# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org)
# Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors
# This module is part of the Python Paste Project and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
This module provides helper routines with work directly on a WSGI
environment to solve common requirements.

   * get_cookies(environ)
   * parse_querystring(environ)
   * parse_formvars(environ, include_get_vars=True)
   * construct_url(environ, with_query_string=True, with_path_info=True,
                   script_name=None, path_info=None, querystring=None)
   * path_info_split(path_info)
   * path_info_pop(environ)
   * resolve_relative_url(url, environ)

"""
import cgi
from Cookie import SimpleCookie
from StringIO import StringIO
import urlparse
import urllib
try:
    from UserDict import DictMixin
except ImportError:
    from paste.util.UserDict24 import DictMixin
from paste.util.multidict import MultiDict

__all__ = ['get_cookies', 'get_cookie_dict', 'parse_querystring',
           'parse_formvars', 'construct_url', 'path_info_split',
           'path_info_pop', 'resolve_relative_url', 'EnvironHeaders']

def get_cookies(environ):
    """
    Gets a cookie object (which is a dictionary-like object) from the
    request environment; caches this value in case get_cookies is
    called again for the same request.

    """
    header = environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE', '')
    if environ.has_key('paste.cookies'):
        cookies, check_header = environ['paste.cookies']
        if check_header == header:
            return cookies
    cookies = SimpleCookie()
    cookies.load(header)
    environ['paste.cookies'] = (cookies, header)
    return cookies

def get_cookie_dict(environ):
    """Return a *plain* dictionary of cookies as found in the request.

    Unlike ``get_cookies`` this returns a dictionary, not a
    ``SimpleCookie`` object.  For incoming cookies a dictionary fully
    represents the information.  Like ``get_cookies`` this caches and
    checks the cache.
    """
    header = environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE')
    if not header:
        return {}
    if environ.has_key('paste.cookies.dict'):
        cookies, check_header = environ['paste.cookies.dict']
        if check_header == header:
            return cookies
    cookies = SimpleCookie()
    cookies.load(header)
    result = {}
    for name in cookies:
        result[name] = cookies[name].value
    environ['paste.cookies.dict'] = (result, header)
    return result

def parse_querystring(environ):
    """
    Parses a query string into a list like ``[(name, value)]``.
    Caches this value in case parse_querystring is called again
    for the same request.

    You can pass the result to ``dict()``, but be aware that keys that
    appear multiple times will be lost (only the last value will be
    preserved).

    """
    source = environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')
    if not source:
        return []
    if 'paste.parsed_querystring' in environ:
        parsed, check_source = environ['paste.parsed_querystring']
        if check_source == source:
            return parsed
    parsed = cgi.parse_qsl(source, keep_blank_values=True,
                           strict_parsing=False)
    environ['paste.parsed_querystring'] = (parsed, source)
    return parsed

def parse_dict_querystring(environ):
    """Parses a query string like parse_querystring, but returns a MultiDict

    Caches this value in case parse_dict_querystring is called again
    for the same request.

    Example::

        #environ['QUERY_STRING'] -  day=Monday&user=fred&user=jane
        >>> parsed = parse_dict_querystring(environ)

        >>> parsed['day']
        'Monday'
        >>> parsed['user']
        'fred'
        >>> parsed.getlist['user']
        ['fred', 'jane']

    """
    source = environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')
    if not source:
        return MultiDict()
    if 'paste.parsed_dict_querystring' in environ:
        parsed, check_source = environ['paste.parsed_dict_querystring']
        if check_source == source:
            return parsed
    parsed = cgi.parse_qsl(source, keep_blank_values=True,
                           strict_parsing=False)
    multi = MultiDict(parsed)
    environ['paste.parsed_dict_querystring'] = (multi, source)
    return multi

def parse_formvars(environ, include_get_vars=True):
    """Parses the request, returning a MultiDict of form variables.

    If ``include_get_vars`` is true then GET (query string) variables
    will also be folded into the MultiDict.

    All values should be strings, except for file uploads which are
    left as FieldStorage instances.

    If the request was not a normal form request (e.g., a POST with an
    XML body) then ``environ['wsgi.input']`` won't be read.
    """
    source = environ['wsgi.input']
    if 'paste.parsed_formvars' in environ:
        parsed, check_source = environ['paste.parsed_formvars']
        if check_source == source:
            if include_get_vars:
                parsed.update(parse_querystring(environ))
            return parsed
    # @@: Shouldn't bother FieldStorage parsing during GET/HEAD and
    # fake_out_cgi requests
    type = environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '').lower()
    if ';' in type:
        type = type.split(';', 1)[0]
    fake_out_cgi = type not in ('', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
                                'multipart/form-data')
    # FieldStorage assumes a default CONTENT_LENGTH of -1, but a
    # default of 0 is better:
    if not environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH'):
        environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = '0'
    # Prevent FieldStorage from parsing QUERY_STRING during GET/HEAD
    # requests
    old_query_string = environ.get('QUERY_STRING','')
    environ['QUERY_STRING'] = ''
    if fake_out_cgi:
        input = StringIO('')
        old_content_type = environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE')
        old_content_length = environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH')
        environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = '0'
        environ['CONTENT_TYPE'] = ''    
    else:
        input = environ['wsgi.input']
    fs = cgi.FieldStorage(fp=input,
                          environ=environ,
                          keep_blank_values=1)
    environ['QUERY_STRING'] = old_query_string
    if fake_out_cgi:
        environ['CONTENT_TYPE'] = old_content_type
        environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = old_content_length
    formvars = MultiDict()
    if isinstance(fs.value, list):
        for name in fs.keys():
            values = fs[name]
            if not isinstance(values, list):
                values = [values]
            for value in values:
                if not value.filename:
                    value = value.value
                formvars.add(name, value)
    environ['paste.parsed_formvars'] = (formvars, source)
    if include_get_vars:
        formvars.update(parse_querystring(environ))
    return formvars

def construct_url(environ, with_query_string=True, with_path_info=True,
                  script_name=None, path_info=None, querystring=None):
    """Reconstructs the URL from the WSGI environment.

    You may override SCRIPT_NAME, PATH_INFO, and QUERYSTRING with
    the keyword arguments.

    """
    url = environ['wsgi.url_scheme']+'://'

    if environ.get('HTTP_HOST'):
        url += environ['HTTP_HOST']
    else:
        url += environ['SERVER_NAME']
        if environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'https':
            if environ['SERVER_PORT'] != '443':
                url += ':' + environ['SERVER_PORT']
        else:
            if environ['SERVER_PORT'] != '80':
                url += ':' + environ['SERVER_PORT']

    if script_name is None:
        url += urllib.quote(environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME',''))
    else:
        url += urllib.quote(script_name)
    if with_path_info:
        if path_info is None:
            url += urllib.quote(environ.get('PATH_INFO',''))
        else:
            url += urllib.quote(path_info)
    if with_query_string:
        if querystring is None:
            if environ.get('QUERY_STRING'):
                url += '?' + environ['QUERY_STRING']
        elif querystring:
            url += '?' + querystring
    return url

def resolve_relative_url(url, environ):
    """
    Resolve the given relative URL as being relative to the
    location represented by the environment.  This can be used
    for redirecting to a relative path.  Note: if url is already
    absolute, this function will (intentionally) have no effect
    on it.

    """
    cur_url = construct_url(environ, with_query_string=False)
    return urlparse.urljoin(cur_url, url)

def path_info_split(path_info):
    """
    Splits off the first segment of the path.  Returns (first_part,
    rest_of_path).  first_part can be None (if PATH_INFO is empty), ''
    (if PATH_INFO is '/'), or a name without any /'s.  rest_of_path
    can be '' or a string starting with /.

    """
    if not path_info:
        return None, ''
    assert path_info.startswith('/'), (
        "PATH_INFO should start with /: %r" % path_info)
    path_info = path_info.lstrip('/')
    if '/' in path_info:
        first, rest = path_info.split('/', 1)
        return first, '/' + rest
    else:
        return path_info, ''

def path_info_pop(environ):
    """
    'Pops' off the next segment of PATH_INFO, pushing it onto
    SCRIPT_NAME, and returning that segment.

    For instance::

        >>> def call_it(script_name, path_info):
        ...     env = {'SCRIPT_NAME': script_name, 'PATH_INFO': path_info}
        ...     result = path_info_pop(env)
        ...     print 'SCRIPT_NAME=%r; PATH_INFO=%r; returns=%r' % (
        ...         env['SCRIPT_NAME'], env['PATH_INFO'], result)
        >>> call_it('/foo', '/bar')
        SCRIPT_NAME='/foo/bar'; PATH_INFO=''; returns='bar'
        >>> call_it('/foo/bar', '')
        SCRIPT_NAME='/foo/bar'; PATH_INFO=''; returns=None
        >>> call_it('/foo/bar', '/')
        SCRIPT_NAME='/foo/bar/'; PATH_INFO=''; returns=''
        >>> call_it('', '/1/2/3')
        SCRIPT_NAME='/1'; PATH_INFO='/2/3'; returns='1'
        >>> call_it('', '//1/2')
        SCRIPT_NAME='//1'; PATH_INFO='/2'; returns='1'

    """
    path = environ.get('PATH_INFO', '')
    if not path:
        return None
    while path.startswith('/'):
        environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] += '/'
        path = path[1:]
    if '/' not in path:
        environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] += path
        environ['PATH_INFO'] = ''
        return path
    else:
        segment, path = path.split('/', 1)
        environ['PATH_INFO'] = '/' + path
        environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] += segment
        return segment

_parse_headers_special = {
    # This is a Zope convention, but we'll allow it here:
    'HTTP_CGI_AUTHORIZATION': 'Authorization',
    'CONTENT_LENGTH': 'Content-Length',
    'CONTENT_TYPE': 'Content-Type',
    }

def parse_headers(environ):
    """
    Parse the headers in the environment (like ``HTTP_HOST``) and
    yield a sequence of those (header_name, value) tuples.
    """
    # @@: Maybe should parse out comma-separated headers?
    for cgi_var, value in environ.iteritems():
        if cgi_var in _parse_headers_special:
            yield _parse_headers_special[cgi_var], value
        elif cgi_var.startswith('HTTP_'):
            yield cgi_var[5:].title().replace('_', '-'), value

class EnvironHeaders(DictMixin):
    """An object that represents the headers as present in a
    WSGI environment.

    This object is a wrapper (with no internal state) for a WSGI
    request object, representing the CGI-style HTTP_* keys as a
    dictionary.  Because a CGI environment can only hold one value for
    each key, this dictionary is single-valued (unlike outgoing
    headers).
    """

    def __init__(self, environ):
        self.environ = environ

    def _trans_name(self, name):
        key = 'HTTP_'+name.replace('-', '_').upper()
        if key == 'HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH':
            key = 'CONTENT_LENGTH'
        elif key == 'HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE':
            key = 'CONTENT_TYPE'
        return key

    def _trans_key(self, key):
        if key == 'CONTENT_TYPE':
            return 'Content-Type'
        elif key == 'CONTENT_LENGTH':
            return 'Content-Length'
        elif key.startswith('HTTP_'):
            return key[5:].replace('_', '-').title()
        else:
            return None
        
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self.environ[self._trans_name(item)]

    def __setitem__(self, item, value):
        # @@: Should this dictionary be writable at all?
        self.environ[self._trans_name(item)] = value

    def __delitem__(self, item):
        del self.environ[self._trans_name(item)]

    def __iter__(self):
        for key in self.environ:
            name = self._trans_key(key)
            if name is not None:
                yield name

    def keys(self):
        return list(self)

    def __contains__(self, item):
        return self._trans_name(item) in self.environ

def _cgi_FieldStorage__repr__patch(self):
    """ monkey patch for FieldStorage.__repr__

    Unbelievely, the default __repr__ on FieldStorage reads
    the entire file content instead of being sane about it.
    This is a simple replacement that doesn't do that
    """
    if self.file:
        return "FieldStorage(%r, %r)" % (
                self.name, self.filename)
    return "FieldStorage(%r, %r, %r)" % (
             self.name, self.filename, self.value)

cgi.FieldStorage.__repr__ = _cgi_FieldStorage__repr__patch

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()