MAINT: Added Chain exceptions where appropriate (#18394)

* Added chain exception in _bits_of func

* Added chain exception

* Added chain exception in unixccompiler.py

* Added chain exception in config.py

* Added chain exception in fcompiler __init__.py

* Added chain exception in compaq.py

* Added chain exception in format.py

* Updated raise chain exception

* STY: Break long line.

Co-authored-by: Charles Harris <charlesr.harris@gmail.com>

7 files changed, 16 insertions, 16 deletions

diff --git a/numpy/core/_type_aliases.py b/numpy/core/_type_aliases.py
index de90fd818..67addef48 100644
--- a/numpy/core/_type_aliases.py
+++ b/numpy/core/_type_aliases.py
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ def _bits_of(obj):
         info = next(v for v in _concrete_typeinfo.values() if v.type is obj)
     except StopIteration:
         if obj in _abstract_types.values():
-            raise ValueError("Cannot count the bits of an abstract type")
+            msg = "Cannot count the bits of an abstract type"
+            raise ValueError(msg) from None
 
         # some third-party type - make a best-guess
         return dtype(obj).itemsize * 8
diff --git a/numpy/distutils/command/config.py b/numpy/distutils/command/config.py
index 8b735677a..1f4037bb5 100644
--- a/numpy/distutils/command/config.py
+++ b/numpy/distutils/command/config.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class config(old_config):
                         % (e, self.compiler.__class__.__name__)
                     print(textwrap.dedent("""\
                         ============================================================================"""))
-                    raise distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError(msg)
+                    raise distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError(msg) from e
 
             # After MSVC is initialized, add an explicit /MANIFEST to linker
             # flags.  See issues gh-4245 and gh-4101 for details.  Also
@@ -97,9 +97,8 @@ class config(old_config):
         try:
             ret = mth(*((self,)+args))
         except (DistutilsExecError, CompileError) as e:
-            str(e)
             self.compiler = save_compiler
-            raise CompileError
+            raise CompileError from e
         self.compiler = save_compiler
         return ret
 
diff --git a/numpy/distutils/conv_template.py b/numpy/distutils/conv_template.py
index 65efab062..90e07f8b1 100644
--- a/numpy/distutils/conv_template.py
+++ b/numpy/distutils/conv_template.py
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ def process_file(source):
     try:
         code = process_str(''.join(lines))
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise ValueError('In "%s" loop at %s' % (sourcefile, e))
+        raise ValueError('In "%s" loop at %s' % (sourcefile, e)) from None
     return '#line 1 "%s"\n%s' % (sourcefile, code)
 
 
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ def main():
     try:
         writestr = process_str(allstr)
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise ValueError("In %s loop at %s" % (file, e))
+        raise ValueError("In %s loop at %s" % (file, e)) from None
 
     outfile.write(writestr)
 
diff --git a/numpy/distutils/fcompiler/__init__.py b/numpy/distutils/fcompiler/__init__.py
index 812461538..d7579e976 100644
--- a/numpy/distutils/fcompiler/__init__.py
+++ b/numpy/distutils/fcompiler/__init__.py
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ class FCompiler(CCompiler):
             self.spawn(command, display=display)
         except DistutilsExecError as e:
             msg = str(e)
-            raise CompileError(msg)
+            raise CompileError(msg) from None
 
     def module_options(self, module_dirs, module_build_dir):
         options = []
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ class FCompiler(CCompiler):
                 self.spawn(command)
             except DistutilsExecError as e:
                 msg = str(e)
-                raise LinkError(msg)
+                raise LinkError(msg) from None
         else:
             log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
 
diff --git a/numpy/distutils/fcompiler/compaq.py b/numpy/distutils/fcompiler/compaq.py
index 1a356866a..351a43dd7 100644
--- a/numpy/distutils/fcompiler/compaq.py
+++ b/numpy/distutils/fcompiler/compaq.py
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ class CompaqVisualFCompiler(FCompiler):
         except IOError as e:
             if not "vcvarsall.bat" in str(e):
                 print("Unexpected IOError in", __file__)
-                raise e
+                raise
         except ValueError as e:
             if not "'path'" in str(e):
                 print("Unexpected ValueError in", __file__)
-                raise e
+                raise
 
     executables = {
         'version_cmd'  : ['<F90>', "/what"],
diff --git a/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py b/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
index 0cd2d243e..fb91f1789 100644
--- a/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
+++ b/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def UnixCCompiler__compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts
                    extra_postargs, display = display)
     except DistutilsExecError as e:
         msg = str(e)
-        raise CompileError(msg)
+        raise CompileError(msg) from None
 
     # add commandline flags to dependency file
     if deps:
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def UnixCCompiler_create_static_lib(self, objects, output_libname,
                            display = display)
             except DistutilsExecError as e:
                 msg = str(e)
-                raise LibError(msg)
+                raise LibError(msg) from None
     else:
         log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
     return
diff --git a/numpy/lib/format.py b/numpy/lib/format.py
index 5d951e262..ac5f75fba 100644
--- a/numpy/lib/format.py
+++ b/numpy/lib/format.py
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ def _wrap_header(header, version):
         header_prefix = magic(*version) + struct.pack(fmt, hlen + padlen)
     except struct.error:
         msg = "Header length {} too big for version={}".format(hlen, version)
-        raise ValueError(msg)
+        raise ValueError(msg) from None
 
     # Pad the header with spaces and a final newline such that the magic
     # string, the header-length short and the header are aligned on a
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ def _read_array_header(fp, version):
         d = safe_eval(header)
     except SyntaxError as e:
         msg = "Cannot parse header: {!r}\nException: {!r}"
-        raise ValueError(msg.format(header, e))
+        raise ValueError(msg.format(header, e)) from None
     if not isinstance(d, dict):
         msg = "Header is not a dictionary: {!r}"
         raise ValueError(msg.format(d))
@@ -614,9 +614,9 @@ def _read_array_header(fp, version):
         raise ValueError(msg.format(d['fortran_order']))
     try:
         dtype = descr_to_dtype(d['descr'])
-    except TypeError:
+    except TypeError as e:
         msg = "descr is not a valid dtype descriptor: {!r}"
-        raise ValueError(msg.format(d['descr']))
+        raise ValueError(msg.format(d['descr'])) from e
 
     return d['shape'], d['fortran_order'], dtype