correct commands, more correct code (now works on Python 3). Stopped bundling `six` Moved sources into `src` subdirectory Made benchmarking script standalone (runnable either with `tox -e speed`, or after installation, with `python speed.py`) Now test coverage reported to coveralls is branch coverage, not line coverage Autodetection of curves supported by OpenSSL (test suite compatibility with Fedora OpenSSL package). More readable error messages (exceptions) in `der` module. Documentation to `VerifyingKey`, `SigningKey` and signature encoder/decoder functions added. Added measuring and verifying condition coverage to Continuous Integration. Big clean-up of the test suite, use pytest parametrisation and hypothesis for better test coverage and more precise failure reporting. Use platform-provided `math.gcd`, when provided. * Release 0.13.3 (07 Oct 2019) Fix CVE-2019-14853 - possible DoS caused by malformed signature decoding and signature malleability. Also harden key decoding from string and DER encodings. * Release 0.13.2 (17 Apr 2019) Restore compatibility of setup.py with Python 2.6 and 2.7. * Release 0.13.1 (17 Apr 2019) Fix the PyPI wheel - the old version included .pyc files. * Release 0.13 (07 Feb 2015) Fix the argument order for Curve constructor (put openssl_name= at the end, with a default value) to unbreak compatibility with external callers who used the 0.11 convention. * Release 0.12 (06 Feb 2015) Switch to Versioneer for version-string management (fixing the broken `ecdsa.__version__` attribute). Add Curve.openssl_name property. Mention secp256k1 in README, test against OpenSSL. Produce "wheel" distributions. Add py3.4 and pypy3 compatibility testing. Other minor fixes. * Release 0.11 (10 Mar 2014) Add signature-encoding functions "sigencode_{strings,string,der}_canonize" which canonicalize the S value (using the smaller of the two possible values). Add "validate_point=" argument to VerifyingKey.from_string() constructor (defaults to True) which can be used to disable time-consuming point validation when importing a pre-validated verifying key. Drop python2.5 support (untested but not explicitly broken yet), update trove classifiers. * Release 0.10 (23 Oct 2013) Make the secp256k1 available in __init__.py too (thanks to Scott Bannert). * Release 0.9 (01 Oct 2013) Add secp256k1 curve (thanks to Benjamin Dauvergne). Add deterministic (no entropy needed) signatures (thanks to slush). Added py3.2/py3.3 compatibility (thanks to Elizabeth Myers). * Release 0.8 (04 Oct 2011) Small API addition: accept a hashfunc= argument in the constructors for SigningKey and VerifyingKey. This makes it easier to write wrappers that e.g. use NIST256p and SHA256 without their obligating callers to pass hashfunc=sha256 in each time they call sign() or verify(). * Release 0.7 (28 Nov 2010) Fix test failure against OpenSSL-1.0.0 (previous versions only worked against openssl-0.9.8 or earlier). Increase python requirement to py2.5 or later (still no py3 compatibility, but work is underway). Replace use of obsolete 'sha' library with modern 'hashlib'. Clean up unit test runner (stop using subprocesses). * Release 0.6 (15 Oct 2010) Small packaging changes: extract version number from git, add 'setup.py test' command, set exit code correctly on test failure. Fix pyflakes warnings. * Release 0.5 (27 Apr 2010) Initial release. EC-DSA signature for five NIST "Suite B" GF(p) curves: prime192v1, secp224r1, prime256v1, secp384r1, and secp521r1. DER/PEM input/output functions, seed-to-randrange helper functions.